Article(id=1240730055328977276, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240730050669113883, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501157, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1736352000000, receivedDateStr=2025-01-09, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773742696839, onlineDateStr=2026-03-17, pubDate=1745510400000, pubDateStr=2025-04-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773742696839, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773742696839, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773742696839, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240730050669113883, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='8', pageStart='1345', pageEnd='1536', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773742695728, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773742807836, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1240730520988995837, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240730050669113883, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1240730520988995838, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240730050669113883, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1428, endPage=1434, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240730055664521609, articleId=1240730055328977276, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Current situation of the construction of the integration mechanism of medical treatment and prevention in infectious disease hospitals in China, columnId=1228016567846367388, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Health Policy and Management, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To understand the current situation of the construction of the integration mechanism of medical treatment and prevention in infectious disease hospitals in China, and to provide data support for the promotion of related work and policy formulation.

Methods

Based on the survey data of the construction of the integration mechanism of medical treatment and prevention in infectious disease hospitals in China, a quantitative analysis was conducted on the current situation of the related work of the integration of medical treatment and prevention in 97 secondary and tertiary infectious disease hospitals. A difference analysis was carried out on the current situation of the integration of medical treatment and prevention in different regions. Moreover, the t-SNE algorithm and data visualization were used to cluster the sample institutions for a comparative study at the hospital level.

Results

Among the sample institutions in the eastern region, 46.51% had policy support related to the integration of medical treatment and prevention at the provincial (municipal) level, with an obvious advantage compared to other regions (P=0.001). The proportions of sample institutions in the eastern and central regions that established internal systems for the integration of medical treatment and prevention were higher (P=0.015), accounting for 27.91% and 28.57% respectively. In terms of the proportion of infectious disease hospitals that independently set up public health departments: the eastern region had the highest proportion, accounting for 72.09%; the northeastern region had the lowest proportion, accounting for 20.00%; and there were significant statistical differences among different regions (P=0.001). The t-SNE algorithm grouped the sample institutions into three categories: head tertiary hospitals, typical secondary hospitals and medium-sized hospitals. The construction of the integration mechanism of medical treatment and prevention in the three hospitals in head tertiary hospitals was significantly better than that in the other two categories.

Conclusion

The work on the integration of medical treatment and prevention for infectious diseases in China is still in the stage of exploration and breakthrough. All regions should explore the models and paths for the integration of medical treatment and prevention for infectious diseases in combination with local actual situations. The pilot construction of the integration of medical treatment and prevention of infectious diseases at both the "regional" and "hospital" levels should be coordinated,in order to promote infectious disease hospitals to better fulfill their public health functions, and take this as a breakthrough to open up the effective integration and interconnection of personnel, information and resources between medical institutions and disease control institutions.

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目的

了解我国传染病医院医防融合机制建设的现状,为相关工作的推进和政策制定提供数据支撑。

方法

基于对我国传染病医院医防融合机制建设情况调查数据,量化分析97家二三级传染病医院医防融合相关工作开展现状,对不同地区的医防融合工作现状进行差异性分析,并利用t-SNE算法和数据可视化对样本机构聚类,进行医院层面的对比研究。

结果

东部地区样本机构有46.51%在省(市)层面有医防融合相关政策支持,相比其他地区优势明显(P=0.001)。东部地区和中部地区的样本机构建立医防融合内部制度的比例更高(P=0.015),分别占比27.91%和28.57%。传染病医院独立设置公共卫生科的比例方面:东部地区最高,占比72.09%;东北地区最低,占比20.00%;各地区之间存在显著统计学差异(P=0.001)。t-SNE算法将样本机构聚为头部三级医院、典型二级医院和中等规模医院三类,头部三级医院中的3家医院的医防融合机制建设明显优于其他两类。

