Article(id=1240730056557917022, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240730050669113883, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202409213, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1725984000000, receivedDateStr=2024-09-11, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773742697132, onlineDateStr=2026-03-17, pubDate=1745510400000, pubDateStr=2025-04-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773742697132, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773742697132, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773742697132, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240730050669113883, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='8', pageStart='1345', pageEnd='1536', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773742695728, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773742807836, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1240730520988995837, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240730050669113883, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1240730520988995838, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240730050669113883, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1435, endPage=1440, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240730056893461369, articleId=1240730056557917022, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=A study of the impact of DIP payment reform on health care costs for hospitalized patients with chronic respiratory disease in city A, Sichuan Province, columnId=1228016567846367388, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Health Policy and Management, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To analyze the impact of DIP payment reform on total hospitalization costs, drug costs, and treatment costs of hospitalized patients with chronic lung disease, and to provide a decision-making reference for the deepening reform of DIP.

Methods

Using the first national DIP pilot cities as a sample area, case data of 10 058 chronic lung patients hospitalized in provincial hospitals in the area were extracted for the study, and the causal effects of DIP on total patient costs, drug costs and treatment costs were estimated by the PSM-DID model.

Results

After the DIP payment reform, the total cost for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease decreased by 5.9% (P=0.001), were 1 162.92 yuan; the cost of medication decreased by 8.83% (P=0.003), were 477.21 yuan; and the cost of treatment decreased by 27.3% (P=0.001), were 152.54 yuan.

Conclusion

The DIP payment reform has achieved short-term reform effects on reducing total hospitalization costs, drug costs, and treatment costs for patients hospitalized with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In order to guarantee the continuous implementation of DIP, the medical insurance department should also continue to strengthen the supervision of the diagnosis and treatment process of medical institutions to maintain the long-term continuation of the effect of fee-control; medical institutions should further promote the refinement of management.

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目的

分析DIP支付改革对慢阻肺住院患者住院总费用、药品费用、治疗费用产生的影响,为DIP深化改革提供决策参考。

方法

以第一批DIP试点城市为样本地区,提取该地区省级医院10 058名慢阻肺住院患者病案数据进行研究,通过PSM-DID模型估计DIP对住院总费用、药品费用与治疗费用的因果效应。

结果

DIP支付改革后,慢阻肺患者的总费用下降5.9%(P=0.001)、即下降1 162.92元;药品费用下降8.83%(P=0.003)、即下降477.21元;治疗费下降27.3%(P=0.001)、即下降152.54元。

结论

DIP支付方式改革对降低慢阻肺住院患者住院总费用、药品费用、治疗费用取得了短期的改革效果。为保障DIP持续实施,医保部门应持续加强对医疗机构诊疗过程监管,保持控费效果长期延续;医疗机构应进一步推进精细化管理;持续完善DIP付费机制。

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黄宵,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=dLPhawj+L6tXFFhJkyciCw==, magXml=jBbyHnxMWpTU6/rdkd6MpQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=RCWJ4voibQPBgCT8td+zRg==, pdfFileSize=779938, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=gq+0pR/UuSQ4rvWhiCLZhQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=zEoGsG5fgBKvrmPYZjAIWQ==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

靳露(1997—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:公共管理(卫生经济与医疗保障)

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靳露(1997—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:公共管理(卫生经济与医疗保障)

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靳露(1997—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:公共管理(卫生经济与医疗保障)

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PSM results for treatment and control groups

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量类型均值标准化偏差标准化偏差变化t统计值
匹配前匹配后
性别匹配前1.2081.237-7.099.8-3.28
匹配后1.2081.20800.01
年龄匹配前73.05771.83912.499.15.79
匹配后73.05473.065-0.1-0.06
职业匹配前9.89810.389-28.795.7-12.69
匹配后9.8989.919-1.2-0.66
入院途径匹配前1.5221.549-5.260.2-2.37
匹配后1.5221.5122.11.21
婚姻情况匹配前3.2604.091-58.499.5-26.56
匹配后3.2613.2570.30.18
住院天数匹配前10.0459.4659.871.84.43
匹配后9.9889.8252.81.74
离院方式匹配前1.6801.717-3.287.9-1.49
匹配后1.6791.684-0.4-0.24
是否药物过敏匹配前0.0650.0602.325.31.03
匹配后0.0650.0611.71.00
有无其他诊断匹配前0.9960.997-0.5-29.0-0.22
匹配后0.9960.997-0.6-0.36
是否从事体力劳动匹配前0.1490.08619.694.18.63
匹配后0.1490.1461.20.62
其他手术及操作数量匹配前1.9410.79852.299.122.50
匹配后1.9391.9290.50.24
主要治疗方式匹配前2.0991.52830.097.213.73
匹配后2.0982.0810.90.50
), ArticleFig(id=1241070739445576491, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240730056557917022, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

