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Article(id=1240738481824125325, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240738480549065614, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202406335, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1718380800000, receivedDateStr=2024-06-15, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773744705873, onlineDateStr=2026-03-17, pubDate=1746806400000, pubDateStr=2025-05-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773744705873, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773744705873, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773744705873, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240738480549065614, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='9', pageStart='1537', pageEnd='1728', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773744705569, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773744787657, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1240738824918192654, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240738480549065614, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1240738824922386959, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240738480549065614, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1568, endPage=1572, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240738482096755087, articleId=1240738481824125325, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Analysis of public health emergencies caused by infectious diseases in schools in Sichuan Province from 2014 to 2023, columnId=1240413921954295836, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Epidemiology and Statistical Methods, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To analyze the public health emergencies caused by infectious diseases in schools in Sichuan Province from 2014 to 2023 and provide references for the prevention and control of infectious diseases in schools.

Methods

The relevant information on public health emergencies caused by infectious diseases in schools in Sichuan Province from 2014 to 2023 was collected through the “Reporting and Management Information System for Public Health Emergencies”. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the event categories, temporal distribution, regional distribution, school types, etc.,as well as the relationship between the duration of the epidemic and the time interval from discovery.

Results

From 2014 to 2023,a total of 363 public health emergencies caused by infectious diseases were reported in various schools in Sichuan Province, with 21 597 reported cases, 3 deaths, and 1 041 433 affected or exposed people. The incidence rate was 2.07%. The top five infectious diseases in terms of the number of events were varicella, influenza, mumps, other infectious diarrhea diseases, and hand - foot -mouth disease, accounting for 91.46% of the total number of events. In terms of temporal distribution, more events were reported in March and November. In terms of school types, primary schools reported the most events (195 cases), followed by junior high schools (66 cases). The morbidity rates of infectious disease emergencies varied in different regions, with the highest morbidity rate in urban schools. The ways of event discovery included daily monitoring by epidemic management personnel of grass - roots disease prevention and control centers (224 cases, 61.71%), reports from medical institutions (84 cases, 23.10%), reports from schools (23 cases, 6.34%), and notifications from superior or peer departments (14 cases, 3.56%). There was a positive correlation between the time interval from epidemic discovery and the duration of the epidemic (r=0.57, P < 0.001).

Conclusion

Schools are high-risk places for public health emergencies caused by infectious diseases. Targeted prevention and control measures should be taken according to the epidemic characteristics of different schools. The discovery and reporting of epidemics are extremely important for epidemic disposal. The coordination and cooperation mechanism among multiple departments such as education and health should be strengthened to improve the timeliness of monitoring and reporting of public health emergencies caused by infectious diseases in schools and gain the initiative in epidemic disposal.

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目的

对四川省2014—2023年学校传染病突发公共卫生事件进行分析，为开展学校传染病防控工作提供参照。

方法

通过“突发公共卫生事件报告管理信息系统”收集2014—2023年四川省学校传染病突发公共卫生事件相关信息，采用描述流行病学方法分析事件类别、时间分布、地区分布和学校类型等以及疫情持续时间与发现时间间隔的关系等。

结果

2014—2023年四川省各类学校共报告传染病突发公共卫生事件363起，报告病例数21 597例，死亡3例，波及或暴露人口数1 041 433人，发病率为2.07%。事件数居前五位的传染病类型依次为水痘、流行性感冒、流行性腮腺炎、其他感染性腹泻病和手足口病，占事件总数的91.46%。从时间分布上看，3月和11月报告事件数较多。从学校类型来看，报告事件数最多的是小学，195起，其次为初中，66起。不同区域传染病突发事件罹患率有所不同，城市学校罹患率最高。事件发现方式包括基层疾病预防控制中心疫情管理人员日常监测发现（224起，61.71%）、医疗机构报告（84起，23.10%）、学校报告（23起，6.34%）以及上级或同级部门通知（14起，3.56%）。疫情发现时间间隔和疫情持续时间呈正相关（r=0.57，P<0.001）。

结论

学校是传染病突发公共卫生事件高发场所，应根据不同学校的疫情特点采取针对性的防控措施。疫情的发现和报告对疫情处置极为重要，应强化教育、卫生等多部门协调合作机制，提高对学校传染病突发公共卫生事件监测和报告的及时性，为疫情处置赢得先机。

