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Article(id=1240730060408287361, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240730050669113883, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202411361, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1731945600000, receivedDateStr=2024-11-19, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773742698051, onlineDateStr=2026-03-17, pubDate=1745510400000, pubDateStr=2025-04-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773742698051, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773742698051, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773742698051, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240730050669113883, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='8', pageStart='1345', pageEnd='1536', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773742695728, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773742807836, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1240730520988995837, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240730050669113883, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1240730520988995838, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240730050669113883, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1392, endPage=1397, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240730060768997534, articleId=1240730060408287361, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Association between dietary carotenoid intake and neurodegenerative diseases, columnId=1228016572783063333, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Nutrition and Food Hygiene, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the potential relationship between dietary carotenoid intake and neurodegenerative diseases based on NHANES data.

Methods

A multifactorial logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between dietary carotenoid intake and neurodegenerative diseases and to explore the association between dietary carotenoid intake and neurodegenerative diseases in different gender and age subgroups, using the NHANES database of people aged 40 years and older from 2003-2018 as the study population.

Results

Of the 23 108 study participants included in this study, 216 had Parkinson’s disease dementia (PD) and 183 had Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The carotenoid intake of PD patients (7,597.9 mcg/d) was significantly lower than that of the normal population (8,719.8 mcg/d) and the difference was statistically significant, while that of AD patients (7 189.8 mcg/d) was significantly lower than that of the normal population (8,721.4 mcg/d) and the difference was statistically significant. After adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, race, education, alcohol consumption, smoking, household poverty-to-income ratio, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, Cardiovascular disease and the NHANES cycle, the prevalence of PD was significantly lower in the highest tertile group compared with the lowest tertile group (OR=0.65, 95% CI: 0.44-0.98), and the risk of AD was significantly lower in the Q2 group (OR=0.65, 95% CI: 0.43-0.99). In subgroup analyses, a lower risk of PD was observed in the group with the highest dietary carotenoid intake in those aged 70 years or older (OR=0.52, 95% CI: 0.30-0.96); the protective effect of dietary carotenoid intake on AD was demonstrated in the Q4 group of women (OR=0.49, 95% CI: 0.26-0.93).

Conclusion

There is a negative association between carotenoid intake and the risk of developing neurodegenerative diseases, and carotenoids may be a protective factor against neurodegenerative diseases, a relationship that varies by age, sex, and whether or not the individual has hypertension or diabetes.

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目的

基于NHANES数据探究膳食中类胡萝卜素摄入量和神经退行性疾病之间的潜在关系。

方法

以2003—2018年NHANES数据库中40岁及以上人群作为研究对象，采用多因素logistic回归模型分析类膳食胡萝卜素摄入量和神经退行性疾病之间的关系，并探究不同性别、不同年龄亚组中膳食类胡萝卜素摄入量和神经退行性疾病的关联。

结果

本研究纳入的23 108名研究对象中，216人患帕金森病（Parkinson’s disease dementia，PD），183人患有阿尔茨海默病（Alzheimer’s disease，AD）。PD患者的类胡萝卜素摄入量（7 597.9mcg/d）明显低于正常人群（8 719.8 mcg/d）且差异具有统计学意义，AD患者的类胡萝卜素摄入量（7 189.8 mcg/d）明显低于正常人群（8 721.4 mcg/d）且差异具有统计学意义。调整年龄、性别、体重指数、种族、教育、饮酒、吸烟、家庭贫困收入比、高血压、糖尿病、心血管疾病和NHANES周期后，与最低分位数组相比，最高分位数组中PD患病显著降低（OR=0.65,95% CI: 0.44~0.98），Q2组AD的患病风险显著降低（OR=0.65,95% CI: 0.43~0.99）。亚组分析中，70岁以上人群中观察到了膳食类胡萝卜素摄入量最高组的PD风险较低（OR=0.52, 95% CI:0.30~0.96）；膳食类胡萝卜素摄入量对AD的保护效应则表现在女性的Q4组（OR=0.49, 95% CI:0.26~0.93）。

结论

类胡萝卜素摄入量与神经退行性疾病患病风险存在负相关关联，类胡萝卜素可能是神经退行性疾病的保护因素，这种关系因不同年龄、性别和是否患有高血压或糖尿病的个体而异。

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成果，E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点，除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=j4FGfU1u6e1+twjLpmNmWA==, magXml=/PqYS4AzbWVkGOb1BiKuuw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=WN+/OcnXchT3B0sfwb3GvA==, pdfFileSize=638026, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=aX3gJ8/GXqAF/QV6DpO1vA==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

汪良琛（2000—），男，硕士在读，研究方向：营养与食品卫生学

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汪良琛（2000—），男，硕士在读，研究方向：营养与食品卫生学

