Article(id=1240722574611632544, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240722566957027366, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202503340, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1747929600000, receivedDateStr=2025-05-23, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773740913297, onlineDateStr=2026-03-17, pubDate=1760025600000, pubDateStr=2025-10-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773740913297, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773740913297, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773740913297, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240722566957027366, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='19', pageStart='3457', pageEnd='3648', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1773740911472, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773740981732, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1240722861736906836, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240722566957027366, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1240722861736906837, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240722566957027366, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3484, endPage=3489, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240722575022674369, articleId=1240722574611632544, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=The chain mediating effect of self-efficacy and social participation between physical function and physical resilience in older adults, columnId=1240413921954295836, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Epidemiology and Statistical Methods, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective This study investigates the mediating effects of general self-efficacy and social participation on the relationship between physical function and physical resilience (PR) among older adults. Methods The elderly in five communities selected by cluster sampling in Xinxiang City were surveyed using the Simplified Physical Fitness Test Scale,Physical Resilience Scale, General Self-Efficacy Scale, and the Social Participation Scale from March to November 2024.Descriptive statistics, variance analysis, and correlation analysis were conducted, and a chain mediation effect model was constructed using Mplus 8.3. Results A total of 1 071 elderly people in the community were surveyed, the PR score of the elderly in the community was (48.81±5.66), and the PR of the elderly was positively correlated with physical function, general self-efficacy, and social participation (all P<0.05). After including control variables such as age, sleep duration, and living arrangement, general self-efficacy and social participation played a chain mediating effect between physical function and PR,with a mediating effect value of 0.311, accounting for 55.24% of the total effect. Conclusion Physical function in the elderly can directly affect PR, and can also indirectly affect PR through general self-efficacy and social participation. The PR of older adults can be improved by improving their physical functioning, self-efficacy, and social participation.

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目的 探讨老年人一般自我效能感和社会参与在身体功能和生理复原力(physical resilience, PR)间的中介作用。方法 于2024年3—11月采用整群抽样法,使用简易体能测试量表、生理复原力量表、一般自我效能感量表、社会参与量表对新乡市5个社区的老年人进行调查,对数据进行描述性统计、方差分析及相关分析,采用Mplus 8.3构建链式中介效应模型。结果 实际共调查1 071名社区老年人,社区老年人PR得分为(48.81±5.66)分,老年人PR与身体功能、一般自我效能感、社会参与呈正相关(均P<0.05)。在纳入年龄、睡眠时间、居住方式等控制变量后,一般自我效能感、社会参与在身体功能与PR之间起链式中介效应,中介效应值为0.311,占总效应的55.24%。结论 老年人身体功能可直接影响PR,亦能通过一般自我效能感和社会参与间接影响PR。医务人员可以从提高老年人身体功能、自我效能感和社会参与水平着手,提升老年人PR水平。

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罗艳艳,E-mail:
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王鹤洁(2000—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:心理护理

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王鹤洁(2000—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:心理护理

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王鹤洁(2000—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:心理护理

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Chinese Journal of Population Science, 2024(6): 112-126.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Can social participation improve the elderly health?tests based on the latent class analysis, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1240933512665166771, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240722574611632544, awardId=2024BSH033, language=CN, fundingSource=河南省哲学社会科学规划年度项目(2024BSH033), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1240933512761635766, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240722574611632544, awardId=YJSCX202460Y, language=CN, fundingSource=新乡医学院研究生科研创新支持计划(YJSCX202460Y), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1240933507095130791, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240722574611632544, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240933507099325096, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240722574611632544, companyId=1240933507095130791, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Nursing, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240933507107713706, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240722574611632544, companyId=1240933507095130791, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.新乡医学院护理学院,河南 新乡 453000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1240933507225154226, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240722574611632544, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240933507233542836, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240722574611632544, companyId=1240933507225154226, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.新乡市直机关医院社区卫生服务中心)]), AuthorCompany(id=1240933507334206142, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240722574611632544, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240933507342594749, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240722574611632544, companyId=1240933507334206142, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.新乡市中心医院)]), AuthorCompany(id=1240933507451646660, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240722574611632544, xref=4., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240933507460035268, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240722574611632544, companyId=1240933507451646660, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4.新乡市安宁疗护临床实践技能重点实验室)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1240933511604007819, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240722574611632544, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Chain mediation model path diagram, figureFileSmall=KoZSrWFFF8hy8ZPXCg3ccg==, figureFileBig=6GMWlGyvCeCTn+JplN6X9w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240933511729836942, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240722574611632544, language=CN, label=图1, caption=链式中介模型路径图

