Article(id=1240730054016160078, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240730050669113883, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202412536, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1735488000000, receivedDateStr=2024-12-30, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773742696527, onlineDateStr=2026-03-17, pubDate=1745510400000, pubDateStr=2025-04-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773742696527, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773742696527, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773742696527, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240730050669113883, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='8', pageStart='1345', pageEnd='1536', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773742695728, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773742807836, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1240730520988995837, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240730050669113883, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1240730520988995838, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240730050669113883, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1398, endPage=1404, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240730054368481620, articleId=1240730054016160078, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Analysis of gut microbiome structure in different BMI groups and its correlation with energy metabolism, columnId=1228016572783063333, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Nutrition and Food Hygiene, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the differences in gut microbiota and energy metabolism among individuals with varying body mass index (BMI) levels, and to provide insights for the prevention and treatment of overweight and obesity.

Methods

A total of 98 healthy adults were recruited from Chengdu, categorized into four groups based on BMI: overweight (n=16), obesity (n=15), underweight (n=16), and normal weight (n=51). Participants underwent questionnaire surveys, physical examinations, body composition analysis, biochemical tests, and energy expenditure measurements. Fecal samples were collected for 16S rDNA sequencing and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) metabolomics analysis. Univariate analysis of variance and chi-square tests were performed to compare differences in gut microbiota structure and energy metabolism among the four groups.

Results

Gut microbiota structure analysis: Significant differences were observed in the gut microbiota structure among the four groups, with statistical significance in ACE and Chao1 indices (P=0.003, P=0.003). The normal weight group exhibited higher ACE and Chao1 indices compared to other groups, indicating a higher species richness. The relative abundance of different bacteria varied across groups. Compared to the normal weight group, the overweight, obese, and underweight groups showed reduced species richness and lower relative abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacterium. Functional metabolic pathways of the gut microbiota were altered in these groups, with significant differences in the synthesis and metabolism of various amino acids, including glycine, in the overweight and obese groups (P=0.009, P=0.032).Correlation with BMI and energy expenditure indicators: The gut microbiota structure was associated with different levels of energy metabolism indicators. Bifidobacterium was positively correlated with cold-induced thermogenesis (CIT) (P=0.011), while Bifidobacterium animalis was negatively correlated with BMI and basal energy expenditure (BEE) (P<0.001), and positively correlated with CIT (P=0.029).

Conclusion

There are differences in gut microbiota structure and functional metabolic pathways among individuals with different BMI levels. The gut microbiota structure is associated with various energy metabolism indicators at different levels. These findings suggest that gut microbiota may play a role in energy metabolism and could be a potential target for interventions aimed at preventing and treating overweight and obesity.

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目的

探索不同BMI人群肠道菌群和能量代谢的差异,为防治超重和肥胖提供参考。

方法

在成都市招募98名健康成人,根据体质量指数(BMI)分为超重组(n=16)、肥胖组(n=15)、消瘦组(n=16)和正常体重组(n=51)。完成问卷调查、体格测量、体成分分析、生化检测和能量消耗测量,采集粪便样本,进行16S rDNA测序和气相色谱质谱法(Gaschromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS)代谢组学分析,通过单因素方差分析及卡方检验进行分析,比较四组在肠道菌群结构和能量代谢的差异。

结果

肠道菌群结构分析:四组肠道菌群结构存在差异:四组间在ACE指数和Chao1指数上差异有统计学意义(P=0.003,P=0.003)。正常体重组的ACE指数和Chao1指数均高于其他组,四组之间在不同水平上的相对丰度有不同差异。与正常组相比,超重组、肥胖组和消瘦组菌群物种丰富度降低,Bifidobacterium等有益菌相对丰度下降。与正常组相比,超重组、肥胖组和消瘦组菌群功能代谢通路发生改变,超重、肥胖组在甘氨酸等多种氨基酸的生物合成与代谢等方面的功能有显著差异(P=0.009,P=0.032)。与BMI及能量消耗指标相关关系:肠道菌群结构在不同水平上与能量代谢相关指标有不同的关联,其中Bifidobacterium与冷诱导产热(Cold-induced thermogenesis,CIT)呈正相关(P=0.011),Bifidobacterium animalis与BMI、基础能量消耗(Basal energy expenditure,BEE)呈负相关(P<0.001),与CIT呈正相关(P=0.029)。