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Neurology, 2017, 89(13): 1382-1390., articleTitle=Sex differences in Alzheimer risk: Brain imaging of endocrine vs chronologic aging, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241070740154413908, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240730060408287361, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=61, issue=null, pageStart=164, pageEnd=172, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[34], rfOrder=33, authorNames=Bacchetti T, Turco I, Urbano A, journalName=Nutrition, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Bacchetti T, Turco I, Urbano A, et al. Relationship of fruit and vegetable intake to dietary antioxidant capacity and markers of oxidative stress: A sex-related study[J]. 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Brain Research, 2013, 1514: 123-127., articleTitle=Does phytoestrogen supplementation affect cognition differentially in males and females?, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241070740481569643, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240730060408287361, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=21, issue=5, pageStart=1024, pageEnd=1032, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[37], rfOrder=36, authorNames=Kander MC, Cui Y, Liu Z, journalName=Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Kander MC, Cui Y, Liu Z. Gender difference in oxidative stress: a new look at the mechanisms for cardiovascular diseases[J]. Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, 2017, 21(5): 1024-1032., articleTitle=Gender difference in oxidative stress: a new look at the mechanisms for cardiovascular diseases, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241070735108665907, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240730060408287361, awardId=82173512, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金面上项目(82173512), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241070728959815852, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240730060408287361, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241070728964010158, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240730060408287361, companyId=1241070728959815852, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan 610041, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241070728976593073, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240730060408287361, companyId=1241070728959815852, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院，四川　成都　610041)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241070729106616502, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240730060408287361, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241070729115005112, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240730060408287361, companyId=1241070729106616502, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.四川大学华西第二医院西部妇幼医学研究院妇儿营养中心)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241070729207279805, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240730060408287361, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241070729215668415, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240730060408287361, companyId=1241070729207279805, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.四川大学华西护理学院)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241070734190113240, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240730060408287361, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Characteristics of the study population

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量PDt/χ2值P值ADt/χ2值P值
非PD(n=22 892)PD(n=216)非AD(n=22 925)AD(n=183)
类胡萝卜素摄入量(mcg/d)[]8 719.8±7 866.37 597.9±7 285.42.2500.0258 721.4±7 870.27 189.8±6 548.02.625<0.001
年龄(岁) []60.1±12.466.5±12.87.316<0.00160.0±12.476.4±6.732.669<0.001
性别[n(%)]0.0170.8961.000
男10 972(47.9)105(48.6)10 989(47.9)88(48.1)
女11 920(52.1)111(51.4)11 936(52.1)95(51.9)
种族[n(%)]34.054<0.00131.555<0.001
墨西哥裔美国人3 272(14.3)20(9.3)3 279(14.3)13(7.1)
其他西班牙裔1 944(8.5)14(6.3)1 938(8.5)20(10.9)
非西班牙裔白人10 925(47.7)145(67.1)10 952(47.8)118(64.5)
非西班牙裔黑人4 927(21.5)31(14.4)4 928(21.5)30(16.4)
其他种族1 824(8.0)6(2.8)1 828(8.0)2(1.1)
教育[n(%)]1.9960.3699.0760.011
高中以下5 942(26.0)65(30.1)5 942(25.9)65(35.5)
高中5 410(23.6)50(23.1)5 419(23.6)41(22.4)
高中以上11 540(50.4)101(46.8)11 564(50.4)77(42.1)
婚姻状况[n(%)]2.6060.27217.962<0.001
已婚13 310(58.1)114(52.8)13 319(58.1)105(57.4)
未婚2 799(12.2)31(14.0)2 824(12.3)6(3.3)
离异6 783(29.6)71(32.4)6 782(29.6)72(39.3)
家庭贫困收入比[n(%)]13.9630.00118.256<0.001
≤1.306 462(28.2)78(35.9)6 493(28.3)47(25.7)
>1.30~3.58 816(38.5)91(41.9)8 810(38.4)97(53.0)
>3.57 614(33.3)47(22.1)7 622(33.2)39(21.3)
BMI(kg/m2) []29.6±6.629.9±7.00.8050.41829.6±6.627.8±5.84.177<0.001
高血压[n(%)]14.462<0.00115.834<0.001
否11 824(51.7)83(38.4)11 840(51.6)67(36.6)
是11 068(48.3)133(61.6)11 085(48.4)116(63.4)
吸烟[n(%)]8.0060.01831.599<0.001
从不15 016(65.6)159(73.4)15 019(65.5)156(85.2)
偶尔1 302(5.7)5(2.3)1 304(5.7)3(1.6)
每天6 574(28.7)52(24.3)6 602(28.8)24(13.1)
饮酒[n(%)]1.0290.31024.951<0.001
否7 159(31.3)75(34.7%)7 145(31.2)89(48.6)
是15 733(68.7)141(65.3%)15 780(68.8)94(51.4)
心血管疾病[n(%)]5.3720.02061.677<0.001
否16 812(73.4)143(65.8%)16 868(73.6)87(47.5)
是6 080(26.6)73(34.2%)6 057(26.4)96(52.5)
糖尿病[n(%)]0.8630.65013.0720.001
否18 111(79.1)173(80.6%)18 159(79.2)125(68.3)
糖尿病前期666(2.9)8(3.6%)666(2.9)8(4.4)
是4 115(18.0)35(15.8%)4 100(17.9)50(27.3)
膳食类胡萝卜素摄入[n(%)]6.8270.07810.4760.015
Q15 713(24.9)67(31.0)5 716(24.9)64(35.0)
Q25 721(25.0)54(25.0)5 736(25.0)39(21.3)
Q35 721(25.0)55(25.5)5 732(25.0)44(24.0)
Q45 737(25.1)40(18.5)5 741(25.0)36(19.7)
), ArticleFig(id=1241070734332719592, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240730060408287361, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