注:*P<0.05;**P<0.001。

, figureFileSmall=KoZSrWFFF8hy8ZPXCg3ccg==, figureFileBig=6GMWlGyvCeCTn+JplN6X9w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240933511876637587, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240722574611632544, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Scores of physical function, physical resilience, self-efficacy, and social participation among the elderly in the community[n=1 071,n(%),($\bar{x}±s$)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目例数PR身体功能自我效能社会参与
性别
443(41.36)49.07±5.7311.04±1.4229.31±3.0425.24±2.99
628(58.63)48.62±5.6010.97±1.3828.72±3.2425.57±4.18
t1.2640.8712.99-1.270
P0.2700.0380.0030.204
年龄(岁)
60~69284(26.51)49.23±5.4911.34±1.1329.18±2.9825.64±4.08
70~79664(61.99)48.94±5.8611.30±1.3128.96±3.2725.55±4.15
≥80123(11.48)47.11±4.539.99±1.8928.48±2.9724.33±4.81
F9.42228.1592.0284.85
P<0.001<0.0010.1320.008
受教育程度
不识字47 (4.39)46.94±5.1710.40±1.8027.40±3.5723.45±5.12
小学144(13.45)47.79±4.7110.78±1.4628.15±3.5324.23±4.77
初中284(26.52)48.75±5.4110.95±1.4029.07±3.1825.43±2.93
高中/专科247(23.06)48.65±5.7711.09±1.3328.89±2.9525.33±3.89
大专215(20.07)49.66±6.4911.15±1.3329.26±3.0926.35±3.65
本科及以上134(12.51)49.60±5.3311.08±1.3329.79±2.9626.15±4.12
F2.6643.8406.0136.573
P0.0020.022<0.001<0.001
睡眠时间
足够134(12.51)49.22±5.6311.05±1.3829.22±2.8725.63±4.26
稍微不足295(27.54)48.48±5.3610.96±1.4328.81±3.2425.22±4.10
显著不足96 (8.96)46.93±6.4310.74±1.4627.69±4.3324.73±4.37
严重不足3 (0.28)47.67±0.5811.33±0.5725.33±5.0324.33±5.01
F5.1551.5344.4211.44
P0.0020.2040.0300.290
婚姻状况
已婚931(86.93)48.82±5.7411.02±1.3629.01±3.1525.50±4.21
离异/丧偶140(13.07)48.68±5.1310.81±1.6428.67±3.2924.96±4.32
t0.2891.4911.171.427
P0.7720.1382.2420.154
居住方式
与配偶子女一起281(26.24)48.59±5.7610.82±1.5128.72±3.3724.57±4.48
与配偶一起597(55.74)49.02±5.8711.10±1.2829.17±3.0525.83±4.07
与子女一起113(10.55)48.22±4.3910.90±1.6128.69±2.9024.98±4.56
独居95(8.87)48.73±5.3110.98±1.4728.77±3.5426.09±3.62
其他95(8.87)53.00±8.1911.67±0.5828.00±0.0025.33±1.53
F0.8492.5931.4375.230
P0.5150.0760.219<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1240933512002466712, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240722574611632544, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

社区老年人身体功能、PR、自我效能感、社会参与得分情况[n=1 071,n(%),($\bar{x}±s$)]

