Article(id=1240722573722448237, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240722566957027366, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202504334, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1744905600000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-18, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773740913085, onlineDateStr=2026-03-17, pubDate=1760025600000, pubDateStr=2025-10-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773740913085, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773740913085, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773740913085, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240722566957027366, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='19', pageStart='3457', pageEnd='3648', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1773740911472, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773740981732, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1240722861736906836, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240722566957027366, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1240722861736906837, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240722566957027366, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3596, endPage=3603, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240722574062186879, articleId=1240722573722448237, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Meta-analysis of the effects of aerobic exercise on blood pressure in patients with resistant hypertension, columnId=1228016572451718132, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Health and Social Behavior, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To investigate the effect of aerobic exercise on blood pressure in patients with resistant hypertension through meta-analysis, aiming to identify more effective intervention strategies and provide reference for the control and treatment of resistant hypertension. Methods A systematic search was performed in CBM, CNKI, WANFANG, VIP, PubMed, OVID,Embase, and Web of Science for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in Chinese or English from inception to March 25, 2025. Two researchers independently conducted study selection and data extraction. Risk of bias was assessed using RoB 2,and statistical analyses were performed with RevMan 5.4. Results A total of 10 studies were included, comprising 532 cases.Meta-analysis showed that aerobic exercise significantly reduced systolic blood pressure (SBP) (SMD=0.77, 95% CI: 0.57-0.96, P<0.000 01), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (SMD=0.83, 95% CI: 0.63-1.02, P<0.000 01), 24-hour SBP (SMD=0.48,95% CI: 0.23-0.73, P=0.000 2), and 24-hour DBP (SMD=0.43, 95% CI: 0.17-0.68, P=0.000 9). Subgroup analyses indicated greater SBP reductions among participants aged≤60 years, with BMI≤28 kg/m2, exercise intensity >60% VO2max, and intervention>12 weeks. DBP improvements were more evident in subgroups with age≤60 years, BMI≤28 kg/m2, intensity ≤60% VO2max, and duration >12 weeks. For 24-hour SBP, larger effects were found in subgroups with age>60 years, BMI≤28 kg/m2, intensity≤60%VO2max, and duration >12 weeks. In contrast, greater 24-hour DBP reductions occurred in participants aged≤60 years, with BMI≤28 kg/m2, intensity >60% VO2max, and duration≤12 weeks. Conclusion Aerobic exercise has a positive effect on reducing blood pressure in patients with resistant hypertension. Differences in participant characteristics and intervention protocols may affect the extent of this effect. The current relevant studies are limited in number and most have some risk of bias. However, the limited quantity and quality of existing studies highlight the need for further high-quality research to confirm and extend these findings.

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目的 通过meta分析探究有氧运动干预与难治性高血压患者血压水平间的关系,进而探寻较优降血压干预方案,为难治性高血压的控制与治疗提供参考。方法 在CBM、CNKI、WANFANG、VIP、Pubmed、OVID、Emabase、Web of Science等数据库中检索中、英文发表的有氧运动干预与难治性高血压患者的随机对照试验,检索时间为建库至2025年3月25日。文献筛选与资料提取由两名研究者独立进行。采用RoB 2进行风险偏倚评价,采用RevMan 5.4软件进行统计学分析。结果 最终纳入10篇文献,病例532名。Meta分析结果显示,与干预前相比,患者干预后收缩压(SMD=0.77,95%CI:0.57~0.96,P<0.000 01)、舒张压(SMD=0.83,95%CI:0.63~1.02,P<0.000 01)、24h收缩压(SMD= 0.48,95%CI:0.23~0.73,P=0.000 2)、24h舒张压(SMD=0.43,95%CI:0.17~0.68,P=0.000 9)均明显降低(P<0.05)。亚组分析显示,年龄≤60岁、BMI≤28 kg/m2、运动强度>60VO2max、运动周期>12周的亚组收缩压降低更明显;年龄≤60岁、BMI≤28 kg/m2、运动强度≤60VO2max、运动周期>12周的亚组舒张压降低更明显;年龄>60岁、BMI≤28kg/m2、运动强度≤60VO2max、运动周期>12周的亚组24h收缩压降低更明显;年龄≤60岁、BMI≤28kg/m2、运动强度>60VO2max、运动周期≤12周的亚组24h舒张压降低更明显。结论 有氧运动能有效降低难治性高血压患者血压水平,人群条件和干预条件差异,可能导致干预效果差异;当下相关文献数量较少,且大部分存在一定偏倚风险。受研究数量和质量的限制,未来需要更多高质量研究对该结论进行印证与探索。