结论

总体上看,我国传染病医防融合工作仍处于探索和破局阶段。各地应结合地方实际情况探索传染病医防融合模式和路径,统筹“区域”和“医院”两个层面的传染病医防融合试点建设,推动传染病医院更好的履行其公共卫生职能,以此为突破口打通医疗机构和疾控机构间人员、信息和资源的有效互融互通。

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陈效友和简伟研为共同通信作者。陈效友,E-mail:
简伟研,E-mail:
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郝一炜(1988—),男,博士,高级统计师,研究方向:生物医学统计、卫生政策研究、抽样调查技术

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郝一炜(1988—),男,博士,高级统计师,研究方向:生物医学统计、卫生政策研究、抽样调查技术

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Discussion on dealing with the outbreak of major infectious diseases of infectious disease hospitals in peacetime and wartime[J]. Chinese Hospital Management, 2023, 43(9): 65-68. (In Chinese), articleTitle=Discussion on dealing with the outbreak of major infectious diseases of infectious disease hospitals in peacetime and wartime, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241070741618217547, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240730055328977276, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=41, issue=2, pageStart=129, pageEnd=132, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=28, authorNames=王悦, 马晓静, 贾梦, journalName=中国社会医学杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王悦,马晓静,贾梦,等.基于主题框架分析的浙江省公立医院传染病医防融合案例研究[J].中国社会医学杂志2024, 41(2): 129-132., articleTitle=基于主题框架分析的浙江省公立医院传染病医防融合案例研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241070741706297934, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240730055328977276, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=41, issue=2, pageStart=129, pageEnd=132, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=29, authorNames=Wang Y, Ma XJ, Jia M, journalName=Chinese Journal of Social Medicine, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang Y, Ma XJ, Jia M, et al. Case study on medicine and prevention integration for infectious diseases based on thematic framework analysis of public hospitals in Zhejiang province[J]. Chinese Journal of Social Medicine, 2024, 41(2): 129-132. (In Chinese), articleTitle=Case study on medicine and prevention integration for infectious diseases based on thematic framework analysis of public hospitals in Zhejiang province, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241070738690593286, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240730055328977276, awardId=QML20231806, language=CN, fundingSource=北京市医院管理中心“青苗”计划专项经费(QML20231806), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241070738770285067, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240730055328977276, awardId=null, language=CN, fundingSource=国家疾病预防控制局传防司2024年委托项目, fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241070733481267496, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240730055328977276, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241070733489656103, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240730055328977276, companyId=1241070733481267496, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Beijing Ditan Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241070733498044712, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240730055328977276, companyId=1241070733481267496, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.首都医科大学附属北京地坛医院,北京 100015)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241070733611290924, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240730055328977276, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241070733619679534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240730055328977276, companyId=1241070733611290924, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.国家传染病医学中心(北京))]), AuthorCompany(id=1241070733728731440, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240730055328977276, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241070733745508661, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240730055328977276, companyId=1241070733728731440, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.北京大学公共卫生学院)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241070737948201448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240730055328977276, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Visualization of the t-SNE algorithm results, figureFileSmall=oh7G59dR3qtkVYQ4uW3FUg==, figureFileBig=x1zWcQGRoEm6m0R6CEYPlA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241070738027893229, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240730055328977276, language=CN, label=图1, caption=t-SNE算法结果可视化, figureFileSmall=oh7G59dR3qtkVYQ4uW3FUg==, figureFileBig=x1zWcQGRoEm6m0R6CEYPlA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241070738212442613, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240730055328977276, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Comparative analysis of regional differences in the construction of the integration mechanism of medical treatment and prevention in infectious disease hospitals[n(%) or M(P25, P75)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标地区统计量P
东部地区东北地区中部地区西部地区
级别-0.100
二级12(27.91)12(60.00)3(42.86)12(44.44)
三级31(72.09)8(40.00)4(57.14)15(55.56)
床位数(张)400(205,951)335.5(200,437.5)300(92,730)400(200,700)4.864a0.182
省市政策出台15.7820.001
23(53.49)19(95.00)7(100.00)21(77.78)
20(46.51)1(5.00)0(0.00)6(22.22)
内部制度制定-0.015
31(72.09)20(100.00)5(71.43)24(88.89)
12(27.91)0(0.00)2(28.57)3(11.11)
独立公共卫生科-0.001
12(27.91)16(80.00)3(42.86)11(40.74)
31(72.09)4(20.00)4(57.14)16(59.26)
人员交叉机制-0.799
12(27.91)5(25.00)3(42.86)9(33.33)
31(72.09)15(75.00)4(57.14)18(66.67)
与疾控机构资源共享-0.328
16(37.21)12(60.00)2(28.57)12(44.44)
27(62.79)8(40.00)5(71.43)15(55.56)
与疾控机构信息衔接-0.574
无衔接19(44.19)10(50.00)3(42.86)7(25.93)
部分衔接18(41.86)8(40.00)4(57.14)17(62.96)
全部衔接6(13.95)2(10.00)0(0.00)3(11.11)
), ArticleFig(id=1241070738317300213, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240730055328977276, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

