Article(id=1240730051168236060, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240730050669113883, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202411263, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1731427200000, receivedDateStr=2024-11-13, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773742695848, onlineDateStr=2026-03-17, pubDate=1745510400000, pubDateStr=2025-04-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773742695848, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773742695848, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773742695848, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240730050669113883, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='8', pageStart='1345', pageEnd='1536', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773742695728, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773742807836, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1240730520988995837, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240730050669113883, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1240730520988995838, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240730050669113883, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1354, endPage=1360, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240730051415699998, articleId=1240730051168236060, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Research on the changes in quality of life and its influencing factors of rural elderly, Sichuan, columnId=1228016567443718970, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Epidemiology and Statistical Methods Advances, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the changes in the quality of life and its influencing factors of elderly people in rural areas of Sichuan province from 2018 to 2023, and to provide a basis for timely adjustment of health intervention measures.

Methods

Data from the sixth and seventh health service surveys in Sichuan province in 2018 and 2023 were summarized, and the EQ-5D questionnaire health utility value and visual analogue scale (VAS) score were used to evaluate quality of life.Survey time interaction items were includedin a weighted two-level random intercept model to explore the differences in the effects of influencing factors.

Results

The utility value of elderly people in rural areas of Sichuan province was 0.83±0.22, and the VAS score was 65.53±17.81, both lower than the national average. Analysis showedthat survey year, individual characteristics, lifestyle, chronic disease prevalence, and family medical factors wereinfluencing factors for utility value and VAS score. In addition, in the utility score, the interaction items of over 80 years old (β=0.046, P<0.001), 1-2 times of weekly exercise (β=-0.035, P=0.045), diabetes (β=0.032, P=0.031), and annual family income of over 50 000 (β=0.029, P=0.048) with time were statistically significant; In VAS score, the interaction between time and age of over 80 years old (β=4.647, P<0.001), primary and junior high school education (β=-3.301, P<0.001), alcohol consumption (β=-2.262, P=0.004), diabetes (β=4.946, P<0.001), hypertension (β=2.992, P<0.001), annual family income of more than 50 000 (β=4.322, P<0.001), physical examination in the past year (β=2.925, P<0.001) had statistical significance.

Conclusion

The quality of life of elderly people in rural areas of Sichuan province is relatively low and requires attention. When formulating health intervention measures, full consideration should be given to the changes in the above factors and effects.

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目的

探究2018—2023年四川省农村老年人生命质量及其影响因素的变化情况,为适时调整健康干预措施提供依据。

方法

汇总四川省2018年第六次和2023年第七次卫生服务调查数据,使用EQ-5D问卷健康效用值和视觉刻度尺(VAS)评分评价生命质量,在加权两水平随机截距模型中纳入调查时间交互项探究影响因素的效应差异。

结果

四川省农村老年人效用值为0.83±0.22,VAS评分为65.53±17.81,均低于全国平均水平。分析显示调查年份、个体特征、生活方式、慢性病患病情况、家庭医疗因素是效用值和VAS评分的影响因素。此外,效用值评分中80岁以上(β=0.046,P<0.001)、每周锻炼1~2次(β=-0.035,P=0.045)、糖尿病(β=0.032,P=0.031)、家庭年收入5万以上(β=0.029,P=0.048)与时间的交互项有统计学意义;VAS评分中80岁以上(β=4.647,P<0.001)、小学初中学历(β=-3.301,P<0.001)、饮酒(β=-2.262,P=0.004)、糖尿病(β=4.946,P<0.001)、高血压(β=2.992,P<0.001)、家庭年收入5万以上(β=4.322,P<0.001)、过去一年接受体检(β=2.925,P<0.001)与时间的交互作用具有统计学意义。

结论

四川省农村老年人生命质量较低,需引起关注。在制定健康干预措施时,应充分考虑上述因素及效应的改变情况。

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张菊英,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=nBDaXDPgMR3If7HDGYoCXQ==, magXml=CfaztRxnlNRAm9y2SvqffQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=noB9pHmsD0EHKRwFhHL0tA==, pdfFileSize=629847, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=DNB1MqkGtQVvDszccm06AQ==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