处理组与对照组PSM结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量类型均值标准化偏差标准化偏差变化t统计值
匹配前匹配后
性别匹配前1.2081.237-7.099.8-3.28
匹配后1.2081.20800.01
年龄匹配前73.05771.83912.499.15.79
匹配后73.05473.065-0.1-0.06
职业匹配前9.89810.389-28.795.7-12.69
匹配后9.8989.919-1.2-0.66
入院途径匹配前1.5221.549-5.260.2-2.37
匹配后1.5221.5122.11.21
婚姻情况匹配前3.2604.091-58.499.5-26.56
匹配后3.2613.2570.30.18
住院天数匹配前10.0459.4659.871.84.43
匹配后9.9889.8252.81.74
离院方式匹配前1.6801.717-3.287.9-1.49
匹配后1.6791.684-0.4-0.24
是否药物过敏匹配前0.0650.0602.325.31.03
匹配后0.0650.0611.71.00
有无其他诊断匹配前0.9960.997-0.5-29.0-0.22
匹配后0.9960.997-0.6-0.36
是否从事体力劳动匹配前0.1490.08619.694.18.63
匹配后0.1490.1461.20.62
其他手术及操作数量匹配前1.9410.79852.299.122.50
匹配后1.9391.9290.50.24
主要治疗方式匹配前2.0991.52830.097.213.73
匹配后2.0982.0810.90.50
), ArticleFig(id=1241070739596571445, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240730056557917022, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

The impact of DIP payment reform on total hospitalised costs with COPD patient

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变量估计结果
(1)(2)(3)(4)
处理组0.030(0.019)0.036a(0.012)0.034a(0.012)0.034a(0.012)
DIDeffect0.030(0.030)-0.054a(0.018)-0.053a(0.018)-0.059a(0.017)
住院天数0.077a(0.002)0.076a(0.002)0.077a(0.002)
其他手术及操作数量0.015a(0.003)0.015a(0.003)0.007b(0.003)
主要治疗方式0.062a(0.003)0.061a(0.003)0.060a(0.003)
ICD前四位J44.00.205a(0.025)0.201a(0.024)
ICD前四位J44.10.193a(0.024)0.185a(0.024)
ICD前四位J44.8-0.190b(0.095)-0.138(0.093)
ICD前四位J44.9--
有无其他诊断0.409a(0.064)0.377a(0.062)
性别0.014(0.009)
年龄0.002a(0.000)
职业-0.010b(0.005)
婚姻情况0.017(0.011)
是否从事体力劳动-0.010(0.024)
入院途径-0.115a(0.008)
离院方式0.019a(0.004)
是否药物过敏-0.022c(0.013)
时间固定效应已控制已控制已控制已控制
医院固定效应已控制已控制已控制已控制
常数项9.430a(0.012)8.564a(0.021)8.493a(0.137)8.029a(0.096)
样本量(n)10 04810 04810 04810 048
R20.0280.5830.5900.604
), ArticleFig(id=1241070739709817658, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240730056557917022, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

DIP支付方式改革对慢阻肺住院患者住院总费用影响的DID分析表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量估计结果
(1)(2)(3)(4)
处理组0.030(0.019)0.036a(0.012)0.034a(0.012)0.034a(0.012)
DIDeffect0.030(0.030)-0.054a(0.018)-0.053a(0.018)-0.059a(0.017)
住院天数0.077a(0.002)0.076a(0.002)0.077a(0.002)
其他手术及操作数量0.015a(0.003)0.015a(0.003)0.007b(0.003)
主要治疗方式0.062a(0.003)0.061a(0.003)0.060a(0.003)
ICD前四位J44.00.205a(0.025)0.201a(0.024)
ICD前四位J44.10.193a(0.024)0.185a(0.024)
ICD前四位J44.8-0.190b(0.095)-0.138(0.093)
ICD前四位J44.9--
有无其他诊断0.409a(0.064)0.377a(0.062)
性别0.014(0.009)
年龄0.002a(0.000)
职业-0.010b(0.005)
婚姻情况0.017(0.011)
是否从事体力劳动-0.010(0.024)
入院途径-0.115a(0.008)
离院方式0.019a(0.004)
是否药物过敏-0.022c(0.013)
时间固定效应已控制已控制已控制已控制
医院固定效应已控制已控制已控制已控制
常数项9.430a(0.012)8.564a(0.021)8.493a(0.137)8.029a(0.096)
样本量(n)10 04810 04810 04810 048
R20.0280.5830.5900.604
), ArticleFig(id=1241070739844035395, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240730056557917022, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Estimates of DID for medical costs after different matching methods