传染病医院医防融合机制建设的地区差异对比分析[n(%)或M(P25, P75)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标地区统计量P
东部地区东北地区中部地区西部地区
级别-0.100
二级12(27.91)12(60.00)3(42.86)12(44.44)
三级31(72.09)8(40.00)4(57.14)15(55.56)
床位数(张)400(205,951)335.5(200,437.5)300(92,730)400(200,700)4.864a0.182
省市政策出台15.7820.001
23(53.49)19(95.00)7(100.00)21(77.78)
20(46.51)1(5.00)0(0.00)6(22.22)
内部制度制定-0.015
31(72.09)20(100.00)5(71.43)24(88.89)
12(27.91)0(0.00)2(28.57)3(11.11)
独立公共卫生科-0.001
12(27.91)16(80.00)3(42.86)11(40.74)
31(72.09)4(20.00)4(57.14)16(59.26)
人员交叉机制-0.799
12(27.91)5(25.00)3(42.86)9(33.33)
31(72.09)15(75.00)4(57.14)18(66.67)
与疾控机构资源共享-0.328
16(37.21)12(60.00)2(28.57)12(44.44)
27(62.79)8(40.00)5(71.43)15(55.56)
与疾控机构信息衔接-0.574
无衔接19(44.19)10(50.00)3(42.86)7(25.93)
部分衔接18(41.86)8(40.00)4(57.14)17(62.96)
全部衔接6(13.95)2(10.00)0(0.00)3(11.11)
), ArticleFig(id=1241070738396991992, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240730055328977276, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Comparative analysis of the differences in the construction of the integration mechanism of medical treatment and prevention in hospitals of different cluster categories[n(%) or M(P25, P75)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标t-SNE聚类统计量/两两比较P值/两两比较
头部三级医院典型二级医院中等规模医院
级别-/89.954<0.001/<0.001
二级0(0)38(100)1(1.79)
三级3(100)0(0)55(98.21)
床位数(张)2 059(2 000,2 237.5)200(133.25,300)550.50(377.25,788.75)47.066a/234.00#<0.001/<0.001
省市政策出台-/1.6960.013/0.233
0(0)31(81.58)39(69.64)
3(100)7(18.42)17(30.36)
内部制度制定-/2.4650.001/0.116
0(0)35(92.11)45(80.36)
3(100)3(7.89)11(19.64)
独立公共卫生科-0.435
0(0)17(44.74)25(44.64)
3(100)21(55.26)31(55.36)
人员交叉机制-0.412
0(0)14(36.84)15(26.79)
3(100)24(63.16)41(73.21)
与疾控机构资源共享-0.197
0(0)14(36.84)28(50)
3(100)24(63.16)28(50)
与疾控机构信息衔接-/4.2610.021/0.119
无衔接0(0)12(31.58)27(48.21)
部分衔接1(33.33)20(52.63)26(46.43)
全部衔接2(66.67)6(15.79)3(5.36)
), ArticleFig(id=1241070738506043900, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240730055328977276, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同聚类类别医院医防融合机制建设的差异对比分析[n(%) 或M(P25, P75)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标t-SNE聚类统计量/两两比较P值/两两比较
头部三级医院典型二级医院中等规模医院
级别-/89.954<0.001/<0.001
二级0(0)38(100)1(1.79)
三级3(100)0(0)55(98.21)
床位数(张)2 059(2 000,2 237.5)200(133.25,300)550.50(377.25,788.75)47.066a/234.00#<0.001/<0.001
省市政策出台-/1.6960.013/0.233
0(0)31(81.58)39(69.64)
3(100)7(18.42)17(30.36)
内部制度制定-/2.4650.001/0.116
0(0)35(92.11)45(80.36)
3(100)3(7.89)11(19.64)
独立公共卫生科-0.435
0(0)17(44.74)25(44.64)
3(100)21(55.26)31(55.36)
人员交叉机制-0.412
0(0)14(36.84)15(26.79)
3(100)24(63.16)41(73.21)
与疾控机构资源共享-0.197
0(0)14(36.84)28(50)
3(100)24(63.16)28(50)
与疾控机构信息衔接-/4.2610.021/0.119
无衔接0(0)12(31.58)27(48.21)
部分衔接1(33.33)20(52.63)26(46.43)
全部衔接2(66.67)6(15.79)3(5.36)
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我国传染病医院医防融合机制建设现状分析
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郝一炜 1, 2 , 李冰 1, 2 , 魏丽荣 1, 2 , 万钢 1, 2 , 陈效友 1, 2 , 简伟研 3
现代预防医学 | 卫生政策与管理 2025,52(8): 1428-1434
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现代预防医学 | 卫生政策与管理 2025, 52(8): 1428-1434
我国传染病医院医防融合机制建设现状分析
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郝一炜1, 2, 李冰1, 2, 魏丽荣1, 2, 万钢1, 2, 陈效友1, 2 , 简伟研3
作者信息
  • 1.首都医科大学附属北京地坛医院,北京 100015
  • 2.国家传染病医学中心(北京)
  • 3.北京大学公共卫生学院
  • 郝一炜(1988—),男,博士,高级统计师,研究方向:生物医学统计、卫生政策研究、抽样调查技术