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吕强，E-mail:
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张云娜（1988—），女，硕士，副主任医师，研究方向：传染病监测与报告管理

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张云娜（1988—），女，硕士，副主任医师，研究方向：传染病监测与报告管理

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张云娜（1988—），女，硕士，副主任医师，研究方向：传染病监测与报告管理

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Modern Preventive Medicine, 2018, 45(17): 3216-3218.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Ways of finding public emergency health events, Ningxia,2011-2016, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241081874227982501, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738481824125325, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=50, issue=7, pageStart=1176, pageEnd=1180, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=27, authorNames=张钟, 孙红敏, 卞增惠, journalName=现代预防医学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张钟，孙红敏，卞增惠，等.2004-2021年南京市突发公共卫生事件流行特征分析[J].现代预防医学，2023，50（7）：1176-1180., articleTitle=2004-2021年南京市突发公共卫生事件流行特征分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241081874349617327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738481824125325, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=50, issue=7, pageStart=1176, pageEnd=1180, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=28, authorNames=Zhang Z, Sun HM, Bian ZH, journalName=Modern Preventive Medicine, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang Z, Sun HM, Bian ZH, et al. Analysis of the epidemiological characteristics of public health emergencies in Nanjing from 2004 to 2021 [J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2023, 50(7): 1176-1180.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Analysis of the epidemiological characteristics of public health emergencies in Nanjing from 2004 to 2021, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241081874462863541, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738481824125325, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=43, issue=4, pageStart=622, pageEnd=626, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=29, authorNames=孙秀梅, 孙鑫贵, 刘晓峰, journalName=中国学校卫生, refType=null, unstructuredReference=孙秀梅，孙鑫贵，刘晓峰，等.北京市 2010-2020 年学校突发传染病事件流行病学特征[J].中国学校卫生，2022，43（4）：622-626., articleTitle=北京市 2010-2020 年学校突发传染病事件流行病学特征, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241081875997978814, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738481824125325, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=43, issue=4, pageStart=622, pageEnd=626, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=30, authorNames=Sun XM, Sun XG, Liu XF, journalName=Chin J Sch Health, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Sun XM, Sun XG, Liu XF, et al. Epidemiological characteristics of public health emergencies of infectious diseases in schools of Beijing from 2010 to 2020[J]. Chin J Sch Health, 2022, 43(4): 622-626.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Epidemiological characteristics of public health emergencies of infectious diseases in schools of Beijing from 2010 to 2020, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241081876136390856, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738481824125325, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=34, issue=9, pageStart=870, pageEnd=875, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=31, authorNames=王心怡, 吴昊澄, 鲁琴宝, journalName=预防医学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王心怡，吴昊澄，鲁琴宝，等.2012-2021年浙江省学校突发公共卫生事件及相关信息分析[J].预防医学，2022，34（9）：870-875., articleTitle=2012-2021年浙江省学校突发公共卫生事件及相关信息分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241081876253831377, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738481824125325, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=34, issue=9, pageStart=870, pageEnd=875, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=32, authorNames=Wang XY, Wu HC, Lu QB, journalName=Journal of Preventive Medicine, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang XY, Wu HC, Lu QB, et al. Analysis of public health emergencies and related information in schools of Zhejiang Province from 2012 to 2021[J]. Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2022, 34(9): 870-875.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Analysis of public health emergencies and related information in schools of Zhejiang Province from 2012 to 2021, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241081863167603245, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738481824125325, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241081863184380463, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738481824125325, companyId=1241081863167603245, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241081863188574768, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738481824125325, companyId=1241081863167603245, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=四川省疾病预防控制中心，四川 成都 610041)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241081867923944212, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738481824125325, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Annual (A) and monthly (B) distribution of public health emergencies of infectious diseases in schools in Sichuan Province, 2014—2023, figureFileSmall=u1Q366+ZHWL/dymtgOMTsg==, figureFileBig=RN2uLb9ow4lCEbkQsc0dcw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241081868032996127, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738481824125325, language=CN, label=图1, caption=2014—2023年四川省学校传染病突发公共卫生事件年度及月份分布情况

注：图A为年度；图B为月份。

, figureFileSmall=u1Q366+ZHWL/dymtgOMTsg==, figureFileBig=RN2uLb9ow4lCEbkQsc0dcw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241081868171408171, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738481824125325, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Types and diseases of public health emergencies of infectious diseases in schools in Sichuan Province from 2014 to 2023