结论

不同BMI人群肠道菌群结构与菌群功能代谢通路存在差异,肠道菌群结构在不同水平上与能量代谢相关指标有不同的关联。

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李鸣,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=OfwVVZUT2FMb4WES6bPwOw==, magXml=Uqk6TxUg8C/btw/QqnnNMw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=Bl7Wy0GslQS0D6A/YxnulA==, pdfFileSize=1772565, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=V45TiXS8Is5kU+Xc5lV8FQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=CeOR/eOnGD702a6Ao0z0Zg==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

张倩薇(1999—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:公共卫生

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Plasma amino acid levels of 1859 people in Hangzhou in 2020 [J]. Journal of Health Research, 2002, 51(6): 996-1001. (In Chinese), articleTitle=Plasma amino acid levels of 1859 people in Hangzhou in 2020, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241070739089060627, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240730054016160078, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=26, issue=1, pageStart=50, pageEnd=54, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=27, authorNames=Alves A, Morio B, journalName=Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Alves A, Morio B. Alterations in glycine metabolism in obesity and chronic metabolic diseases - an update on new advances[J]. Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care, 2023, 26(1): 50-54., articleTitle=Alterations in glycine metabolism in obesity and chronic metabolic diseases - an update on new advances, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241070739202306845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240730054016160078, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=103, issue=4, pageStart=1491, pageEnd=1501, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=28, authorNames=Ottosson F, Brunkwall L, Ericson U, journalName=The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ottosson F, Brunkwall L, Ericson U, et al. Connection between BMI-related plasma metabolite profile and gut microbiota[J]. 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注:(A)G1vsG2差异LEfSe分析柱状图;(B)G1vsG3差异LEfSe分析柱状图;(C)G2vsG3差异LEfSe分析柱状图;(D)G1vsG4差异LEfSe分析柱状图;(E)G2vsG4差异LEfSe分析柱状图。G1:正常体重组;G2超重组:G3肥胖组:G4消瘦组,下同。

, figureFileSmall=zQ5SmL/hWrBCjzlZPHNUYg==, figureFileBig=YrgubwY1AiWchzUV6bwjZw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241070733250589075, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240730054016160078, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Clustering tree of different species in population with different BMI, figureFileSmall=GcYderFjlxJfbIfDE/9LRw==, figureFileBig=yxc/Nw+/JwMRxJd9BHNhiQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241070733359640987, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240730054016160078, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同BMI人群差异物种聚类树图

注:(A)G1vsG2差异物种聚类树图;(B)G1vsG3差异物种聚类树图;(C)G2vsG3差异物种聚类树图;(D)G1vsG4差异物种聚类树图;(E)G2vsG4差异物种聚类树图。

, figureFileSmall=GcYderFjlxJfbIfDE/9LRw==, figureFileBig=yxc/Nw+/JwMRxJd9BHNhiQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241070733477081515, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240730054016160078, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Heat map of correlation between the relative abundance of intestinal flora at different levels and BMI and energy metabolism indexes, figureFileSmall=9Kmh+OX/a9W5GJErdyosbQ==, figureFileBig=mQARRamvlUFxAfv5+KCXuA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241070733623882168, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240730054016160078, language=CN, label=图3, caption=肠道菌群在不同水平的相对丰度与BMI及能量代谢指标的相关性热图

注:*:P<0.05;Phylum:门;Class:纲;Order:目;Family科;Genus:属;Species种。

, figureFileSmall=9Kmh+OX/a9W5GJErdyosbQ==, figureFileBig=mQARRamvlUFxAfv5+KCXuA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241070733896511941, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240730054016160078, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Four Group Differential Metabolic Pathways, figureFileSmall=OxiVBQOwjmDQdbZ7vS0XUA==, figureFileBig=kefkQMEUJXVGh3bXIyOL5Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241070733992980940, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240730054016160078, language=CN, label=图4, caption=四组差异性代谢通路