通讯作者:

陈效友和简伟研为共同通信作者。陈效友,E-mail:
简伟研,E-mail:
Current situation of the construction of the integration mechanism of medical treatment and prevention in infectious disease hospitals in China
Yi-wei HAO1, 2, Bing LI1, 2, Li-rong WEI1, 2, Gang WAN1, 2, Xiao-you CHEN1, 2 , Wei-Yan JIAN3
Affiliations
  • Beijing Ditan Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China
出版时间: 2025-04-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501157
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目的

了解我国传染病医院医防融合机制建设的现状,为相关工作的推进和政策制定提供数据支撑。

方法

基于对我国传染病医院医防融合机制建设情况调查数据,量化分析97家二三级传染病医院医防融合相关工作开展现状,对不同地区的医防融合工作现状进行差异性分析,并利用t-SNE算法和数据可视化对样本机构聚类,进行医院层面的对比研究。

结果

东部地区样本机构有46.51%在省(市)层面有医防融合相关政策支持,相比其他地区优势明显(P=0.001)。东部地区和中部地区的样本机构建立医防融合内部制度的比例更高(P=0.015),分别占比27.91%和28.57%。传染病医院独立设置公共卫生科的比例方面:东部地区最高,占比72.09%;东北地区最低,占比20.00%;各地区之间存在显著统计学差异(P=0.001)。t-SNE算法将样本机构聚为头部三级医院、典型二级医院和中等规模医院三类,头部三级医院中的3家医院的医防融合机制建设明显优于其他两类。