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
疾病种类事件数
（起）		波及或暴漏
人口数		发病数发病率
（%）
呼吸道传染病300961 94419 4872.03
水痘118254 6954 0301.58
流行性感冒116373 54413 2393.54
流行性腮腺炎3892 6551 6381.77
风疹1042 7012700.63
肺结核723 5471730.73
新型冠状病毒感染6172 293600.03
麻疹32 263753.31
百日咳118610.54
猩红热16011.67
肠道传染病6277 3022 0912.70
其他感染性腹泻病3162 5591 3542.16
手足口病2914 4256634.60
细菌性痢疾13187322.96
伤寒1—*1—
其他类传染病12 187190.87
急性出血性结膜炎12 187190.87
合计3631 041 43321 5972.07
), ArticleFig(id=1241081868314014513, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738481824125325, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

2014—2023年四川省学校传染病突发公共卫生事件类别及病种

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
疾病种类事件数
（起）		波及或暴漏
人口数		发病数发病率
（%）
呼吸道传染病300961 94419 4872.03
水痘118254 6954 0301.58
流行性感冒116373 54413 2393.54
流行性腮腺炎3892 6551 6381.77
风疹1042 7012700.63
肺结核723 5471730.73
新型冠状病毒感染6172 293600.03
麻疹32 263753.31
百日咳118610.54
猩红热16011.67
肠道传染病6277 3022 0912.70
其他感染性腹泻病3162 5591 3542.16
手足口病2914 4256634.60
细菌性痢疾13187322.96
伤寒1—*1—
其他类传染病12 187190.87
急性出血性结膜炎12 187190.87
合计3631 041 43321 5972.07
), ArticleFig(id=1241081868427260732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738481824125325, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Regional distribution of public health emergencies of infectious diseases in schools in Sichuan Province from 2014 to 2023

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
市州事件发病
数量（起）构成比(%)发病数构成比(%)
遂宁市5715.704 20019.45
雅安市4913.504 63621.47
南充市4612.671 8838.72
绵阳市349.372 93613.59
自贡市339.092 0019.27
攀枝花市328.821 0905.05
泸州市267.161 1355.26
成都市205.516312.92
凉山州154.131 0084.67
阿坝州113.033571.65
广元市102.753811.76
德阳市71.935002.32
巴中市51.381010.47
甘孜州51.381700.79
广安市41.101520.70
乐山市30.831130.52
资阳市30.831200.56
达州市10.28180.08
内江市10.281240.57
宜宾市10.28410.19
总计363100.0021 597100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1241081868519535427, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738481824125325, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

2014—2023年四川省学校传染病突发公共卫生事件的地区分布

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
市州事件发病
数量（起）构成比(%)发病数构成比(%)
遂宁市5715.704 20019.45
雅安市4913.504 63621.47
南充市4612.671 8838.72
绵阳市349.372 93613.59
自贡市339.092 0019.27
攀枝花市328.821 0905.05
泸州市267.161 1355.26
成都市205.516312.92
凉山州154.131 0084.67
阿坝州113.033571.65
广元市102.753811.76
德阳市71.935002.32
巴中市51.381010.47
甘孜州51.381700.79
广安市41.101520.70
乐山市30.831130.52
资阳市30.831200.56
达州市10.28180.08
内江市10.281240.57
宜宾市10.28410.19
总计363100.0021 597100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1241081868620198728, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738481824125325, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Distribution of school types of public health emergencies of infectious diseases in schools in Sichuan Province from 2014 to 2023

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
学校类型事件发病
数量（起）构成比(%)发病数构成比(%)
幼儿园4111.299732.43
农村幼儿园143.862490.62
县镇幼儿园143.862440.61
城市幼儿园133.584801.20
小学19553.7212 82932.02
农村小学4612.671 4103.52
县镇小学5916.253 4878.70
城市小学9024.797 93219.80
初中6618.183 5758.92
农村初中61.651050.26
县镇初中143.867161.79
城市初中4612.672 7546.87
高中256.891 0872.71
农村高中10.28330.08
县镇高中164.415331.33
城市高中82.205211.30
中等职业学校30.831140.28
普通高等学校71.934631.16
其他学校267.162 5566.38
), ArticleFig(id=1241081868737639249, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738481824125325, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

