Article(id=1240738483061445029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240738480549065614, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202410349, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1729267200000, receivedDateStr=2024-10-19, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773744706167, onlineDateStr=2026-03-17, pubDate=1746806400000, pubDateStr=2025-05-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773744706167, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773744706167, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773744706167, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240738480549065614, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='9', pageStart='1537', pageEnd='1728', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773744705569, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773744787657, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1240738824918192654, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240738480549065614, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1240738824922386959, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240738480549065614, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1594, endPage=1599, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240738483313103278, articleId=1240738483061445029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=The influence of childhood traumatic experiences on the well-being of middle school students:the mediating role of mental health symptoms, columnId=1228016568949474136, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Child and Adolescent Health, Maternal and Child Health, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the childhood traumatic experiences, mental health symptoms, and well-being of middle school students, analyze the associations among the three, explore the mechanism by which childhood traumatic experiences and mental health symptoms affect well-being, and provide reference for improving the well-being of middle school students.

Methods

From September to November 2023, a total of 1 294 students were selected by convenience sampling and stratified sampling from two middle schools as the survey subjects. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, Symptom Checklist 90, and EPOCH Well-being Scale were used for the questionnaire survey. SPSS 25.0 was used for descriptive analysis, t-test, chi-square test, and Pearson correlation analysis. The plug-in process was used to explore the mediating role of mental health symptoms between childhood traumatic experiences and well-being.

Results

There were significant differences in well-being scores among factors such as gender, school stage, household registration, parental education level, parental marital status, and“who to live with” (t=2.813, 7.11, 3.459, 9.723, 6.923, 2.515, and 20.253, P < 0.05). In this study, 90.2% of middle school students had one or more childhood traumatic experiences. The detection rates of physical abuse, physical neglect, emotional abuse, emotional neglect, and sexual abuse were 15.1%, 61%, 42.8%, 81.9%, and 10%, respectively. There were significant differences in childhood traumatic experiences among only-child status, school stage, parental education level, marital status, and family structure (t=-4.082, 5.415, 10.144, -3.032, 9.467, and -2.003, P < 0.05). All dimensions of childhood traumatic experiences and mental health symptoms were negatively correlated with well-being; except for sexual abuse, all dimensions of childhood traumatic experiences were positively correlated with mental health symptoms (r=0.301, P < 0.05). Mental health symptoms played a partial mediating role between childhood traumatic experiences and well-being, and the proportion of the mediating effect was 37.5%.

Conclusion

Childhood traumatic experiences and mental health symptoms negatively predict the well-being of middle school students, and mental health symptoms play a mediating role between childhood traumatic experiences and well-being. Against the background of a relatively high incidence of childhood traumatic experiences among middle school students, the well- being of middle school students can be improved by improving their mental health and reducing the impact of childhood traumatic experiences on well-being.

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目的

对中学生的儿童期创伤经历、心理健康症状、幸福感进行调查,分析三者之间的关联,探究儿童期创伤经历和心理健康症状影响幸福感的作用机制,为提高中学生的幸福感提供科学依据。

方法

于2023年9—11月采用方便抽样方法在两所中学分层抽取共1 294名学生为调查对象,采用儿童期虐待问卷、症状自评量表、EPOCH幸福感量表进行问卷调查。使用SPSS 25.0进行描述性分析,t检验、χ2检验、Pearson相关分析探讨差异性和相关性,使用插件process探究心理健康症状在儿童期创伤经历和幸福感之间的中介作用。

结果

幸福感评分在性别、学段、户籍、父亲文化程度、母亲文化程度、父母婚姻状况和与谁同住等因素上存在差异,差异有统计学意义(t=2.813、7.11、3.459、9.723、6.923、2.515、20.253,P<0.05)。本研究中90.2%的中学生有过一次及以上的儿童期创伤经历。身体虐待、身体忽视、情感虐待、情感忽视和性虐待的检出率分别为15.1%、61%、42.8%、81.9%、10%。儿童期创伤经历在独生子女、学段、父亲文化程度、母亲文化程度、父母婚姻状况和与谁同住上的差异有统计学意义(t=-2.003、-4.082、5.415、10.144、-3.032、9.467,P<0.05)。儿童期创伤经历各维度和心理健康症状均与幸福感均呈负相关;除性虐待外,儿童期创伤经历各维度均与心理健康症状正相关(r=0.301,P<0.05)。心理健康症状在儿童期创伤经历和幸福感之间起部分中介作用,中介效应占比为37.5%。