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项目例数PR身体功能自我效能社会参与
性别
443(41.36)49.07±5.7311.04±1.4229.31±3.0425.24±2.99
628(58.63)48.62±5.6010.97±1.3828.72±3.2425.57±4.18
t1.2640.8712.99-1.270
P0.2700.0380.0030.204
年龄(岁)
60~69284(26.51)49.23±5.4911.34±1.1329.18±2.9825.64±4.08
70~79664(61.99)48.94±5.8611.30±1.3128.96±3.2725.55±4.15
≥80123(11.48)47.11±4.539.99±1.8928.48±2.9724.33±4.81
F9.42228.1592.0284.85
P<0.001<0.0010.1320.008
受教育程度
不识字47 (4.39)46.94±5.1710.40±1.8027.40±3.5723.45±5.12
小学144(13.45)47.79±4.7110.78±1.4628.15±3.5324.23±4.77
初中284(26.52)48.75±5.4110.95±1.4029.07±3.1825.43±2.93
高中/专科247(23.06)48.65±5.7711.09±1.3328.89±2.9525.33±3.89
大专215(20.07)49.66±6.4911.15±1.3329.26±3.0926.35±3.65
本科及以上134(12.51)49.60±5.3311.08±1.3329.79±2.9626.15±4.12
F2.6643.8406.0136.573
P0.0020.022<0.001<0.001
睡眠时间
足够134(12.51)49.22±5.6311.05±1.3829.22±2.8725.63±4.26
稍微不足295(27.54)48.48±5.3610.96±1.4328.81±3.2425.22±4.10
显著不足96 (8.96)46.93±6.4310.74±1.4627.69±4.3324.73±4.37
严重不足3 (0.28)47.67±0.5811.33±0.5725.33±5.0324.33±5.01
F5.1551.5344.4211.44
P0.0020.2040.0300.290
婚姻状况
已婚931(86.93)48.82±5.7411.02±1.3629.01±3.1525.50±4.21
离异/丧偶140(13.07)48.68±5.1310.81±1.6428.67±3.2924.96±4.32
t0.2891.4911.171.427
P0.7720.1382.2420.154
居住方式
与配偶子女一起281(26.24)48.59±5.7610.82±1.5128.72±3.3724.57±4.48
与配偶一起597(55.74)49.02±5.8711.10±1.2829.17±3.0525.83±4.07
与子女一起113(10.55)48.22±4.3910.90±1.6128.69±2.9024.98±4.56
独居95(8.87)48.73±5.3110.98±1.4728.77±3.5426.09±3.62
其他95(8.87)53.00±8.1911.67±0.5828.00±0.0025.33±1.53
F0.8492.5931.4375.230
P0.5150.0760.219<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1240933512124101533, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240722574611632544, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Scores and correlation analysis results for physical function, self-efficacy, social participation and physical resilience (r)

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项目得分(分,1234567
1.身体功能10.97±1.401
2.PR48.81±5.660.160**1
3.积极思考12.26±1.770.171**0.860**1
4.应对、调整生活方式18.59±2.270.144**0.943**0.726**1
5.信心和充满希望17.95±2.170.127**0.922**0.670**0.822**1
6.社会参与25.43±4.230.228**0.175**0.156**0.142**0.181**1
7.自我效能感28.96±3.170.175**0.362**0.298**0.321**0.366**0.192**1
), ArticleFig(id=1240933512241542049, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240722574611632544, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

身体功能、自我效能感、社会参与、PR得分及相关分析结果(r

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目得分(分,1234567
1.身体功能10.97±1.401
2.PR48.81±5.660.160**1
3.积极思考12.26±1.770.171**0.860**1
4.应对、调整生活方式18.59±2.270.144**0.943**0.726**1
5.信心和充满希望17.95±2.170.127**0.922**0.670**0.822**1
6.社会参与25.43±4.230.228**0.175**0.156**0.142**0.181**1
7.自我效能感28.96±3.170.175**0.362**0.298**0.321**0.366**0.192**1
), ArticleFig(id=1240933512358982569, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240722574611632544, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Chain mediation path analysis