研究人群特征

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量PDt/χ2值P值ADt/χ2值P值
非PD(n=22 892)PD(n=216)非AD(n=22 925)AD(n=183)
类胡萝卜素摄入量(mcg/d)[]8 719.8±7 866.37 597.9±7 285.42.2500.0258 721.4±7 870.27 189.8±6 548.02.625<0.001
年龄(岁) []60.1±12.466.5±12.87.316<0.00160.0±12.476.4±6.732.669<0.001
性别[n(%)]0.0170.8961.000
男10 972(47.9)105(48.6)10 989(47.9)88(48.1)
女11 920(52.1)111(51.4)11 936(52.1)95(51.9)
种族[n(%)]34.054<0.00131.555<0.001
墨西哥裔美国人3 272(14.3)20(9.3)3 279(14.3)13(7.1)
其他西班牙裔1 944(8.5)14(6.3)1 938(8.5)20(10.9)
非西班牙裔白人10 925(47.7)145(67.1)10 952(47.8)118(64.5)
非西班牙裔黑人4 927(21.5)31(14.4)4 928(21.5)30(16.4)
其他种族1 824(8.0)6(2.8)1 828(8.0)2(1.1)
教育[n(%)]1.9960.3699.0760.011
高中以下5 942(26.0)65(30.1)5 942(25.9)65(35.5)
高中5 410(23.6)50(23.1)5 419(23.6)41(22.4)
高中以上11 540(50.4)101(46.8)11 564(50.4)77(42.1)
婚姻状况[n(%)]2.6060.27217.962<0.001
已婚13 310(58.1)114(52.8)13 319(58.1)105(57.4)
未婚2 799(12.2)31(14.0)2 824(12.3)6(3.3)
离异6 783(29.6)71(32.4)6 782(29.6)72(39.3)
家庭贫困收入比[n(%)]13.9630.00118.256<0.001
≤1.306 462(28.2)78(35.9)6 493(28.3)47(25.7)
>1.30~3.58 816(38.5)91(41.9)8 810(38.4)97(53.0)
>3.57 614(33.3)47(22.1)7 622(33.2)39(21.3)
BMI(kg/m2) []29.6±6.629.9±7.00.8050.41829.6±6.627.8±5.84.177<0.001
高血压[n(%)]14.462<0.00115.834<0.001
否11 824(51.7)83(38.4)11 840(51.6)67(36.6)
是11 068(48.3)133(61.6)11 085(48.4)116(63.4)
吸烟[n(%)]8.0060.01831.599<0.001
从不15 016(65.6)159(73.4)15 019(65.5)156(85.2)
偶尔1 302(5.7)5(2.3)1 304(5.7)3(1.6)
每天6 574(28.7)52(24.3)6 602(28.8)24(13.1)
饮酒[n(%)]1.0290.31024.951<0.001
否7 159(31.3)75(34.7%)7 145(31.2)89(48.6)
是15 733(68.7)141(65.3%)15 780(68.8)94(51.4)
心血管疾病[n(%)]5.3720.02061.677<0.001
否16 812(73.4)143(65.8%)16 868(73.6)87(47.5)
是6 080(26.6)73(34.2%)6 057(26.4)96(52.5)
糖尿病[n(%)]0.8630.65013.0720.001
否18 111(79.1)173(80.6%)18 159(79.2)125(68.3)
糖尿病前期666(2.9)8(3.6%)666(2.9)8(4.4)
是4 115(18.0)35(15.8%)4 100(17.9)50(27.3)
膳食类胡萝卜素摄入[n(%)]6.8270.07810.4760.015
Q15 713(24.9)67(31.0)5 716(24.9)64(35.0)
Q25 721(25.0)54(25.0)5 736(25.0)39(21.3)
Q35 721(25.0)55(25.5)5 732(25.0)44(24.0)
Q45 737(25.1)40(18.5)5 741(25.0)36(19.7)
), ArticleFig(id=1241070734483714550, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240730060408287361, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Logistic regression analysis ofcarotenoid intake and neurodegenerative diseases

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量模型1模型2模型3
OR (95% CI)P值OR (95% CI)P值OR (95% CI)P值
PD
Q1RefRefRef
Q20.80(0.56~1.15)0.2380.82(0.57~1.17)0.2770.83(0.58~1.20)0.328
Q30.82(0.57~1.17)0.2770.85(0.60~1.22)0.3830.91(0.63~1.31)0.598
Q40.59(0.40~0.88)0.0100.62(0.42~0.93)0.0190.65(0.44~0.98)0.040
P趋势0.0150.0310.081
AD
Q1RefRefRef
Q20.61(0.41~0.91)0.0140.62(0.41~0.93)0.0200.65(0.43~0.99)0.043
Q30.69(0.47~1.01)0.0550.75(0.51~1.11)0.1570.80(0.54~1.20)0.280
Q40.56(0.37~0.84)0.0060.64(0.43~0.98)0.0380.68(0.44~1.05)0.080
P趋势0.0090.0640.126
), ArticleFig(id=1241070734592766465, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240730060408287361, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