结论

儿童期创伤经历和心理健康症状负向预测中学生幸福感,心理健康症状在儿童期创伤经历与幸福感之间起中介作用。在中学生的童年期创伤经历发生率较高的背景下,可以通过改善中学生心理健康情况,减轻儿童期创伤经历对幸福感的影响,从而提升中学生幸福感水平。

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张慧颖,E-mail:
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韦锦生(2000—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:生命早期经历与儿童青少年健康

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Chinese Journal of School Health, 2024, 45(5):674-678.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Core self-evaluations and redundant thinking among physical education college students: the longitudinal effects of perceived discrimination on anxiety, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241081878342587190, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738483061445029, awardId=LH2021H013, language=CN, fundingSource=黑龙江省自然科学基金项目(LH2021H013), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241081878451639106, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738483061445029, awardId=HLJSJJ-2022003, language=CN, fundingSource=黑龙江省家庭教育学会“十四五”课题(HLJSJJ-2022003), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241081867647111423, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738483061445029, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241081867659694336, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738483061445029, companyId=1241081867647111423, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241081867672277249, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738483061445029, companyId=1241081867647111423, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.哈尔滨医科大学公共卫生学院,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150081)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241081867764551947, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738483061445029, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241081867772940555, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738483061445029, companyId=1241081867764551947, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.哈尔滨医科大学药学院)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241081867886186768, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738483061445029, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241081867898769680, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738483061445029, companyId=1241081867886186768, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.哈尔滨职业技术大学)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241081867986850071, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738483061445029, xref=4., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241081867995238681, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738483061445029, companyId=1241081867986850071, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4.黑龙江省伊春市嘉荫县第一小学)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241081876597756627, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738483061445029, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=The mediating model of SCL-10 in the relationship between CTQ-SF experiences and well-being, figureFileSmall=6A+tbjc01D3MaNJS/KMM8g==, figureFileBig=2GENyzt6MTeNu6n4ayAYRw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241081876719391451, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738483061445029, language=CN, label=图1, caption=心理健康症状在儿童创伤经历与幸福感关系间的中介模型

注:a表示CTQ-SF对SCL-10的效应值;b表示控制了CTQ-SF后,SCL-10对幸福感的效应值;c表示CTQ-SF对幸福感的总效应值;c'表示控制了SCL后,CTQ-SF对幸福感的直接效应值;**P<0.01。

, figureFileSmall=6A+tbjc01D3MaNJS/KMM8g==, figureFileBig=2GENyzt6MTeNu6n4ayAYRw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241081876891357929, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738483061445029, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Analysis of differences in demographic variables between well-being and CTQ-SF

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量人数CTQ-SFt/FP幸福感t/FP
性别
612(49.5)34.125±0.3891.9110.0564.055±0.0312.8130.005
625(50.5)33.166±0.3183.931±0.03
学段
初中848(68.6)32.95±0.262-4.082<0.0014.097±0.0267.110<0.001
高中389(31.4)35.147±0.5513.766±0.039
户籍
城市764(61.8)33.3±0.301-1.7270.0844.053±0.0283.495<0.001
农村473(38.2)34.192±0.4423.896±0.036
父亲文化程度
小学及以下99(8)35.646±1.2275.4150.0053.787±0.0749.723<0.001
初中及高中883(71.4)33.788±0.2883.969±0.026
大学及以上255(20.6)32.353±0.5044.156±0.046
母亲文化程度
小学及以下112(9.1)36.259±1.13510.144<0.0013.81±0.0716.9290.001
初中及高中857(69.3)33.827±0.2953.977±0.026
大学及以上268(21.7)31.951±0.4634.119±0.047
父母婚姻状况
初婚1 025(82.9)33.296±0.274-3.0320.0024.018±0.0242.5150.012
其他212(17.1)35.311±0.6183.871±0.056
与谁同住
与父母同住744(60.1)32.774±0.3179.467<0.0014.098±0.02620.253<0.001
与父母一方389(31.4)34.774±0.4733.874±0.042
不与父母同住104(8.4)35.606±0.7363.687±0.082
独生子女
847(68.5)33.300±0.294-2.0030.0454.022±0.0271.9520.051
390(31.5)34.382±0.4763.930±0.038
合计1 237(100)33.641±0.251
), ArticleFig(id=1241081877025575664, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738483061445029, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