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效应路径效应值(95%CIBoot标准误P效应占比(%)
总效应0.563(0.315~0.810)0.126<0.001100
直接效应0.252(0.013~0492)0.1220.03944.76
总间接效应0.311(0.207~0.413)0.0530.00155.24
路径10.229(0.142~0.316)0.0440.00140.67
路径20.072(0.021~0.123)0.0260.00612.79
路径30.010(0.002~0.018)0.0040.0171.78
), ArticleFig(id=1240933512447062956, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240722574611632544, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

链式中介路径分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
效应路径效应值(95%CIBoot标准误P效应占比(%)
总效应0.563(0.315~0.810)0.126<0.001100
直接效应0.252(0.013~0492)0.1220.03944.76
总间接效应0.311(0.207~0.413)0.0530.00155.24
路径10.229(0.142~0.316)0.0440.00140.67
路径20.072(0.021~0.123)0.0260.00612.79
路径30.010(0.002~0.018)0.0040.0171.78
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自我效能感和社会参与在老年人身体功能与生理复原力间的链式中介效应
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王鹤洁 1 , 姚桂英 1 , 罗艳艳 1 , 孙俊俊 1 , 张会敏 1 , 王华 2 , 郭华 3, 4 , 徐鹏凯 1 , 张雯娟 1
现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2025,52(19): 3484-3489
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现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2025, 52(19): 3484-3489
自我效能感和社会参与在老年人身体功能与生理复原力间的链式中介效应
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王鹤洁1, 姚桂英1, 罗艳艳1 , 孙俊俊1, 张会敏1, 王华2, 郭华3, 4, 徐鹏凯1, 张雯娟1
作者信息
  • 1.新乡医学院护理学院,河南 新乡 453000
  • 2.新乡市直机关医院社区卫生服务中心
  • 3.新乡市中心医院
  • 4.新乡市安宁疗护临床实践技能重点实验室
  • 王鹤洁(2000—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:心理护理

通讯作者:

罗艳艳,E-mail:
The chain mediating effect of self-efficacy and social participation between physical function and physical resilience in older adults
He-jie WANG1, Gui-ying YAO1, Yan-yan LUO1 , Jun-jun SUN1, Hui-min ZHANG1, Hua WANG2, Hua GUO3, 4, Peng-kai XU1, Wen-juan ZHANG1
Affiliations
  • School of Nursing, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453000, China
出版时间: 2025-10-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202503340
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目的 探讨老年人一般自我效能感和社会参与在身体功能和生理复原力(physical resilience, PR)间的中介作用。方法 于2024年3—11月采用整群抽样法,使用简易体能测试量表、生理复原力量表、一般自我效能感量表、社会参与量表对新乡市5个社区的老年人进行调查,对数据进行描述性统计、方差分析及相关分析,采用Mplus 8.3构建链式中介效应模型。结果 实际共调查1 071名社区老年人,社区老年人PR得分为(48.81±5.66)分,老年人PR与身体功能、一般自我效能感、社会参与呈正相关(均P<0.05)。在纳入年龄、睡眠时间、居住方式等控制变量后,一般自我效能感、社会参与在身体功能与PR之间起链式中介效应,中介效应值为0.311,占总效应的55.24%。结论 老年人身体功能可直接影响PR,亦能通过一般自我效能感和社会参与间接影响PR。医务人员可以从提高老年人身体功能、自我效能感和社会参与水平着手,提升老年人PR水平。

身体功能  /  生理复原力  /  链式中介

Objective This study investigates the mediating effects of general self-efficacy and social participation on the relationship between physical function and physical resilience (PR) among older adults. Methods The elderly in five communities selected by cluster sampling in Xinxiang City were surveyed using the Simplified Physical Fitness Test Scale,Physical Resilience Scale, General Self-Efficacy Scale, and the Social Participation Scale from March to November 2024.Descriptive statistics, variance analysis, and correlation analysis were conducted, and a chain mediation effect model was constructed using Mplus 8.3. Results A total of 1 071 elderly people in the community were surveyed, the PR score of the elderly in the community was (48.81±5.66), and the PR of the elderly was positively correlated with physical function, general self-efficacy, and social participation (all P<0.05). After including control variables such as age, sleep duration, and living arrangement, general self-efficacy and social participation played a chain mediating effect between physical function and PR,with a mediating effect value of 0.311, accounting for 55.24% of the total effect. Conclusion Physical function in the elderly can directly affect PR, and can also indirectly affect PR through general self-efficacy and social participation. The PR of older adults can be improved by improving their physical functioning, self-efficacy, and social participation.