注:(a)G1vsG2差异性代谢通路;(b)G1vsG3差异性代谢通路;(c)G1vsG4差异性代谢通路。

, figureFileSmall=OxiVBQOwjmDQdbZ7vS0XUA==, figureFileBig=kefkQMEUJXVGh3bXIyOL5Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241070734194307545, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240730054016160078, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Results of energy consumption measurement in each group

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
能量消耗指标正常体重组超重组肥胖组消瘦组FP
BEE(kcal/d)1 433.79±275.481 660.31±245.17a1 896.00±464.59b1 289.73±198.51c7.895<0.001
REE(kcal/d)1 676.74±311.281 863.54±342.401 973.40±484.891699.82±222.042.2700.087
CIT(kcal/d)242.94±193.28203.23±135.95a77.40±39.08bd410.09±224.08cecef4.4930.006
BMR[kcal/(kg·d)]26.05±4.3723.57±3.10a22.98±2.37bd27.80±3.99cef3.0570.033
), ArticleFig(id=1241070734324330981, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240730054016160078, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

各组能量消耗测量的结果(

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
能量消耗指标正常体重组超重组肥胖组消瘦组FP
BEE(kcal/d)1 433.79±275.481 660.31±245.17a1 896.00±464.59b1 289.73±198.51c7.895<0.001
REE(kcal/d)1 676.74±311.281 863.54±342.401 973.40±484.891699.82±222.042.2700.087
CIT(kcal/d)242.94±193.28203.23±135.95a77.40±39.08bd410.09±224.08cecef4.4930.006
BMR[kcal/(kg·d)]26.05±4.3723.57±3.10a22.98±2.37bd27.80±3.99cef3.0570.033
), ArticleFig(id=1241070734458548721, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240730054016160078, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Results of alpha diversity analysis of intestinal flora in each group

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标正常体重组超重组肥胖组消瘦组P
ACE538.80±234.46419.48±147.77a314.20±139.40b392.41±119.89c0.003
Chao1582.24±233.94418.24±147.34a313.46±138.98b391.49±210.10c0.003
Shannon6.22±0.716.00±0.425.25±1.106.00±0.670.150
Simpson0.95±0.030.95±0.020.90±0.100.94±0.040.710
), ArticleFig(id=1241070734580183549, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240730054016160078, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

各组肠道菌群alpha多样性分析结果(

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标正常体重组超重组肥胖组消瘦组P
ACE538.80±234.46419.48±147.77a314.20±139.40b392.41±119.89c0.003
Chao1582.24±233.94418.24±147.34a313.46±138.98b391.49±210.10c0.003
Shannon6.22±0.716.00±0.425.25±1.106.00±0.670.150
Simpson0.95±0.030.95±0.020.90±0.100.94±0.040.710
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不同BMI人群肠道菌群结构及其与能量代谢的相关性分析
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张倩薇 1 , 卜凡 2 , 陆秋娴 3 , 庞童 1 , 姜欣 1 , 和智坚 1 , 李鸣 1
现代预防医学 | 营养与食品卫生 2025,52(8): 1398-1404
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现代预防医学 | 营养与食品卫生 2025, 52(8): 1398-1404
不同BMI人群肠道菌群结构及其与能量代谢的相关性分析
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张倩薇1, 卜凡2, 陆秋娴3, 庞童1, 姜欣1, 和智坚1, 李鸣1
作者信息
  • 1.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/四川大学华西第四医院,四川 成都 610041
  • 2.四川省医学科学院,四川省人民医院(电子科技大学附属医院)
  • 3.四川省宜宾市第二人民医院,四川大学华西医院宜宾医院
  • 张倩薇(1999—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:公共卫生

通讯作者:

李鸣,E-mail:
Analysis of gut microbiome structure in different BMI groups and its correlation with energy metabolism
Qian-wei ZHANG1, Fan BU2, Qiu-xian LU3, Tong PANG1, Xin JIANG1, Zhi-jian HE1, Ming LI1
Affiliations
  • West China School of Public Health, SichuanUniversity/West China Fourth Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
出版时间: 2025-04-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202412536
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目的

探索不同BMI人群肠道菌群和能量代谢的差异,为防治超重和肥胖提供参考。

方法

在成都市招募98名健康成人,根据体质量指数(BMI)分为超重组(n=16)、肥胖组(n=15)、消瘦组(n=16)和正常体重组(n=51)。完成问卷调查、体格测量、体成分分析、生化检测和能量消耗测量,采集粪便样本,进行16S rDNA测序和气相色谱质谱法(Gaschromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS)代谢组学分析,通过单因素方差分析及卡方检验进行分析,比较四组在肠道菌群结构和能量代谢的差异。

结果

肠道菌群结构分析:四组肠道菌群结构存在差异:四组间在ACE指数和Chao1指数上差异有统计学意义(P=0.003,P=0.003)。正常体重组的ACE指数和Chao1指数均高于其他组,四组之间在不同水平上的相对丰度有不同差异。与正常组相比,超重组、肥胖组和消瘦组菌群物种丰富度降低,Bifidobacterium等有益菌相对丰度下降。与正常组相比,超重组、肥胖组和消瘦组菌群功能代谢通路发生改变,超重、肥胖组在甘氨酸等多种氨基酸的生物合成与代谢等方面的功能有显著差异(P=0.009,P=0.032)。与BMI及能量消耗指标相关关系:肠道菌群结构在不同水平上与能量代谢相关指标有不同的关联,其中Bifidobacterium与冷诱导产热(Cold-induced thermogenesis,CIT)呈正相关(P=0.011),Bifidobacterium animalis与BMI、基础能量消耗(Basal energy expenditure,BEE)呈负相关(P<0.001),与CIT呈正相关(P=0.029)。

结论

不同BMI人群肠道菌群结构与菌群功能代谢通路存在差异,肠道菌群结构在不同水平上与能量代谢相关指标有不同的关联。

超重肥胖  /  基础代谢  /  肠道菌群  /  棕色脂肪组织
Objective

To investigate the differences in gut microbiota and energy metabolism among individuals with varying body mass index (BMI) levels, and to provide insights for the prevention and treatment of overweight and obesity.

Methods

A total of 98 healthy adults were recruited from Chengdu, categorized into four groups based on BMI: overweight (n=16), obesity (n=15), underweight (n=16), and normal weight (n=51). Participants underwent questionnaire surveys, physical examinations, body composition analysis, biochemical tests, and energy expenditure measurements. Fecal samples were collected for 16S rDNA sequencing and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) metabolomics analysis. Univariate analysis of variance and chi-square tests were performed to compare differences in gut microbiota structure and energy metabolism among the four groups.

Results

Gut microbiota structure analysis: Significant differences were observed in the gut microbiota structure among the four groups, with statistical significance in ACE and Chao1 indices (P=0.003, P=0.003). The normal weight group exhibited higher ACE and Chao1 indices compared to other groups, indicating a higher species richness. The relative abundance of different bacteria varied across groups. Compared to the normal weight group, the overweight, obese, and underweight groups showed reduced species richness and lower relative abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacterium. Functional metabolic pathways of the gut microbiota were altered in these groups, with significant differences in the synthesis and metabolism of various amino acids, including glycine, in the overweight and obese groups (P=0.009, P=0.032).Correlation with BMI and energy expenditure indicators: The gut microbiota structure was associated with different levels of energy metabolism indicators. Bifidobacterium was positively correlated with cold-induced thermogenesis (CIT) (P=0.011), while Bifidobacterium animalis was negatively correlated with BMI and basal energy expenditure (BEE) (P<0.001), and positively correlated with CIT (P=0.029).

Conclusion

There are differences in gut microbiota structure and functional metabolic pathways among individuals with different BMI levels. The gut microbiota structure is associated with various energy metabolism indicators at different levels. These findings suggest that gut microbiota may play a role in energy metabolism and could be a potential target for interventions aimed at preventing and treating overweight and obesity.