幸福感和儿童期创伤经历在人口学变量上的差异性分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量人数CTQ-SFt/FP幸福感t/FP
性别
612(49.5)34.125±0.3891.9110.0564.055±0.0312.8130.005
625(50.5)33.166±0.3183.931±0.03
学段
初中848(68.6)32.95±0.262-4.082<0.0014.097±0.0267.110<0.001
高中389(31.4)35.147±0.5513.766±0.039
户籍
城市764(61.8)33.3±0.301-1.7270.0844.053±0.0283.495<0.001
农村473(38.2)34.192±0.4423.896±0.036
父亲文化程度
小学及以下99(8)35.646±1.2275.4150.0053.787±0.0749.723<0.001
初中及高中883(71.4)33.788±0.2883.969±0.026
大学及以上255(20.6)32.353±0.5044.156±0.046
母亲文化程度
小学及以下112(9.1)36.259±1.13510.144<0.0013.81±0.0716.9290.001
初中及高中857(69.3)33.827±0.2953.977±0.026
大学及以上268(21.7)31.951±0.4634.119±0.047
父母婚姻状况
初婚1 025(82.9)33.296±0.274-3.0320.0024.018±0.0242.5150.012
其他212(17.1)35.311±0.6183.871±0.056
与谁同住
与父母同住744(60.1)32.774±0.3179.467<0.0014.098±0.02620.253<0.001
与父母一方389(31.4)34.774±0.4733.874±0.042
不与父母同住104(8.4)35.606±0.7363.687±0.082
独生子女
847(68.5)33.300±0.294-2.0030.0454.022±0.0271.9520.051
390(31.5)34.382±0.4763.930±0.038
合计1 237(100)33.641±0.251
), ArticleFig(id=1241081877231096573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738483061445029, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Difference analysis of SCL-10 and well-being in CTQ-SF and its dimensions

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量心理健康症状幸福感
均值±标准差t均值±标准差t
儿童期创伤经历
1.509±0.018-3.758**3.951±0.0236.002**
1.291±0.0464.394±0.060
身体忽视
1.595±0.024-7.988**3.831±0.0299.510**
1.321±0.0214.245±0.030
身体虐待
1.753±0.050-6.645**3.674±0.0596.204**
1.441±0.0184.050±0.023
情感忽视
1.519±0.019-3.897**3.921±0.0247.123**
1.347±0.0334.319±0.045
情感虐待
1.718±0.029-12.279**3.737±0.03510.478**
1.316±0.0184.184±0.035
性虐待
1.776±0.062-5.664**3.575±0.0796.445**
1.456±0.0184.039±0.022
), ArticleFig(id=1241081877369508614, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738483061445029, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

心理健康症状和幸福感在儿童期创伤经历及其各维度上的差异性分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量心理健康症状幸福感
均值±标准差t均值±标准差t
儿童期创伤经历
1.509±0.018-3.758**3.951±0.0236.002**
1.291±0.0464.394±0.060
身体忽视
1.595±0.024-7.988**3.831±0.0299.510**
1.321±0.0214.245±0.030
身体虐待
1.753±0.050-6.645**3.674±0.0596.204**
1.441±0.0184.050±0.023
情感忽视
1.519±0.019-3.897**3.921±0.0247.123**
1.347±0.0334.319±0.045
情感虐待
1.718±0.029-12.279**3.737±0.03510.478**
1.316±0.0184.184±0.035
性虐待
1.776±0.062-5.664**3.575±0.0796.445**
1.456±0.0184.039±0.022
), ArticleFig(id=1241081877440811790, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738483061445029, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Correlation analysis of CTQ-SF, SCL-10 and well-being

