Article(id=1240738482189029776, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240738480549065614, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202411061, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1730822400000, receivedDateStr=2024-11-06, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773744705960, onlineDateStr=2026-03-17, pubDate=1746806400000, pubDateStr=2025-05-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773744705960, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773744705960, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773744705960, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240738480549065614, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='9', pageStart='1537', pageEnd='1728', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773744705569, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773744787657, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1240738824918192654, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240738480549065614, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1240738824922386959, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240738480549065614, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1550, endPage=1555, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240738482478436757, articleId=1240738482189029776, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Research on the construction of a stroke risk scoring tool for middle-aged and elderly Chinese people based on the evidence-based and empirical causal framework, columnId=1240413921954295836, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Epidemiology and Statistical Methods, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To construct a stroke risk scoring tool for middle - aged and elderly Chinese people based on meta-analysis and physical examination data from primary medical institutions.

Methods

Cohort studies on risk factors for stroke onset in the Chinese population were retrieved, and predictive factors were determined through meta-analysis. Referring to the construction method of the Framingham 10-year risk scoring tool, a stroke risk scoring tool for middle-aged and elderly Chinese people was established. The Kailuan cohort and the Hongguang physical examination cohort were used as external validation populations. Indicators such as the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve, sensitivity, and specificity were used to evaluate the predictive efficacy of the scoring tool.

Results

Thirty-eight studies were included in the meta-analysis, and finally 14 factors were identified as stroke predictive factors: old age, male gender, underweight, overweight, obesity, stage 1 hypertension, history of hypertension, history of diabetes, high total cholesterol, high triglycerides, low-level high-density lipoprotein, history of atrial fibrillation, family history of stroke, and current smoking. The Kailuan cohort included 137 501 people, and 2 351 cases of stroke occurred during the follow-up period. The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.74 (95%CI:0.73-0.75), the sensitivity was 0.78 (95%CI: 0.77-0.80), and the specificity was 0.59 (95%CI: 0.58-0.59). The Hongguang physical examination cohort included 7 194 subjects, and 927 people had strokes during the follow-up period. The AUC was 0.61 (95%CI: 0.59-0.63), and the sensitivity and specificity were 0.52 (95%CI: 0.50-0.56) and 0.65 (95%CI: 0.64-0.66),respectively.

Conclusion

The stroke risk scoring tool has good predictive efficacy in middle-aged and elderly people undergoing physical examinations. It has high feasibility for popularization and application in primary medical institutions, can help identify high-risk populations for stroke, and provide a basis for stroke prevention and intervention strategies.

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目的

基于meta分析和基层医疗机构体检数据,构建中国中老年人卒中风险评分工具。

方法

检索中国人群卒中发病危险因素队列研究,通过meta分析确定预测因子;参考弗明汉10年风险评分工具的构建方法,建立中国中老年人群的卒中风险评分工具;以开滦队列、红光体检队列为外部验证人群,采用受试者工作特征(receiver operator characteristic, ROC)曲线、灵敏度、特异度等指标评价评分工具的预测效能。

结果

38篇研究纳入meta分析,最终有14个因素为卒中预测因子:年龄大、男性、体重过轻、超重、肥胖、高血压1期、高血压史、糖尿病史、高总胆固醇、高甘油三酯、低水平高密度脂蛋白、房颤史、卒中家族史和当前吸烟。开滦队列纳入137 501人,随访期间发生2 351例卒中,曲线下面积(area under curve, AUC)为0.74(95%CI:0.73~0.75),灵敏度为0.78(95%CI:0.77~0.80),特异度为0.59(95%CI:0.58~0.59);红光体检队列纳入对象7 194名,随访期间有927人发生卒中,AUC为0.61(95%CI:0.59~0.63),灵敏度和特异度分别为0.52(95%CI:0.50~0.56)、0.65(95%CI:0.64~0.66)。

结论

卒中风险评分工具在中老年体检人群中具有较好的预测效能,在基层医疗机构推广应用可行性高,可帮助识别卒中高风险人群,为卒中预防和干预策略提供依据。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
冯琬婷,E-mail:
吴寿岭,E-mail:;冯琬婷与吴寿岭为共同通信作者
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=H6BoqWfVeRODZmvYrl4t3A==, magXml=Az8IFEYd00un5kzuay46MQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=9ut9kqqGWwIUuG+OayGD2Q==, pdfFileSize=885346, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=YQ7RrMj9UDkEavvzYAazpQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=Bm17J9RoOgyhL9OzBFT5zg==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

