Article(id=1240738482918847385, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240738480549065614, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202412135, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1733932800000, receivedDateStr=2024-12-12, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773744706134, onlineDateStr=2026-03-17, pubDate=1746806400000, pubDateStr=2025-05-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773744706134, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773744706134, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773744706134, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240738480549065614, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='9', pageStart='1537', pageEnd='1728', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773744705569, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773744787657, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1240738824918192654, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240738480549065614, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1240738824922386959, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240738480549065614, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1562, endPage=1567, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240738483216642982, articleId=1240738482918847385, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Analysis of the prevalence and clustering patterns of behavioral risk factors for chronic diseases among adult residents in Quanzhou city (2022—2023), columnId=1240413921954295836, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Epidemiology and Statistical Methods, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the prevalence of behavioral risk factors for chronic diseases among adult residents in Quanzhou city and their clustering patterns, providing a scientific basis for developing chronic disease prevention and control policies and public health measures tailored to different regions of Quanzhou.

Methods

A descriptive analysis of the prevalence of behavioral risk factors for chronic diseases was conducted. The research data were analyzed using χ2 tests via SPSS 21.0, and K-Means clustering and visualization of behavioral risk factors for chronic diseases across different regions were performed using R 4.4.0.

Results

A total of 14 087 valid samples were collected from the social factor survey among adult residents in Quanzhou city, analyzing five primary behavioral risk factors for chronic diseases. The prevalence rates, from highest to lowest, were insufficient intake of fresh fruits and vegetables (55.86%), overweight or obesity (48.85%), current smoking (18.49%), insufficient sleep (8.03%), and excessive alcohol consumption (6.30%). The clustering patterns of behavioral risk factors for chronic diseases in the city can be categorized into three types: low fruit and vegetable intake (72.49%), health-oriented (14.82%), and excessive smoking and drinking (12.69%).

Conclusion

The prevalence of behavioral risk factors for chronic diseases among adult residents in Quanzhou city is relatively high and exhibits distinct clustering characteristics, predominantly characterized by low fruit and vegetable intake. The proportion of individuals with healthy lifestyles is small, indicating the need for targeted public health interventions to promote healthy lifestyles for the entire population, thereby preventing the occurrence and progression of chronic diseases.

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目的

探讨泉州市成年居民慢性病危险因素流行情况及其聚类模式,为制定符合泉州不同区域慢性病防控政策及公共卫生措施提供科学依据。

方法

描述性分析慢性病行为危险因素流行情况,使用SPSS 21.0对研究数据进行χ2检验分析,使用R 4.4.0对不同地域慢性病行为危险因素进行K-Means聚类及可视化研究。

结果

泉州市成年居民社会因素调查共收集有效样本14 087例,分析了五种主要慢性病行为危险因素,其流行率由高到低依次为新鲜蔬果摄入不足率(55.86%)、超重或肥胖率(48.85%)、现在吸烟率(18.49%)、睡眠不足率(8.03%)、过量饮酒率(6.30%)。该市慢性病行为危险因素聚类模式可分为三种:蔬果少摄入型(72.49%)、趋于健康型(14.82%)和烟酒过量型(12.69%)。

结论

泉州市成年居民慢性病行为危险因素流行率较高且呈鲜明聚集性,以蔬果少摄入型为主要特征人群,享有健康生活方式群体占比少,应采取针对性公共卫生干预措施,普及全民健康生活方式,从而防止慢性病的发生发展。

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王伟明,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=Sf/Li/VThoBsGu+8scZg4w==, magXml=UfYxZxGsmrFVfpN8neRYig==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=hqLObF27gFLwohf4FakT/g==, pdfFileSize=656981, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=2yBKVgIRBsXxuwrZYgPf9A==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=60dt86PwPiW863Q0OOV91g==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

范桂生(1982—),男,本科,副主任医师,研究方向:慢性病和地方病等预防与控制

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注:Z表示危险因素经过z-score标准化后消除量纲影响,Z=0代表整体人群平均水平。