类胡萝卜素摄入量和神经退行性疾病的logistic回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量模型1模型2模型3
OR (95% CI)P值OR (95% CI)P值OR (95% CI)P值
PD
Q1RefRefRef
Q20.80(0.56~1.15)0.2380.82(0.57~1.17)0.2770.83(0.58~1.20)0.328
Q30.82(0.57~1.17)0.2770.85(0.60~1.22)0.3830.91(0.63~1.31)0.598
Q40.59(0.40~0.88)0.0100.62(0.42~0.93)0.0190.65(0.44~0.98)0.040
P趋势0.0150.0310.081
AD
Q1RefRefRef
Q20.61(0.41~0.91)0.0140.62(0.41~0.93)0.0200.65(0.43~0.99)0.043
Q30.69(0.47~1.01)0.0550.75(0.51~1.11)0.1570.80(0.54~1.20)0.280
Q40.56(0.37~0.84)0.0060.64(0.43~0.98)0.0380.68(0.44~1.05)0.080
P趋势0.0090.0640.126
), ArticleFig(id=1241070734722789903, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240730060408287361, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Correlation analysis ofcarotenoid intake and neurodegenerative diseases in different subgroups

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分组OR值(95% CI)P值OR值(95% CI)P值交互作用P值
性别男女
PD0.815
Q1RefRef
Q20.61(0.33~1.02)0.0591.03(0.64~1.65)0.896
Q30.99(0.60~1.65)0.8370.81(0.48~1.36)0.418
Q40.75(0.44~1.28)0.2880.60(0.34~1.07)0.085
AD0.124
Q1RefRef
Q20.73(0.39~1.36)0.3200.59(0.34~1.01)0.055
Q30.94(0.53~1.68)0.8350.64(0.37~1.12)0.118
Q40.93(0.52~1.68)0.8210.49(0.26~0.93)0.029
年龄<70≥70
PD0.859
Q1RefRef
Q20.89(0.53~1.50)0.6590.66(0.40~1.08)0.098
Q30.94(0.56~1.57)0.8070.65(0.40~1.08)0.096
Q40.70(0.40~1.21)0.2010.52(0.30~0.96)0.021
AD0.249
Q1RefRef
Q20.44(0.13~1.43)0.1700.68(0.44~1.04)0.076
Q30.43(0.13~1.39)0.1560.81(0.53~1.23)0.327
Q40.53(0.18~1.58)0.2530.69(0.44~1.08)0.105
糖尿病是否
PD0.105
Q1RefRef
Q21.55(0.72~3.35)0.2670.70(0.46~1.06)0.096
Q30.61(0.22~1.65)0.3280.94(0.64~1.40)0.767
Q41.05(0.44~2.48)0.9120.60(0.38~0.94)0.024
AD0.601
Q1RefRef
Q20.42(0.20~0.89)0.0250.75(0.45~1.23)0.250
Q30.45(0.20~0.98)0.0450.95(0.59~1.52)0.821
Q40.70(0.34~1.44)0.3390.70(0.41~1.19)0.185
高血压是否
PD0.087
Q1RefRef
Q20.95(0.60~1.50)0.8290.70(0.39~1.26)0.233
Q30.90(0.56~1.45)0.6700.85(0.49~1.48)0.573
Q40.84(0.52~1.36)0.4740.44(0.22~0.87)0.019
AD
Q1RefRef0.774
Q20.56(0.33~0.94)0.0270.85(0.44~1.67)0.644
Q30.74(0.45~1.23)0.2460.89(0.46~1.71)0.721
Q40.69(0.40~1.17)0.1670.71(0.34~1.48)0.358
), ArticleFig(id=1241070734823453210, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240730060408287361, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同亚组类胡萝卜素摄入量与神经退行性疾病的相关性分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分组OR值(95% CI)P值OR值(95% CI)P值交互作用P值
性别男女
PD0.815
Q1RefRef
Q20.61(0.33~1.02)0.0591.03(0.64~1.65)0.896
Q30.99(0.60~1.65)0.8370.81(0.48~1.36)0.418
Q40.75(0.44~1.28)0.2880.60(0.34~1.07)0.085
AD0.124
Q1RefRef
Q20.73(0.39~1.36)0.3200.59(0.34~1.01)0.055
Q30.94(0.53~1.68)0.8350.64(0.37~1.12)0.118
Q40.93(0.52~1.68)0.8210.49(0.26~0.93)0.029
年龄<70≥70
PD0.859
Q1RefRef
Q20.89(0.53~1.50)0.6590.66(0.40~1.08)0.098
Q30.94(0.56~1.57)0.8070.65(0.40~1.08)0.096
Q40.70(0.40~1.21)0.2010.52(0.30~0.96)0.021
AD0.249
Q1RefRef
Q20.44(0.13~1.43)0.1700.68(0.44~1.04)0.076
Q30.43(0.13~1.39)0.1560.81(0.53~1.23)0.327
Q40.53(0.18~1.58)0.2530.69(0.44~1.08)0.105
糖尿病是否
PD0.105
Q1RefRef
Q21.55(0.72~3.35)0.2670.70(0.46~1.06)0.096
Q30.61(0.22~1.65)0.3280.94(0.64~1.40)0.767
Q41.05(0.44~2.48)0.9120.60(0.38~0.94)0.024
AD0.601
Q1RefRef
Q20.42(0.20~0.89)0.0250.75(0.45~1.23)0.250
Q30.45(0.20~0.98)0.0450.95(0.59~1.52)0.821
Q40.70(0.34~1.44)0.3390.70(0.41~1.19)0.185
高血压是否
PD0.087
Q1RefRef
Q20.95(0.60~1.50)0.8290.70(0.39~1.26)0.233
Q30.90(0.56~1.45)0.6700.85(0.49~1.48)0.573
Q40.84(0.52~1.36)0.4740.44(0.22~0.87)0.019
AD
Q1RefRef0.774
Q20.56(0.33~0.94)0.0270.85(0.44~1.67)0.644
Q30.74(0.45~1.23)0.2460.89(0.46~1.71)0.721
Q40.69(0.40~1.17)0.1670.71(0.34~1.48)0.358
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膳食中类胡萝卜素摄入量与神经退行性疾病的关联研究
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汪良琛 1 , 陈梦雪 2 , 李蕊瑞 1 , 周嗣全 1 , 成果 2, 3
现代预防医学 | 营养与食品卫生 2025,52(8): 1392-1397
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现代预防医学 | 营养与食品卫生 2025, 52(8): 1392-1397
膳食中类胡萝卜素摄入量与神经退行性疾病的关联研究
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汪良琛1, 陈梦雪2, 李蕊瑞1, 周嗣全1, 成果2, 3
作者信息
  • 1.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院，四川　成都　610041
  • 2.四川大学华西第二医院西部妇幼医学研究院妇儿营养中心
  • 3.四川大学华西护理学院