2014—2023年四川省学校传染病突发公共卫生事件的学校类型分布

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
学校类型事件发病
数量（起）构成比(%)发病数构成比(%)
幼儿园4111.299732.43
农村幼儿园143.862490.62
县镇幼儿园143.862440.61
城市幼儿园133.584801.20
小学19553.7212 82932.02
农村小学4612.671 4103.52
县镇小学5916.253 4878.70
城市小学9024.797 93219.80
初中6618.183 5758.92
农村初中61.651050.26
县镇初中143.867161.79
城市初中4612.672 7546.87
高中256.891 0872.71
农村高中10.28330.08
县镇高中164.415331.33
城市高中82.205211.30
中等职业学校30.831140.28
普通高等学校71.934631.16
其他学校267.162 5566.38
), ArticleFig(id=1241081868863468373, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738481824125325, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Distribution of places of public health emergencies of infectious diseases in schools in Sichuan Province from 2014 to 2023

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
学校类型发病数波及或暴露人口数发病率（%）
幼儿园97321 6614.49
农村幼儿园2496 5163.82
县镇幼儿园2445 8464.17
城市幼儿园4809 2995.16
小学12 829499 5362.57
农村小学1 41045 1373.12
县镇小学3 487225 8381.54
城市小学7 932228 5613.47
初中3 575184 7021.94
农村初中1055 9491.77
县镇初中71655 4841.29
城市初中2 754123 2692.23
高中1 087189 8140.57
农村高中333 4750.95
县镇高中533145 1350.37
城市高中52141 2041.26
), ArticleFig(id=1241081868997686112, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738481824125325, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

2014—2023年四川省学校传染病突发公共卫生事件的场所分布

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
学校类型发病数波及或暴露人口数发病率（%）
幼儿园97321 6614.49
农村幼儿园2496 5163.82
县镇幼儿园2445 8464.17
城市幼儿园4809 2995.16
小学12 829499 5362.57
农村小学1 41045 1373.12
县镇小学3 487225 8381.54
城市小学7 932228 5613.47
初中3 575184 7021.94
农村初中1055 9491.77
县镇初中71655 4841.29
城市初中2 754123 2692.23
高中1 087189 8140.57
农村高中333 4750.95
县镇高中533145 1350.37
城市高中52141 2041.26
), ArticleFig(id=1241081869106738028, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738481824125325, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Average time interval of event detection and average duration of epidemic by different detection methods

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
事件的发现方式事件数平均发现时间
间隔（d）		平均疫情持续
时间（d）
疾控疫情管理人员监测22415.9541.47
上级或同级部门通知149.5711.71
学校报告2311.0925.17
医疗机构报告8411.5825.08
合计34514.335.19
), ArticleFig(id=1241081869215789947, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240738481824125325, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

不同发现方式的事件平均发现时间间隔和平均疫情持续时间

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
事件的发现方式事件数平均发现时间
间隔（d）		平均疫情持续
时间（d）
疾控疫情管理人员监测22415.9541.47
上级或同级部门通知149.5711.71
学校报告2311.0925.17
医疗机构报告8411.5825.08
合计34514.335.19
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2014—2023年四川省学校传染病突发公共卫生事件分析
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张云娜 , 马瑶 , 刘燕 , 李羚 , 李蔚 , 吕强
现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2025,52(9): 1568-1572
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现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2025, 52(9): 1568-1572
2014—2023年四川省学校传染病突发公共卫生事件分析
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张云娜, 马瑶, 刘燕, 李羚, 李蔚, 吕强
作者信息
  • 四川省疾病预防控制中心，四川 成都 610041

    • 张云娜（1988—），女，硕士，副主任医师，研究方向：传染病监测与报告管理

通讯作者:

吕强，E-mail:
Analysis of public health emergencies caused by infectious diseases in schools in Sichuan Province from 2014 to 2023
Yun-na ZHANG, Yao MA, Yan LIU, Ling LI, Wei LI, Qiang LV
Affiliations
  • Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
出版时间: 2025-05-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202406335
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摘要
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目的