郭雄(1999—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:卫生统计方法与应用

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[2025-03-16]. https://www.sc.gov.cn/10462/c103046/2017/7/1/3990aa8fccf14f1a89324f0805414937.shtml. (In Chinese), articleTitle=Notice of the General Office of the Sichuan Provincial People’s Government on issuing the Medium and Long-term Plan for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Diseases in Sichuan Province (2017-2025), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241070739927921481, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240730051168236060, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=37, issue=3, pageStart=124, pageEnd=132, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=23, authorNames=李芬, 高向东, journalName=云南民族大学学报:哲学社会科学版, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李芬,高向东.健康促进:家庭经济水平对中老年健康的影响[J].云南民族大学学报:哲学社会科学版2020, 37(3): 124-132., articleTitle=健康促进:家庭经济水平对中老年健康的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241070740032779086, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240730051168236060, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=37, issue=3, pageStart=124, pageEnd=132, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=24, authorNames=Li F, Gao XD, journalName=Journal of Yunnan Nationalities University (Social Sciences Edition), refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li F, Gao XD. A study of the impact of family economic level on the health of middle-aged and elderly People in China from the perspective of health promotion[J]. Journal of Yunnan Nationalities University (Social Sciences Edition), 2020, 37(3): 124-132. (In Chinese), articleTitle=A study of the impact of family economic level on the health of middle-aged and elderly People in China from the perspective of health promotion, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241070740162802517, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240730051168236060, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=46, issue=2, pageStart=93, pageEnd=107, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=25, authorNames=陈卫民, 张奇, journalName=人口学刊, refType=null, unstructuredReference=陈卫民,张奇.中国基层医疗服务发展对老年人健康的影响[J].人口学刊2024, 46(2): 93-107., articleTitle=中国基层医疗服务发展对老年人健康的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241070740246688605, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240730051168236060, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=46, issue=2, pageStart=93, pageEnd=107, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=26, authorNames=Chen WM, Zhang Q, journalName=Population Journal, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Chen WM, Zhang Q. The impact of the development of primary medical services on the health of the elderly in China[J]. Population Journal, 2024, 46(2): 93-107. (In Chinese), articleTitle=The impact of the development of primary medical services on the health of the elderly in China, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241070740343157601, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240730051168236060, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=16, issue=9, pageStart=6, pageEnd=14,33, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=27, authorNames=佚名, journalName=中国农村卫生, refType=null, unstructuredReference=佚名.2023年我国卫生健康事业发展统计公报[J].中国农村卫生2024, 16(9): 6-14,33., articleTitle=2023年我国卫生健康事业发展统计公报, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241070740481569641, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240730051168236060, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=16, issue=9, pageStart=6, pageEnd=14,33, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=28, authorNames=Anonym, journalName=Chinese Rural Health, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Anonym.Statistical bulletin on the development of health and wellness in China 2023[J]. Chinese Rural Health, 2024, 16(9): 6-14,33. (In Chinese), articleTitle=Statistical bulletin on the development of health and wellness in China 2023, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241070736895439483, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240730051168236060, awardId=null, language=CN, fundingSource=四川省2023年卫生服务专项调查, fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241070736991908485, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240730051168236060, awardId=82073667, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(82073667), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241070729203085501, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240730051168236060, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241070729211474110, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240730051168236060, companyId=1241070729203085501, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610044, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241070729215668416, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240730051168236060, companyId=1241070729203085501, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院,流行病与卫生统计学系,四川 成都 610041)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241070729312137413, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240730051168236060, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241070729320526021, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240730051168236060, companyId=1241070729312137413, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.四川省卫生信息中心/四川省医疗大数据中心)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241070735133831738, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240730051168236060, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Basic characteristics, utility values, and VAS scores of rural elderlyin 2018 and 2023