结论

总体上看,我国传染病医防融合工作仍处于探索和破局阶段。各地应结合地方实际情况探索传染病医防融合模式和路径,统筹“区域”和“医院”两个层面的传染病医防融合试点建设,推动传染病医院更好的履行其公共卫生职能,以此为突破口打通医疗机构和疾控机构间人员、信息和资源的有效互融互通。

传染病防控  /  医防融合  /  公共卫生科  /  t-SNE聚类算法
Objective

To understand the current situation of the construction of the integration mechanism of medical treatment and prevention in infectious disease hospitals in China, and to provide data support for the promotion of related work and policy formulation.

Methods

Based on the survey data of the construction of the integration mechanism of medical treatment and prevention in infectious disease hospitals in China, a quantitative analysis was conducted on the current situation of the related work of the integration of medical treatment and prevention in 97 secondary and tertiary infectious disease hospitals. A difference analysis was carried out on the current situation of the integration of medical treatment and prevention in different regions. Moreover, the t-SNE algorithm and data visualization were used to cluster the sample institutions for a comparative study at the hospital level.

Results

Among the sample institutions in the eastern region, 46.51% had policy support related to the integration of medical treatment and prevention at the provincial (municipal) level, with an obvious advantage compared to other regions (P=0.001). The proportions of sample institutions in the eastern and central regions that established internal systems for the integration of medical treatment and prevention were higher (P=0.015), accounting for 27.91% and 28.57% respectively. In terms of the proportion of infectious disease hospitals that independently set up public health departments: the eastern region had the highest proportion, accounting for 72.09%; the northeastern region had the lowest proportion, accounting for 20.00%; and there were significant statistical differences among different regions (P=0.001). The t-SNE algorithm grouped the sample institutions into three categories: head tertiary hospitals, typical secondary hospitals and medium-sized hospitals. The construction of the integration mechanism of medical treatment and prevention in the three hospitals in head tertiary hospitals was significantly better than that in the other two categories.

Conclusion

The work on the integration of medical treatment and prevention for infectious diseases in China is still in the stage of exploration and breakthrough. All regions should explore the models and paths for the integration of medical treatment and prevention for infectious diseases in combination with local actual situations. The pilot construction of the integration of medical treatment and prevention of infectious diseases at both the "regional" and "hospital" levels should be coordinated,in order to promote infectious disease hospitals to better fulfill their public health functions, and take this as a breakthrough to open up the effective integration and interconnection of personnel, information and resources between medical institutions and disease control institutions.

