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Article(id=1240722575844766207, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240722566957027366, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202503026, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1740844800000, receivedDateStr=2025-03-02, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773740913592, onlineDateStr=2026-03-17, pubDate=1760025600000, pubDateStr=2025-10-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773740913592, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773740913592, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773740913592, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240722566957027366, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='19', pageStart='3457', pageEnd='3648', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1773740911472, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773740981732, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1240722861736906836, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240722566957027366, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1240722861736906837, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240722566957027366, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3579, endPage=3584, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240722576306139687, articleId=1240722575844766207, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Multiple misalignment types and causes of supply and demand relationships of health and wellness services in China, columnId=1228016567846367388, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Health Policy and Management, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective The study aims to analyze the types and causes of multiple misalignment between supply and demand of health and wellness services in China, with a view to providing novel and operable theoretical perspectives and practical paths for solving the problem of misalignment between supply and demand and breaking through the bottlenecks of current health and wellness services. Methods A meta-ethnographic approach was adopted to analyse 16 original studies, to scientifically classify the types of multiple misalignment between supply and demand of health and wellness services in China, and to systematically deconstruct their causes with the help of the ROCCIPI technology framework. Results This study summarized the significant misalignment between supply and demand of health and wellness services in China in terms of quantity matching, quality satisfaction, structural rationality and information symmetry. Then, the root causes of the misalignment were analyzed from the seven core dimensions of rule-making and enforcement, opportunity grasping, capacity provision, information exchange, benefit distribution, process optimization, and awareness enhancement. Conclusion It is suggested to focus on five core dimensions, including collaborative participation of multiple stakeholders, dynamic requirements identification, efficient resource integration, integration of digital and intelligent technologies, and cultivation of professional talents, so as to promote the precise matching and sound development of supply and demand in health and wellness services.

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目的 文章深入剖析我国康养服务领域中供需关系多重错位的类型及其成因，以期为解决供需错位问题、突破当前康养服务现实瓶颈，提供新颖且具可操作性的理论视角与实践路径。方法 采用元人种志方法对16项原始研究综合集成分析，科学划分我国康养服务供需关系多重错位的类型，并借助ROCCIPI技术框架对其成因进行系统解构。结果 归纳了我国康养服务供需关系在数量匹配度、质量满足度、结构合理性以及信息对称性四个方面存在的供需错位现象。从规则制定与执行、机会把握、能力提供、信息交流、利益分配、过程优化、意识提升七个核心维度，深入剖析了导致上述供需关系错位的根源。结论 建议从多元主体协同、动态需求识别、资源高效整合、数智科技融合、专业人才培育五个核心维度着手，以促进康养服务供需精准匹配与良性发展。

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张淑娥，E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点，除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=07DIiicdWiiWnMJ89NlhmQ==, magXml=EixShCMnOz9BVfi3l1NOBg==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=iacIibhVO3HQQDa+T453ag==, pdfFileSize=886504, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=xrEqGpqVs5e6zFXSyMqlvw==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

范绕琪（2004—），女，本科在读，研究方向：老龄化，脆弱人群健康治理

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范绕琪（2004—），女，本科在读，研究方向：老龄化，脆弱人群健康治理

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范绕琪（2004—），女，本科在读，研究方向：老龄化，脆弱人群健康治理

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Cognitive framework of multiple misalignment between supply and demand of health and wellness services in China

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
错位类型核心指标具体表现研究证据
供需数量供给总量养老床位供给不足、总量供给短缺文献8、10、13、16、18、19、20
服务设施配套设施规模小、功能不齐全、供给有限文献6、15、18、19
专业人才复合型人才缺乏、专业人员不足、专业素养低文献8、10、11、12、16、17、19
供需质量服务内容服务内容单一、服务项目少文献6、12、13、14、18、19、21
服务专业性服务不规范、服务质量参差不齐、服务态度差文献6、8、11、12、15、16
供需结构服务机构市场服务机构两极分化文献9、10、12、20、21
服务资源服务资源城乡差异、区域差异文献7、9、11、13、14、17
供需信息信息共享数据信息孤岛、数字鸿沟文献9、11、13
信息对接信息平台建设滞后、标准化程度低、信息整合不均文献6、11、14、15、17
), ArticleFig(id=1240933508391170803, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240722575844766207, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