对四川省2014—2023年学校传染病突发公共卫生事件进行分析，为开展学校传染病防控工作提供参照。

方法

通过“突发公共卫生事件报告管理信息系统”收集2014—2023年四川省学校传染病突发公共卫生事件相关信息，采用描述流行病学方法分析事件类别、时间分布、地区分布和学校类型等以及疫情持续时间与发现时间间隔的关系等。

结果

2014—2023年四川省各类学校共报告传染病突发公共卫生事件363起，报告病例数21 597例，死亡3例，波及或暴露人口数1 041 433人，发病率为2.07%。事件数居前五位的传染病类型依次为水痘、流行性感冒、流行性腮腺炎、其他感染性腹泻病和手足口病，占事件总数的91.46%。从时间分布上看，3月和11月报告事件数较多。从学校类型来看，报告事件数最多的是小学，195起，其次为初中，66起。不同区域传染病突发事件罹患率有所不同，城市学校罹患率最高。事件发现方式包括基层疾病预防控制中心疫情管理人员日常监测发现（224起，61.71%）、医疗机构报告（84起，23.10%）、学校报告（23起，6.34%）以及上级或同级部门通知（14起，3.56%）。疫情发现时间间隔和疫情持续时间呈正相关（r=0.57，P<0.001）。

结论

学校是传染病突发公共卫生事件高发场所，应根据不同学校的疫情特点采取针对性的防控措施。疫情的发现和报告对疫情处置极为重要，应强化教育、卫生等多部门协调合作机制，提高对学校传染病突发公共卫生事件监测和报告的及时性，为疫情处置赢得先机。

传染病  /  突发公共卫生事件  /  流行病学  /  学校
Objective

To analyze the public health emergencies caused by infectious diseases in schools in Sichuan Province from 2014 to 2023 and provide references for the prevention and control of infectious diseases in schools.

Methods

The relevant information on public health emergencies caused by infectious diseases in schools in Sichuan Province from 2014 to 2023 was collected through the “Reporting and Management Information System for Public Health Emergencies”. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the event categories, temporal distribution, regional distribution, school types, etc.,as well as the relationship between the duration of the epidemic and the time interval from discovery.

Results

From 2014 to 2023,a total of 363 public health emergencies caused by infectious diseases were reported in various schools in Sichuan Province, with 21 597 reported cases, 3 deaths, and 1 041 433 affected or exposed people. The incidence rate was 2.07%. The top five infectious diseases in terms of the number of events were varicella, influenza, mumps, other infectious diarrhea diseases, and hand - foot -mouth disease, accounting for 91.46% of the total number of events. In terms of temporal distribution, more events were reported in March and November. In terms of school types, primary schools reported the most events (195 cases), followed by junior high schools (66 cases). The morbidity rates of infectious disease emergencies varied in different regions, with the highest morbidity rate in urban schools. The ways of event discovery included daily monitoring by epidemic management personnel of grass - roots disease prevention and control centers (224 cases, 61.71%), reports from medical institutions (84 cases, 23.10%), reports from schools (23 cases, 6.34%), and notifications from superior or peer departments (14 cases, 3.56%). There was a positive correlation between the time interval from epidemic discovery and the duration of the epidemic (r=0.57, P < 0.001).

Conclusion

Schools are high-risk places for public health emergencies caused by infectious diseases. Targeted prevention and control measures should be taken according to the epidemic characteristics of different schools. The discovery and reporting of epidemics are extremely important for epidemic disposal. The coordination and cooperation mechanism among multiple departments such as education and health should be strengthened to improve the timeliness of monitoring and reporting of public health emergencies caused by infectious diseases in schools and gain the initiative in epidemic disposal.