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变量未使用PSM均值
核匹配近邻匹配半径匹配
住院总费用DIDeffect-0.056a(0.018)-0.061a(0.017)-0.061a(0.017)-0.059a(0.017)
药品费用DIDeffect-0.083a(0.029)-0.092a(0.028)-0.09233a(0.028)-0.088a(0.028)
治疗费用DIDeffect-0.266a(0.070)-0.276a(0.069)-0.276a(0.069)-0.273a(0.069)
样本量10 05610 05110 05110 048
控制变量已控制已控制已控制已控制
时间固定效应已控制已控制已控制已控制
医院固定效应已控制已控制已控制已控制
), ArticleFig(id=1241070739927921480, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240730056557917022, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同匹配方法后对医疗费用DID的估计结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量未使用PSM均值
核匹配近邻匹配半径匹配
住院总费用DIDeffect-0.056a(0.018)-0.061a(0.017)-0.061a(0.017)-0.059a(0.017)
药品费用DIDeffect-0.083a(0.029)-0.092a(0.028)-0.09233a(0.028)-0.088a(0.028)
治疗费用DIDeffect-0.266a(0.070)-0.276a(0.069)-0.276a(0.069)-0.273a(0.069)
样本量10 05610 05110 05110 048
控制变量已控制已控制已控制已控制
时间固定效应已控制已控制已控制已控制
医院固定效应已控制已控制已控制已控制
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四川省A市医保DIP支付方式改革对慢阻肺住院患者医疗费用的影响研究
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靳露 1 , 黄宵 1 , 潘冰玉 1 , 曾雪琴 1 , 吴康荣 2, 3
现代预防医学 | 卫生政策与管理 2025,52(8): 1435-1440
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现代预防医学 | 卫生政策与管理 2025, 52(8): 1435-1440
四川省A市医保DIP支付方式改革对慢阻肺住院患者医疗费用的影响研究
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靳露1, 黄宵1 , 潘冰玉1, 曾雪琴1, 吴康荣2, 3
作者信息
  • 1.西南医科大学人文与管理学院,四川 泸州 646000
  • 2.泸州市妇幼保健院(泸州市第二人民医院)
  • 3.医工医信融合与转化医学泸州市重点实验室
  • 靳露(1997—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:公共管理(卫生经济与医疗保障)

通讯作者:

黄宵,E-mail:
A study of the impact of DIP payment reform on health care costs for hospitalized patients with chronic respiratory disease in city A, Sichuan Province
Lu JIN1, Xiao HUANG1 , BIN-yu PAN1, Xue-qin ZENG1, Kang-rong WU2, 3
Affiliations
  • School of Humanities and Management Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
出版时间: 2025-04-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202409213
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目的

分析DIP支付改革对慢阻肺住院患者住院总费用、药品费用、治疗费用产生的影响,为DIP深化改革提供决策参考。

方法

以第一批DIP试点城市为样本地区,提取该地区省级医院10 058名慢阻肺住院患者病案数据进行研究,通过PSM-DID模型估计DIP对住院总费用、药品费用与治疗费用的因果效应。

结果

DIP支付改革后,慢阻肺患者的总费用下降5.9%(P=0.001)、即下降1 162.92元;药品费用下降8.83%(P=0.003)、即下降477.21元;治疗费下降27.3%(P=0.001)、即下降152.54元。

结论

DIP支付方式改革对降低慢阻肺住院患者住院总费用、药品费用、治疗费用取得了短期的改革效果。为保障DIP持续实施,医保部门应持续加强对医疗机构诊疗过程监管,保持控费效果长期延续;医疗机构应进一步推进精细化管理;持续完善DIP付费机制。

四川省  /  DIP支付方式改革  /  慢阻肺  /  医疗费用
Objective

To analyze the impact of DIP payment reform on total hospitalization costs, drug costs, and treatment costs of hospitalized patients with chronic lung disease, and to provide a decision-making reference for the deepening reform of DIP.