我国康养服务供需关系多重错位的认知框架

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
错位类型核心指标具体表现研究证据
供需数量供给总量养老床位供给不足、总量供给短缺文献8、10、13、16、18、19、20
服务设施配套设施规模小、功能不齐全、供给有限文献6、15、18、19
专业人才复合型人才缺乏、专业人员不足、专业素养低文献8、10、11、12、16、17、19
供需质量服务内容服务内容单一、服务项目少文献6、12、13、14、18、19、21
服务专业性服务不规范、服务质量参差不齐、服务态度差文献6、8、11、12、15、16
供需结构服务机构市场服务机构两极分化文献9、10、12、20、21
服务资源服务资源城乡差异、区域差异文献7、9、11、13、14、17
供需信息信息共享数据信息孤岛、数字鸿沟文献9、11、13
信息对接信息平台建设滞后、标准化程度低、信息整合不均文献6、11、14、15、17
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我国康养服务供需关系多重错位类型与成因探析
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范绕琪 1 , 张淑娥 1 , 商佳怡 1 , 周欣 1 , 温情雯 1 , 李雪迎 1 , 郝艳华 1 , 孙涛 2
现代预防医学 | 卫生政策与管理 2025,52(19): 3579-3584
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现代预防医学 | 卫生政策与管理 2025, 52(19): 3579-3584
我国康养服务供需关系多重错位类型与成因探析
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范绕琪1, 张淑娥1 , 商佳怡1, 周欣1, 温情雯1, 李雪迎1, 郝艳华1, 孙涛2
作者信息
  • 1.哈尔滨医科大学卫生管理学院，黑龙江 哈尔滨 150081
  • 2.杭州师范大学公共管理学院

    • 范绕琪（2004—），女，本科在读，研究方向：老龄化，脆弱人群健康治理

通讯作者:

张淑娥，E-mail:
Multiple misalignment types and causes of supply and demand relationships of health and wellness services in China
Rao-qi FAN1, Shu-e ZHANG1 , Jia-yi SHANG1, Xin ZHOU1, Qing-wen WEN1, Xue-ying LI1, Yan-hua HAO1, Tao SUN2
Affiliations
  • School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
出版时间: 2025-10-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202503026
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摘要
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目的 文章深入剖析我国康养服务领域中供需关系多重错位的类型及其成因，以期为解决供需错位问题、突破当前康养服务现实瓶颈，提供新颖且具可操作性的理论视角与实践路径。方法 采用元人种志方法对16项原始研究综合集成分析，科学划分我国康养服务供需关系多重错位的类型，并借助ROCCIPI技术框架对其成因进行系统解构。结果 归纳了我国康养服务供需关系在数量匹配度、质量满足度、结构合理性以及信息对称性四个方面存在的供需错位现象。从规则制定与执行、机会把握、能力提供、信息交流、利益分配、过程优化、意识提升七个核心维度，深入剖析了导致上述供需关系错位的根源。结论 建议从多元主体协同、动态需求识别、资源高效整合、数智科技融合、专业人才培育五个核心维度着手，以促进康养服务供需精准匹配与良性发展。