, figureFileSmall=u/F2OdWaK3cSVH7QdgDz3w==, figureFileBig=TeVS80hyfUSc2/w2ntE4aQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241081872986460703, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738482918847385, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Basic characteristics of adult residents in Quanzhou (n=14 087)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征人数构成比(%)
性别
男性5 75840.87
女性8 32959.13
年龄(岁)
18~444 35430.90
45~594 83434.32
≥604 89934.78
民族
汉族13 81898.09
其他民族2691.91
婚姻状况
未婚9636.84
已婚或同居11 64582.66
丧偶或离婚或分居1 47910.50
文化程度
文盲或半文盲4 59632.63
小学2 62218.61
初中3 51624.96
高中(含中专及技校)1 66511.82
大专及以上1 68811.98
职业
农林牧渔生产技术2 74919.52
国家机关企事业4753.37
商业服务业办事员2 21415.72
其他工作3 44224.43
现阶段无工作5 20736.96
区域
沿海9 01864.02
山区5 06935.98
), ArticleFig(id=1241081873120678445, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738482918847385, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

泉州市成年居民基本特征(n=14 087)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征人数构成比(%)
性别
男性5 75840.87
女性8 32959.13
年龄(岁)
18~444 35430.90
45~594 83434.32
≥604 89934.78
民族
汉族13 81898.09
其他民族2691.91
婚姻状况
未婚9636.84
已婚或同居11 64582.66
丧偶或离婚或分居1 47910.50
文化程度
文盲或半文盲4 59632.63
小学2 62218.61
初中3 51624.96
高中(含中专及技校)1 66511.82
大专及以上1 68811.98
职业
农林牧渔生产技术2 74919.52
国家机关企事业4753.37
商业服务业办事员2 21415.72
其他工作3 44224.43
现阶段无工作5 20736.96
区域
沿海9 01864.02
山区5 06935.98
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Prevalence of chronic disease risk factors among adult residents in Quanzhou (n=14 087)

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特征新鲜蔬果摄入不足率(%)超重或肥胖率(%)现在吸烟率(%)睡眠不足率(%)过量饮酒率(%)
性别
男性56.0150.8743.577.2113.84
女性55.7647.461.158.601.09
χ20.08815.8224 064.7238.897936.881
P0.767<0.001<0.0010.003<0.001
年龄(岁)
18~4455.21a3.90a17.41a3.93a5.37a
45~5954.51a53.23b18.91a7.99b6.56ab
≥6057.77b47.11c19.04a11.72c6.88b
χ211.5372 833.7224.934189.4319.640
P0.003<0.0010.085<0.0010.008
民族
汉族55.5948.7018.478.106.33
其他民族69.8956.8819.704.465.20
χ221.8887.0660.2674.7270.561
P<0.0010.0080.6060.0300.454
婚姻状况
未婚63.76a41.43a20.15a4.36a4.05a
已婚或同居54.85b49.56b19.29a7.76b6.86b
丧偶或离婚或分居58.69c48.14b11.16b12.51c3.38a
χ234.00923.83459.43858.84935.808
P<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001
文化程度
文盲或半文盲63.47a50.22a13.05a11.68a4.57a
小学52.82bc48.59ab19.76b7.97b6.41bc
初中49.63b49.69a24.06c6.51bc7.91b
高中(含中专及技校)51.47b48.23ab24.32c5.59cd8.29b
大专及以上57.17c44.43b13.98a3.73d5.57ac
χ2187.23017.946225.645149.77351.402
P<0.0010.001<0.001<0.001<0.001
职业
农林牧渔生产技术52.86ab45.87a23.86a7.06a7.31a
国家机关企事业50.74ab50.95ab22.53ab7.16ab9.05a
商业服务业办事员56.23a49.37ab21.05ab6.14a7.09a
其他工作52.06b48.95ab20.66b6.74a7.29a
现阶段无工作60.27c49.95b12.77c10.27b4.53b
χ276.35213.381191.10157.97546.488
P<0.0010.010<0.001<0.001<0.001
区域
沿海65.4451.2118.049.036.13
山区38.8244.6619.296.256.61
χ2932.01355.6333.37533.7851.248
P<0.001<0.0010.066<0.0010.264
合计55.8648.8518.498.036.30
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泉州市成年居民慢性病危险因素流行情况表(n=14 087)