Overweight and obesity  /  Basal metabolism  /  Intestinal flora  /  Brown adipose tissue
张倩薇, 卜凡, 陆秋娴, 庞童, 姜欣, 和智坚, 李鸣. 不同BMI人群肠道菌群结构及其与能量代谢的相关性分析. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (8) : 1398 -1404 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202412536
Qian-wei ZHANG, Fan BU, Qiu-xian LU, Tong PANG, Xin JIANG, Zhi-jian HE, Ming LI. Analysis of gut microbiome structure in different BMI groups and its correlation with energy metabolism[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (8) : 1398 -1404 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202412536
世界肥胖联盟(World Obesity Federation,WOF)在2024年《世界肥胖报告》中指出:全球受到超重/肥胖影响成年人数将从2020年的22亿增加到2035年的33亿,全球占比将从42%上升到54%[1]。超重和肥胖是罹患心脏病、糖尿病等慢性非传染性疾病的重要危险因素,给个人、社会和医疗带来沉重的经济负担[2]。BMI作为评估营养状况及健康风险的重要指标,与肠道菌群以及能量代谢密切相关。肠道菌群在能量代谢、营养吸收等方面扮演着重要角色,并和宿主肠道免疫器官、免疫功能的发育和调节紧密相关,是导致肥胖相关疾病的新关键因素。超重肥胖人群与正常体重人群肠道菌群的组成和多样性存在巨大差异,在代谢功能方面也发生了改变[3-4]。超重肥胖人群在肠道菌群多样性和基因丰富度方面比正常体重人群低[5],门水平和属水平上也有差异[6-7]。为了解不同BMI人群肠道菌群结构及能量代谢的差异,本研究使用肠道菌群测序分析技术分析不同BMI人群肠道菌群结构差异,探索肠道菌群在不同BMI人群能量代谢中的特征及相关关系,为肥胖的综合防治提供新的理论依据。
本研究共招募居住在成都市区且符合纳入排除标准的120名健康成人作为研究对象。根据受试者基本身体信息、血液及生化检查结果、纳入及排除标准,最终纳入研究对象共98人。按体质量指数(BMI)分为消瘦组(<18.5 kg/m2)、正常体重组(18.5~23.9 kg/m2)、超重组(24.0~27.9 kg/m2)、肥胖组(≥28.0 kg/m2[8]。本研究方案通过四川大学华西公共卫生学院伦理审查委员会审查(编号:GWll2021046),所有研究对象均已签署知情同意书。纳排标准如下:
纳入标准(符合以下全部标准即可纳入)①年龄在18~45岁之间;②无急慢性疾病、无贫血;③甲状腺素水平正常;④女性月经周期规律。
排除标准(符合以下标准之一即可排除):①最近6个月常出现失眠、易紧张等应激情况;②生化指标出现有临床意义的异常(血常规、肝肾常规、空腹血糖、甲状腺功能);③最近6个月内体重变化超过5%;④现患消化系统疾病(如便秘)和影响能量代谢的疾病,如甲亢、甲减、肾上腺皮质增生症;⑤睡眠打鼾者近期(3月内)服用过抗生素或益生菌制品等;⑦运动员、健身爱好者、从事重体力劳动等肌肉发达者;不能遵循研究要求或未签订知情同意书。
通过问卷调查、体格测量、体成分测量、能量消耗测量、实验室生化检测等研究方法收集研究对象的相关资料和指标。采用四电极生物电阻抗仪(InBodyDial H20)测量研究对象的体重(WT)、体脂率和BMI等数据。使用无线遥测运动心肺功能测试系统(COSMED-K5,Italy)测量获得研究对象基础能量消耗(Basal energy expenditure,BEE)和寒冷刺激后的静息能量消耗(Resting energy expenditure,REE),二者之间的差值获得冷诱导产热(Cold-induced thermogenesis,CIT)以反映棕色脂肪活性[9]。根据Weir提出的公式BMR[kcal/(kg·d)]=BEE(kcal/d)/W(kg)公式[10]计算基础代谢率(Basal Metabolic Rate,BMR)。要求研究对象清晨前往指定医院,由专业医护人员进行空腹无菌采血5 ml,离心后采用全自动生化分析仪测定糖脂代谢水平相关指标,采用化学发光分析仪测定甲状腺激素水平相关指标。采用无菌粪便采集管,取自然排出的5 g新鲜粪便中段的均匀部分,粪便采集后2 h内置于-20 ℃冰箱内保存,2 h内低温保温箱转移至-80 ℃超低温冰箱冻存。