Physical function  /  Physical resilience  /  Chain mediation
王鹤洁, 姚桂英, 罗艳艳, 孙俊俊, 张会敏, 王华, 郭华, 徐鹏凯, 张雯娟. 自我效能感和社会参与在老年人身体功能与生理复原力间的链式中介效应. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (19) : 3484 -3489 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202503340
He-jie WANG, Gui-ying YAO, Yan-yan LUO, Jun-jun SUN, Hui-min ZHANG, Hua WANG, Hua GUO, Peng-kai XU, Wen-juan ZHANG. The chain mediating effect of self-efficacy and social participation between physical function and physical resilience in older adults[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (19) : 3484 -3489 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202503340
目前我国已进入老龄化阶段,截至2023年底,65岁及以上人口占比达到15.4%[1]。在此背景下,美国国家老龄化研究所特别阐述了生理复原力(physical resilience, PR)是应对老龄化的方法之一[2],是指在面对与年龄相关的损失和疾病等压力源时恢复或优化功能的能力[3]
既往研究大多集中于心理、家庭复原力的探讨[4],对于PR的研究较少。老年人的PR水平存在很大差异。PR水平高的老年人在面对压力源时更有可能采取积极的应对措施,主观幸福感增强[5],孤独感降低[6]。已有研究表明,PR受到生理储备的限制,其可能与年龄增长导致的机体功能下降有关,活动能力较强的老年人可能具有更高的PR水平[7]。因此,从与年龄相关的身体功能方面探索,识别影响PR的因素及机制至关重要。
除生理压力源之外,社会及心理压力源也有可能成为PR下降的重要因素[8]。鲜少有研究探讨老年人身体功能与PR之间的关系是否受到其他中介因素的影响,如自我效能感、社会参与等。自我效能感指人们对自己实现特定领域行为目标所需能力的信心或信念[9]。有研究指出,自我效能感可能是PR的影响因素[10]。自我效能感与健康状况有关,自我效能感高的老年人对自己的能力充满信心,能够保持适当的生活方式[11],这可能有助于其PR水平的提升。社会参与被定义为参与社会活动和维持社会关系[12]。社会参与作为一个重要因素,在老年人的身体功能和PR中扮演着关键角色。Resnick等[13]的研究结果表明,参与社会活动的老年人更具生理复原力,老年人通过社会参与产生归属感和意义感,利于PR水平提升。研究表明,自我效能感高的老年人行为更积极,社会交往能力及意愿更大,通过社会参与提供情感、信息等的支持,帮助个体应对压力和挑战,更有可能促进生理功能恢复[14]。社会支持有可能通过自我效能感和信心来增强复原力[10]。但尚未有研究探讨社会参与作为社会支持的一种重要形式是否起到同样的中介效应。
基于此,本研究旨在探讨社区老年人身体功能对PR的影响,及一般自我效能感和社会参与在此过程中是否存在链式中介效应,以期为预防老年人PR水平下降,促进老年人健康老龄化提供参考。
采取整群抽样,于2024年3—11月随机选取河南省新乡市5个社区,对社区中所有符合纳入标准的老年人进行调查。纳入标准:(1)年龄≥65岁,具备正常沟通能力;(2)知情同意并自愿参与。排除标准:(1)患危重疾病或体力虚弱无法配合者;(2)伴严重认知障碍、精神障碍者;(3)伴严重视、听力障碍者。本研究已获得新乡医学院伦理审查委员会批准(XYLL-20230293)。
根据样本量计算要求,样本量=维度数×(10~20)×[1+(10%~20%)],本研究中包括9个变量,样本量至少为216例。本研究最终纳入有效问卷1 071例,回收率为89.25%。