积极老龄化  /  康养服务  /  供需错位  /  元人种志  /  ROCCIPI技术

Objective The study aims to analyze the types and causes of multiple misalignment between supply and demand of health and wellness services in China, with a view to providing novel and operable theoretical perspectives and practical paths for solving the problem of misalignment between supply and demand and breaking through the bottlenecks of current health and wellness services. Methods A meta-ethnographic approach was adopted to analyse 16 original studies, to scientifically classify the types of multiple misalignment between supply and demand of health and wellness services in China, and to systematically deconstruct their causes with the help of the ROCCIPI technology framework. Results This study summarized the significant misalignment between supply and demand of health and wellness services in China in terms of quantity matching, quality satisfaction, structural rationality and information symmetry. Then, the root causes of the misalignment were analyzed from the seven core dimensions of rule-making and enforcement, opportunity grasping, capacity provision, information exchange, benefit distribution, process optimization, and awareness enhancement. Conclusion It is suggested to focus on five core dimensions, including collaborative participation of multiple stakeholders, dynamic requirements identification, efficient resource integration, integration of digital and intelligent technologies, and cultivation of professional talents, so as to promote the precise matching and sound development of supply and demand in health and wellness services.

Positive aging  /  Health and wellness services  /  Misalignment between supply and demand  /  Meta-ethnography  /  ROCCIPI technology
范绕琪, 张淑娥, 商佳怡, 周欣, 温情雯, 李雪迎, 郝艳华, 孙涛. 我国康养服务供需关系多重错位类型与成因探析. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (19) : 3579 -3584 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202503026