采用16SrRNA方法测定肠道菌群。使用CTAB/SDS法提取总基因组DNA,使用带有barcode的特异性引物分别扩增16SrRNA/18SrRNA/ITS基因的不同区段,PCR产物纯化后构建测序文库。使用Qubit@2.0 荧光计(Thermo Scientific)和Agilent Bioanalyzer 2100系统评估文库质量。最后将文库在Illumina NovaSeq平台上测序,并产生双端配对序列。
采用SPSS 26.0软件进行数据处理。计量资料用表示,采用单因素方差分析进行分析;计数资料用率(%)表示,采用卡方检验进行分析,检验水准α=0.05。采用QIIME软件对测序数据进行OTUs聚类、物种注释、alpha多样性和beta多样性分析。使用LEfSe软件进行组间差异显著性分析,找出差异具有统计学意义的特征菌群。用Phyloseq包(v1.38.0)计算alpha多样性(Ace、Chao1、Shannon、Simpson),Beta多样性(UniFrac)。用LDA算法来鉴定不同处理条件下的差异标志性物种。
在试验结束时共采集粪便样品95份,有2人未采集到的足量的粪便样品,1份样品因多次扩增实验失败未参与建库分析,因此最终共有 92份样品进行测序分析,其中正常体重(G1)组45份,超重(G2)组16份,肥胖(G3)组15份,消瘦组(G4)16份。
本研究对研究对象进行了能量消耗测量,具体情况见表1。结果显示四组在BEE、CIT和BMR的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),在冷刺激1.5h后第二次测量的REE上的差异没有统计学意义(P>0.05)。消瘦组的CIT和BMR高于正常体重组高于超重组高于肥胖组,超重组和肥胖组的BEE高于正常组而消瘦组的BEE低于正常组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。
经过测序分析后共得到有效序列6 898 247条,四组间在ACE指数和Chao1指数上差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),正常体重组的ACE指数和Chao1指数均高于其他组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),正常体重组物种丰富度高于超重、肥胖和消瘦组。而四组的Shannon指数和Simpson指数组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),说明四组在物种多样性、均匀度无显著差异,具体情况见表2
本研究进一步进行多级物种差异的LEfSe分析,评估不同组肠道菌群特点,并对相对丰度排在前5位的菌门、前10位的菌纲、菌目、菌科和菌属进行具体分析。当LDA界取3时,与正常体重组相比,超重组肥胖组均在PseudomonadalesPseudomonas和上富集(P<0.05);超重组还在BacteroidotaBacteroidiaEnterobacteriaceaePrevotellaceaePrevotella水平富集(P<0.05);肥胖组还在FusobacteriaFusobacteriia上富集(P<0.05)。与超重组相比,肥胖组在Escherichia-Shigella富集(P<0.05),而超重组在Coriobacteriia、Clostridia_UCG-014、Oscillospiraceae、Clostridia_UCG.014、Tannerellaceae、Rikenellaceae、Parabacteroides和Subdoligranulum水平上丰度较高(P<0.05)。超重组消瘦组均在Bacteroidota、Bacteroidia、Bacteroidales、Prevotellaceae、Pseudomonas、Prevotella水平富集(P<0.05),具体情况见图1图2
分别对四组中排名前5的菌门、排名前10的菌纲、菌目、菌科、菌属和菌种与BMI及能量代谢相关指标(包括BEE、CIT和BMR)进行Spearman相关分析,具体结果见图3
在门水平上,Bacteroidota与BMI呈正相关,而与CIT呈负相关(P=0.013);Desulfobacterota与BEE呈负相关(P=0.025)。