(1)一般资料调查表:包括年龄、性别、受教育程度等。
(2)老年人生理复原力量表(physical resilience instrument for older adults, PRIFOR):由Hu等[15]汉化和修订,包括三个维度,采用Likert 5级评分法,共16个条目,总分16~80分,分数越高复原力水平越高。本研究中量表的Cronbach α系数为0.949。
(3)简易体能测试(short physical performance battery, SPPB):由Guralnik等[16]编制,分为3个板块,包括平衡、步态速度和下肢力量,总分为0~12分,得分越低身体活动能力越差,得分≥10分运动功能正常。
(4)一般自我效能感量表(general self-efficacy scale, GSES):由Schwarzer等[17]编制,共包括10个条目,各条目按4级评分法进行评分,总分10~40分,分数越高自我效能感越强。本研究中量表的Cronbach α系数为0.931。
(5)社会参与评:采用位秀平[18]构建的社会参与指标体系,包括文化组织活动和家事个人活动两个因子,文化组织活动五项,家事个人活动三项。按1~5分进行评分,得分越高社会参与程度越高。该量表Cronbach α系数为0.62。
调查前统一培训研究人员。面对面开展调查,现场核查并回收。双人录入数据,并进行一致性校验。
采用SPSS 27.0分析数据,计量资料以()表示,计数资料以频数、构成比(%)表示,共同方法偏差检验采用Harman单因素检验;采用Pearson进行相关性分析。采用Mplus8.3软件构建拟合模型,bootstrap方法重复5 000次进行中介效应检验。检验水准α=0.05。
采用Harman单因素检验对相关变量进行未旋转探索性分析,结果显示有11个因子特征值大于1,第一个因子的解释率为29.90%(<40%临界值)。本研究不存在严重的共同方法偏差。
本研究纳入社区老年人1 071名,平均年龄(72.91±5.02)岁,其中男性443名(41.36%),女性628名(58.63%)。不同性别、年龄、受教育程度老年人身体功能上的得分具有统计学差异;不同年龄、受教育程度、睡眠时间老年人在PR得分上具有统计学差异(均P<0.05)。见表1
社区老年人PR得分为(48.81±5.66)分,身体功能为(10.97±1.40)分,一般自我效能感为(28.96±3.17)分,社会参与为(25.43±4.23)分。身体功能与PR及各维度、社会参与和一般自我效能感均呈正相关(均P<0.01)。见表2
本研究控制年龄、睡眠时间、居住方式,以身体功能为自变量,PR为因变量,一般自我效能感、社会参与为中介变量构建模型。模型拟合较好:卡方自由度比(χ2/v)=4.968<5,相对拟合指数CFI=0.924>0.8、TLI=0.810(越接近1越好),标准化残差均方根SRMR=0.038<0.08,各路径系数均具有统计学意义。结果显示,直接效应值为0.252(0.013~0492),总间接效应值为0.311(0.315~0.810),总效应值为0.563(0.315~0.810),中介效应占总效应的55.24%。见表3图1
本研究探讨了老年人身体功能与PR间的关系,及一般自我效能感和社会参与的链式中介作用。结果显示,在老年人身体功能与PR之间,一般自我效能感和社会参与起到中介作用,间接效应分别占总效应的40.67%、12.79%。
本研究结果显示,老年人身体功能得分为(10.97±1.40)分,略低于马昊哲等[19]的研究结果。这可能与男女占比不同有关。本研究中,女性占比大于男性,男性身体功能得分高于女性,与其他研究结果一致[20]。这可能与两性之间身体成分差异有关,老年人新陈代谢和能量消耗下降,且绝经后,激素水平改变,女性脂肪量更多,肌力下降[21]。本研究中,PR得分为(48.81±5.66)分,处于中等偏高水平。与其他维度相比,应对调整生活方式维度得分最高,可能与老年人生活阅历增多,应对生活中的变化和挑战的能力增强。不同年龄段及教育程度的老年人PR存在显著差异。随着年龄的增长,老年人的PR呈下降趋势,这与Laskow等[22]研究结果一致。而更高教育水平的人具有更充足的认知储备,能更好地理解健康信息,应对各种生理挑战的能力更强[23]