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崔运坤,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=HxqIa6fbKIBko3KhtZr9iA==, magXml=R9Xjh5H6y4LvH3dT1G+PVQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=NgY35OoiBTDFcWMyyelJRA==, pdfFileSize=1194729, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=qLSyLBnWIDcYALrE2W9ibQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=qaF7nPrY0w1IhuRPA7pwiw==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

王福粮(1996—),男,博士在读,研究方向:运动与疾病防控

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王福粮(1996—),男,博士在读,研究方向:运动与疾病防控

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American college of sports medicine position stand. exercise and hypertension[J].Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 2004, 36(3): 533-553., articleTitle=American college of sports medicine position stand. exercise and hypertension, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240933513923449247, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240722573722448237, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=31, issue=3, pageStart=157, pageEnd=164, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[34], rfOrder=39, authorNames=Boutcher YN, Boutcher SH, journalName=Journal of Human Hypertension, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Boutcher YN, Boutcher SH. Exercise intensity and hypertension: what's new?[J]. 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tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240722573722448237, language=EN, label=Figure 8, caption=Forest plot of the effect of aerobic exercise on 24-hour DBP in patients with resistant hypertension., figureFileSmall=rh0uRmjwNoosSlfbHWvRxA==, figureFileBig=4z6pvRJQlB1uqxduKioYAg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240933509062250652, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240722573722448237, language=CN, label=图8, caption=有氧运动对RH患者24h舒张压干预效果的森林图, figureFileSmall=rh0uRmjwNoosSlfbHWvRxA==, figureFileBig=4z6pvRJQlB1uqxduKioYAg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240933509196468393, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240722573722448237, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Basic information of included studies($\bar{x}±s$)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
第一作者及年份样本量(干预组/
对照组)
研究对象(对照组结局指标
年龄(岁)BMI(kg/m2
干预组对照组干预组对照组
王鹏2013[16]43(23/20)65.4±5.762.8±4.925.6±2.824.3±3.2保持生活习惯①②③
黄伟2014[17]22(12/10)51.5±7.154.4±8.426.9±4.828.7±3.8保持生活习惯①②
孙漾丽2015[18]78(39/39)69.49±8.3669.78±8.4326.88±4.6527.35±4.76保持安静状态①②
李轶2016[19]84(42/42)70.1±2.270±2.0常规治疗①②
周一前2019[20]110(55/55)59.45±5.2169.45±4.21常规治疗①②
Fernando Dimeo2012[21]50(24/26)62.8±8.167.9±6.229.9±4.728.9±4.4无干预组运动①②③
Alberto J Alves2018[22]19(12/7)59.4±7.9a30.4±4.2a常规治疗
A.J.A. Alves2019[23]25(16/9)59.4±7.4a29.4±4.1a无干预组运动
Susana Lopes2021[24]48(26/22)59.3±8.359.6±9.030.1±4.930.0±4.9无干预组运动
Susana Lopes2021(2)[25]53(26/27)59.3±8.260.8±9.229.8±4.930.4±5.0常规护理①②③
第一作者及年份干预方案
手段周期时间频率强度
王鹏2013[16]跑步16周AE30~45min,热身及整理10~20min每周3次1~4周50%VO2max
5~16周60%VO
黄伟2014[17]有氧跑12周AE40min,热身及整理10~20min每周3次2max
1~6周60%VO2max
7~12周70%VO
孙漾丽2015[18]有氧跑3个月根据心率调控每周3次2max
首周30%VO2max逐周递增10%VO2max,至60%VO2max
时维持
李轶2016[19]有氧跑3个月根据心率调控每周3次首周30%VO2max逐周递增10%VO2max,至60%VO2max时维持
周一前2019[20]有氧跑根据训练情况控制据训练情况控制训练强度
Dimeo F2012[21]跑步机行走8~12周根据乳酸浓度调整每周3次据乳酸曲线、Borg量表得分调整
Alves AJ2018[22]3个月40min每周3次50~70%VO2max
Alves AJA2019[23]跑步或骑车3个月40min每周3次50~70%VO2max
Lopes S2021[24]12周AE40~50min每周3次50~70%VO2max
Lopes S2021(2)[25]步行和/或骑车12周AE40min,热身及整理20min每周3次50~70%VO2max
), ArticleFig(id=1240933509339074734, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240722573722448237, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