Infectious disease prevention and control  /  Integration of medical treatment and prevention  /  Public health department  /  t-SNE clustering algorithm
郝一炜, 李冰, 魏丽荣, 万钢, 陈效友, 简伟研. 我国传染病医院医防融合机制建设现状分析. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (8) : 1428 -1434 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501157
Yi-wei HAO, Bing LI, Li-rong WEI, Gang WAN, Xiao-you CHEN, Wei-Yan JIAN. Current situation of the construction of the integration mechanism of medical treatment and prevention in infectious disease hospitals in China[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (8) : 1428 -1434 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501157
近年来,与医防融合相关的卫生政策研究得到广泛关注。2023年3月,中办、国办印发的《关于进一步完善医疗卫生服务体系的意见》(中办发〔2023〕10号)(以下简称《意见》)中明确指出:“创新医防协同、医防融合机制。公立医院设立公共卫生科等直接从事疾病预防控制工作的科室。全面推进医疗机构和专业公共卫生机构的深度协作,建立人才流动、交叉培训、服务融合、信息共享等机制”。《意见》的印发明确了公共卫生科在医疗机构医防融合机制建设中的抓手作用,也进一步明确了“人员通、资源通、信息通”的医防融合机制建设目标。
传染病医院作为国家公共卫生体系的重要组成部分,在日常传染病患者诊疗和应对突发传染病疫情中发挥了极其重要的作用。传染病医院医防融合机制建设对提升传染病诊治能力、重大疫情早发现能力和新发突发传染病应对能力具有重要意义,是守卫人民群众生命健康、保障经济社会稳定和国家安全的重要保障[1-2]。现有的针对医防融合的研究主要有三类:一是宏观层面的研究,侧重医防融合理论框架和工作制度[3-6];二是微观层面的研究,从一家单位的角度总结相关工作经验[7-8];三是中观层面的研究,基于定性研究方法总结典型地区的医防融合工作经验和实现路径[9-10]。本文从我国传染病医院的全局视角出发,通过调查研究了解我国传染病医院医防融合机制建设情况,对从全局层面统筹我国医防融合推进和相关政策制定具有较大意义,为相关工作的开展提供有力的定量数据支撑和现实依据。
本研究数据来源于疾控行政主管部门2023年开展的全国传染病医防融合工作开展情况问卷调查,调查对象为二、三级注册性质为传染病专科医院、结核病专科医院和专病防治院(所、站)。本次调查围绕《意见》对医防融合机制的建设要求,采集了医院规模信息和医防融合机制建设现状等信息。排除作答不完整和信息存在偏误的问卷,最终纳入97家样本机构开展研究,覆盖我国16个省和2个直辖市,依照国家统计局的经济区域划分,各个区域样本量为:东部地区43家、东北地区20家、中部地区7家、西部地区27家。本研究的样本机构未涉及港澳台地区。
使用频率和百分比对计数资料进行描述性分析,使用Pearson卡方检验或Fisher确切概率法对组间差异进行检验。使用均值±标准差对正态分布计量资料进行描述性分析,使用单因素方差分析对组间差异进行检验。使用中位数和四分位数对非正态计量资料进行描述性分析,使用非参数检验对组间差异进行检验。上述分析均采用SPSS 22.0软件执行,统计学检验在95%置信度下执行双侧检验,检验水准α=0.05。涉及多重比较场景时,采用Bonferroni法对统计检验显著性界限进行校正。
t-分布式随机邻域嵌入(t-Distribution Stochastic Neighbor Embedding,简称:t-SNE)是一种非线性聚类算法,能将具有较多特征指标的高维度数据降至二维,便于数据可视化和后续分析。本研究使用R语言(4.1.2版本)中的Rtsne程序包运行t-SNE算法,将数据降成二维后使用R语言(4.1.2版本)中的ggplot2程序包对数据进行可视化,通过数据回溯进一步深入分析样本机构传染病医防融合机制建设的差异性。