沈明辉(1981—),男,硕士,工程师,研究方向:数字健康医学人工智能,健康医疗大数据

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沈明辉(1981—),男,硕士,工程师,研究方向:数字健康医学人工智能,健康医疗大数据

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Nutrition, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases, 2022, 32(5): 1202-1209., articleTitle=Association between visceral adiposity index and incident stroke: Data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241081881198908301, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738482189029776, awardId=2024ZYD0102, language=CN, fundingSource=四川省科技计划项目-中央引导地方科技发展项目(2024ZYD0102), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241081881299571600, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738482189029776, awardId=2022YFS0055, language=CN, fundingSource=四川省科学技术厅项目(2022YFS0055), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241081881387651988, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738482189029776, awardId=2024-YF05-01784-SN, language=CN, fundingSource=成都市科技局项目(2024-YF05-01784-SN), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241081865105363122, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738482189029776, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241081865113751731, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738482189029776, companyId=1241081865105363122, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Sichuan Health Information Center, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241081865130528949, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738482189029776, companyId=1241081865105363122, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.四川省卫生健康信息中心,四川 成都 610041)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241081865268940985, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738482189029776, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241081865281523898, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738482189029776, companyId=1241081865268940985, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.开滦总医院心内科,河北 唐山 063003)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241081865562542275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738482189029776, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241081865575125190, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738482189029776, companyId=1241081865562542275, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.哈尔滨医科大学第二附属医院 黑龙江省泛血管疾病重点实验室)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241081866988605640, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738482189029776, xref=4., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241081867005382859, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738482189029776, companyId=1241081866988605640, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/四川大学华西第四医院,四川 成都 610041)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241081877872825119, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738482189029776, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Literature screening process and results, figureFileSmall=oMRVYup/CADuvq9mK15Vng==, figureFileBig=T7km8aaLyhnsTmXq7QXNpg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241081878019625769, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738482189029776, language=CN, label=图1, caption=文献筛选流程及结果, figureFileSmall=oMRVYup/CADuvq9mK15Vng==, figureFileBig=T7km8aaLyhnsTmXq7QXNpg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241081878447444800, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738482189029776, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Forest plot of risk factors for stroke in the Chinese population, figureFileSmall=8NHI1+TKmGO1/WsjUhoCvA==, figureFileBig=I0uIgeROkPZ8BG8HxX96uA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241081878560691021, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738482189029776, language=CN, label=图2, caption=中国人群卒中发病危险因素的meta分析森林图

注:体重过轻,BMI<18.5 kg/m2;超重,BMI 24~28 kg/m2;肥胖,BMI≥28 kg/m2;中心性肥胖,男性腰围>90 cm,女性>80 cm;收缩压、舒张压单位为每升高10 mm Hg;血压升高,120≤SBP≤129 mm Hg和DBP<80 mm Hg;高血压1期,130≤SBP≤139 mm Hg或80≤DBP≤89 mm Hg;高血压,经医生明确诊断为高血压或接受降压治疗;糖尿病,经医生明确诊断为糖尿病或接受降糖治疗;高总胆固醇(TC),TC≥6.22 mmol/L;高甘油三酯(TG),TG≥1.7 mmol/L;低水平高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C),男性<1.03 mmol/L,女性<1.29 mmol/L;卒中家族史,一级或二级亲属曾发生卒中。

, figureFileSmall=8NHI1+TKmGO1/WsjUhoCvA==, figureFileBig=I0uIgeROkPZ8BG8HxX96uA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241081878699103055, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738482189029776, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=ROC curves for stroke risk prediction in the Kailuan Cohort (left) and the Hongguang Elderly Health Examination Cohort (right), figureFileSmall=EvpmTCiL/4NDwLqK/p9TZw==, figureFileBig=Rl357ubsgpWzgFBVfk7jsA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241081878850098010, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738482189029776, language=CN, label=图3, caption=开滦队列(左)和红光体检队列(右)卒中风险预测ROC曲线, figureFileSmall=EvpmTCiL/4NDwLqK/p9TZw==, figureFileBig=Rl357ubsgpWzgFBVfk7jsA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241081878971732833, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738482189029776, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Stroke risk score