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量CTQ-SF评分SCL-10评分幸福感评分身体虐待情感虐待性虐待身体忽视情感忽视
CTQ-SF评分1
SCL-10评分0.301**1
幸福感评分-0.353**-0.508**1
身体虐待0.660**0.167**-0.176**1
情感虐待0.770**0.357**-0.269**0.537**1
性虐待0.538**0.045-0.108**0.444**0.379**1
身体忽视0.771**0.197**-0.246**0.388**0.438**0.310**1
情感忽视0.824**0.252**-0.365**0.344**0.491**0.238**0.535**1
), ArticleFig(id=1241081877667304216, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738483061445029, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

儿童期创伤经历、心理健康症状和幸福感的相关性分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量CTQ-SF评分SCL-10评分幸福感评分身体虐待情感虐待性虐待身体忽视情感忽视
CTQ-SF评分1
SCL-10评分0.301**1
幸福感评分-0.353**-0.508**1
身体虐待0.660**0.167**-0.176**1
情感虐待0.770**0.357**-0.269**0.537**1
性虐待0.538**0.045-0.108**0.444**0.379**1
身体忽视0.771**0.197**-0.246**0.388**0.438**0.310**1
情感忽视0.824**0.252**-0.365**0.344**0.491**0.238**0.535**1
), ArticleFig(id=1241081877881213731, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738483061445029, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

The mediating role of SCL-10 between CTQ-SF and its dimensions and well-being

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
中介模型95%CI相对效应值(%)
CTQ-SF评分- SCL-10评分- 幸福感评分
总效应-0.294 0(-0.034~-0.024 9)
直接效应-0.018 6(-0.022 9~-0.014 3)
中介效应-0.010 9(-0.014 8~-0.007 5)37.1
身体忽视- SCL-10评分- 幸福感评分
总效应-0.085 5(-0.111 9~-0.059 1)
直接效应-0.046 2(-0.0698 5~-0.022 6)
中介效应-0.039 3(-0.061 5~-0.020 9)46.0
身体虐待- SCL-10评分- 幸福感评分
总效应-0.066 5(-0.082~-0.050 9)
直接效应-0.041 2(-0.055 2~-0.027 2)
中介效应-0.025 2(-0.034 4~-0.016 7)37.9
情感忽视- SCL-10评分- 幸福感评分
总效应-0.081 5(-0.098 8~-0.064 1)
直接效应-0.031 1(-0.047 7~-0.014 4)
中介效应-0.050 4(-0.06 5~-0.037 5)61.8
情感虐待- SCL-10评分- 幸福感评分
总效应-0.070 0(-0.080 6~-0.059 3)
直接效应-0.049 3(-0.059 1~-0.039 5)
中介效应-0.020 7(-0.027 3~-0.014 6)29.6
), ArticleFig(id=1241081878015431465, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738483061445029, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

心理健康症状在儿童期创伤经历及其各维度与幸福感之间的中介作用

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
中介模型95%CI相对效应值(%)
CTQ-SF评分- SCL-10评分- 幸福感评分
总效应-0.294 0(-0.034~-0.024 9)
直接效应-0.018 6(-0.022 9~-0.014 3)
中介效应-0.010 9(-0.014 8~-0.007 5)37.1
身体忽视- SCL-10评分- 幸福感评分
总效应-0.085 5(-0.111 9~-0.059 1)
直接效应-0.046 2(-0.0698 5~-0.022 6)
中介效应-0.039 3(-0.061 5~-0.020 9)46.0
身体虐待- SCL-10评分- 幸福感评分
总效应-0.066 5(-0.082~-0.050 9)
直接效应-0.041 2(-0.055 2~-0.027 2)
中介效应-0.025 2(-0.034 4~-0.016 7)37.9
情感忽视- SCL-10评分- 幸福感评分
总效应-0.081 5(-0.098 8~-0.064 1)
直接效应-0.031 1(-0.047 7~-0.014 4)
中介效应-0.050 4(-0.06 5~-0.037 5)61.8
情感虐待- SCL-10评分- 幸福感评分
总效应-0.070 0(-0.080 6~-0.059 3)
直接效应-0.049 3(-0.059 1~-0.039 5)
中介效应-0.020 7(-0.027 3~-0.014 6)29.6
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儿童期创伤经历对中学生幸福感的影响——心理健康症状的中介作用
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韦锦生 1 , 梁亚男 2 , 李晶莹 3 , 曹静 4 , 朱敏惠 1 , 李奕曈 1 , 张丽娜 1 , 黄海 1 , 张俊杰 1 , 王佳 1 , 张慧颖 1
现代预防医学 | 儿少卫生与妇幼保健 2025,52(9): 1594-1599
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现代预防医学 | 儿少卫生与妇幼保健 2025, 52(9): 1594-1599
儿童期创伤经历对中学生幸福感的影响——心理健康症状的中介作用
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韦锦生1, 梁亚男2, 李晶莹3, 曹静4, 朱敏惠1, 李奕曈1, 张丽娜1, 黄海1, 张俊杰1, 王佳1, 张慧颖1
作者信息
  • 1.哈尔滨医科大学公共卫生学院,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150081
  • 2.哈尔滨医科大学药学院
  • 3.哈尔滨职业技术大学
  • 4.黑龙江省伊春市嘉荫县第一小学
  • 韦锦生(2000—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:生命早期经历与儿童青少年健康