Methods

Using the first national DIP pilot cities as a sample area, case data of 10 058 chronic lung patients hospitalized in provincial hospitals in the area were extracted for the study, and the causal effects of DIP on total patient costs, drug costs and treatment costs were estimated by the PSM-DID model.

Results

After the DIP payment reform, the total cost for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease decreased by 5.9% (P=0.001), were 1 162.92 yuan; the cost of medication decreased by 8.83% (P=0.003), were 477.21 yuan; and the cost of treatment decreased by 27.3% (P=0.001), were 152.54 yuan.

Conclusion

The DIP payment reform has achieved short-term reform effects on reducing total hospitalization costs, drug costs, and treatment costs for patients hospitalized with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In order to guarantee the continuous implementation of DIP, the medical insurance department should also continue to strengthen the supervision of the diagnosis and treatment process of medical institutions to maintain the long-term continuation of the effect of fee-control; medical institutions should further promote the refinement of management.

Sichuan province  /  The DIP policy  /  COPD  /  Cost
靳露, 黄宵, 潘冰玉, 曾雪琴, 吴康荣. 四川省A市医保DIP支付方式改革对慢阻肺住院患者医疗费用的影响研究. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (8) : 1435 -1440 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202409213
Lu JIN, Xiao HUANG, BIN-yu PAN, Xue-qin ZENG, Kang-rong WU. A study of the impact of DIP payment reform on health care costs for hospitalized patients with chronic respiratory disease in city A, Sichuan Province[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (8) : 1435 -1440 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202409213
医保制度实施以来,出现了因信息不对称导致的医疗服务定价困境[1],医疗机构过度医疗[2]等现象。为更好地控制医疗费用不合理增长,我国推行出区域点数法总额预算和按病种分值付费(The Diagnosis-Intervention Packet,DIP)来结算住院费用。2020年11月国家医疗保障局公布71个第一批DIP试点城市名单。2021年,第一批试点城市正式开启实际付费。
DIP是通过“疾病诊断+治疗方式”对病案数据分类,并按照病种分值将病种打包付费的支付方式。由于地区政策存在差异,现有关于DIP费用影响的文献研究结果不一,同时多数研究对于偏倚的控制不足,且样本之间有较大差异,计算出的估计影响可能存在偏差。因此本文创新性引入倾向得分匹配-双重差分模型(propensity score matching- difference-in-difference,PSM-DID),先使用PSM进行匹配,再利用DID精准估计效应,以便控制内生性影响,减少偏倚。本文选取四川省DIP第一批试点城市之一A市省级医院的病案数据进行实证研究,通过PSM-DID对在DIP下住院总费用、药费以及治疗费用的影响进行估计,在丰富DIP政策效果的同时可以探究DIP对医疗费用产生的影响,为A市今后DIP改革提供决策参考。