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量人数(%)效用值(PVAS评分(P
调查年份<0.001<0.001
20183 552(43.9)0.79±0.2262.49±18.25
20234 539(56.1)0.86±0.2267.92±17.09
性别<0.001<0.001
4 075(50.4)0.85±0.2167.54±17.87
4 016(49.6)0.81±0.2363.50±17.52
年龄(岁)<0.001<0.001
60~694 063(50.2)0.86±0.1967.80±17.76
70~793 088(38.2)0.82±0.2264.13±17.40
≥80940(11.6)0.72±0.3060.36±17.82
民族<0.001<0.001
汉族7 344(90.8)0.82±0.2265.14±17.87
其他民族747(9.2)0.88±0.2169.35±16.73
教育水平<0.001<0.001
没上过学2 802(34.6)0.79±0.2463.42±17.74
小学初中5 036(62.2)0.85±0.2166.35±17.64
高中及以上253(3.1)0.86±0.2172.69±18.75
吸烟情况<0.001<0.001
从不吸烟5 427(67.1)0.81±0.2364.46±17.65
吸烟2 664(32.9)0.86±0.2067.73±17.93
饮酒情况<0.001<0.001
5 591(69.1)0.81±0.2464.05±17.88
2 500(30.9)0.87±0.1868.85±17.19
每周锻炼频次(次)<0.001<0.001
04 619(57.1)0.80±0.2463.56±17.79
1~2718(8.9)0.86±0.1767.87±17.05
≥32 754(34.0)0.86±0.1968.23±17.61
糖尿病<0.001<0.001
7 340(90.7)0.84±0.2266.07±17.63
751(9.3)0.76±0.2660.33±18.74
高血压<0.001<0.001
5 171(63.9)0.85±0.2167.02±17.86
2 920(36.1)0.79±0.2562.90±17.41
家庭年收入(万元)<0.001<0.001
<11 936(23.9)0.80±0.2363.06±17.20
1~55 194(64.2)0.83±0.2265.86±17.60
>5961(11.9)0.85±0.2368.76±19.42
婚姻状况<0.001<0.001
有配偶6 173(76.3)0.84±0.2266.05±17.95
无配偶1 918(23.7)0.79±0.2463.88±17.26
过去一年是否体检<0.0010.003
2 804(34.7)0.81±0.2464.72±18.42
5 287(65.3)0.84±0.2165.97±17.46
过去一年是否住院<0.001<0.001
6 261(77.4)0.86±0.2067.74±16.93
1 830(22.6)0.73±0.2757.99±18.65
), ArticleFig(id=1241070735230300735, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240730051168236060, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

2018年和2023年农村老年人基本情况及效用值及VAS评分情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量人数(%)效用值(PVAS评分(P
调查年份<0.001<0.001
20183 552(43.9)0.79±0.2262.49±18.25
20234 539(56.1)0.86±0.2267.92±17.09
性别<0.001<0.001
4 075(50.4)0.85±0.2167.54±17.87
4 016(49.6)0.81±0.2363.50±17.52
年龄(岁)<0.001<0.001
60~694 063(50.2)0.86±0.1967.80±17.76
70~793 088(38.2)0.82±0.2264.13±17.40
≥80940(11.6)0.72±0.3060.36±17.82
民族<0.001<0.001
汉族7 344(90.8)0.82±0.2265.14±17.87
其他民族747(9.2)0.88±0.2169.35±16.73
教育水平<0.001<0.001
没上过学2 802(34.6)0.79±0.2463.42±17.74
小学初中5 036(62.2)0.85±0.2166.35±17.64
高中及以上253(3.1)0.86±0.2172.69±18.75
吸烟情况<0.001<0.001
从不吸烟5 427(67.1)0.81±0.2364.46±17.65
吸烟2 664(32.9)0.86±0.2067.73±17.93
饮酒情况<0.001<0.001
5 591(69.1)0.81±0.2464.05±17.88
2 500(30.9)0.87±0.1868.85±17.19
每周锻炼频次(次)<0.001<0.001
04 619(57.1)0.80±0.2463.56±17.79
1~2718(8.9)0.86±0.1767.87±17.05
≥32 754(34.0)0.86±0.1968.23±17.61
糖尿病<0.001<0.001
7 340(90.7)0.84±0.2266.07±17.63
751(9.3)0.76±0.2660.33±18.74
高血压<0.001<0.001
5 171(63.9)0.85±0.2167.02±17.86
2 920(36.1)0.79±0.2562.90±17.41
家庭年收入(万元)<0.001<0.001
<11 936(23.9)0.80±0.2363.06±17.20
1~55 194(64.2)0.83±0.2265.86±17.60
>5961(11.9)0.85±0.2368.76±19.42
婚姻状况<0.001<0.001
有配偶6 173(76.3)0.84±0.2266.05±17.95
无配偶1 918(23.7)0.79±0.2463.88±17.26
过去一年是否体检<0.0010.003
2 804(34.7)0.81±0.2464.72±18.42
5 287(65.3)0.84±0.2165.97±17.46
过去一年是否住院<0.001<0.001
6 261(77.4)0.86±0.2067.74±16.93
1 830(22.6)0.73±0.2757.99±18.65
), ArticleFig(id=1241070735347741257, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240730051168236060, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Results of the two-level random intercept model for factors influencing the quality of life among rural elderly in Sichuan Province in 2018 and 2023