Infectious diseases  /  Public health emergencies  /  Epidemiology  /  Schools
张云娜, 马瑶, 刘燕, 李羚, 李蔚, 吕强. 2014—2023年四川省学校传染病突发公共卫生事件分析. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (9) : 1568 -1572 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202406335
Yun-na ZHANG, Yao MA, Yan LIU, Ling LI, Wei LI, Qiang LV. Analysis of public health emergencies caused by infectious diseases in schools in Sichuan Province from 2014 to 2023[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (9) : 1568 -1572 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202406335
正文
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学校由于人员密集、易感人群多等原因容易成为传染病突发公共卫生事件的发生场所[1]，近几年学校传染病疫情呈上升趋势，是当前传染病防控工作的重点难点[2]。了解学校传染病突发公共卫生事件及相关信息的特征，对有针对性的开展学校传染病防控工作极其重要。因此，本研究对2014—2023年四川省学校传染病突发公共卫生事件及相关信息的流行特征进行分析，为开展学校传染病防控工作提供参照。
1　资料与方法
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1.1　资料来源
数据来自“中国疾病预防控制信息系统”子系统“突发公共卫生事件报告管理信息系统”报告的2014—2023年四川省学校传染病突发公共卫生事件（简称“事件”）。按照《国家突发公共卫生事件相关信息报告管理工作规范（试行）》，突发公共卫生事件分为四个级别，分别为特别重大（Ⅰ级）、重大（Ⅱ级）、较大（Ⅲ级）和一般（Ⅳ级），未达到一般级别判定标准的事件为未分级事件。
1.2　定义
事件发现方式是指疾病预防控制中心最初获取突发事件信息的途径。事件发现时间间隔为首例病例发病到事件初次核实认定的时间间隔。事件持续时间为事件首发病例与末例病例之间的时间间隔。发病率定义为事件发病例数占事件波及人数的百分比。学校类型分为幼儿园、小学、初中、高中、中等职业学校、普通高等学校以及其他学校。
1.3　统计分析
使用WPS和SPSS 27.0软件对数据进行整理分析。采用描述性流行病学方法分析学校传染病事件流行特征。采用χ2检验进行率的比较，采用Pearson相关分析分析发现时间间隔和疫情持续时间的关系，检验水准为α=0.05。
2　结果
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2.1　总体情况
2014—2023年四川省各类学校共报告传染病事件363起，报告病例数21 597例，死亡3人。波及或暴露人口数1 041 433人，发病率为2.07%。不同传染病发病率存在差异，最高的为细菌性痢疾，占22.96%，最低的为新型冠状病毒肺炎，占0.03%。见表1。
按照不同传播途径分类，2014—2023年全省学校报告的传染病事件主要是呼吸道传染病，300起（82.64%），其次是肠道传染病，62起（17.08%）。见表1。报告事件数居前五位的传染病分别为水痘、流行性感冒、流行性腮腺炎、其他感染性腹泻病和手足口病，占事件总数的91.46%。
从事件级别来看，未分级事件312起，占事件总数的85.95%，一般事件51起，占事件总数的14.05%。无较大及以上级别的事件。各类学校无甲类传染病事件报告，报告的丙类传染病事件数最多，共218起，发病16 966例；其次为其他类传染病事件，共125起，发病4 247例；乙类传染病事件最少，共20起，发病384例。
2.2　时间分布
2014—2023年报告事件数分别有2019和2023年2个高峰。2019年主要是流感和水痘疫情较多导致的，2023年是由于流感疫情暴发造成的。从月分布来看，3月和11月报告事件数较多，以流感事件为主。见图1。
2.3　地区分布
除眉山市外，其余20个市州均有事件报告。报告事件数最多的为遂宁市，共57起，发病4 200例，事件数和发病数分别占总数的15.70%和19.45%；其次为雅安市，共49起，发病4 636例，事件数和发病数分别占总数的13.50%和21.47%；达州市、内江市、宜宾市报告事件数较少，均只有1起。见表2。
2.4　学校类型
小学报告的事件数最多，共195起（53.72%），发病12 829例，主要的传染病为流感（75起）和水痘（74起）；其次是初中，共66起（18.18%），发病3 575例，其中水痘疫情最多，23起；再次是幼儿园，共41起（11.29%），发病973例，其中手足口病疫情最多，24起。学校类型分布见表3。
幼儿园传染病的发病率为城市最高，农村最低；小学、初中、高中的发病率均是城市发病率最高，其次为农村学校，最低的为县镇学校。见表4。
2.5　事件的发现方式