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
影响因素分组分值
年龄(岁)30~39,40~49,50~59,60~
69,70~80,80及以上
0,1,2,3,
4,5
性别女性,男性0,1
BMI体重过轻,正常,超重,肥胖-1,0,0.5,1
高血压1期否,是0,1
高血压否,是0,2
糖尿病否,是0,1
高TC否,是0,0.5
高TG否,是0,1
低水平HDL-C否,是0,0.5
房颤疾病史无,有0,2.5
卒中家族史无,有0,1.5
当前吸烟否,是0,0.5
), ArticleFig(id=1241081880473293670, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738482189029776, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

卒中风险评分表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
影响因素分组分值
年龄(岁)30~39,40~49,50~59,60~
69,70~80,80及以上
0,1,2,3,
4,5
性别女性,男性0,1
BMI体重过轻,正常,超重,肥胖-1,0,0.5,1
高血压1期否,是0,1
高血压否,是0,2
糖尿病否,是0,1
高TC否,是0,0.5
高TG否,是0,1
低水平HDL-C否,是0,0.5
房颤疾病史无,有0,2.5
卒中家族史无,有0,1.5
当前吸烟否,是0,0.5
), ArticleFig(id=1241081880586539890, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738482189029776, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Baseline characteristics of subjects for model verification [($ \bar{x} \pm s$),n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量开滦队列红光体检队列
总人群(n=137 501)卒中发病总人群(n=7 194)卒中发病
未发病(n=135 150)发病(n=2 351)未发病(n=6 267)发病(n=927)
年龄ab(岁)50.4±12.250.3±12.259.8±10.365.92±8.3065.40±8.3169.45±7.27
性别ab
26 012 (18.92)25 757 (19.06)255 (10.85)4 081 (56.73)3 519 (56.15)562 (60.63)
111 489 (81.08)109 393 (80.94)2 096 (89.15)3 113 (43.27)2 748 (43.85)365 (39.37)
BMIa25.0±3.425.0±3.425.6±3.424.37±3.2324.38±3.2124.30±3.40
收缩压ab(mm Hg)130.5±20.2130.2±20.0146.0±24.1138.09±17.33137.84±17.30139.78±17.43
舒张压a(mm Hg)83.6±11.583.5±11.489.8±13.682.55±10.4082.59±10.5282.28±9.57
TCa(mmol/L)
正常123 483 (89.81)121 448 (89.86)2 035 (86.56)6 369 (88.53)5 548 (88.53)821 (88.57)
高TC14 018 (10.19)13 702 (10.14)316 (13.44)825 (11.47)719 (11.47)106 (11.43)
TGa(mmol/L)
正常93 696 (68.14)92 192 (68.21)1 504 (63.97)4 918 (68.36)4 295 (68.53)623 (67.21)
高TG43 805 (31.86)42 958 (31.79)847 (36.03)2 276 (31.64)1 972 (31.47)304 (32.79)
HDL-Ca(mmol/L)
正常121 204 (88.15)119 092 (88.12)2 112 (89.83)5 916 (82.24)5 155 (82.26)761 (82.09)
低HDL-C16 297 (11.85)16 058 (11.88)239 (10.17)1 278 (17.76)1 112 (17.74)166 (17.91)
高血压患病ab
80 112 (58.26)79 437 (58.78)675 (28.71)2 647 (36.79)2 372 (37.85)275 (29.67)
57 389 (41.74)55 713 (41.22)1 676 (71.29)4 547 (63.21)3 895 (62.15)652 (70.33)
糖尿病患病a
124 999 (90.91)123 103 (91.09)1 896 (80.65)5 804 (80.68)5 059 (80.72)745 (80.37)
12 502 (9.09)12 047 (8.91)455 (19.35)1 390 (19.32)1 208 (19.28)182 (19.63)
房颤疾病史ab
136 998 (99.63)134 685 (99.66)2 313 (98.38)6 997 (97.26)6 149 (98.12)848 (91.48)
503 (0.37)465 (0.34)38 (1.62)197 (2.74)118 (1.88)79 (8.52)
当前吸烟a
81 712 (59.43)80 368 (59.47)1 344 (57.17)6 132 (85.24)5 325 (84.97)807 (87.06)
55 789 (40.57)54 782 (40.53)1 007 (42.83)1 062 (14.76)942 (15.03)120 (12.94)
卒中家族史
130 727 (95.07)128 473 (95.06)2 254 (95.87)7 089 (98.54)6 176 (98.55)913 (98.49)
6 774 (4.93)6 677 (4.94)97 (4.13)105 (1.46)91 (1.45)14 (1.51)
), ArticleFig(id=1241081880750117751, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738482189029776, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