    • 汪良琛（2000—），男，硕士在读，研究方向：营养与食品卫生学

通讯作者:

成果，E-mail:
Association between dietary carotenoid intake and neurodegenerative diseases
Liang-chen WANG1, Meng-xue CHEN2, Rui-rui LI1, Si-quan ZHOU1, Guo CHENG2, 3
Affiliations
  • West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan 610041, China
出版时间: 2025-04-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202411361
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摘要
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目的

基于NHANES数据探究膳食中类胡萝卜素摄入量和神经退行性疾病之间的潜在关系。

方法

以2003—2018年NHANES数据库中40岁及以上人群作为研究对象，采用多因素logistic回归模型分析类膳食胡萝卜素摄入量和神经退行性疾病之间的关系，并探究不同性别、不同年龄亚组中膳食类胡萝卜素摄入量和神经退行性疾病的关联。

结果

本研究纳入的23 108名研究对象中，216人患帕金森病（Parkinson’s disease dementia，PD），183人患有阿尔茨海默病（Alzheimer’s disease，AD）。PD患者的类胡萝卜素摄入量（7 597.9mcg/d）明显低于正常人群（8 719.8 mcg/d）且差异具有统计学意义，AD患者的类胡萝卜素摄入量（7 189.8 mcg/d）明显低于正常人群（8 721.4 mcg/d）且差异具有统计学意义。调整年龄、性别、体重指数、种族、教育、饮酒、吸烟、家庭贫困收入比、高血压、糖尿病、心血管疾病和NHANES周期后，与最低分位数组相比，最高分位数组中PD患病显著降低（OR=0.65,95% CI: 0.44~0.98），Q2组AD的患病风险显著降低（OR=0.65,95% CI: 0.43~0.99）。亚组分析中，70岁以上人群中观察到了膳食类胡萝卜素摄入量最高组的PD风险较低（OR=0.52, 95% CI:0.30~0.96）；膳食类胡萝卜素摄入量对AD的保护效应则表现在女性的Q4组（OR=0.49, 95% CI:0.26~0.93）。

结论

类胡萝卜素摄入量与神经退行性疾病患病风险存在负相关关联，类胡萝卜素可能是神经退行性疾病的保护因素，这种关系因不同年龄、性别和是否患有高血压或糖尿病的个体而异。

类胡萝卜素  /  帕金森病  /  阿尔茨海默病  /  NHANES  /  logistic回归模型
Objective

To explore the potential relationship between dietary carotenoid intake and neurodegenerative diseases based on NHANES data.

Methods

A multifactorial logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between dietary carotenoid intake and neurodegenerative diseases and to explore the association between dietary carotenoid intake and neurodegenerative diseases in different gender and age subgroups, using the NHANES database of people aged 40 years and older from 2003-2018 as the study population.