纳入文献基本信息($\bar{x}±s$)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
第一作者及年份样本量(干预组/
对照组)
研究对象(对照组结局指标
年龄(岁)BMI(kg/m2
干预组对照组干预组对照组
王鹏2013[16]43(23/20)65.4±5.762.8±4.925.6±2.824.3±3.2保持生活习惯①②③
黄伟2014[17]22(12/10)51.5±7.154.4±8.426.9±4.828.7±3.8保持生活习惯①②
孙漾丽2015[18]78(39/39)69.49±8.3669.78±8.4326.88±4.6527.35±4.76保持安静状态①②
李轶2016[19]84(42/42)70.1±2.270±2.0常规治疗①②
周一前2019[20]110(55/55)59.45±5.2169.45±4.21常规治疗①②
Fernando Dimeo2012[21]50(24/26)62.8±8.167.9±6.229.9±4.728.9±4.4无干预组运动①②③
Alberto J Alves2018[22]19(12/7)59.4±7.9a30.4±4.2a常规治疗
A.J.A. Alves2019[23]25(16/9)59.4±7.4a29.4±4.1a无干预组运动
Susana Lopes2021[24]48(26/22)59.3±8.359.6±9.030.1±4.930.0±4.9无干预组运动
Susana Lopes2021(2)[25]53(26/27)59.3±8.260.8±9.229.8±4.930.4±5.0常规护理①②③
第一作者及年份干预方案
手段周期时间频率强度
王鹏2013[16]跑步16周AE30~45min,热身及整理10~20min每周3次1~4周50%VO2max
5~16周60%VO
黄伟2014[17]有氧跑12周AE40min,热身及整理10~20min每周3次2max
1~6周60%VO2max
7~12周70%VO
孙漾丽2015[18]有氧跑3个月根据心率调控每周3次2max
首周30%VO2max逐周递增10%VO2max,至60%VO2max
时维持
李轶2016[19]有氧跑3个月根据心率调控每周3次首周30%VO2max逐周递增10%VO2max,至60%VO2max时维持
周一前2019[20]有氧跑根据训练情况控制据训练情况控制训练强度
Dimeo F2012[21]跑步机行走8~12周根据乳酸浓度调整每周3次据乳酸曲线、Borg量表得分调整
Alves AJ2018[22]3个月40min每周3次50~70%VO2max
Alves AJA2019[23]跑步或骑车3个月40min每周3次50~70%VO2max
Lopes S2021[24]12周AE40~50min每周3次50~70%VO2max
Lopes S2021(2)[25]步行和/或骑车12周AE40min,热身及整理20min每周3次50~70%VO2max
), ArticleFig(id=1240933509431349430, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240722573722448237, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Subgroup analysis of the effects of aerobic exercise on blood pressure in patients with resistant hypertension

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
亚组分类血压指标文献数量I2(%)PSMD(95%CIP
年龄(岁)≤60收缩压3[17,20,25]00.470.85(0.55~1.15)<0.000 01
舒张压3[17,20,25]00.490.88(0.57~1.18)<0.000 01
24h收缩压4[23-26]00.920.47(0.16~0.79)0.003
24h舒张压4[23-26]00.880.47(0.15~0.79)0.004
>60收缩压4[16,18-19,21]3
3
0.210.71(0.45~0.96)<0.000 01
舒张压4[16,18-19,21]590.060.75(0.34~1.16)0.000 3
24h收缩压2[16,21]00.700.49(0.08~0.90)0.02
24h舒张压2[16,21]00.720.36(-0.05~0.77)0.09
BMI(kg/m2)≤28收缩压3[16-18]4
4
0.170.77(0.48~1.05)<0.000 01
舒张压3[16-18]510.130.85(0.35~1.35)0.000 9
24h收缩压1[16]0.58(-0.01~1.17)0.06
24h舒张压1[16]0.43(-0.15~1.02)0.15
>28收缩压2[21,25]00.590.56(0.16~0.97)0.006
舒张压2[21,25]00.480.47(0.07~0.87)0.02
24h收缩压5[21,23-26]00.970.46(0.18~0.73)0.001
24h舒张压5[21,23-26]00.920.42(0.15~0.70)0.003
干预强度(VO2max≤60收缩压3[16,18-19]4
4
0.170.77(0.48~1.05)<0.000 01
舒张压3[16,18-19]510.130.89(0.47~1.30)<0.000 1
24h收缩压1[16]0.58(-0.01~1.17)0.06
24h舒张压1[16]0.43(-0.15~1.02)0.15
>60收缩压2[17,25]3
3
0.220.86(0.38~1.33)0.000 4
舒张压2[17,25]00.630.68(0.22~1.15)0.004
24h收缩压4[23-26]00.920.47(0.16~0.79)0.003
24h舒张压4[23-26]00.880.47(0.15~0.79)0.004
干预周期(周)≤12收缩压3[17,21,25]2
4
0.270.69(0.33~1.06)0.0002
舒张压3[17,21,25]00.560.54(0.18~0.90)0.003
24h收缩压3[21,25-26]00.970.47(0.15~0.80)0.004
24h舒张压3[21,25-26]00.740.47(0.14~0.80)0.005
>12收缩压3[16,18-19]4
4
0.170.77(0.48~1.05)<0.000 01
舒张压3[16,18-19]510.130.89(0.47~1.30)<0.000 1
24h收缩压3[16,23-24]00.750.49(0.10~0.89)0.01
24h舒张压3[16,23-24]00.900.37(-0.03~0.76)0.07
), ArticleFig(id=1240933509548789951, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240722573722448237, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