模型验证人群基线特征表[($ \bar{x} \pm s$),n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量开滦队列红光体检队列
总人群(n=137 501)卒中发病总人群(n=7 194)卒中发病
未发病(n=135 150)发病(n=2 351)未发病(n=6 267)发病(n=927)
年龄ab(岁)50.4±12.250.3±12.259.8±10.365.92±8.3065.40±8.3169.45±7.27
性别ab
26 012 (18.92)25 757 (19.06)255 (10.85)4 081 (56.73)3 519 (56.15)562 (60.63)
111 489 (81.08)109 393 (80.94)2 096 (89.15)3 113 (43.27)2 748 (43.85)365 (39.37)
BMIa25.0±3.425.0±3.425.6±3.424.37±3.2324.38±3.2124.30±3.40
收缩压ab(mm Hg)130.5±20.2130.2±20.0146.0±24.1138.09±17.33137.84±17.30139.78±17.43
舒张压a(mm Hg)83.6±11.583.5±11.489.8±13.682.55±10.4082.59±10.5282.28±9.57
TCa(mmol/L)
正常123 483 (89.81)121 448 (89.86)2 035 (86.56)6 369 (88.53)5 548 (88.53)821 (88.57)
高TC14 018 (10.19)13 702 (10.14)316 (13.44)825 (11.47)719 (11.47)106 (11.43)
TGa(mmol/L)
正常93 696 (68.14)92 192 (68.21)1 504 (63.97)4 918 (68.36)4 295 (68.53)623 (67.21)
高TG43 805 (31.86)42 958 (31.79)847 (36.03)2 276 (31.64)1 972 (31.47)304 (32.79)
HDL-Ca(mmol/L)
正常121 204 (88.15)119 092 (88.12)2 112 (89.83)5 916 (82.24)5 155 (82.26)761 (82.09)
低HDL-C16 297 (11.85)16 058 (11.88)239 (10.17)1 278 (17.76)1 112 (17.74)166 (17.91)
高血压患病ab
80 112 (58.26)79 437 (58.78)675 (28.71)2 647 (36.79)2 372 (37.85)275 (29.67)
57 389 (41.74)55 713 (41.22)1 676 (71.29)4 547 (63.21)3 895 (62.15)652 (70.33)
糖尿病患病a
124 999 (90.91)123 103 (91.09)1 896 (80.65)5 804 (80.68)5 059 (80.72)745 (80.37)
12 502 (9.09)12 047 (8.91)455 (19.35)1 390 (19.32)1 208 (19.28)182 (19.63)
房颤疾病史ab
136 998 (99.63)134 685 (99.66)2 313 (98.38)6 997 (97.26)6 149 (98.12)848 (91.48)
503 (0.37)465 (0.34)38 (1.62)197 (2.74)118 (1.88)79 (8.52)
当前吸烟a
81 712 (59.43)80 368 (59.47)1 344 (57.17)6 132 (85.24)5 325 (84.97)807 (87.06)
55 789 (40.57)54 782 (40.53)1 007 (42.83)1 062 (14.76)942 (15.03)120 (12.94)
卒中家族史
130 727 (95.07)128 473 (95.06)2 254 (95.87)7 089 (98.54)6 176 (98.55)913 (98.49)
6 774 (4.93)6 677 (4.94)97 (4.13)105 (1.46)91 (1.45)14 (1.51)
), ArticleFig(id=1241081880859169661, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738482189029776, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Comparison of validation results between the Kailuan Cohort and Hongguang Elderly Health Examination Cohort

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验证人群AUC (95%CI)灵敏度 (95%CI)特异度 (95%CI)准确率最佳截断值
=开滦队列0.74 (0.73~0.75)0.78 (0.77~0.80)0.59 (0.58~0.59)0.595.25
红光体检队列0.61 (0.59~0.63)0.52 (0.50~0.56)0.65 (0.64~0.66)0.636.75
), ArticleFig(id=1241081880976610178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738482189029776, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