Rao-qi FAN, Shu-e ZHANG, Jia-yi SHANG, Xin ZHOU, Qing-wen WEN, Xue-ying LI, Yan-hua HAO, Tao SUN. Multiple misalignment types and causes of supply and demand relationships of health and wellness services in China[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (19) : 3579 -3584 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202503026
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随着人口结构的转型和人均期望寿命的延长，老年群体的健康和养老问题对社会可持续发展带来了严峻挑战。针对老年人的慢性病多发、功能衰退、认知障碍及心理健康等问题，传统单一粗放式养老服务体系难以满足老年人高质量、多元化与个性化的康养服务需求[1]。发展康养服务不仅是积极应对人口老龄化的关键举措，也是推动养老事业迈向高质量发展的重要一环，更是银发经济浪潮下大健康产业发展的新机遇与新挑战。康养服务主要是面向老年群体，提供包括日常照护、医疗护理、康复保健、精神慰藉以及文化娱乐等在内的养老养生服务，核心是提升老年人的生命健康与福祉体验。目前，我国康养服务的发展仍处于初步探索阶段，在养老需求持续攀升与供给能力不足的双重压力下，康养服务的供给与需求之间存在显著的割裂与不均衡现象，供需不匹配问题尤为突出[2-3]。研究运用元人种志方法对具有代表性的研究案例进行综合集成分析，归纳并诠释我国康养服务供需关系中存在的错位类型。运用ROCCIPI技术框架，系统性地解构康养服务供需关系多重错位的深层次成因，提出优化康养服务供需匹配的对策建议。以期深化康养服务和老龄社会领域的理论探索，为后续学术研究及政策制定提供理论支撑和参考依据。
1　资料与方法
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1.1　元人种志
用元人种志分析方法对康养服务主题的原始文献进行转化、比较、解释、分析、集成，提炼我国康养服务供需关系多重错位类型的认知框架[4]。
1.1.1　资料来源
将中国知网CNKI学术期刊库作为数据检索平台，以“康养服务”或“社区康养”或“养老服务”和“供需错位”为主题词进行中文文献检索，检索时间跨度为2015年8月—2024年8月，运用引文追踪、文献滚雪球等方式对文献进行查缺补漏，共计获取591篇原始文献。
1.1.2　选择和排除标准
通过Endnote软件对文献的标题、关键词和摘要进行阅读和评估，排除与研究主题不相关的文献（n=486），为了确保研究的准确性和有效性，遵循CASP[5]评价标准进行深入筛选，剔除不符合要求的文献（n=89），最终纳入16项原始研究[6-21]。
1.1.3　综合分析与集成
仔细反复阅读原始研究，提取其中关于我国康养服务供需关系错位的原始表述，在忠于原始研究的语术语句的前提下，通过同义词替换转译和概括转译来实现研究间的比较，并对存在分歧的表述进行解释，最终对核心观点进行集成和聚类分析。
1.2　ROCCIPI技术
以系统观视角，运用ROCCIPI技术框架，从康养服务发展的规则、机会、能力、交流、利益、过程和意识七个核心维度对我国康养服务供需关系多重错位的成因进行系统解析[22]。
2　结果
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2.1　基于元人种志方法的我国康养服务供需关系多重错位类型
对16项原始研究转译集成后，确定了四种错位类型，分别为供需数量错位、供需质量错位、供需结构错位、供需信息错位，具体阐述如下。研究绘制了“我国康养服务供需关系多重错位类型的认知框架”。见表1。
2.1.1　康养服务供需数量错位
我国康养服务供需数量错位核心问题体现为数量匹配度显著不足，具体归纳为以下三个方面。一是康养服务供给总量显著不足，直接表现为康养服务的发展进程中，其供给量难以充分满足日益增长的需求量。在老龄化加剧、失能老年人口增多以及慢性病普遍化的社会背景下，我国康养服务需求持续扩张，但供给侧尚处发展初期，产业体系远未匹配需求规模。二是康养服务设施呈现“规模不足-功能残缺”的双重困境，硬件承载力与服务可及性显著弱于实际需求。三是“医护康”复合型专业服务人才匮乏，专业护理人员占比仅为15%，其余多为非专业人员和志愿者，因缺乏专业培训与护理技能，导致服务质效难以满足需求方的期望。