在纲水平上,AlphaproteobacteriaThermoleophilia与CIT呈负相关(P=0.022,P=0.040)。
在目水平上,Clostridia_UCG-014与BEE呈负相关(P=0.037)。
在科水平上,Rikenellaceae、Oscillospiraceae、Clostridia_UCG.014Selenomonadaceae与BEE呈负相关(P=0.001,P=0.021,P=0.038,P=0.039)。
在属水平上,StreptococcusBifidobacterium与CIT呈正相关(P=0.009,P=0.011);Parabacteroides与BEE、BMR均呈负相关(P=0.020,P=0.041);Subdoligranulum与BEE呈负相关(P=0.042);Pseudomonas与CIT呈负相关(P=0.047)。
在种水平上,Bifidobacterium animalisParabacteroides merdae与BMI、BEE都呈负相关(P<0.001);Bifidobacterium animalisBacteroides fragilis与CIT呈正相关(P=0.029,P=0.036);Bacteroides uniformis与BEE呈负相关(P=0.044)。
利用PICRUSt2软件,经过两两对比分析,发现正常体重组与超重组、肥胖组、消瘦组,超重组与消瘦组在多条代谢通路水平上功能的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)具体情况见图4。超重组在甘氨酸生物合成和代谢(Glycan Biosynthesis and Metabolism)、信号分子及相互作用(Signaling Molecules and Interaction)、消化系统(Digestive System)、运输及代谢(Transport and Catabolism)通路显著高于正常体重组(P=0.009,P=0.023,P=0.040,P=0.047,P=0.036)。肥胖组在甘氨酸生物合成和代谢、细胞过程和信号(Cellular Processes and Signaling)通路显著高于正常体重组(P=0.032,P=0.037)。消瘦组在甘氨酸生物合成和代谢、运输及代谢、消化系统通路显著高于超重组与正常组(P<0.05)。
BMI不仅是评估个体营养状况及面临的健康风险的一个重要指标,也与肠道菌群以及能量代谢的密切相关。肠道菌群的组成和多样性在消瘦、超重、肥胖人群与正常体重人群之间存在巨大差异。
本研究发现,不同BMI人群肠道菌群结构存在差异,与正常组相比,超重组、肥胖组和消瘦组菌群物种丰富度降低。本研究发现正常体重组的ACE指数和Chao1指数均高于其他组,表明其物种丰富度高于超重、肥胖和消瘦组,而在Shannon指数和Simpson指数方面,四组间在物种多样性、均匀度无显著差异,这与袁维维等人研究发现与正常体重人群相比,体重过轻、超重、肥胖人群中的肠道微生物丰富度和均匀度都显著降低的结果略微不同[7]。有益菌(主要为Bifidobacterium)相对丰度下降;与正常组相比,超重组、肥胖组和消瘦组菌群功能代谢通路发生改变。在门水平上,不同BMI人群排名前4位的均为FirmicutesBacteroidetes、ProteobacteriaActinobacteria。对不同组之间的菌门进行统计检验,超重组Firmicutes含量低于正常组,但Bacteroidota含量相反,与刘莹等人的研究结果类似[6];肥胖组Fusobacteria的含量高于正常组,消瘦组的Bacteroidota含量高于正常体重组而Firmicutes含量低于正常体重组;超重组Actinobacteria的含量高于消瘦组。在属水平群落组成分析显示,四组优势菌属组成类似,Bacteroides为占比第一的菌属。与正常体重组相比,超重组、肥胖组和消瘦组Escherichia-Shigella等有害菌,Pseudomonas、Prevotella等条件致病菌丰度相对较高,而Bifidobacterium、Lactobacillus、Blautia等益生菌在正常体重组的相对丰度较高。Escherichia-Shigella的相对丰度增加是肠道菌群失调的标志[11],在肥胖人群中的相对丰度明显高于非肥胖人群[12-14],而Pseudomonas与多个部位的感染密切相关[15-16]Prevotella也与慢性炎症和肥胖密切相关[17-18]Bifidobacterium是肠道重要益生菌,帮助消化酶分泌、增强食物消化吸收、预防腹泻发生[19]Blautia与各种炎症性疾病等密切相关[20]。本研究中,Bifidobacterium在正常体重组的含量大于超重和肥胖组,Lactobacillus在正常体重组含量高于肥胖组,与目前的研究结论类似[6],进一步印证了两种有益菌在不同BMI人群的分布特征。