开滦队列与红光体检队列验证结果对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
验证人群AUC (95%CI)灵敏度 (95%CI)特异度 (95%CI)准确率最佳截断值
=开滦队列0.74 (0.73~0.75)0.78 (0.77~0.80)0.59 (0.58~0.59)0.595.25
红光体检队列0.61 (0.59~0.63)0.52 (0.50~0.56)0.65 (0.64~0.66)0.636.75
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基于循证-实证因果框架构建中国中老年人卒中发病风险评分工具研究
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沈明辉 1 , 金成 2, 3 , 韩昕玥 4 , 陈硕华 2 , 兑欣阳 4 , 杨楠 4 , 刘小雪 4 , 胡梦婕 4 , 的机卓玛 4 , 杨会芳 4 , 滕屹霖 4 , 马天佩 4 , 肖金雨 4 , 冯琬婷 4 , 吴寿岭 2 , 张韬 4 , 李佳圆 4
现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2025,52(9): 1550-1555
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现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2025, 52(9): 1550-1555
基于循证-实证因果框架构建中国中老年人卒中发病风险评分工具研究
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沈明辉1, 金成2, 3, 韩昕玥4, 陈硕华2, 兑欣阳4, 杨楠4, 刘小雪4, 胡梦婕4, 的机卓玛4, 杨会芳4, 滕屹霖4, 马天佩4, 肖金雨4, 冯琬婷4 , 吴寿岭2 , 张韬4, 李佳圆4
作者信息
  • 1.四川省卫生健康信息中心,四川 成都 610041
  • 2.开滦总医院心内科,河北 唐山 063003
  • 3.哈尔滨医科大学第二附属医院 黑龙江省泛血管疾病重点实验室
  • 4.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/四川大学华西第四医院,四川 成都 610041
  • 沈明辉(1981—),男,硕士,工程师,研究方向:数字健康医学人工智能,健康医疗大数据

通讯作者:

冯琬婷,E-mail:
吴寿岭,E-mail:;冯琬婷与吴寿岭为共同通信作者
Research on the construction of a stroke risk scoring tool for middle-aged and elderly Chinese people based on the evidence-based and empirical causal framework
Ming-hui SHEN1, Cheng JIN2, 3, Xin-yue HAN4, Shuo-hua CHEN2, Xin-yang DUI4, Nan YANG4, Xiao-xue LIU4, Meng-jie HU4, DEJI Zhuo-ma4, Hui-fang YANG4, Yi-lin TENG4, Tian-pei MA4, Jin-yu XIAO4, Wan-ting FENG4 , Shou-ling WU2 , Tao ZHANG4, Jia-yuan LI4
Affiliations
  • Sichuan Health Information Center, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
出版时间: 2025-05-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202411061
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目的

基于meta分析和基层医疗机构体检数据,构建中国中老年人卒中风险评分工具。

方法

检索中国人群卒中发病危险因素队列研究,通过meta分析确定预测因子;参考弗明汉10年风险评分工具的构建方法,建立中国中老年人群的卒中风险评分工具;以开滦队列、红光体检队列为外部验证人群,采用受试者工作特征(receiver operator characteristic, ROC)曲线、灵敏度、特异度等指标评价评分工具的预测效能。

结果

38篇研究纳入meta分析,最终有14个因素为卒中预测因子:年龄大、男性、体重过轻、超重、肥胖、高血压1期、高血压史、糖尿病史、高总胆固醇、高甘油三酯、低水平高密度脂蛋白、房颤史、卒中家族史和当前吸烟。开滦队列纳入137 501人,随访期间发生2 351例卒中,曲线下面积(area under curve, AUC)为0.74(95%CI:0.73~0.75),灵敏度为0.78(95%CI:0.77~0.80),特异度为0.59(95%CI:0.58~0.59);红光体检队列纳入对象7 194名,随访期间有927人发生卒中,AUC为0.61(95%CI:0.59~0.63),灵敏度和特异度分别为0.52(95%CI:0.50~0.56)、0.65(95%CI:0.64~0.66)。

结论

卒中风险评分工具在中老年体检人群中具有较好的预测效能,在基层医疗机构推广应用可行性高,可帮助识别卒中高风险人群,为卒中预防和干预策略提供依据。

卒中  /  风险预测  /  中老年
Objective

To construct a stroke risk scoring tool for middle - aged and elderly Chinese people based on meta-analysis and physical examination data from primary medical institutions.

Methods

Cohort studies on risk factors for stroke onset in the Chinese population were retrieved, and predictive factors were determined through meta-analysis. Referring to the construction method of the Framingham 10-year risk scoring tool, a stroke risk scoring tool for middle-aged and elderly Chinese people was established. The Kailuan cohort and the Hongguang physical examination cohort were used as external validation populations. Indicators such as the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve, sensitivity, and specificity were used to evaluate the predictive efficacy of the scoring tool.