2.1.2　康养服务供需质量错位
我国康养服务供需质量错位核心问题体现为质量满足度不充分，具体归纳为两个方面。首先是服务内容的有限性与需求多样化的矛盾。随着经济水平的提升和健康观念的演进，老年人在生理、心理以及社会层面的需求均展现出多元化、高水平的特性。然而，当前康养服务的内容主要集中于基本的生活照料，对于老年人医疗康复、精神慰藉、文化生活等项目供给则相对匮乏。另一方面是供需服务专业性的错位，例如康养服务机构存在服务标准流程缺位、服务操作规范性不足、服务质量异质性显著及服务人员态度欠佳等问题，均反映出康养服务的专业化水平有待提高。
2.1.3　康养服务供需结构错位
我国康养服务供需结构错位主要表现为服务机构和服务资源供需结构失衡。服务机构失衡主要体现在机构间显著的两极分化与市场需求的不匹配。市场上的养老机构主要呈现出两种极端形态：一是高端的养护中心，其设施完善、服务优质，但价格高昂；二是规模小、服务水平低的养老机构，其价格虽低但服务质量难以保障。而“性价比优”的中间层次养老机构数量稀少，难以满足主流需求。服务资源供需结构失衡主要体现在城乡间及地区间的差异，城市的康养服务资源密度、质量远超农村地区，农村老年人的康养需求难以得到有效满足。此外，康养服务资源配置主要集中在我国的一些发达省市，这些地区得益于政策支持、资金投入等方面优势，康养服务体系相对完善；而对于欠发达地区而言，由于资源有限、政策支持不足等原因，康养服务的发展均呈现动力不足、程度低的问题。
2.1.4　康养服务供需信息错位
我国康养服务体系中供需信息的不匹配问题尤为显著，其核心症结在于供需数据信息的共享与对接机制不健全。理想的供需双方信息交互应建立在高效、数字化的信息共享平台之上，以实现信息的即时流通与精准对接。而目前康养数据信息的共享壁垒较高，老年人的多元化需求难以通过现有渠道获得及时响应与有效满足。此外，康养信息平台建设的滞后性问题突出，例如信息平台普遍存在信息更新不及时、内容完善度不足以及标准化程度低等问题，严重制约了康养服务信息的有效供给与需求匹配。信息更新滞后导致服务提供方难以准确把握市场动态与需求变化，标准化缺失则进一步加剧了信息处理的复杂性与低效性，二者共同构成了康养服务信息供需对接的障碍。
2.2　基于ROCCIPI框架我国康养服务供需关系多重错位成因探析
2.2.1　康养服务供需关系多重错位规则探析
康养服务的规则是指康养服务发展的整个体系下所制定的政策、制度、条例等内容的集合[23]。国家在养老服务、医养结合、康养等领域的顶层设计与政策法规体系的系统性与综合性尚显不足，未形成健康有序衔接的生态结构。此外财政补贴、技术扶持等激励性政策落地效能不足，社会保障制度的缺口，难以响应老年人的多样态以及结构性增长需求。地方政策层的实施办法停留在原则性引导阶段，缺乏结合区域实际的操作流程与配套措施，服务供给与真实需求之间形成错位。此外，城乡与地区间政策差异显著，经济发达地区凭借政策优势形成对专业人才与优质服务机构的集聚效应，而农村及欠发达地区则因政策支持不足与资源吸附效应，陷入康养服务供给 “空心化”困境，区域间服务质量与可及性的差距持续扩大。
2.2.2　康养服务供需关系多重错位机会探析
康养服务的机会是指康养服务获得快速发展的机遇和条件。在银发经济崛起的背景下，康养服务产业迎来黄金发展期。内需驱动视角，老年人健康需求已从基础生理健康向生理、心理及社会适应能力的全面健康拓展，不同生命周期与健康状态下的个性化服务需求亟待精准响应。供需响应视角，康养产业的发展模式尚不成熟。其一，康养产业生态融合度不足，康养服务与医疗、文旅等良性竞合机制尚未建立，康养产业链条断裂、区域布局失衡，资源过度集中于公立机构，民营机构呈现规模偏小、分布零散的特征；其二，康养服务作为新兴行业的标准缺失，康养服务科学规范与评价指标体系尚未形成共识，凸显出市场服务质量差异显著，服务不规范、专业化水平偏低等问题；其三，康养产品适老化技术革新迟缓和智慧化程度低，难以满足老年人日益增长的高品质、多样态的服务需求，成为产业发展的关键制约因素。
2.2.3　康养服务供需关系多重错位能力探析
康养服务的能力是指能有效消解康养服务现存的发展瓶颈，并有效促进其可持续发展的综合能力。从老龄社会就绪度水平探测，当前我国康养服务能力在人力资源配置、财政支持力度和制度协同效能等维度存在显著短板。康养服务人才储备与建设滞后，高校及医疗机构人才培育与康养服务人才培养目标与实践需求脱节。现有康养服务人员工作强度大、薪资福利低、晋升空间小，人才流失严重，加剧着康养服务供给与需求之间的结构性矛盾。受制于公共财政体制局限与区域经济差异，欠发达地区康养服务基础设施投入远低于发达地区，引发服务机构水平两极分化，具体表现为设施配置不足、空间布局失衡等结构性问题。医疗、养老、社会保障等系统间系统联动能力不足，具体表现为相关政策衔接不畅，资源整合效率低下，严重制约着康养服务能力的发展。