本研究发现不同BMI人群主要在甘氨酸及其他氨基酸生物合成代谢、消化系统、运输及代谢、癌症、感染性疾病、环境适应、转录、跨膜运输等与人体正常的生理功能息息相关等通路有所差异。血浆甘氨酸的浓度与肥胖、非酒精性脂肪性肝病(Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease,NAFLD)、2型糖尿病等疾病密切相关[21],肥胖者甘氨酸水平与正常组相比显著降低[22]。这与本研究中超重、肥胖组甘氨酸生物合成和代谢通路显著富集相印证。
本研究经过进一步分析肠道菌群与能量代谢相关指标,发现肠道菌群结构在不同水平上与能量代谢相关指标有不同的关联,目前的研究对门水平和属水平的探讨更为深入。本研究显示,在门水平上,Bacteroidota与BMI呈正相关,而与CIT呈负相关;Desulfobacterota与BEE呈负相关。目前的研究仍未得出统一的结论,刘莹等人的研究结果显示,Bacteroidota与BMI呈正相关,与本文结论一致,与刘莹等人的研究结果结论一致[6],此外,本研究发现Bacteroidota与CIT呈负相关;Desulfobacterota与BEE呈负相关。在属水平上,与CIT呈正相关的有BifidobacteriumStreptococcus,而Pseudomonas与CIT呈负相关;Parabacteroides与BEE、BMR均呈负相关;Subdoligranulum与BEE呈负相关。目前的研究主要关于菌属和BMI的关系,有研究发现,Bifidobacterium与BMI呈负相关,Prevotella与BMI呈正相关[7],本研究也得出类似结论,但统计结果未达显著差异水平。此外,Ottosson等人的研究表明Blautia与BMI呈正相关[23]。但在本研究中,消瘦组和肥胖组的Blautia相对丰度低于正常体重组,未得出与BMI有相关关系的结果。
本研究也存在一定的局限性,由于疫情影响以及能量消耗测试过程对环境温度的要求,难以在招募时间内纳入足够多的超重、肥胖、消瘦研究对象;且部分研究对象因对能量消耗测试的冷刺激不耐受,选择不参与或中途退出研究,进一步减少了总样本量,后期可通过扩大招募范围、延长招募时间、扩大样本量等方式继续进行更深入、全面的探索。此外,本研究采用的16S rDNA测序虽然能够提供丰富的菌群信息,但可能无法全面揭示肠道菌群与宿主之间的复杂相互作用,未来的研究可以考虑应用代谢组学、宏基因组学等多组学技术,以更全面地解析不同BMI人群肠道菌群的功能和机制。
综上所述,本研究对不同BMI人群肠道菌群结构进行分析,能够较好描绘出不同BMI人群肠道菌群和能量代谢的差异,肠道菌群的多样性和特定菌群的丰度可能在维持正常体重和能量代谢中发挥重要作用,为代谢性疾病的预防和治疗提供新的视角和潜在的干预靶点。
  • 国家自然科学基金(82073550)
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2025年第52卷第8期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202412536
  • 接收时间:2024-12-30
  • 首发时间:2026-03-17
  • 出版时间:2025-04-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-12-30
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国家自然科学基金(82073550)
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    1.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/四川大学华西第四医院,四川 成都 610041
    2.四川省医学科学院,四川省人民医院(电子科技大学附属医院)
    3.四川省宜宾市第二人民医院,四川大学华西医院宜宾医院

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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