Results

Thirty-eight studies were included in the meta-analysis, and finally 14 factors were identified as stroke predictive factors: old age, male gender, underweight, overweight, obesity, stage 1 hypertension, history of hypertension, history of diabetes, high total cholesterol, high triglycerides, low-level high-density lipoprotein, history of atrial fibrillation, family history of stroke, and current smoking. The Kailuan cohort included 137 501 people, and 2 351 cases of stroke occurred during the follow-up period. The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.74 (95%CI:0.73-0.75), the sensitivity was 0.78 (95%CI: 0.77-0.80), and the specificity was 0.59 (95%CI: 0.58-0.59). The Hongguang physical examination cohort included 7 194 subjects, and 927 people had strokes during the follow-up period. The AUC was 0.61 (95%CI: 0.59-0.63), and the sensitivity and specificity were 0.52 (95%CI: 0.50-0.56) and 0.65 (95%CI: 0.64-0.66),respectively.

Conclusion

The stroke risk scoring tool has good predictive efficacy in middle-aged and elderly people undergoing physical examinations. It has high feasibility for popularization and application in primary medical institutions, can help identify high-risk populations for stroke, and provide a basis for stroke prevention and intervention strategies.

Stroke  /  Risk prediction  /  Middle-aged and elderly
沈明辉, 金成, 韩昕玥, 陈硕华, 兑欣阳, 杨楠, 刘小雪, 胡梦婕, 的机卓玛, 杨会芳, 滕屹霖, 马天佩, 肖金雨, 冯琬婷, 吴寿岭, 张韬, 李佳圆. 基于循证-实证因果框架构建中国中老年人卒中发病风险评分工具研究. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (9) : 1550 -1555 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202411061
Ming-hui SHEN, Cheng JIN, Xin-yue HAN, Shuo-hua CHEN, Xin-yang DUI, Nan YANG, Xiao-xue LIU, Meng-jie HU, DEJI Zhuo-ma, Hui-fang YANG, Yi-lin TENG, Tian-pei MA, Jin-yu XIAO, Wan-ting FENG, Shou-ling WU, Tao ZHANG, Jia-yuan LI. Research on the construction of a stroke risk scoring tool for middle-aged and elderly Chinese people based on the evidence-based and empirical causal framework[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (9) : 1550 -1555 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202411061