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特征新鲜蔬果摄入不足率(%)超重或肥胖率(%)现在吸烟率(%)睡眠不足率(%)过量饮酒率(%)
性别
男性56.0150.8743.577.2113.84
女性55.7647.461.158.601.09
χ20.08815.8224 064.7238.897936.881
P0.767<0.001<0.0010.003<0.001
年龄(岁)
18~4455.21a3.90a17.41a3.93a5.37a
45~5954.51a53.23b18.91a7.99b6.56ab
≥6057.77b47.11c19.04a11.72c6.88b
χ211.5372 833.7224.934189.4319.640
P0.003<0.0010.085<0.0010.008
民族
汉族55.5948.7018.478.106.33
其他民族69.8956.8819.704.465.20
χ221.8887.0660.2674.7270.561
P<0.0010.0080.6060.0300.454
婚姻状况
未婚63.76a41.43a20.15a4.36a4.05a
已婚或同居54.85b49.56b19.29a7.76b6.86b
丧偶或离婚或分居58.69c48.14b11.16b12.51c3.38a
χ234.00923.83459.43858.84935.808
P<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001
文化程度
文盲或半文盲63.47a50.22a13.05a11.68a4.57a
小学52.82bc48.59ab19.76b7.97b6.41bc
初中49.63b49.69a24.06c6.51bc7.91b
高中(含中专及技校)51.47b48.23ab24.32c5.59cd8.29b
大专及以上57.17c44.43b13.98a3.73d5.57ac
χ2187.23017.946225.645149.77351.402
P<0.0010.001<0.001<0.001<0.001
职业
农林牧渔生产技术52.86ab45.87a23.86a7.06a7.31a
国家机关企事业50.74ab50.95ab22.53ab7.16ab9.05a
商业服务业办事员56.23a49.37ab21.05ab6.14a7.09a
其他工作52.06b48.95ab20.66b6.74a7.29a
现阶段无工作60.27c49.95b12.77c10.27b4.53b
χ276.35213.381191.10157.97546.488
P<0.0010.010<0.001<0.001<0.001
区域
沿海65.4451.2118.049.036.13
山区38.8244.6619.296.256.61
χ2932.01355.6333.37533.7851.248
P<0.001<0.0010.066<0.0010.264
合计55.8648.8518.498.036.30
), ArticleFig(id=1241081873531720278, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738482918847385, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Cluster centers of chronic disease risk factors among adult residents in Quanzhou (n=14 087)

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聚类类型人数日均新鲜蔬果摄入量ZBMIZ日均吸烟量Z日均睡眠时间Z日均酒精摄入量Z
烟酒过量型1 787-0.120.012.28-0.010.87
蔬果少摄入型10 212-0.330.02-0.350.01-0.13
趋于健康型2 0881.72-0.12-0.26-0.03-0.13
), ArticleFig(id=1241081873661743712, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738482918847385, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

泉州市成年居民慢性病危险因素聚类中心表(n=14 087)

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聚类类型人数日均新鲜蔬果摄入量ZBMIZ日均吸烟量Z日均睡眠时间Z日均酒精摄入量Z
烟酒过量型1 787-0.120.012.28-0.010.87
蔬果少摄入型10 212-0.330.02-0.350.01-0.13
趋于健康型2 0881.72-0.12-0.26-0.03-0.13
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2022—2023年泉州市成年居民慢性病行为危险因素流行情况及其聚类模式分析
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范桂生 1, 2 , 史剑锋 3 , 许霞 1, 2 , 吴蕾 1, 2 , 卢杰 1, 2 , 李锋平 1, 2 , 王伟明 1, 2
现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2025,52(9): 1562-1567
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现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2025, 52(9): 1562-1567
2022—2023年泉州市成年居民慢性病行为危险因素流行情况及其聚类模式分析
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范桂生1, 2, 史剑锋3, 许霞1, 2, 吴蕾1, 2, 卢杰1, 2, 李锋平1, 2, 王伟明1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.福建医科大学附属泉州市疾病预防控制中心,福建 泉州 362000
  • 2.泉州市疾病预防控制中心(泉州市卫生健康监督所),福建 泉州 362000
  • 3.福建医科大学公共卫生学院
  • 范桂生(1982—),男,本科,副主任医师,研究方向:慢性病和地方病等预防与控制

通讯作者:

王伟明,E-mail:
Analysis of the prevalence and clustering patterns of behavioral risk factors for chronic diseases among adult residents in Quanzhou city (2022—2023)
Gui-sheng FAN1, 2, Jian-feng SHI3, Xia XU1, 2, Lei WU1, 2, Jie LU1, 2, Feng-ping LI1, 2, Wei-ming WANG1, 2
Affiliations
  • Quanzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, China
出版时间: 2025-05-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202412135
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目的

探讨泉州市成年居民慢性病危险因素流行情况及其聚类模式,为制定符合泉州不同区域慢性病防控政策及公共卫生措施提供科学依据。

方法

描述性分析慢性病行为危险因素流行情况,使用SPSS 21.0对研究数据进行χ2检验分析,使用R 4.4.0对不同地域慢性病行为危险因素进行K-Means聚类及可视化研究。

结果

泉州市成年居民社会因素调查共收集有效样本14 087例,分析了五种主要慢性病行为危险因素,其流行率由高到低依次为新鲜蔬果摄入不足率(55.86%)、超重或肥胖率(48.85%)、现在吸烟率(18.49%)、睡眠不足率(8.03%)、过量饮酒率(6.30%)。该市慢性病行为危险因素聚类模式可分为三种:蔬果少摄入型(72.49%)、趋于健康型(14.82%)和烟酒过量型(12.69%)。

结论

泉州市成年居民慢性病行为危险因素流行率较高且呈鲜明聚集性,以蔬果少摄入型为主要特征人群,享有健康生活方式群体占比少,应采取针对性公共卫生干预措施,普及全民健康生活方式,从而防止慢性病的发生发展。

慢性病  /  行为危险因素  /  流行情况  /  聚类模式
Objective

To investigate the prevalence of behavioral risk factors for chronic diseases among adult residents in Quanzhou city and their clustering patterns, providing a scientific basis for developing chronic disease prevention and control policies and public health measures tailored to different regions of Quanzhou.

Methods

A descriptive analysis of the prevalence of behavioral risk factors for chronic diseases was conducted. The research data were analyzed using χ2 tests via SPSS 21.0, and K-Means clustering and visualization of behavioral risk factors for chronic diseases across different regions were performed using R 4.4.0.

Results

A total of 14 087 valid samples were collected from the social factor survey among adult residents in Quanzhou city, analyzing five primary behavioral risk factors for chronic diseases. The prevalence rates, from highest to lowest, were insufficient intake of fresh fruits and vegetables (55.86%), overweight or obesity (48.85%), current smoking (18.49%), insufficient sleep (8.03%), and excessive alcohol consumption (6.30%). The clustering patterns of behavioral risk factors for chronic diseases in the city can be categorized into three types: low fruit and vegetable intake (72.49%), health-oriented (14.82%), and excessive smoking and drinking (12.69%).

Conclusion

The prevalence of behavioral risk factors for chronic diseases among adult residents in Quanzhou city is relatively high and exhibits distinct clustering characteristics, predominantly characterized by low fruit and vegetable intake. The proportion of individuals with healthy lifestyles is small, indicating the need for targeted public health interventions to promote healthy lifestyles for the entire population, thereby preventing the occurrence and progression of chronic diseases.