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量效用值VAS评分
β值95% CIPβ值95% CIP
固定效应
截距0.78(0.76~0.81)<0.00163.52(61.27~65.77)<0.001
调查年份(参照:2018年)
2023年0.05(0.04~0.06)<0.0015.35(4.47~6.23)<0.001
性别(参照:男)
0.003(-0.01~0.02)0.601-1.78(-2.77~-0.79)<0.001
年龄(岁,参照:60~69)
70~79-0.04(-0.05~-0.04)<0.001-3.77(-4.56~-2.97)<0.001
≥80-0.12(-0.13~-0.10)<0.001-6.38(-7.61~-5.16)<0.001
民族(参照:汉族)
其他民族0.004(-0.03~0.04)0.818-2.39(-5.24~0.47)0.102
教育水平(参照:没上过学)
小学初中0.02(0.01~0.03)<0.0011.46(0.60~2.33)0.001
高中及以上0.02(-0.001~0.05)0.0643.14(1.22~5.07)0.001
吸烟情况(参照:从不吸烟)
吸烟0.02(0.01~0.04)<0.0010.50(-0.51~1.51)0.334
饮酒情况(参照:不饮酒)
饮酒0.03(0.02~0.04)<0.0011.92(1.05~2.79)<0.001
每周锻炼频次(次,参照:0)
1~20.05(0.03~0.06)<0.0013.69(2.28~5.11)<0.001
≥30.06(0.05~0.07)<0.0014.69(3.85~5.52)<0.001
糖尿病(参照:未患糖尿病)
患糖尿病-0.04(-0.06~-0.03)<0.001-4.84(-6.04~-3.64)<0.001
高血压(参照:未患高血压)
患高血压-0.02(-0.03~-0.01)<0.001-2.29(-3.07~-1.51)<0.001
家庭年收入(参照:万元,<1)
1~50.02(0.01~0.03)<0.0012.03(1.15~2.92)<0.001
>50.03(0.02~0.05)<0.0015.02(3.76~6.28)<0.001
婚姻状况(参照:有配偶)
无配偶-0.01(-0.02~0.004)0.2060.48(-0.43~1.38)0.300
过去一年是否接受体检(参照:否)
0.03(0.02~0.04)<0.0011.42(0.65~2.20)<0.001
过去一年是否住院(参照:否)
-0.11(-0.12~-0.09)<0.001-7.94(-8.83~-7.05)<0.001
随机效应a
水平20.004(<0.001)<0.00143.852(9.950)<0.001
水平10.047(<0.007)<0.001285.849(4.507)<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241070735444210257, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240730051168236060, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

2018年和2023年四川省农村老年人生命质量影响因素两水平随机截距模型结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量效用值VAS评分
β值95% CIPβ值95% CIP
固定效应
截距0.78(0.76~0.81)<0.00163.52(61.27~65.77)<0.001
调查年份(参照:2018年)
2023年0.05(0.04~0.06)<0.0015.35(4.47~6.23)<0.001
性别(参照:男)
0.003(-0.01~0.02)0.601-1.78(-2.77~-0.79)<0.001
年龄(岁,参照:60~69)
70~79-0.04(-0.05~-0.04)<0.001-3.77(-4.56~-2.97)<0.001
≥80-0.12(-0.13~-0.10)<0.001-6.38(-7.61~-5.16)<0.001
民族(参照:汉族)
其他民族0.004(-0.03~0.04)0.818-2.39(-5.24~0.47)0.102
教育水平(参照:没上过学)
小学初中0.02(0.01~0.03)<0.0011.46(0.60~2.33)0.001
高中及以上0.02(-0.001~0.05)0.0643.14(1.22~5.07)0.001
吸烟情况(参照:从不吸烟)
吸烟0.02(0.01~0.04)<0.0010.50(-0.51~1.51)0.334
饮酒情况(参照:不饮酒)
饮酒0.03(0.02~0.04)<0.0011.92(1.05~2.79)<0.001
每周锻炼频次(次,参照:0)
1~20.05(0.03~0.06)<0.0013.69(2.28~5.11)<0.001
≥30.06(0.05~0.07)<0.0014.69(3.85~5.52)<0.001
糖尿病(参照:未患糖尿病)
患糖尿病-0.04(-0.06~-0.03)<0.001-4.84(-6.04~-3.64)<0.001
高血压(参照:未患高血压)
患高血压-0.02(-0.03~-0.01)<0.001-2.29(-3.07~-1.51)<0.001
家庭年收入(参照:万元,<1)
1~50.02(0.01~0.03)<0.0012.03(1.15~2.92)<0.001
>50.03(0.02~0.05)<0.0015.02(3.76~6.28)<0.001
婚姻状况(参照:有配偶)
无配偶-0.01(-0.02~0.004)0.2060.48(-0.43~1.38)0.300
过去一年是否接受体检(参照:否)
0.03(0.02~0.04)<0.0011.42(0.65~2.20)<0.001
过去一年是否住院(参照:否)
-0.11(-0.12~-0.09)<0.001-7.94(-8.83~-7.05)<0.001
随机效应a
水平20.004(<0.001)<0.00143.852(9.950)<0.001
水平10.047(<0.007)<0.001285.849(4.507)<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1241070736551506528, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240730051168236060, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Interaction effects between factors and time on quality of life in rural elderly populations in Sichuan Province