2.2.4　康养服务供需关系多重错位交流探析
康养服务交流机制是指康养服务供给与需求主体之间的信息交互系统，其运行效率直接影响服务供需匹配的有效性。我国康养服务领域面临突出的信息共享壁垒。老年群体需求识别受多重因素制约，包括认知能力局限、经济社会地位差异、个体及家庭主观偏好，以及需求的动态演变特征，导致真实需求难以精准捕捉，从而影响康养服务的精准供给。其次，康养服务数字化与智能化平台建设进程相对滞后，在供需数据的实时采集、系统整合与智能分析方面存在显著技术瓶颈，难以实现高效的数据对接与应用。此外，政府、市场与社会三方主体间尚未建立协同化的信息交互网络，制度性沟通渠道缺位，严重阻碍了康养服务资源的优化配置与精准投放。
2.2.5　康养服务供需关系多重错位利益探析
康养服务的利益是指康养服务各参与主体间利益考虑和协同关系，涵盖公共福利诉求、市场价值回报与个体权益保障。在“未富先老”背景下，尽管康养产业对拉动内需、促进就业意义重大且市场前景广阔，但利益协调困境尚存。一方面，产业投资规模大、回报周期长，且服务需兼具公益性与福利性，导致社会资本多持观望态度，资金注入不足。另一方面，部分市场主体在短期利益驱动下，通过疗效夸大等不当营销手段降低服务标准，造成服务质量与老年群体实际需求的结构性错配。此外，跨部门、多主体的利益分配机制尚未健全，在缺乏制度性协调框架的情况下，各利益相关方的博弈显著提升了政策执行成本与服务供给效率损失。
2.2.6　康养服务供需关系多重错位过程探析
康养服务发展过程是指该服务体系在演进过程中所实现的阶段性成果与系统化积累。当前我国康养服务正处于探索性发展阶段，总体呈现碎片化态势。从产业发展过程观察，存在质化需求；从监管体系维度审视，存在标准体系缺失、质量评估机制不健全等制度短板，造成服务质量存在显著差异性；从治理过程维度分析，民政、社会保障、商务等职能部门间存在权责边界模糊、协同机制缺位等体制性障碍，严重制约了康养服务向系统化、高质量发展转型的进程。
2.2.7　康养服务供需关系多重错位意识探析
康养服务的意识是指康养服务体系下各参与主体形成的认知评价、价值判断与行为导向。康养服务的意识困境表现为政府维度呈现政策解读梯度差异，市场定位存在低效同质化竞争，个体需求受路径依赖导致认知偏差，信息维度因监管缺失产生信任危机等多维认知困境。老年人易受传统养老观念和公共医疗资源依赖的影响，对康养服务机构比较排斥，加剧公立医院床位紧张与民营机构空置矛盾。部分康养企业开发建设缺乏规划与创新，互联网虚假宣传降低市场信用，难以凝聚产业发展合力。导致康养服务政策悬浮、市场失灵、市场需求抑制的不良生态。
3　讨论
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3.1　推动政企社多元协作，营建康养服务供给生态
康养服务发展涉及的政府、市场、社会等多主体应协同共振，形成康养服务发展合力。政府统筹规划区域康养服务资源配置，建立健全包括财政补贴、税收优惠、用地保障等在内的政策支持体系，同时完善跨部门协作机制，强化保险衔接机制与支付方式改革。此外，构建覆盖服务准入、过程监控与结果评估的全链条质量监管体系。康养服务市场应充分发挥市场机制优势，在坚持普惠性原则的基础上，推动建立统一的行业服务标准、质量评价体系和信用管理制度，促进行业有序竞争。动员社会资本及社会力量参与社区康养服务网络建设，如设立社区嵌入式康养设施与服务中心，最终形成优势互补、风险共担、利益共享的康养服务供给生态。
3.2　动态识别康养需求，重塑康养服务供需对接机制
整合线上线下资源，建立覆盖生理指标、健康档案、需求偏好的康养服务信息数据平台，结合机器学习算法构建需求预测模型，实现服务需求的动态识别与精准画像，推动供需有效对接。同时需强化数据安全治理，明确数据采集、存储与应用的边界，通过构建可信的数据治理体系增强老年人的使用信任。政府部门与社会组织需基于实地调研结果，动态调整康养服务的软硬件配置；市场主体则应深化消费市场调研，精准解析老年人的产品功能诉求、购买意愿及价格预期，以优化供给结构。通过需求识别与供给调整的协同联动，形成康养服务供需两端的精准对接与良性互动。
3.3　整合碎片化康养资源，优化康养服务供给