Chronic diseases  /  Behavioral risk factors  /  Prevalence  /  Clustering patterns
范桂生, 史剑锋, 许霞, 吴蕾, 卢杰, 李锋平, 王伟明. 2022—2023年泉州市成年居民慢性病行为危险因素流行情况及其聚类模式分析. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (9) : 1562 -1567 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202412135
Gui-sheng FAN, Jian-feng SHI, Xia XU, Lei WU, Jie LU, Feng-ping LI, Wei-ming WANG. Analysis of the prevalence and clustering patterns of behavioral risk factors for chronic diseases among adult residents in Quanzhou city (2022—2023)[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (9) : 1562 -1567 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202412135
随着人口老龄化及城镇化、工业化进程的加快[1]和相关危险因素对慢性病发病的影响[2],我国以心脑血管疾病、糖尿病、癌症、慢性呼吸系统疾病等为主的慢性病患者及其死亡比例不断升高,2019年我国慢性病导致的死亡占总死亡比例的88.5%[3],防控形式严峻。而慢性病的发生发展与多种危险因素关系密切,往往是“一因多果、一果多因、多因多果、互为因果”,且这些因素往往以一种或多种方式聚集在一起,形成慢性病危险因素的聚类模式[4-6]。开展人群慢性病危险因素流行情况及其聚类模式研究,可为制定符合泉州市人群特征的健康政策及公共卫生措施提供科学依据,同时对闽南地区乃至整个福建省的慢性病预防控制工作具有重要参考价值。
于2022—2023年在泉州市丰泽区、泉州台商投资区、惠安县、永春县、德化县、晋江市、南安市和石狮市等8个已建成或在建慢性病综合防控示范区(简称调查县)开展社会因素调查,旨在调查与当地居民慢性病相关的生活方式、心理状况和环境因素等。
样本抽样采用多阶段整群随机抽样方法。第1阶段在调查县内用人口比例概率抽样方法(probability proportional to size,PPS)抽取6个乡镇(街道);第2阶段在抽取的乡镇(街道)用PPS抽取3个村(社区);第3阶段在抽取的村(社区)采取简单随机抽样抽取2个居民小组,再随机抽取50户作为调查户;第4阶段运用基什选择网格法确定调查户内的调查对象。
调查对象为18岁以上成年人,并排除了残障人士(主要存在认知或语言等影响沟通的障碍)、孕妇等可能影响调查结果的居民。共调查14 640人,经排除无效项、错项等逻辑校验清洗后,最终纳入统计样本共14 087人,有效率达96.22%。所有调查对象均签署了知情同意书,研究通过泉州市疾病预防控制中心伦理审查委员会批准,编号:泉疾控伦理审查[2024](005)。
调查主要分问卷调查和体格检查,其中问卷调查部分采用中国居民慢性病及危险因素监测标准问卷,包含被调查者的基本信息、患病史、吸烟状况、饮酒状况、睡眠情况和膳食情况等;体格检查主要包含被调查者的身高、体重等。
新鲜蔬果摄入不足、超重或肥胖、吸烟、睡眠时间不足以及过量饮酒这五个因素已被大量研究证实与慢性病的发生发展密切相关,且在我国成年人群中具有较高的普遍性和公共卫生影响。因此,本研究提取了上述五个因素开展慢性病危险因素流行情况研究,并利用K-Means聚类(又称K均值聚类,旨在将n个个体通过不同变量特征划分为k个集群,每个集群个体变量观察值趋近集群中心[7-9])探究泉州市成年居民慢性病危险因素聚类模式。
新鲜蔬果摄入不足:日均新鲜蔬果摄入<400g[10];超重或肥胖:参照《中国成人超重和肥胖预防控制指南(2021)》[11]等相关标准,将24.0 kg/cm2 ≤身体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)<28.0 kg/cm2定义为超重,将BMI≥28.0kg/ cm2定义为肥胖;现在吸烟:包含每日吸烟与非每日吸烟;过量饮酒:男性酒精摄入量≥25 g/d,女性酒精摄入量≥15 g/d[12];睡眠不足:睡眠时间<6 h/d[13]
采用SPSS 21.0和R 4.4.0软件进行统计分析。计数资料采用频数和率进行统计描述,组间比较采用χ2检验,并对多组比较差异有统计学意义的进行两两比较。对泉州市成年居民的慢性病危险因素进行Z-score标准化消除量纲处理,并进行K-Means聚类分析,绘制可视化雷达图。检验水准α=0.05。
共调查泉州市18岁以上成年居民14 087人,其中,男性5 758人,占40.87%,女性8 329人,占59.13%;年龄18~44岁、45~59岁和≥60岁人群分别占30.90%、34.32%、34.78%;以汉族、已婚或同居人群为主。见表1