97家样本机构基础信息:三级医院58家(59.79%),二级医院39家(40.21%);平均床位数494.45张,中位床位数378张;医防融合机制建设现状:27家(27.84%)样本机构所在省(市)制定了医防融合相关政策;17家(17.53%)样本机构制定了医防融合相关内部制度;55家(56.70%)样本机构独立设置了公共卫生科;68家(70.10%)样本机构与当地疾控机构建立传染病防治人员交叉培训和学习交流机制;55家(56.70%)样本机构与疾控机构在传染病防控、临床诊疗、教学科研等方面有资源共享;11家(11.34%)样本机构与疾控机构之间信息实现完全衔接,47家(48.45%)样本机构与疾控机构之间信息实现部分衔接,39家(40.21%)样本机构未建立信息衔接。
东部地区、东北地区、中部地区和西部地区传染病医院特征和医防融合机制建设现状差异分析结果见表1。各地区样本机构的级别构成和床位数均未体现出显著统计学差异。东部地区样本机构在省(市)政策出台方面体现出明显的优势(P=0.001),有46.51%的样本机构所在省(市)有相关政策支持。东部地区和中部地区的样本机构建立内部制度的比例更高(P=0.015),分别占比27.91%和28.57%。东部地区样本机构独立设置公共卫生科的比例最高,占比72.09%;东北地区样本机构独立设置公共卫生科的比例最低,占比20.00%;各地区之间存在显著统计学差异(P=0.001)。各地区样本机构在人员交叉机制建立、与疾控机构资源共享、与疾控机构信息衔接方面均未体现出显著统计学差异。
设置随机种子后,通过调参选取困惑度参数为14,进行t-SNE聚类。对数据进行降维处理后进行二维散点图可视化,东部、东北、中部和西部地区样本机构的散点分别用不同形状标注以作区分,见图1图1中的横纵坐标轴分别表示t-SNE算法降维后的两个维度指标,其数值无实际含义,仅用于可视化时确定相应样本机构在二维坐标系中的位点。由图可见,97家样本机构在二维坐标系中聚集在三个区域,坐标系最上方有3家样本机构成为一类,另有两类分别分散在坐标系的左右两侧,t-SNE算法聚类分析区分度较好。基于聚类结果对数据进行回溯,可总结三个类别的特征:位于坐标系最上方的为3家 “头部三级医院”,均为床位数在2 000张以上的三级传染病医院,均位于东部地区;位于坐标系右下方的为“典型二级医院”,共38家,均为二级医院,中位床位数200张;位于坐标系左下方的为“中等规模医院”,包含55家三级医院和1家二级医院,中位床位数为550.50张。
三个类别医院的医防融合机制建设情况交叉对比结果见表2。由表2可见,头部三级医院在省市和机构层面均有医防融合相关政策和制度建立,均设置有独立公共卫生科,在人员交叉机制、与疾控机构资源共享以及与疾控机构信息衔接方面的机制建设均较为完善。由于头部三级医院涉及的样本机构仅有3家且医防融合机制建设现状明显更优,对存在统计学差异的指标进一步做两两比较,对比典型二级医院和中等规模医院的差异,表2中相应指标的统计量和P值所在列有“/”标记,其右侧展示的是典型二级医院和中等规模医院两两比较的相应结果,基于Bonferroni法校正以P<0.016为存在显著统计学差异。两两比较结果显示,典型二级医院和中等规模医院样本机构仅在级别和床位数之间存在显著统计学差异,说明其差异主要体现在医院规模层面,医防融合机制建设现状方面两类别之间并未体现出显著统计学差异。
综合表1表2结果可见,样本机构医防融合机制建设现状差异较大。一是地区差异,东部地区具有更强的地方性医防融合相关政策保障和医院内部医防融合相关制度建设基础,且独立设置公共卫生科的比例超过70%,医防融合机制建设成熟度高于其他三个地区。二是规模差异,头部三级医院的医防融合机制建设具有较高的成熟度,典型二级医院的医防融合机制建设相关政策支持和制度保障力度亟待提高,中等规模医院则在与疾控机构的资源共享和信息互联互通方面存在短板。综上,在人员交流、信息共享和资源共享等医防融合机制具体建设执行层面,大部分样本机构都仍有进一步提升空间,这正是长期以来重医轻防导致的[11]。因此,我国的传染病医防融合工作整体上仍处在探索和破局阶段。对绝大部分地区而言,需要从政策制度保障层面为传染病医防融合机制建设创造条件,具备较好工作基础的地区则应进一步推动传染病医院更好的履行其公共卫生职能,以此为突破口打通医院和疾控机构间人员、信息和资源的有效互融互通。