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量效用值VAS评分
βPβP
性别(参照:男)
0.0090.2790.9580.184
年龄(岁,参照:60~69)
70~790.0110.2430.0750.924
≥80岁0.046<0.0014.647<0.001
民族(参照:汉族)
其他民族0.0220.35618.310<0.001
教育水平(参照:没上过学)
小学初中-0.0030.731-3.301<0.001
高中及以上-0.0160.473-2.3820.201
吸烟情况(参照:从不吸烟)
吸烟0.0150.1000.4920.522
饮酒情况(参照:不饮酒)
饮酒0.0090.331-2.2620.004
每周锻炼频次(次,参照:从不锻炼)
1~2-0.0350.045-0.7670.599
≥3-0.0090.3590.2360.766
糖尿病(参照:未患糖尿病)
患糖尿病0.0320.0314.946<0.001
高血压(参照:未患高血压)
患高血压0.0140.1382.992<0.001
家庭年收入(万元,参照:<1)
1~50.0100.3420.7070.422
≥5万0.0290.0484.322<0.001
婚姻状况(参照:有配偶)
无配偶0.0280.0072.1060.014
过去一年是否接受体检(参照:否)
0.0090.3172.925<0.001
过去一年是否住院(参照:否)
-0.0070.5370.4660.605
), ArticleFig(id=1241070736656364139, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240730051168236060, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

四川省农村老年人生命质量影响因素与时间的交互作用结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量效用值VAS评分
βPβP
性别(参照:男)
0.0090.2790.9580.184
年龄(岁,参照:60~69)
70~790.0110.2430.0750.924
≥80岁0.046<0.0014.647<0.001
民族(参照:汉族)
其他民族0.0220.35618.310<0.001
教育水平(参照:没上过学)
小学初中-0.0030.731-3.301<0.001
高中及以上-0.0160.473-2.3820.201
吸烟情况(参照:从不吸烟)
吸烟0.0150.1000.4920.522
饮酒情况(参照:不饮酒)
饮酒0.0090.331-2.2620.004
每周锻炼频次(次,参照:从不锻炼)
1~2-0.0350.045-0.7670.599
≥3-0.0090.3590.2360.766
糖尿病(参照:未患糖尿病)
患糖尿病0.0320.0314.946<0.001
高血压(参照:未患高血压)
患高血压0.0140.1382.992<0.001
家庭年收入(万元,参照:<1)
1~50.0100.3420.7070.422
≥5万0.0290.0484.322<0.001
婚姻状况(参照:有配偶)
无配偶0.0280.0072.1060.014
过去一年是否接受体检(参照:否)
0.0090.3172.925<0.001
过去一年是否住院(参照:否)
-0.0070.5370.4660.605
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四川省农村老年人生命质量及其影响因素的变化研究
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郭雄 1 , 吴功华 1 , 杨绍坤 1 , 刘秋硕 2 , 余慧 2 , 郭冰 1 , 赵星 1 , 张菊英 1
现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2025,52(8): 1354-1360
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现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2025, 52(8): 1354-1360
四川省农村老年人生命质量及其影响因素的变化研究
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郭雄1, 吴功华1, 杨绍坤1, 刘秋硕2, 余慧2, 郭冰1, 赵星1, 张菊英1
作者信息
  • 1.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院,流行病与卫生统计学系,四川 成都 610041
  • 2.四川省卫生信息中心/四川省医疗大数据中心
  • 郭雄(1999—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:卫生统计方法与应用

通讯作者:

张菊英,E-mail:
Research on the changes in quality of life and its influencing factors of rural elderly, Sichuan
Xiong GUO1, Gong-hua WU1, Shao-kun YANG1, Qiu-shuo LIU2, Hui YU2, Bing GUO1, Xing ZHAO1, Ju-ying ZHANG1
Affiliations
  • Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610044, China
出版时间: 2025-04-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202411263
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目的

探究2018—2023年四川省农村老年人生命质量及其影响因素的变化情况,为适时调整健康干预措施提供依据。

方法

汇总四川省2018年第六次和2023年第七次卫生服务调查数据,使用EQ-5D问卷健康效用值和视觉刻度尺(VAS)评分评价生命质量,在加权两水平随机截距模型中纳入调查时间交互项探究影响因素的效应差异。