卒中已成为国内位居首位的过早死亡原因[1],预后较差,因此卒中的预防至关重要。风险评估是识别高危人群的有效工具,目前国内常见的卒中风险预测工具包括改良的弗明汉卒中量表、汇集队列方程、Essen脑卒中风险评分量表等[2],但大多数工具源自国外,应用于中国人适用性存疑,且预测因子的筛选和风险值会受到建模人群特征和研究设计的影响,有必要开发适合中国老年人的卒中预测工具。老年人健康体检服务是我国基本公共卫生服务(简称基公卫)的重要内容,对于基层医疗机构和个人,健康体检资料方便易得,具有较好的连续性。因此,基于基公卫体检条目进行疾病的风险预测,便于基层卫生服务人员早期识别重点人群,实现早期干预和精准健康管理。本研究通过meta分析,汇总中国队列研究重要卒中风险因素,结合基公卫体检条目构建中国中老年人卒中风险评分工具,并在开滦队列、红光体检队列中展开验证,以期为卒中一级预防提供科学依据。
通过计算机检索中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台、PubMed、EMbase、Medline、Web of Science数据库中国人群卒中发病危险因素的相关研究,检索时限从建库至2023年7月。主题词与自由词相结合,中文检索词为“卒中”“危险因素”“队列研究”等,英文检索词为“stroke”“cohort study”“risk factor”“Chinese”等,语种限制中文和英文。meta分析已完成PROSPERO注册,注册号CRD42024491143。
纳入标准:(1)大样本(样本量≥500)队列研究;(2)仅针对中老年人的研究少,故纳入≥30岁人群的研究;(3)结局:经专业医疗机构诊断的卒中,包括缺血和出血性卒中;(4)常见发病风险因素研究,提供风险比(hazard ratio, HR)或相对危险比(relative risk, RR)及其95%置信区间(CI)。排除标准:(1)特殊人群研究,如青少年、孕妇等;(2)综述、文献评述、会议摘要;(3)研究因素无法从基础体检资料获得,如遗传生物标志物等。
资料提取包括第一作者、年份、研究地、随访时长、样本量、研究对象年龄、研究因素及定义、调整混杂后影响因素的效应值及其95%CI。质量评价采用纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表(NOS),得分6分以下认为是低质量文献,不纳入分析。数据提取和质量评价均由两名研究者独立完成,若有分歧则通过协商或征求第三方意见。
采用R 4.3.3软件进行meta分析,合并各危险因素效应值。通过Q检验、I2指数判断各研究之间的异质性,I2<50%或Q检验P>0.1,认为异质性较小,采用固定效应模型,反之采用随机效应模型。研究因素的效应值95%CI未跨过1者被纳入评分工具构建。
在开滦队列、红光老年人群健康体检队列(简称红光体检队列)中验证评分工具效能。开滦队列是在河北唐山基于开滦集团职工的一项长期的大型前瞻性队列,每隔两年进行健康体检和问卷调查。该研究通过开滦医疗集团伦理委员会审核批准([2006]医伦字5号)。人群纳入标准:(1)年龄≥30岁;(2)2017—2022年间至少参与两次体检;(3)基线未患卒中及严重心脑血管疾病;(4)体检资料完整。排除标准:(1)患恶性肿瘤、严重精神障碍等重大疾病;(2)入组1月内发生卒中。
红光体检队列是一项主要针对60岁及以上老年人的多社区前瞻性队列,在四川省成都市郫都区红光镇招募,该镇城镇和农村人口数相当,体检参与度高[3]。数据来自2017—2022年基公卫老年人体检及老年人健康管理调查问卷。体检包括一般体格检查和辅助检查(血常规、尿常规、腹部B超等);问卷包括人口学特征、生活方式、疾病史等。从四川省卫生健康信息中心病案首页获得对象住院诊断信息,协助判断疾病史。所有信息收集均经参与者知情同意和伦理审查,伦理审批号HXSY-EC-2022034。对象纳排标准同人群纳排标准。
随访期间首次发生卒中为结局。卒中定义为持续超过24 h的因脑血管病引起的急性神经系统功能障碍,ICD-10编码I60~I64。开滦队列卒中信息从开滦社会保障信息系统获取,诊断均由专业医师确认。红光体检队列卒中诊断信息通过病案首页、问卷调查获得。
评分工具构建方法参考弗明汉10年风险预测评分工具[4]。构建步骤如下:(1)由meta分析获得预测因素的合并效应值,对数转换得到βi系数;(2)选择每个变量组内的中间值作为参考值Wi,确定基础风险值Wir并记为0分;(3)计算每个因素的分组与基础风险值之间的距离di,di = (Wi-Wr)*βi;(4)设定1分所对应的常数B;(5)计算危险因素各分类对应分值P,P=d/B=(W-Wr)*βi /B。将各因素得分相加得到风险总分。根据评分和随访期间是否发生卒中,绘制风险评分预测模型的受试者工作特征(receiver operator characteristic,ROC)曲线,计算曲线下面积(area under curve, AUC)及其95%CI、最佳截断值、灵敏度、特异度等参数。应用R 4.3.3软件进行上述统计分析,检验水准α=0.05。
文献筛选流程见图1。最终纳入38篇文献[5-42],确定25个危险因素,合并效应值的森林图如图2所示。
综合考虑meta结果、研究因素的重要性和编制评分工具的方便性,纳入14个因素,构建卒中风险评分表,见表1
以研究对象2017—2022年首次体检结果为基线,人群特征见表2。开滦队列纳入研究对象137 501人,男性占比81.08%,平均年龄(50.4±12.2)岁,中位随访时间60月。2 351人(1.71%)在随访期间发生卒中。红光体检队列共纳入7 194人,平均年龄(65.92±8.30)岁,男性占比43.27%。随访间新发卒中人数927(12.89%)人,中位随访时间40个月。相比红光体检队列,开滦队列人群平均年龄低,男性占比高,吸烟率高,糖尿病、高血压患病率低。两个队列中,卒中发病组和未发病组在年龄、性别、收缩压、高血压患病和房颤疾病史存在显著差异(P<0.05)。