Results

Of the 23 108 study participants included in this study, 216 had Parkinson’s disease dementia (PD) and 183 had Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The carotenoid intake of PD patients (7,597.9 mcg/d) was significantly lower than that of the normal population (8,719.8 mcg/d) and the difference was statistically significant, while that of AD patients (7 189.8 mcg/d) was significantly lower than that of the normal population (8,721.4 mcg/d) and the difference was statistically significant. After adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, race, education, alcohol consumption, smoking, household poverty-to-income ratio, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, Cardiovascular disease and the NHANES cycle, the prevalence of PD was significantly lower in the highest tertile group compared with the lowest tertile group (OR=0.65, 95% CI: 0.44-0.98), and the risk of AD was significantly lower in the Q2 group (OR=0.65, 95% CI: 0.43-0.99). In subgroup analyses, a lower risk of PD was observed in the group with the highest dietary carotenoid intake in those aged 70 years or older (OR=0.52, 95% CI: 0.30-0.96); the protective effect of dietary carotenoid intake on AD was demonstrated in the Q4 group of women (OR=0.49, 95% CI: 0.26-0.93).

Conclusion

There is a negative association between carotenoid intake and the risk of developing neurodegenerative diseases, and carotenoids may be a protective factor against neurodegenerative diseases, a relationship that varies by age, sex, and whether or not the individual has hypertension or diabetes.