通讯作者:

张慧颖,E-mail:
The influence of childhood traumatic experiences on the well-being of middle school students:the mediating role of mental health symptoms
Jin-sheng WEI1, Ya-nan LIANG2, Jing-ying LI3, Jing CAO4, Min-hui ZHU1, Yi-tong LI1, Li-na ZHANG1, Hai HUANG1, Jun-jie ZHANG1, Jia WANG1, Hui-ying ZHANG1
Affiliations
  • School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
出版时间: 2025-05-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202410349
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目的

对中学生的儿童期创伤经历、心理健康症状、幸福感进行调查,分析三者之间的关联,探究儿童期创伤经历和心理健康症状影响幸福感的作用机制,为提高中学生的幸福感提供科学依据。

方法

于2023年9—11月采用方便抽样方法在两所中学分层抽取共1 294名学生为调查对象,采用儿童期虐待问卷、症状自评量表、EPOCH幸福感量表进行问卷调查。使用SPSS 25.0进行描述性分析,t检验、χ2检验、Pearson相关分析探讨差异性和相关性,使用插件process探究心理健康症状在儿童期创伤经历和幸福感之间的中介作用。

结果

幸福感评分在性别、学段、户籍、父亲文化程度、母亲文化程度、父母婚姻状况和与谁同住等因素上存在差异,差异有统计学意义(t=2.813、7.11、3.459、9.723、6.923、2.515、20.253,P<0.05)。本研究中90.2%的中学生有过一次及以上的儿童期创伤经历。身体虐待、身体忽视、情感虐待、情感忽视和性虐待的检出率分别为15.1%、61%、42.8%、81.9%、10%。儿童期创伤经历在独生子女、学段、父亲文化程度、母亲文化程度、父母婚姻状况和与谁同住上的差异有统计学意义(t=-2.003、-4.082、5.415、10.144、-3.032、9.467,P<0.05)。儿童期创伤经历各维度和心理健康症状均与幸福感均呈负相关;除性虐待外,儿童期创伤经历各维度均与心理健康症状正相关(r=0.301,P<0.05)。心理健康症状在儿童期创伤经历和幸福感之间起部分中介作用,中介效应占比为37.5%。

结论

儿童期创伤经历和心理健康症状负向预测中学生幸福感,心理健康症状在儿童期创伤经历与幸福感之间起中介作用。在中学生的童年期创伤经历发生率较高的背景下,可以通过改善中学生心理健康情况,减轻儿童期创伤经历对幸福感的影响,从而提升中学生幸福感水平。

儿童期创伤经历  /  幸福感  /  心理健康症状  /  中学生
Objective

To investigate the childhood traumatic experiences, mental health symptoms, and well-being of middle school students, analyze the associations among the three, explore the mechanism by which childhood traumatic experiences and mental health symptoms affect well-being, and provide reference for improving the well-being of middle school students.