363起事件中，基层疾控中心疫情管理人员实时监测发现的有224起，占61.71%，医疗机构报告的有84起，占23.10%，学校报告的有23起，占6.34%，上级或同级部门通知的有14起，占3.56%，另有18起（4.96%）发现方式不明确。
疾控疫情管理人员监测发现的平均发现时间间隔最长，平均疫情持续时间亦最长；其次为学校或医疗机构报告的；上级或同级部门通知的平均发现时间间隔和疫情持续时间最短。见表5。
2.6　疫情持续时间与发现时间间隔的关系
发现时间间隔最长的为204 d，为一起肺结核疫情，最短1 d，平均（15.11±18.13）d。疫情持续时间最长286 d，最短1 d，平均（35.86±30.34）d。发现时间间隔和疫情持续时间呈正相关（r=0.57，P<0.001）。
3　讨论
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近年来，四川省学校传染病突发公共卫生事件报告数量总体呈上升趋势，以水痘、流行性感冒、流行性腮腺炎、其他感染性腹泻病和手足口病为主。提示四川省学校传染病事件以呼吸道和肠道传染病为主，与全国和其他地区情况类似[1-3]。
水痘事件数最多，主要集中在小学和初中，可能与水痘减毒活疫苗接种率低和疫苗保护效力减小有关。流感事件数在2019年显著增加，是由于《流行性感冒诊疗方案（2019年版）》明确将病原学快速检测结果纳入诊断依据；2020—2022年事件数明显减少，考虑新冠疫情防控期间学校防控力度加大，学生自我防护意识提高，大大降低了呼吸道传染病的传播。不同类型学校的主要传染病有所不同，幼儿园手足口病疫情最多，小学以流感和水痘为主，初中主要是水痘疫情，提示对于不同类型学校，传染病防控重点应有所不同[4]。
从时间分布来看，3月和11月为事件的高发时期，主要传染病类型为流感，这与四川省流感发病高峰一致[5-6]，提示在流感高发季节应加强学校疫情防控[7]。从地区分布看，报告事件数量存在较大差异，可能是受到各地学校数量，人口密度等因素影响，另外也要考虑疫情监测和发现上是否存在薄弱环节，尤其是对于报告事件特别少的地区，急需规范对事件的监测和报告。一般来讲，农村学校的传染病疫情发病率较高，与农村卫生条件和个人生活习惯相对较差、学生自我防护意识不高有关[8-10]。但本研究显示，四川省城市地区传染病发病率均高于农村和县镇，考虑可能与城市学校规模较大，在校学生数量较多，人员密度高，导致疫情传播较快，疫情控制难度较大有关[11-12]。
提高传染病突发公共卫生事件发现和报告能力是有效预防控制传染病疫情的基础。四川省学校传染病突发公共卫生事件的发现方式以基层疾控中心疫情管理人员通过网络直报系统进行监测发现为主，与其他地区以医疗机构报告发现为主有所不同[13-14]。表明四川省学校和医疗机构对传染病突发事件发现和报告意识欠缺，重视程度不够，提示应对医疗机构和学校进行针对性的培训，提高其对事件的发现能力。而疾控中心通过监测数据分析发现疫情聚集或暴发时，病例数往往已经较多，疫情已出现扩散、蔓延趋势，疫情控制难度较大，不利于及时有效处置疫情。因此，应将端口前移，提高学校和医疗机构对事件的发现与报告能力。
从事件发现及时性上看，从首例病例发病到事件初次核实认定的平均时间间隔为15 d，与其他地区相比时间间隔较长[15-16]，说明四川省在事件发现与核实的及时性上有待提高。而且分析表明，发现时间间隔越长，疫情持续时间越长。主要由于学校是人群密集场所，疫情传播速度比较快[17]，一旦疫情扩散，控制难度加大。因此，及时发现处置疫情非常重要，应提高监测敏感性和疫情报告及时性。
综上，学校是传染病突发公共卫生事件高发场所，应根据学校的疫情特点采取针对性的防控措施。一是开展多种形式的健康知识宣传，提高健康素养，促使学生养成良好的卫生习惯。二是学校切实做好学生晨午检、因病缺课登记制度，及时发现疫情风险，提高监测的敏感度。三是疾控机构应加强对学校传染病防控工作的指导，在不同时期对于不同类型学校采取有针对性的防控措施，规范突发事件的处置工作。另外，疫情的发现和报告对疫情处置极为重要，应强化教育、卫生等多部门协调合作机制，提高对学校传染病突发公共卫生事件的监测和报告及时性，为疫情处置赢得先机。
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2025年第52卷第9期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202406335
  • 接收时间：2024-06-15
  • 首发时间：2026-03-17
  • 出版时间：2025-05-10
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  • 收稿日期：2024-06-15
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    四川省疾病预防控制中心，四川 成都 610041

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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Family		 属数
Number of
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Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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