本研究中,老年人的身体功能与PR之间存在正相关关系,即身体功能越差的老年人PR水平越低,与赵琪等[24]的研究结果一致。分析原因可能为,PR与其个体整体活动能力有关。随着老年人年龄的增长,身体功能下降,生理储备即细胞、组织或器官系统在响应生理需求变化时超出其基础水平发挥功能的潜在能力减少,调节和恢复能力减弱,表现为PR下降[2,24]。提示应注重老年人身体功能评估并及时实施干预,预防社区老年人PR水平下降。
研究结果显示,社区老年人一般自我效能感在身体功能与PR间起中介效应,效应量为0.229,中介效应占总效应的40.67%,说明身体功能越好,自我效能感越强,PR水平越高。身体状况是影响老年人自我效能感的主要因素,身体功能良好的老年人生活自理能力更强,能够更自信地应对日常生活中的挑战,往往具有更高的自我效能感[25]。高自我效能感的个体PR水平更高[26],自我效能感可能作为中介因素影响以功能恢复为目的的临床干预结果,从而提高身体复原力水平[27]。因此,应最大限度的提升老年人自我效能感以防止PR水平下降。
本研究发现,社会参与在老年人身体功能和PR间起中介作用,效应量为0.072,效应占比12.79%,表明身体功能越好的老年人社会参与越强,PR水平越高。生理健康是社会参与的基础,身体功能障碍的老年人,社会参与受限、积极参与社会的愿望下降[28],老年人从社会交往中获得信心的可能性下降[29],抵抗年龄导致的免疫功能指标及生理稳态下降的能力降低[30],可能表现为PR水平下降。因此,更好地了解老年人社会人际关系因素,有助于识别PR下降的个体,促进PR水平提升。
本研究发现,社区老年人一般自我效能感和社会参与在身体功能和PR之间起链式中介作用,效应量0.01,效应占比1.78%,说明良好的身体功能促进自我效能感的增强,进而影响积极的社会参与,最终可以促进老年人PR的提升。身体功能障碍的老年人,身体活动、自理能力受限,出现焦虑等负性情绪的可能性增大,自我效能感下降[31]。而具有较强自我效能感的老年人更愿意通过社会参与得到社会的认可,往往能更好地融入社区生活,从中获得满足感[32]。参与活动的数量增加,老年人从压力源中恢复的信心增强[33],血清CRP和IL-6水平显著降低,从疾病中恢复的免疫功能更强[30],可能表现为PR水平更高。
综上,本研究发现,社区老年人一般自我效能感和社会参与在身体功能和PR之间起中介作用。在老年人中,自我效能感与生活自理能力、社交能力以及应对生活挑战的能力高度相关。提示社区医护人员应关注老年人身体功能,促进积极地自我认知,增强参与社会活动的信心,提高压力源的应对能力。
本研究尚存在以下不足:横断面研究可能忽略变量间的反向因果关系。且未表明纵向变化路径,未来可整合多时间点数据进一步纵向追踪;受数据限制可能无法完全控制混杂变量,后续可进行进一步探究。
  • 河南省哲学社会科学规划年度项目(2024BSH033)
  • 新乡医学院研究生科研创新支持计划(YJSCX202460Y)
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2025年第52卷第19期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202503340
  • 接收时间:2025-05-23
  • 首发时间:2026-03-17
  • 出版时间:2025-10-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-05-23
基金
河南省哲学社会科学规划年度项目(2024BSH033)
新乡医学院研究生科研创新支持计划(YJSCX202460Y)
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    1.新乡医学院护理学院,河南 新乡 453000
    2.新乡市直机关医院社区卫生服务中心
    3.新乡市中心医院
    4.新乡市安宁疗护临床实践技能重点实验室

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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