将本研究构建的卒中风险评分工具分别在开滦队列和红光体检队列中进行验证。结果显示,评分工具在开滦队列中预测效能较好,AUC为0.74(95%CI:0.73~0.75)。红光体检队列验证效果一般,AUC为0.61(95%CI:0.59~0.63)。见表3图3
本研究通过meta分析系统总结筛选出中国人群的卒中重要风险因素,开发中国中老年人群卒中发病风险评分工具。结果显示,该评分工具在开滦队列中预测效能良好,而在红光体检队列中效果较差。这可能与两个人群特征不同有关,开滦队列样本量大,平均年龄更小,随访时间更长。这提示本风险评分工具在单纯的老年人群体(65岁及以上)中预测效果一般,更适合中老年人群长期卒中风险预测。
弗明汉卒中量表(Framingham stroke profile, FSP)是国外较为成熟,广泛应用的简易卒中风险评估工具,包含年龄、收缩压、糖尿病史、心血管病史、吸烟、心房颤动和左心室肥厚7项危险因素[43],被我国指南推荐用于首发卒中的风险评估。黄久仪等人[44]在上海社区人群队列中应用改良FSP,结果发现男性AUC为0.726,女性为0.656。黄晓芸等人[45]开展了病例对照研究评估效果,结果显示AUC仅为0.588,灵敏度为0.684。与本研究开滦队列预测结果相比,改良FSP在中国人群的预测效能相对不足。另外,本研究风险评分工具基本涵盖FSP纳入的因素,增加BMI、家族史、血脂等重要的卒中危险因素,提升一定的预测效能。
相比复杂的预测模型,评分工具方便使用,易推广,可直观反映个体发病风险。近年,有学者推出了基于12万中国人开发的卒中预测模型China-PAR[46-47]。China-PAR考虑了地理因素和降压治疗,在验证队列中表现出较好的预测效能,五年风险预测C统计量在男女性中均接近0.8。但唐迅等人[48]将该模型应用于中国北方农村人群,发现预测效能显著下降,C统计量男性为0.709(95%CI:0.675~0.743),女性为0.713(95%CI:0.684~0.743);Zhang等人[49]发现该模型在老年人社区队列预测效能较差,男女性预测AUC仅为0.60。另外,China-PAR预测模型计算较为复杂,基层面临大量的服务对象应用起来较繁琐,而评分工具预测效能较好,同时可直观呈现各危险因素得分和权重,方便使用和理解。
应用卒中风险评分工具综合评估卒中风险,可帮助基层医务人员对体检者进行整体健康评估,及时分级管理,提供个性化的健康指导,体检者本人也能自测评估自身风险,根据评分表阳性条目采取针对性的措施。本研究也存在一定局限性。首先,红光体检队列的结局信息结合了自报和病案首页信息,可能与实际情况有差。同样,本研究的预测工具适用于未发生过卒中的中老年人,但由于信息偏倚,可能纳入了部分既往发生过卒中的人群。其次,基公卫体检信息收集存在局限性,缺少了饮食、睡眠等部分重要的预测因子,增加预测因素可能会提高评估工具的效果。最后,验证人群的随访时间为5年,长期的卒中风险预测效果还待验证。此外,红光体检队列的卒中发病率(12.9%)偏高,高于Cui等人[50]分析2011—2017年CHARLS数据得到的发病率(9.1%),这可能与队列平均年龄大、高血压患病率高有关。
综上所述,本研究构建的卒中风险评分工具在中老年体检人群中具有较好的预测效能,在基层推广应用的可行性高,有助于量化卒中风险,为中国中老年人群卒中的预防和干预策略提供参考。
  • 四川省科技计划项目-中央引导地方科技发展项目(2024ZYD0102)
  • 四川省科学技术厅项目(2022YFS0055)
  • 成都市科技局项目(2024-YF05-01784-SN)
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2025年第52卷第9期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202411061
  • 接收时间:2024-11-06
  • 首发时间:2026-03-17
  • 出版时间:2025-05-10
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  • 收稿日期:2024-11-06
基金
四川省科技计划项目-中央引导地方科技发展项目(2024ZYD0102)
四川省科学技术厅项目(2022YFS0055)
成都市科技局项目(2024-YF05-01784-SN)
作者信息
    1.四川省卫生健康信息中心,四川 成都 610041
    2.开滦总医院心内科,河北 唐山 063003
    3.哈尔滨医科大学第二附属医院 黑龙江省泛血管疾病重点实验室
    4.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/四川大学华西第四医院,四川 成都 610041

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冯琬婷,E-mail:
吴寿岭,E-mail:;冯琬婷与吴寿岭为共同通信作者
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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