泉州市成年居民五种主要慢性病行为危险因素,其流行率由高到低分别是:新鲜蔬果摄入不足率(55.86%)、超重或肥胖率(48.85%)、现在吸烟率(18.49%)、睡眠不足率(8.03%)、过量饮酒率(6.30%)。其中,≥60岁、其他民族、未婚、文盲或半文盲、现阶段无工作和沿海人群的新鲜蔬果摄入不足率较高(均P<0.05)。男性、45~59岁和沿海人群的超重或肥胖率较高(均P<0.05),汉族和未婚人群的较低(均P<0.05)。女性、丧偶或离婚或分居、现阶段无工作群体的现在吸烟率较低(均P<0.05)。女性、≥60岁、汉族、丧偶或离婚或分居、文盲或半文盲、沿海人群的睡眠不足率较高(均P<0.05)。男性、≥60岁、已婚或同居人群的过量饮酒率较高(均P<0.05),现阶段无工作群体的较低P<0.05)。见表2
聚类模式分为三组:蔬果少摄入型(72.49%)、趋于健康型(14.82%)、烟酒过量型(12.69%)。烟酒过量型人群日均吸烟量及日均酒精摄入量均高于人群平均水平;蔬果少摄入型的日均新鲜蔬果摄入量为三组中最低水平;趋于健康型的日均新鲜蔬果摄入量为三组中最高水平,且日均吸烟量与日均酒精摄入量低于人群平均水平。见表3图1
不良生活方式是威胁全球和我国居民健康的最主要原因,在慢性病致病因素中,生活方式占60%[14]。对泉州市成年居民慢性病危险因素进行聚类模式分析后发现,趋于健康型人数约占15%,可见该市受益于健康生活方式的群体只占少数,应考虑进一步强化全民健康生活方式行动,多层次多方面入手,持续优化医疗资源配置,重视重点人群的健康管理,进而有效控制慢性病的发生发展。
泉州市成年居民五个主要慢性病行为危险因素流行率最高的是新鲜蔬果摄入不足,与之相对应的蔬果少摄入型也是占比最高的聚类模式,该结果与云南[4]、陕西[15]相关研究结果相同,但新鲜蔬果摄入不足率较两地低,而高于全国及华东地区平均水平[16]。该市居民新鲜蔬果摄入不足以文盲或半文盲群体、现阶段无工作群体多见,正好反面验证了“对健康知识的了解掌握程度越高,健康意识越强,社会经济水平越高的居民更容易形成较良好的饮食习惯,摄入较多的绿色蔬果[17]”。提示在膳食干预方面应更加关注低收入、低教育程度人群。
超重或肥胖位居泉州市成年居民慢性病危险因素的第二,接近于2020年全国平均水平[18],但高于云南[4]、陕西[14]、成都[19]等地区水平。就泉州居民而言,男性高于女性,与南京[20]的相关研究相似,且以未婚人群少见,可能与未婚人群更注重形体管理有关。同时,可能与沿海地区较快的生活、工作节奏有关。
现在吸烟和过量饮酒分别处在泉州市成年居民慢性病危险因素的第三和第五位,也形成了泉州市成年居民烟酒过量型聚类模式。该型以吸烟、喝酒为主要特征,成年男性群体现在吸烟率、过量饮酒率显著高于女性,是“烟酒过量型”的主要群体。这一现象可能与男性在社交场合中倾向于吸烟和饮酒、工作压力较大以及文化认同感等因素相关[21]。今后,关于烟酒危害知识、禁烟限酒、倡导健康生活方式的普及应该以男性人群为重点。
睡眠不足也是泉州市成年居民的重要慢性病行为危险因素。本研究发现,研究人群中各分类群体的睡眠不足率均低于15%,但女性和≥60岁老年群体的睡眠不足率较高。这与以往研究一致,女性因生理周期及家庭负担等因素容易出现睡眠问题[22-23],而老年人群体因生理、心理及环境因素的综合影响,往往面临较大的睡眠障碍[24]。因此,对这些群体的健康干预需重点关注改善睡眠质量。
该研究仅分析五种重要慢性病行为危险因素,覆盖范围较小,存在一定局限性。同时研究采用的K—Means聚类可扩展性及可实现性均较高,但由于簇数的选定判定较为主观,不排除存在极值干扰或存在他解的情况。但本研究阐明了当前泉州市成年居民主要的慢性病行为危险因素及其聚类模式,具有较高的利用价值,可为制定针对性的健康政策、采取有效的公共卫生措施提供参考依据。
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2025年第52卷第9期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202412135
  • 接收时间:2024-12-12
  • 首发时间:2026-03-17
  • 出版时间:2025-05-10
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  • 收稿日期:2024-12-12
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    1.福建医科大学附属泉州市疾病预防控制中心,福建 泉州 362000
    2.泉州市疾病预防控制中心(泉州市卫生健康监督所),福建 泉州 362000
    3.福建医科大学公共卫生学院

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Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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