Methods

From September to November 2023, a total of 1 294 students were selected by convenience sampling and stratified sampling from two middle schools as the survey subjects. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, Symptom Checklist 90, and EPOCH Well-being Scale were used for the questionnaire survey. SPSS 25.0 was used for descriptive analysis, t-test, chi-square test, and Pearson correlation analysis. The plug-in process was used to explore the mediating role of mental health symptoms between childhood traumatic experiences and well-being.

Results

There were significant differences in well-being scores among factors such as gender, school stage, household registration, parental education level, parental marital status, and“who to live with” (t=2.813, 7.11, 3.459, 9.723, 6.923, 2.515, and 20.253, P < 0.05). In this study, 90.2% of middle school students had one or more childhood traumatic experiences. The detection rates of physical abuse, physical neglect, emotional abuse, emotional neglect, and sexual abuse were 15.1%, 61%, 42.8%, 81.9%, and 10%, respectively. There were significant differences in childhood traumatic experiences among only-child status, school stage, parental education level, marital status, and family structure (t=-4.082, 5.415, 10.144, -3.032, 9.467, and -2.003, P < 0.05). All dimensions of childhood traumatic experiences and mental health symptoms were negatively correlated with well-being; except for sexual abuse, all dimensions of childhood traumatic experiences were positively correlated with mental health symptoms (r=0.301, P < 0.05). Mental health symptoms played a partial mediating role between childhood traumatic experiences and well-being, and the proportion of the mediating effect was 37.5%.

Conclusion

Childhood traumatic experiences and mental health symptoms negatively predict the well-being of middle school students, and mental health symptoms play a mediating role between childhood traumatic experiences and well-being. Against the background of a relatively high incidence of childhood traumatic experiences among middle school students, the well- being of middle school students can be improved by improving their mental health and reducing the impact of childhood traumatic experiences on well-being.