Carotenoids  /  Parkinson’s disease  /  Alzheimer’s disease  /  NHANES  /  Logistic regression modeling
汪良琛, 陈梦雪, 李蕊瑞, 周嗣全, 成果. 膳食中类胡萝卜素摄入量与神经退行性疾病的关联研究. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (8) : 1392 -1397 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202411361
Liang-chen WANG, Meng-xue CHEN, Rui-rui LI, Si-quan ZHOU, Guo CHENG. Association between dietary carotenoid intake and neurodegenerative diseases[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (8) : 1392 -1397 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202411361
正文
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阿尔茨海默病(AD)和帕金森病(PD)是最常见两种的年龄相关的神经退行性疾病 (NGD)[1-2]，。根据最新统计数据，在美国，有 690 万 65 岁及以上的人患有AD[3]，到2060年，这一数字可能会增长到 1380 万。在中国60 岁以上人群 PD 患病率为 1.37%，患者总数高达362万[4]。AD以认知功能损害为主，以痴呆为主要表现[5]；PD的病变主要累及椎体外系，主要表现为运动神经功能障碍，晚期也会出现认知功能损害[6]。在过去研究里，饮食因素在 NGD 的发生中体现了复杂的作用[7]。疾病负担仍在逐年增加，治疗手段有限，探索有效的防控策略和措施具有重要公共卫生意义。
类胡萝卜素是一类植物化学物质，大量存在于各种蔬菜、水果中[8]，食物来源的6种类胡萝卜素（α-胡萝卜素、β-胡萝卜素、叶黄素、玉米黄质、β-隐黄质和番茄红素）占人体摄入类胡萝卜素总量的90%以上[9]。作为一类膳食来源的强氧化剂，该类化学物可在体内抑制自由基和脂质过氧化的损伤作用[10]，并且研究表明其从而对认知功能、心血管系统健康、和癌症预防发挥保护效应[11]。
有证据表明，过度氧化应激是NGD发病机制中的常见过程[12]。在PD中，神经元的多巴胺能丢失是由 ROS 介导的，ROS 来源于神经递质多巴胺的代谢。在黑质样本中观察到的多巴胺半胱氨酸加合物证实了帕金森病大脑中发生的严重氧化过程[13]。AD 相关的特征性脑结构异常和精神障碍与高水平的ROS和神经元凋亡有关[14]。氧化损伤可促进NGD的发生发展，因此，具有抗氧化性的类胡萝卜素可能有助于降低NGD风险。
然而，仍然缺乏对类胡萝卜素与神经退行性疾病之间的关联的全面探索。我们通过使用美国健康和营养检查调查（NHANES）数据探究类胡萝卜素摄入量与 NGD 发生之间的关系。
1　材料和方法
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1.1　研究人群
NHANES数据库是由美国疾病控制与预防中心的国家卫生统计中心对美国居民进行的连续横断面调查[15]。本研究使用来自2003—2018年NHANES数据库中80 312参与者的数据。由于40岁以上人群NGD发病率显著上升，本研究仅纳入40岁以上人群。膳食类胡萝卜素摄入量信息、神经退行性疾病信息不完整者，类胡萝卜素摄入量极端值者和40岁以下者参与者被排除在外，最终本研究共纳入23 108名参与者。
1.2　膳食类胡萝卜素摄入量评估
NHANES数据库提供了膳食类胡萝卜素（α-胡萝卜素、β-胡萝卜素、β -隐黄质、番茄红素和叶黄素与玉米黄质）的数据。该数据是在两次 24 小时饮食回忆访谈法的基础上，基于美国农业部食品和营养数据库的食物成分表计算获得。总类胡萝卜素定义为上述六种膳食类胡萝卜素的总和。
1.3　AD和PD的确定
通过 NHANES 数据库中自我报告的患病信息以及是否服用过PD的治疗药物（苯扎托品、卡比多巴、左旋多巴、罗匹尼罗、甲基多巴、恩他卡朋和金刚烷胺），判断研究对象是否患有PD[16]。根据研究对象自我报告的患病信息以及是否服用过AD的治疗药物（卡巴拉汀、加兰他敏、多奈哌齐和美金刚），判断其是否患有AD [17]。
1.4　协变量评估
协变量包括NHANES周期和社会人口学特征（年龄、性别、种族/民族、教育程度、婚姻状况和贫困水平指数）以及生活方式因素和医疗条件（体重指数[BMI]、吸烟、饮酒、糖尿病、高血压、心血管疾病）。在调整协变量时中，NHANES 周期被视为序数变量（分别编码为1、2、3、4、5、6、7和8）。年龄被视为连续变量，其余变量均以分类变量形式被纳入方程，各变量的分类方式同表1。其中，家庭贫困收入比是根据家庭每月贫困水平指数分类（≤1.30、>1.30~3.5和>3.5）；吸烟状况的分为三组（从不、偶尔和每天）。“饮酒”指一生中喝过超过12杯任何类型的酒（含酒精饮料）。是否患有高血压、糖尿病根据受访者对以下问题的回答判断：“你是否曾经被医生或其他健康专业人员告知患有高血压/糖尿病？”。心血管疾病（对“是否曾被医生或其他健康专业人士告知过患有哮喘、心力衰竭、冠心病、心绞痛、心脏病和中风”中的任意一种回答“是”即定义为患有心血管疾病）。在所有的数据中，本研究的协变量缺失的百分比均不超过6%。
1.5　统计分析
所有统计分析均使用R软件（4.3.2版）进行。使用Mice包用多种插补法填补了缺失数据。在基线信息分析中，连续变量若符合正态分布则以表示，使用单因素方差分析/t检验比较组间差异，否则采用M(P25，P75)进行描述，使用Mann-Whitney U检验进行比较；分类变量表示为频率和百分比，并使用卡方检验或Fisher确切概率法进行比较，等级资料采用Wilcoxon秩和检验分析。采用多因素 logistic 回归分析探讨膳食类胡萝卜素摄入量与NGD之间的关系。模型1未调整协变量；模型 2 根据年龄、性别进行调整；模型3在模型2的基础上根据BMI、种族、教育、饮酒、吸烟、家庭每月贫困水平、糖尿病、高血压、心血管疾病及NHANES周期进行调整。通过将膳食类胡萝卜素摄入量的四分位数作为连续变量并重新运行相应的回归模型来执行趋势（P代表趋势）。最后，还进行了按性别、年龄、糖尿病和高血压分层的亚组分析，并检查了上述因素对类胡萝卜素摄入量与神经退行性疾病风险的关系是否存在相乘交互作用。双侧检验水准为α=0.05。
2　结果
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2.1　纳入对象基线特征
本研究共纳入23 108名符合条件研究对象。研究对象平均年龄为（60.1±12.4）岁。23 108名对象中有216人被诊断为PD，183人被诊断为AD。类胡萝卜素摄入量的平均摄入量为8 709.3 mcg/d。AD 患者往往年龄较大、受教育程度更低、已婚或离异。PD 患者年龄较大、收入水平更低。其他特征如种族、家庭贫困收入比也具有统计学上的差异，详见表1。