传染病医院的医防融合相关机制建设主要针对传染病防治,与依托基层医疗卫生机构开展的慢病医防融合工作相比[12-13],有着更为突出的难点:首先,传染病医院普遍存在业务单一、运营困难、人才短缺、政策保障不稳定等难题,一定程度上限制了医防融合机制建设的推进,这也是绝大多数典型二级医院面临的问题;其次,传染病医院既承担艾滋、病毒性肝炎和结核病等慢性传染病定点收治任务,又肩负虫媒传染病和布氏杆菌病等地方性传染病定点收治任务,还要面临新发突发传染病和未知病原体带来的挑战,针对不同病种的医防融合路径各不相同;最后,全国各地人口规模和经济水平差异巨大,对传染病医院平急转换和应急储备的建设要求也各不相同[14],较难形成统一标准的医防融合机制建设模式。
因此,传染病医院医防融合机制建设必然要结合本地区实际情况探索实现路径和发展方向。在经济欠发达地区,可从当地发病率较高、对人民群众健康危害较大的传染病单病种入手,充分融合传染病医院和疾控机构各自的优势,探索防、治、康、管的全流程服务模式;在人口量较大的发达地区,可从平台建设和机制突破角度入手,加强传染病医院和疾控机构在监测预警、检验检测、科研教学等方面的业务融合,依托信息化建设搭建立体化的传染病防控网络,依托智能化建设筑牢多维度的传染病防控屏障,一体化推进传染病医防融合机制建设和传染病防控平急转换机制建设。
已有研究表明,浙江省全省范围内的公立医院传染病医防融合已经取得一定进展并总结了相应经验[15],这说明从“区域层面”整体进行统筹规划是推动医防融合机制建设并总结有益经验的重要手段,具备一定工作基础的地方,应当将传染病医防融合机制建设的范围拓宽至包括传染病医院在内的全部公立医院。本研究在调查过程中发现,一些地市级行政区内没有注册性质为传染病专科医院、结核病专科医院或者专病防治院(所、站)的医疗机构,承担传染病医疗服务的是综合医院的感染性疾病科或者独立的传染病院区,地方政府针对传染病医防融合机制建设应当有更加科学的顶层设计。
基于对本文样本机构的调查研究发现,头部三级医院在医防融合机制建设方面取得了一定成果,从“医院层面”在实践中较为深入地贯彻落实了《意见》对于医防融合机制建设的要求。综合已有研究中发现的“区域层面”经验和本研究发现的“医院层面”亮点,笔者建议在今后的传染病医防融合机制建设工作中应当充分发挥试点建设辐射作用,而且要统筹“区域”和“医院”两个层面的传染病医防融合试点建设工作,搭建多角度、深层次的医防融合机制建设路径,通过试点建设总结有益经验,促进承担传染病诊疗职能的医疗机构更深入地推动医防融合机制建设,更全面地履行其公共卫生职能。
在理论价值层面上,本文的研究聚焦于传染病医院医防融合机制建设,填补了医防融合相关理论研究的空白;在现实价值层面上,本研究为我国传染病医院医防融合机制建设和相关政策制定提供了定量数据层面的参考材料,t-SNE聚类算法的应用丰富了开展医防融合相关研究的方法路径。本研究的不足之处在于样本机构并未覆盖全部省级行政区,但97家样本机构对我国四大经济区域各种规模的传染病医院均有包含,一定程度上能够保证样本代表性和结果可靠性。在今后的研究中,应结合统计学模型量化分析经济基础、政策保障、工作机制建设等因素对医院和疾控机构在人员、信息、资源互融互通建设成果的传导机制,从数据挖掘层面为传染病医院承担公共卫生职能,加强医防融合机制建设提供更加精细的数据支撑。上述问题有待业界学者结合实际开展更加深入的研究。
  • 北京市医院管理中心“青苗”计划专项经费(QML20231806)
  • 国家疾病预防控制局传防司2024年委托项目
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2025年第52卷第8期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501157
  • 接收时间:2025-01-09
  • 首发时间:2026-03-17
  • 出版时间:2025-04-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-01-09
基金
北京市医院管理中心“青苗”计划专项经费(QML20231806)
国家疾病预防控制局传防司2024年委托项目
作者信息
    1.首都医科大学附属北京地坛医院,北京 100015
    2.国家传染病医学中心(北京)
    3.北京大学公共卫生学院

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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