Childhood traumatic experiences  /  Well-being  /  Mental health symptoms  /  Middle school students
韦锦生, 梁亚男, 李晶莹, 曹静, 朱敏惠, 李奕曈, 张丽娜, 黄海, 张俊杰, 王佳, 张慧颖. 儿童期创伤经历对中学生幸福感的影响——心理健康症状的中介作用. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (9) : 1594 -1599 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202410349
Jin-sheng WEI, Ya-nan LIANG, Jing-ying LI, Jing CAO, Min-hui ZHU, Yi-tong LI, Li-na ZHANG, Hai HUANG, Jun-jie ZHANG, Jia WANG, Hui-ying ZHANG. The influence of childhood traumatic experiences on the well-being of middle school students:the mediating role of mental health symptoms[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (9) : 1594 -1599 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202410349
近些年来,积极心理学的研究在国内外兴起,幸福感作为其中代表备受关注。幸福感指评价者根据自定的标准对其生活质量的整体性评估,是衡量个人生活质量的综合性心理指标[1]。正处于青春期的学生群体,身心快速发育,世界观、价值观、幸福观正在形成,为未来的幸福奠定基础。有学者指出,坚定的心理韧性、清晰的自我效能感、较强的正念等优秀的个人品质和较高的幸福感息息相关[2-3];而消极的家庭教养方式、身体和情感上的忽视、虐待等童年创伤有可能造成青少年的幸福感缺失[4]。儿童期创伤经历是指儿童在家里或者其他场所受到的来自于父母或其他人持续的、重复的对其生理或心理具有破坏作用的经历[5]。这种创伤经历不仅显著影响青少年时期的积极功能,存在累加效应,还与成人幸福感、自我评价的生命价值显著负相关[6-7]。儿童期创伤经历除了阻碍幸福感的提升,还是青少年抑郁、网络成瘾、焦虑等心理健康症状的重要危险因素[8-10]。心理健康症状是指焦虑、抑郁、偏执等诸多心理症状内容,旨在评估整体的心理健康状况[11]。同时,焦虑、抑郁等心理健康症状也是影响幸福感的重要因素[12]。即心理健康症状与儿童期创伤经历显著正相关,与幸福感显著负相关,那么心理健康症状在儿童期创伤经历对幸福感的影响是否存在中介作用有待探索。因此,本研究拟以中学生为研究对象,研究儿童期创伤经历、心理健康症状和幸福感三者之间的联系,探索心理健康症状在儿童期创伤经历与幸福感之间的中介作用,研究结果将帮助我们理解儿童期创伤经历不仅直接影响中学生的幸福感,还通过影响心理健康症状间接影响幸福感;并为提升中学生的幸福感的实践提供新的思路,具有重要的理论和实践意义。
于2023年9—11月采用方便抽样方法在黑龙江省哈尔滨市两所中学,按年级分层,每个年级抽取三个班级,共抽取了18个班级1 294名学生为调查对象,回收问卷1 294份,排除作答不完全、逻辑错误等不合格问卷,有效问卷共1 237份,有效率为95.5%。本次调查已经获得研究对象及其家长知情同意,并获得哈尔滨医科大学伦理委员会批准(审批编号:HMUIRB20200008)。
采用自编量表,主要包括学生性别、年龄、年级、父母文化程度、父母婚姻状况等基本情况。
采用EPOCH幸福感量表[13]。该问卷共有25个条目,分为五个维度。条目按1~5分,20个条目的平均分即为幸福感评分,分数越高,幸福感越强。本研究中该量表Cronbach α为0.943。
采用儿童期虐待问卷(简版)(Childhood Trauma Questionnaire Short Form,CTQ-SF)[14]评估儿童时期的创伤经历。该问卷是有28个条目的自我报告问卷,分为5个分量表:情感虐待、躯体虐待、性虐待、情感忽视和躯体忽视。每个分量表含5个条目。每个条目采用5级评分(1、2、3、4、5,分别表示从不、偶尔、有时、经常、总是)。本研究中该量表Cronbach α为0.840。
采用症状自评量表(symptom checklist 10,SCL-10)[15]。SCL-10是一份10项自我报告的心理健康问卷,采用四分制,“一点也不”到“非常”分别记为1~4分。问卷分为焦虑和抑郁两个维度,分数越高,心理健康症状越严重。本研究中该量表Cronbach α为0.925。
使用Epidata 3.0进行数据双录入,使用SPSS 25.0软件进行描述性分析,其中运用t检验、方差分析进行差异性分析,Pearson相关分析探讨儿童期创伤经历、心理健康症状和幸福感之间的相关性。使用插件Process(Model 4)进行简单中介分析,并用偏差校正的非参数百分位bootstrap法检验中介效应,随机重复抽样5 000次,若效应估计值的95%置信区间(CI)不包括0,则中介效应显著。双侧检验,检验水准α=0.05。
本次调查有效样本为1 237人,其中,男生612人,女生625人;初中生848人,高中生389人;城市户籍764人,农村户籍473人;年龄范围11.73~18.89岁。人口学描述见表1
本研究中,中学生的幸福感得分均值为(3.993±0.022)。幸福感评分在性别、学段、户籍和父母文化程度等因素上的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。