2.2　膳食类胡萝卜素摄入量与神经退行性疾病的logistic分析
本研究将类胡萝卜素摄入量以四分位数分组，以最低四分位数组为参考组（Q1组），采用多变量加权logistic回归分析其与NGD患病风险的关联。结果如表2所示，就膳食胡萝卜素摄入量与PD风险的关联而言，模型1和模型2均呈现膳食胡萝卜素摄入量越高、PD患病风险越低的线性变化趋势（P趋势<0.05）。3个模型均显示，与Q1组相比，Q4组的帕金森病患病风险较低（模型3：OR=0.65; 95% CI: 0.44~0.98）。在膳食类胡萝卜素摄入量和AD的关联分析中，调整协变量后，二者的关联在模型2和模型3中不再呈线性变化趋势（P趋势>0.05）。在模型1和模型2中，Q4组的AD患病风险较低（模型1：OR=0.56,95% CI: 0.37~0.84；模型2：OR=0.64, 95% CI: 0.43~0.98），但在模型3中，上述关联不再有统计学意义（OR=0.68, 95% CI: 0.44~1.05）。而在3个模型中，Q2组的AD患病风险均较低（模型3：OR=0.65, 95% CI: 0.43~0.99）。
2.3　亚组分析
本研究进一步对性别、年龄、糖尿病和高血压这4个影响因素进行了亚组分析和交互作用分析，结果如表3所示：在70岁以上人群中观察到了膳食类胡萝卜素摄入量最高组的PD风险较低（OR=0.52,95% CI:0.30~0.96）；在未患糖尿病或未患高血压的人群中，与类胡萝卜素摄入量最低组（Q1组）相比，Q4组的PD患病风险均较低且有统计学意义（未患糖尿病群体：OR=0.60,95% CI:0.38~0.94；未患高血压群体：OR=0.44,95% CI:0.22~0.87）。而膳食类胡萝卜素摄入量对AD的保护效应则表现在女性的Q4组（OR=0.49,95% CI:0.26~0.93），患糖尿病群体的Q2和Q3组（Q2：OR=0.42，95% CI：0.20~0.89)；Q3：OR=0.45，95% CI：0.20~0.98)），以及患高血压的Q2组中（OR=0.56，95% CI：0.33~0.94）。交互作用分析结果显示，性别、年龄、是否患有糖尿病和是否患有高血压对类胡萝卜素摄入量与AD或PD的关联均不具有交互作用。
3　讨论
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本研究通过分析NHANES中23 108名参与者的综合数据探讨了膳食类胡萝卜素摄入量与神经退行性疾病风险之间的关联，结果表明，较高的膳食类胡萝卜素摄入量与较低的神经退行性疾病患病风险相关。亚组分析提示膳食类胡萝卜素摄入量与PD患病风险的关联在年龄>70岁、未患糖尿病和未换高血压人群中更加明显；与AD患病风险的关联在女性、患糖尿病和患高血压群体中更为明显。
先前的一项研究发现类胡萝卜素的高摄入量与年龄相关疾病 (ARD) 呈负相关[18]。某些类胡萝卜素（包括番茄红素、α-胡萝卜素和 β-胡萝卜素）的浓度在 PD 个体中明显较低[19]。然而，另一项研究显示摄入类胡萝卜素与 PD 风险无关[20]。在一项病例对照研究中，与认知功能正常的对照组相比，AD 患者血清中 6 种主要类胡萝卜素的水平显著降低[21]。流行病学研究还将类胡萝卜素消费与降低认知缺陷率和AD风险降低联系起来[22]。
类胡萝卜素通过多种途径延缓神经退行性疾病的进展，可抑制促炎细胞因子[23]、通过Nrf2信号通路减轻氧化应激[24]。有研究[25]报道了类胡萝卜素的作用，β-胡萝卜素可以阻断Aβ肽形成过程中Aβ42和Aβ40的寡聚化。此外，补充番茄红素还可以降低Aβ42诱导的脑炎细胞因子[26]。由于β-胡萝卜素与阿尔茨海默病相关受体的高结合能[27]，因此可能成为阿尔茨海默病的拮抗剂。PD 患者的血清α-胡萝卜素、β-胡萝卜素和番茄红素水平显著降低，血清类胡萝卜素水平降低也与运动功能较差有关[28]。在体内动物模型中，口服番茄红素可减轻小鼠腹腔注射MPTP诱导的氧化应激[29]。
本研究还探索了不同性别、不同年龄人群中类胡萝卜素摄入量与神经退行性疾病的关系。其中女性亚组中类胡萝卜素摄入量与AD关联较强。流行病学研究表明，女性AD患者占总AD 患者的三分之二[30]。雌激素对认知有保护作用[31]，40~60岁的围绝经期和绝经后妇女分泌的雌激素和孕激素减少[32]，更容易表现出 AD 内表型[33]。人群研究表明女性比男性摄入更多的水果、蔬菜，及其来源的类胡萝卜素[34]。此外，研究表明，摄入更多来源于大豆和水果等的植物雌激素不仅有助于提高女性抗氧化的能力[35]，且可以延缓或减轻女性与年龄相关的认知能力下降，而在男性中这一影响不明显[36]。此外，研究表明，由于抗氧化酶的不同表达和活性，男性的全身和血管氧化应激高于女性[37]，这可能解释了类胡萝卜素摄入量对AD风险降低作用的性别差异。在年龄亚组中，>70岁的人群中类胡萝卜素摄入量与PD关联较强。这可能是由于体内的氧化应激水平会随年龄增加，多巴胺神经元的损伤更严重，对类胡萝卜素的抗氧化作用更敏感。在未患糖尿病和未患高血压的人群中，类胡萝卜素摄入量与PD关联更强，而患糖尿病和患高血压的人群中类胡萝卜素摄入量与AD关联较强，原因或者机制尚不清楚，有待进一步探索。
本研究的优势在于，第一，样本量大，允许更高的统计功效；第二，调整了种族、教育水平、家庭贫困收入比、吸烟饮酒状况等影响因素以尽可能控制混杂对真实关联的干扰；第三，采用了亚组分析来探讨了性别和年龄对类胡萝卜素和神经退行性疾病关联的影响。然而，我们的研究也有一些局限性。首先，本横断面研究探讨了膳食类胡萝卜素摄入量与神经退行性疾病的相关性，尚需进一步的研究论证的二者的因果关系。其次，类胡萝卜素摄入量的数据来自回忆访谈的自我报告的膳食数据，这可能有一定的回忆偏倚。第三，研究人群来自美国，未来有必要在不同地区和遗传背景的人群中验证上述发现。
基金
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  • 国家自然科学基金面上项目(82173512)
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202411361
  • 接收时间：2024-11-19
  • 首发时间：2026-03-17
  • 出版时间：2025-04-25
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  • 收稿日期：2024-11-19
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国家自然科学基金面上项目(82173512)
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    1.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院，四川　成都　610041
    2.四川大学华西第二医院西部妇幼医学研究院妇儿营养中心
    3.四川大学华西护理学院

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
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