数据来自A市两家省级三级甲等公立医院2019—2022年病案首页资料,选择患病率较高且诊疗组合方式多样的慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)作为研究病种。DIP结算需要完整病例数据,在先期试点中发现病案首页资料会影响入组情况和结算有效性[3-4]。因此为确保数据质量,选取病案信息较完整、可信度高且病例数量较多的两家省级医院进行分析。对患者个人信息已脱敏处理。
本研究选用双重差分模型(difference-in-difference,DID)对数据进行识别分析。DID是一种常用于估计政策干预和事件处置效应的方法[5],它将新政策视为外生于经济系统的一次“自然实验”[6],模型简单易用,回归估计方法成熟,能得到对政策效果的无偏估计[7]。因A市的DIP改革只涉及本市参保、本市就诊的参保患者,尚未覆盖到外市参保、自费病人,形成了天然的“准实验”效应,因此DID模型可精准识别。因本研究样本为重复截面数据,在个体数据上存在差异,为使处理组与对照组有更好的对比性,在使用DID前对处理组和对照组进行匹配。
匹配方法为倾向得分匹配法(propensity score matching,PSM),采用logit模型将多维协变量转换为一维的倾向得分,即每个个体接受处理行为(本文为本地参保、本地就诊患者)的概率,再根据倾向得分进行匹配[5]。估计式(1)如下:
式(1)中,Xi为参与匹配的控制变量,Di为是否是处理组;β为相关估计系数。因本文使用半径匹配法后共同域重合度更高,会使后续计算出的政策估计值更准确,因此在倾向得分得出后,通过半径匹配法将处理组与对照组进行匹配。
PSM后再进行DID分析,DID估计模型(2)如下:
式(2)中,Yith为被解释变量,表示在2019—2022年A市某省级医院某慢阻肺患者住院总费用、药品费用、治疗费用;TREATih表示患者是否为某医院的处理组,当i=1时为处理组,i=0时为对照组;TIMEth表示患者在某医院时DIP是否施行,t=1时表示DIP实际付费之后(2021.1.1—2022.12.31),t=0表示DIP实际付费之前(2019.1.1—2020.12.31);TIMEth*TREATih为交互项,即DIP支付改革的政策效应,表示DIP改革对慢阻肺患者支付的各类费用带来的影响,β1作为交互项系数是本研究关注的重点。当β1呈现负值,表明DIP使费用下降;当β1呈现正值,表明DIP使费用上升。
Xith为控制变量,结合梁家怡(2023),奉祁薇等(2023)等人的研究结果[8-12],选取性别、年龄、职业、入院途径、婚姻情况、有无其他诊断、是否从事体力劳动、其他手术操作数量、主要治疗方式、ICD前四位、是否药物过敏、住院天数、离院方式作为控制变量。
Hh为医院固定效应,用于控制医院层面不可观察因素;μt为时间固定效应,以年-月的形式表示,用于控制不可观测时间效应;εith为随机扰动项。
为控制不可观测变量的影响,使用PSM-DID模型,在PSM的基础上使用DID进行分析,具体模型(3)如下:
式(3)中,Yt1Yt0表示处理组在DIP实际付费前后的医疗费用,Yc1Yc0表示对照组在DIP实际付费前后的医疗费用;X表示倾向得分过程中的控制变量。
本文检验水准α=0.05。
本研究共纳入10 058例病例进行分析。其中处理组7 015例,占比69.75%,对照组3 043例,占比30.25%。从患者个体特征看,女性患者为2 181例,占比21.68%,男性患者为7 877例,占比78.32%;0~14岁患者1例,15~64岁患者1 817例,65岁以上患者8 240例,其中63~85岁的患者占到总样本的78.11%。从医疗费用看,总费用均值为15 512.59元;药品费用均值为5 727.91元;治疗费用均值为947.22元。
选取自变量TREAT和性别等12个控制变量作为匹配变量,并以卡尺为0.01的半径匹配法将处理组与对照组进行匹配。根据邱嘉平的研究[5],当偏差小于20时,可以认为标准化偏差是“小”的,即匹配后的处理组和对照组的特征偏差是可接受的。下表1可见,匹配后的各变量偏差均小于20,基本集中在0附近,匹配结果符合共同支撑域检验。
在倾向得分匹配完成后对样本进行双重差分处理,分别就住院总费用、药品费用和治疗费用进行评估。
首先对住院总费用进行回归分析,下表2为总费用的PSM-DID回归结果。第(1)列到第(4)列分别为基准模型与逐步加入控制变量后的估计结果。第(1)列为没有加入任何控制变量的回归结果,此时DID系数为正且无统计学意义;第(2)列到第(4)列是逐步添加治疗情况、疾病信息以及个人特征变量后的估计结果。可以看出在逐渐加入控制变量后,住院总费用分别下降5.4%,5.3%,5.9%。其中第(4)列在完全加入控制变量后,结果显示总费用下降了5.9%(P=0.001),即下降1 162.92元,表明DIP实施使总费用下降。
再对药品费用进行回归分析。同上述总费用加入的控制变量顺序相同,在没有添加控制变量时,DIP对总费用的影响为-3.3%,但没有统计学意义。在逐渐加入治疗情况、疾病信息的控制变量后,药费分别下降8.83%,8.58%。当完全加入控制变量后第(4)列DID系数显示下降了8.83%(P=0.003),即药品费用下降了477.21元,表明DIP实施使药品费用明显下降。