结果

四川省农村老年人效用值为0.83±0.22,VAS评分为65.53±17.81,均低于全国平均水平。分析显示调查年份、个体特征、生活方式、慢性病患病情况、家庭医疗因素是效用值和VAS评分的影响因素。此外,效用值评分中80岁以上(β=0.046,P<0.001)、每周锻炼1~2次(β=-0.035,P=0.045)、糖尿病(β=0.032,P=0.031)、家庭年收入5万以上(β=0.029,P=0.048)与时间的交互项有统计学意义;VAS评分中80岁以上(β=4.647,P<0.001)、小学初中学历(β=-3.301,P<0.001)、饮酒(β=-2.262,P=0.004)、糖尿病(β=4.946,P<0.001)、高血压(β=2.992,P<0.001)、家庭年收入5万以上(β=4.322,P<0.001)、过去一年接受体检(β=2.925,P<0.001)与时间的交互作用具有统计学意义。

结论

四川省农村老年人生命质量较低,需引起关注。在制定健康干预措施时,应充分考虑上述因素及效应的改变情况。

农村地区  /  老年人  /  生命质量  /  多水平模型
Objective

To explore the changes in the quality of life and its influencing factors of elderly people in rural areas of Sichuan province from 2018 to 2023, and to provide a basis for timely adjustment of health intervention measures.

Methods

Data from the sixth and seventh health service surveys in Sichuan province in 2018 and 2023 were summarized, and the EQ-5D questionnaire health utility value and visual analogue scale (VAS) score were used to evaluate quality of life.Survey time interaction items were includedin a weighted two-level random intercept model to explore the differences in the effects of influencing factors.

Results

The utility value of elderly people in rural areas of Sichuan province was 0.83±0.22, and the VAS score was 65.53±17.81, both lower than the national average. Analysis showedthat survey year, individual characteristics, lifestyle, chronic disease prevalence, and family medical factors wereinfluencing factors for utility value and VAS score. In addition, in the utility score, the interaction items of over 80 years old (β=0.046, P<0.001), 1-2 times of weekly exercise (β=-0.035, P=0.045), diabetes (β=0.032, P=0.031), and annual family income of over 50 000 (β=0.029, P=0.048) with time were statistically significant; In VAS score, the interaction between time and age of over 80 years old (β=4.647, P<0.001), primary and junior high school education (β=-3.301, P<0.001), alcohol consumption (β=-2.262, P=0.004), diabetes (β=4.946, P<0.001), hypertension (β=2.992, P<0.001), annual family income of more than 50 000 (β=4.322, P<0.001), physical examination in the past year (β=2.925, P<0.001) had statistical significance.

Conclusion

The quality of life of elderly people in rural areas of Sichuan province is relatively low and requires attention. When formulating health intervention measures, full consideration should be given to the changes in the above factors and effects.