90.2%的中学生有过一次及以上的儿童期创伤经历。身体虐待、身体忽视、情感虐待、情感忽视和性虐待的检出率分别为15.1%、61%、42.8%、81.9%、10%。儿童期创伤经历评分在独生子女、学段、父母文化程度、婚姻和与谁同住上的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见表1
经历过情感虐待、身体忽视、性虐待、身体忽视和情感忽视的中学生心理健康症状评分均高于未曾经历过的中学生(P均<0.01)。经历过情感虐待、身体忽视、性虐待、身体忽视和情感忽视的中学生幸福感评分均低于未曾经历过的中学生(均P<0.01)。见表2
儿童期创伤经历和心理健康症状均与幸福感呈负相关,并且体现在儿童期创伤经历的各个维度上。除性虐待外,儿童期创伤经历各维度与心理健康症状呈正相关(P<0.01)。见表3
以儿童期创伤经历为自变量,心理健康症状为中介变量,幸福感为因变量进行中介作用分析。结果显示,心理健康症状在儿童期创伤经历和幸福感之间起部分中介作用,中介效应占比为37.1%。在进一步分析中,发现身体忽视、身体虐待、情感忽视和情感虐待在儿童期创伤经历和幸福感之间起部分中介作用,其中介效应分别为46.0%、37.9%、61.8%、29.6%,即心理健康症状在儿童期创伤经历各维度与幸福感之间关系发挥的作用占比大小。在本次调查中,性虐待和心理健康症状之间关联不显著,不存在中介效应。见表4图1
本研究中中学生幸福感评分均值为(3.993±0.022),总体幸福感较高,研究结论与其他文献一致[16]。在调查中发现,儿童期创伤经历的检出率较高,并且较高于其他研究51.45%的检出率[17]。其主要原因是在本研究中对于儿童期创伤经历的判定标准定义为“只要发生过创伤事件”即定义为阳性。在儿童期创伤经历中,情感忽视检出率最高。可能是受我国的以“孝”为核心的家庭伦理思想的影响,孩子在大部分情况下顺从父母意志[18],若家长家庭教育方式不当,极易造成家庭缺乏平等友爱的沟通环境,父母和孩子的情感交流、互动较少,导致孩子不可避免地会遭受情感忽视。
儿童期创伤经历各维度均与幸福感负相关,和其他研究结论一致[19],一方面有过儿童期创伤经历的中学生有更大的可能性遭遇负性事件,所以他们消极情绪更多[20],幸福感更少。另一方面,累加的童年不良经历随着时间的发展,对他们的压力调节系统和大脑发育造成了影响[21],以致于阻碍了他们的情感发展,难以体验幸福感。与国内学者研究结论一致[22],心理健康症状和幸福感负相关,是因为焦虑抑郁等情绪阻碍了研究对象积极情绪的体验,对事物的认知倾向于消极,导致幸福感缺失[23]。除性虐待外,儿童期创伤经历各维度与心理健康症状正相关,和其他研究结论一致[24],有研究表明,暴露在童年不良经历的中学生和焦虑、抑郁情绪显著相关[25-26]
儿童期创伤经历负向预测幸福感,心理健康症状在儿童期创伤经历和幸福感之间起部分中介作用。儿童期创伤经历导致孩子连接感、乐观等积极功能较差[7],即幸福感较低。同时,儿童期创伤经历的孩子由于自卑、逃避等情绪,随着年龄增长更容易出现焦虑、抑郁等心理健康症状[27],心理健康症状进一步阻碍了孩子对外部世界的感知,认知方式偏向于消极[28],主观幸福感较低。其中,情感忽视的检出率最高,并且心理健康症状的中介效应占比最大,父母关爱的缺失可能直接减少了青少年的幸福感。并且长期的童年期忽视经历可能导致青少年基本心理需求得不到满足,以至于出现焦虑抑郁等内化问题[29],处于焦虑抑郁状态下的青少年,容易导致核心自我评价降低[30],对自我和生活感到消极、负面,即幸福感降低。
综上所述,心理健康症状在儿童期创伤经历与幸福感之间起中介作用,在童年期经历过的创伤已经成为无法改变的事实,而当前中学生的心理健康现状更是不容乐观。面对这种状况,学校-家庭-社会积极开展具有针对性的心理健康干预势在必行,在减少中学生心理健康症状的同时,还能减轻儿童期创伤经历和心理健康症状导致的幸福感缺失问题。但本研究由于横断面研究无法做出因果推断,因此后续应该开展纵向研究进一步证实儿童期创伤经历和心理健康症状与幸福感之间的关联。其次,由于只选取两所中学,方便抽样可能产生选择偏倚,本研究存在代表性不足和误差较大的问题,因此后续研究应改善抽样方法和扩大抽样范围,以提高代表性和减少误差。
  • 黑龙江省自然科学基金项目(LH2021H013)
  • 黑龙江省家庭教育学会“十四五”课题(HLJSJJ-2022003)
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2025年第52卷第9期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202410349
  • 接收时间:2024-10-19
  • 首发时间:2026-03-17
  • 出版时间:2025-05-10
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  • 收稿日期:2024-10-19
基金
黑龙江省自然科学基金项目(LH2021H013)
黑龙江省家庭教育学会“十四五”课题(HLJSJJ-2022003)
作者信息
    1.哈尔滨医科大学公共卫生学院,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150081
    2.哈尔滨医科大学药学院
    3.哈尔滨职业技术大学
    4.黑龙江省伊春市嘉荫县第一小学

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张慧颖,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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