最后对治疗费用进行分析。与前述操作相同,在没有添加控制变量时,DIP对治疗费用影响为0.4%,无统计学意义。在逐渐加入控制变量后,治疗费用分别下降27.7%,26.2%。当控制变量被完全加入后,DID系数显示治疗费用下降了27.3%(P=0.001),即下降152.54元,表明DIP使治疗费用下降。
使用DID前提是要求处理组与对照组满足“平行趋势假设”,因此本文将2021年1月设为政策发生时点,即时点0,将2019年12月作为基期并绘图。由下图1~3可看出,在DIP实施之前的时点置信区间均包含0,说明处理组与对照组无明显差异,即满足DID模型使用前提。DIP实施后,置信区间位于水平线之下,且未包含0,说明对照组与实验组出现明显差异,即表明DIP对医疗费用产生影响。
为保证数据稳健性,排除因匹配方法选择对数据的影响,本文使用半径匹配后再采用核匹配与1对1近邻匹配对所有随机后数据进行匹配,得到结果见表3。可以看出DID结果趋势一致,说明研究结果稳健。
尽管本文控制了医院与时间双向固定效应,但受数据所限,仍可能存在其他无法观测的可能对回归结果造成影响的个人特征。因此进行安慰剂检验。交互项TREATih*TIMEth的系数估计值表达式(4)如下:
上式中z表示所涉及到的控制变量,γ为无法观测因素对被解释变量的影响。当γ=0时,表示无法观测因素对被解释变量没有影响,是无偏的。本研究将TREATih*TIMEth变得随机(由计算机随机生成),再将该随机过程重复500次,这样的随机处理能保证对被解释变量不会产生影响(即),处理结果如图4。随机处理后,β分布在0附近且呈现正态分布,可反推γ=0,表明无法观测的个人特征不会影响估计结果,研究结果稳健。
本文发现DIP改革使得慢阻肺住院患者短期内总费用、药品费用、治疗费用较改革前均有下降,这与曹颖[13],王颖等[14]的研究结论一致。从结果可看出,药品费用下降比例占总费用下降的41.03%,这是总费用下降的主要原因之一。分析可能原因为一方面,A市在改革前实施的按项目付费使医院收入与医疗服务数量挂钩,导致医院性质扭曲,为追求更高收入,医生给患者开具过量项目或药品。而DIP改革后,病种分值按照历史数据加权计算得出,同时通过大量真实病例数据建立数据库,在资源消耗上有了历史数据,这一定程度上抑制了医疗机构通过多做项目多开处方去实现多收入的行为,使得总费用下降。另一方面,在区域点数法总额预算下,地区医保基金有限,付费标准只能在年末清算时才能得知,医疗机构为降低替患者支付多余费用的概率,开始注重在药品、耗材等成本方面的控制,同时减少或替换了一些操作、手术,使得药品费用与治疗费用下降。这都说明DIP在A市的实施在短期内起到了控费效果。
A市的支付方式改革初见成效,但由于在改革初期,问题和矛盾层出不穷,为保障支付方式改革更长远、更广泛地推广,需要各方的共同协调、改进与配合。首先,医保部门应持续加强对医疗机构诊疗过程监管,保持控费效果长期延续。由于DIP的分组特性,在不能通过多诊疗、大处方获得大量收益后,医院或医生可能会采取分解入院、将费用转嫁至患者自付费用等其他操作以获得更多收入。其次,医疗机构应持续推进精细化管理。根据病种诊疗特点与严重程度等情况,医院应及时更新、完善治疗路径,选择高效优质且合理的方式进行治疗,在提高医疗效率的同时控制自身成本,降低发生在患者身上的不合理费用,促进医患双方共赢;最后,还应持续完善DIP付费机制。由于DIP付费标准是按照前三年历史数据进行测算,测算标准存在滞后性,会导致医保分值费用与资源消耗不匹配情况,医保机构应与医疗机构持续沟通与适度调整,使得价格标准更准确。
综上,本文从DIP支付改革对慢阻肺住院患者医疗费用的影响进行研究,研究内容尚存在不足。一是观测时间段、研究内容需进一步扩展;二是研究结果仅适用于省级医院;三是本文仅研究了一个病种观测DIP对费用的效果,观测范围较小。在今后,还将进一步扩大研究内容,使研究更加全面。
  • 泸州—医科大软科学项目(2024LZXNYDR006)
  • 医工医信融合与转化医学泸州市重点实验室(XGY202409)
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2025年第52卷第8期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202409213
  • 接收时间:2024-09-11
  • 首发时间:2026-03-17
  • 出版时间:2025-04-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-09-11
基金
泸州—医科大软科学项目(2024LZXNYDR006)
医工医信融合与转化医学泸州市重点实验室(XGY202409)
作者信息
    1.西南医科大学人文与管理学院,四川 泸州 646000
    2.泸州市妇幼保健院(泸州市第二人民医院)
    3.医工医信融合与转化医学泸州市重点实验室

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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xdyfyx/CN/10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202409213
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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