Rural areas  /  Elderly people  /  Quality of life  /  Multi-level model
郭雄, 吴功华, 杨绍坤, 刘秋硕, 余慧, 郭冰, 赵星, 张菊英. 四川省农村老年人生命质量及其影响因素的变化研究. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (8) : 1354 -1360 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202411263
Xiong GUO, Gong-hua WU, Shao-kun YANG, Qiu-shuo LIU, Hui YU, Bing GUO, Xing ZHAO, Ju-ying ZHANG. Research on the changes in quality of life and its influencing factors of rural elderly, Sichuan[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (8) : 1354 -1360 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202411263
近年来,我国农村地区老年人口迅速增长,老龄化问题日益严峻,四川省农村60岁及以上老年人口占比高达22.8%,远超城镇水平[1]。随着社会经济发展和卫生服务系统的完善,影响老年人生命质量的因素可能存在变化。现有研究多局限于某一时间点的横断面分析[2],缺乏对影响因素演变的探讨。探究老年人群生命质量影响因素的变化,可为适时改变相关政策提供科学依据。本研究旨在探究四川省农村老年人生命质量的变化情况,并通过研究生命质量的影响因素及其随时间变化情况,为改善农村老年人健康状况、制定相关政策提供依据。
本研究数据来源于2018年四川省第六次国家卫生服务调查和2023年四川省第七次国家卫生服务调查。两次调查设计均采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样,每次调查均分为四个阶段,第一阶段以县(市、区)为抽样单元,采用系统随机抽样方法抽取14个样本县(市、区);第二阶段在每个抽中的县(市、区)内随机抽取5个乡镇(街道);第三阶段在每个样本乡镇(街道)内随机抽取2个村;最后按照住户清单采用系统抽样随机抽取60户居民户,抽中户的所有常住家庭成员均要纳入调查。本研究选取两次调查中农村地区60岁及以上的老年人作为研究对象,其中第六次调查共3 552人,第七次调查共4 539人。
生命质量通过欧洲五维度健康量表EQ-5D健康效用值以及EQ-5D视觉刻度尺(Visual analogue scale,VAS)评分进行衡量。EQ-5D健康效用值包括活动能力、自我照顾、日常活动、疼痛或不适、焦虑或抑郁5个维度的问题[3]。这些问题可以转化为效用值得分,从客观上反映患者的健康水平。此外,该量表还包括一个VAS评分,受访者在0至100分打分反映自身健康状况,反映受访者本人对于自身健康水平的评价,分值越高代表评价越好。本研究利用基于中国居民的健康效用值体系,分别对第六次和第七次卫生服务调查数据进行转化,计算得到健康效用值。VAS评分则通过问卷直接获得。研究的自变量参考既往文献[4],考虑到四川省调查的多民族特征,本研究将民族也纳入了研究。包括个体特征(性别、年龄、民族、教育水平)、生活方式(吸烟、饮酒、每周锻炼频次)、慢性病患病情况(糖尿病及高血压患病情况)、家庭医疗因素(家庭年收入、婚姻状况、过去一年是否体检或住院)。此外,调查年份作为二分类变量纳入模型。
本研究汇总了两次调查的数据,首先描述性分析老年人的一般人口学信息及效用值和VAS评分信息,并利用t检验或者方差分析进行单因素分析。由于不同乡镇的研究对象可能存在聚集性,本研究采用加权两水平随机截距模型探究生命质量效用值和VAS评分的影响因素,并对各个协变量依次与调查时间进行交互作用分析,探究影响因素在两次调查中的效应差异[5]。加权两水平随机截距模型中以个体为水平1单位,乡镇为水平2单位。数据整理和分析采用R 4.3.1和MLwiN 2.3统计软件,检验水准α=0.05。
描述性分析结果如表1所示。受访者中男性、汉族较多,平均年龄为(70.31±7.14)岁。大多数受访者在60~69岁之间,小学初中学历、不吸烟饮酒、不锻炼、不患有高血压或糖尿病、家庭年收入1万至5万、有配偶、过去一年进行过体检以及未住院。效用值为0.83±0.22,其中2018年为0.79±0.22,2023年为0.86±0.22。VAS评分为65.53±17.81,其中2018年为62.49±18.25,2023年为67.92±17.09。
单因素分析结果见表1。效用值和VAS评分在两次调查中的差异均有统计学意义。对于效用值和VAS评分,男性、其他民族、吸烟、饮酒、未患糖尿病及高血压、有配偶、过去一年体检以及未住院的老年个体分数均更高。
在随机截距模型中,随机效应可以揭示不同地区之间的差异情况。对乡镇水平的方差成分进行Wald检验,效用值和VAS评分的结果P值均小于0.001(表2)。并且考虑到调查设计本身也具有层次结构,因此适合使用多水平模型。
(1)健康效用值影响因素及与时间交互情况 两水平随机截距模型结果见表2,效用值影响因素分析结果显示,70~79岁以及80岁以上的老人、患有糖尿病或高血压、过去一年住院均是效用值的危险因素,而2023年受访者、小学初中、吸烟、饮酒、每周1~2次或3次及以上体育锻炼、家庭年收入1万~5万或5万以上、过去一年接受体检均是保护因素。影响因素与时间的交互作用结果见表3。年龄、每周锻炼1~2次、糖尿病患病、家庭年收入5万以上与时间的交互作用具有统计学意义。