结合人口结构与老龄化区域特征，科学规划康养服务基础设施的空间分布，通过政策引导激活土地、技术、人力及信息等要素的流动与重组，重点补齐欠发达地区的服务设施短板，同步推进存量设施的适老化改造与功能升级。强化社区卫生服务中心与专业康复机构、乡镇卫生院与村卫生室的一体化建设，通过信息共享、技术协作与人才联动构建互联互通的基层医疗卫生服务网络，促进优质资源向基层下沉[24]。此外，鼓励医疗机构、康复中心与养老机构深化合作，将康养服务向社区与家庭延伸，探索医康养联合体模式，提供预防、诊疗、护理、康复及心理支持等全方位服务，切实满足老年人的多元康养需求。
3.4　数智赋能康养产业，助推康养实效提质升级
康养服务企业应加速推进技术创新与产业融合，以数字化转型驱动服务模式升级。在数智技术应用上，需深化物联网、大数据、人工智能等新一代信息技术与康养服务的有机融合，丰富产品供给矩阵，提供如智能心率监控、血氧血糖检测、智能辅具、AI陪护等个性化、智能化的康养产品。在服务创新革新上，应着力构建“智慧康养服务平台”。通过搭建居家智能监测系统、远程医疗会诊系统和紧急呼叫响应系统，实现健康数据的实时采集、动态分析与精准干预[25]。此外，加强跨产业协同创新，突破医疗、养老、康复等领域的传统边界，推动形成整合服务体系，共同研发适老化智能产品与服务解决方案，完善康养产业生态体系，构建康养产业发展新格局。
3.5　联动康养产学研培养，缓解康养领域人才短缺
支持高等院校与职业教育机构增设老年护理、康复治疗、健康管理等康养相关专业，扩大招生规模并配套建设高水平教学团队，通过定向培养、订单式培养等模式夯实人才基础。鼓励行业协会、龙头企业等社会力量参与职业技能培训，开发模块化课程体系[26]，建立分层分类的职业资格认证标准，为转岗人员提供“理论培训-实操演练-资格认证-就业对接”的一站式转型通道。此外，健全全周期职业发展支持系统，包括岗前规范化培训、在岗技能提升、管理能力专项研修以及科学的绩效考核体系，并配套改善工作条件、完善薪酬激励与职业晋升双通道，增强其职业认同感与归属感，为康养服务可持续发展提供可持续的人力资源支撑。
研究基于元人种志和ROCCIPI技术框架，系统识别了我国康养服务供需关系多重错位类型及其成因。鉴于文献检索存在时间跨度、数据库覆盖范围及筛选标准的潜在影响，后续研究可在检索策略上进一步完善，以提升结论的普适性与深度。同时，当前康养服务供需研究在理论与实践层面仍存在拓展空间，未来研究需关注康养服务的实证研究，以推进康养服务在新时代实现高质量发展。
基金
收起
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(72374057)
  • 中国博士后科学基金第17批特别资助(2024T170207)
  • 中国博士后科学基金第74批面上资助“地区专项支持计划”(2023MD744209)
  • 黑龙江省自然科学基金联合项目(LH2024G004)
  • 2023年度黑龙江省“优秀青年教师基础研究支持计划”项目(YQJH2023029)
  • 2023年度黑龙江省博士后资助项目（面上资助）(LBH-Z23233)
文献
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2025年第52卷第19期
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文章信息
doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202503026
  • 接收时间：2025-03-02
  • 首发时间：2026-03-17
  • 出版时间：2025-10-10
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  • 收稿日期：2025-03-02
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(72374057)
中国博士后科学基金第17批特别资助(2024T170207)
中国博士后科学基金第74批面上资助“地区专项支持计划”(2023MD744209)
黑龙江省自然科学基金联合项目(LH2024G004)
2023年度黑龙江省“优秀青年教师基础研究支持计划”项目(YQJH2023029)
2023年度黑龙江省博士后资助项目（面上资助）(LBH-Z23233)
作者信息
    1.哈尔滨医科大学卫生管理学院，黑龙江 哈尔滨 150081
    2.杭州师范大学公共管理学院

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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