(2)VAS评分影响因素及与时间交互情况 VAS评分影响因素分析结果显示,女性、70~79岁以及80岁以上的老人患有高血压或糖尿病、过去一年住院均是危险因素,2023年受访者、小学初中或高中以上学历、饮酒、每周1~2次或3次及以上体育锻炼、家庭年收入1万~5万或5万以上、过去一年接受体检均是保护因素。年龄、小学初中学历、饮酒、糖尿病及高血压患者、家庭年收入5万以上、过去一年接受体检与时间的交互具有统计学意义。
本研究基于四川省第六次和第七次卫生服务调查的数据,分析了四川省农村老年人生命质量的变化情况、生命质量影响因素及其与时间的交互作用。对比两次调查的结果,四川省农村老年人生命质量健康效用值和VAS评分均得到了提高,但是两者均低于报告的全国平均水平[6]
(1)个体特征 研究显示女性的VAS评分低于男性,可能是因为农村男性在家庭和社会关系以及经济状况中处于主导地位。效用值和VAS评分均显示,随着年龄的增长,老年人的生命质量呈现下降趋势,但对80岁以上老年人而言第二次调查时这种下降趋势减弱了。这可能是由于高龄老人在日常生活中遇到更多的健康问题和不便[7],同时对自身健康状况的评价也趋于负面。而两次调查期间,关于老年人的一些照顾可能减弱了高龄对于生命质量的危害效应[8]。具有高中及以上学历的老年人VAS评分高于未接受过教育的老年人。此外,小学初中学历的老年人效用值和VAS评分也高于未接受过教育的老年人,并且对VAS评分而言这种效应在第二次调查时减弱。教育使得老年人能够始终保持积极向上的心态,并且保持更健康的生活方式[9]
(2)生活方式 吸烟对效用值是保护因素,而饮酒是效用值和VAS评分的保护因素。这与既往基于全国数据的研究一致[6],提示需进一步探究此结果是否归因于患者本身良好的健康状况或是仅仅基于其自我评估的乐观倾向。此外,饮酒对VAS评分的效应在第二次调查时减弱。每周锻炼1~2次或3次及以上的老年人,其效用值和VAS评分均高于从不锻炼老年人。体力活动有助于提高老年人生命质量以及心理健康状态[10]。每周锻炼1~2次对效用值的益处在第二次调查时减弱,提示需要增加锻炼次数。
(3)慢性病患病情况 糖尿病和高血压作为两种常见的慢性病,患有糖尿病或高血压的老年人,其健康效用值和VAS评分均较未患病者低。这些慢性病不仅对身体健康造成了直接影响,还增加了老年人生活中的不便和痛苦,降低了他们的日常生命质量[11]。但是第二次调查时糖尿病对效用值及VAS评分以及血压对VAS评分的危害均降低,这可能是因为慢性病管理取得了初步成效[12]
(4)家庭医疗因素 家庭年收入1万至5万及5万以上的老年人的效用值和VAS评分均高于家庭年收入一万以下的老人。收入较高的家庭能够为老年人提供更好的生活条件和医疗服务,帮助他们保持较高的健康水平[13]。并且,在第二次调查中这种效应在家庭年收入5万以上的老人中得到增加。这说明更高的家庭经济水平对老年人生命质量的影响更加明显。过去一年参加健康体检或未住院的老年人效用值和VAS评分均较高。定期健康体检有助于早期发现和治疗疾病,提高老年人的健康水平[14],并且在第二次调查中这一做法对VAS评分的提升有所增强。随着医疗资源在农村地区的不断普及[15],体检的作用在老年人健康管理中的重要性日益凸显。而住院经历可能意味着较差的健康状况和较高的慢性病负担,因此其健康效用值和VAS评分较低。
提高四川省农村老年人生命质量应该注重女性以及高龄老人生命质量的改善。(1)要加强健康教育,尤其是针对低学历群体,制定更多符合其认知水平的健康知识普及和行为指导,以提升其健康素养。同时,鼓励和促进老年人增加体力活动。(2)继续加强慢性病管理,特别是糖尿病和高血压等常见慢性病,需通过定期检查、药物管理和生活方式指导来降低其对生命质量的负面影响。(3)提高农村老年人的经济水平为其提供更稳定的生活保障。进一步加强基础医疗服务的覆盖和可及性,尤其是提高老年人接受定期健康检查的比例,通过早期发现和处理健康问题来预防严重疾病的发生发展。
本研究也有一些不足,首先, EQ-5D健康效用值和VAS评分基于西方文化背景,但本研究采用中国居民的健康效用值体系进行转化,尽可能提高了评估结果的准确性。第二,研究变量未涵盖心理健康、社会支持等潜在影响因素。最后,数据来源于问卷调查,可能存在回忆偏差。
本研究发现四川省农村老年人生命质量受到多方面因素的影响,包括个体特征、生活方式、慢性疾病和家庭医疗因素。同时,影响因素在这两次调查期间的效应也有变化。结论表明,提升老年人生命质量需从健康干预、生活方式改善和医疗保障等方面入手。本研究不仅为提高老年人生命质量提供了科学依据,也对未来公共卫生干预措施具有重要指导意义。
  • 四川省2023年卫生服务专项调查
  • 国家自然科学基金(82073667)
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2025年第52卷第8期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202411263
  • 接收时间:2024-11-13
  • 首发时间:2026-03-17
  • 出版时间:2025-04-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-11-13
基金
四川省2023年卫生服务专项调查
国家自然科学基金(82073667)
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    1.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院,流行病与卫生统计学系,四川 成都 610041
    2.四川省卫生信息中心/四川省医疗大数据中心

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
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红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
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