有氧运动对RH患者血压水平影响的亚组分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
亚组分类血压指标文献数量I2(%)PSMD(95%CIP
年龄(岁)≤60收缩压3[17,20,25]00.470.85(0.55~1.15)<0.000 01
舒张压3[17,20,25]00.490.88(0.57~1.18)<0.000 01
24h收缩压4[23-26]00.920.47(0.16~0.79)0.003
24h舒张压4[23-26]00.880.47(0.15~0.79)0.004
>60收缩压4[16,18-19,21]3
3
0.210.71(0.45~0.96)<0.000 01
舒张压4[16,18-19,21]590.060.75(0.34~1.16)0.000 3
24h收缩压2[16,21]00.700.49(0.08~0.90)0.02
24h舒张压2[16,21]00.720.36(-0.05~0.77)0.09
BMI(kg/m2)≤28收缩压3[16-18]4
4
0.170.77(0.48~1.05)<0.000 01
舒张压3[16-18]510.130.85(0.35~1.35)0.000 9
24h收缩压1[16]0.58(-0.01~1.17)0.06
24h舒张压1[16]0.43(-0.15~1.02)0.15
>28收缩压2[21,25]00.590.56(0.16~0.97)0.006
舒张压2[21,25]00.480.47(0.07~0.87)0.02
24h收缩压5[21,23-26]00.970.46(0.18~0.73)0.001
24h舒张压5[21,23-26]00.920.42(0.15~0.70)0.003
干预强度(VO2max≤60收缩压3[16,18-19]4
4
0.170.77(0.48~1.05)<0.000 01
舒张压3[16,18-19]510.130.89(0.47~1.30)<0.000 1
24h收缩压1[16]0.58(-0.01~1.17)0.06
24h舒张压1[16]0.43(-0.15~1.02)0.15
>60收缩压2[17,25]3
3
0.220.86(0.38~1.33)0.000 4
舒张压2[17,25]00.630.68(0.22~1.15)0.004
24h收缩压4[23-26]00.920.47(0.16~0.79)0.003
24h舒张压4[23-26]00.880.47(0.15~0.79)0.004
干预周期(周)≤12收缩压3[17,21,25]2
4
0.270.69(0.33~1.06)0.0002
舒张压3[17,21,25]00.560.54(0.18~0.90)0.003
24h收缩压3[21,25-26]00.970.47(0.15~0.80)0.004
24h舒张压3[21,25-26]00.740.47(0.14~0.80)0.005
>12收缩压3[16,18-19]4
4
0.170.77(0.48~1.05)<0.000 01
舒张压3[16,18-19]510.130.89(0.47~1.30)<0.000 1
24h收缩压3[16,23-24]00.750.49(0.10~0.89)0.01
24h舒张压3[16,23-24]00.900.37(-0.03~0.76)0.07
), ArticleFig(id=1240933509632676034, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240722573722448237, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Summary of overall quality of evidence

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
结局指标研究设计偏倚风险异质性间接性精确度发表偏移病例数SMD(95%CI证据质量
收缩压RCT降一级不降级不降级不降级2210.77 (0.57~0.96)中级
舒张压降一级不降级不降级不降级2210.83 (0.63~1.02)中级
24h收缩压降一级不降级不降级不降级1270.48 (0.23~0.73)中级
24h舒张压降一级不降级不降级不降级1270.43(0.17~0.68)中级
), ArticleFig(id=1240933509750116556, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240722573722448237, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

证据总体评价情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
结局指标研究设计偏倚风险异质性间接性精确度发表偏移病例数SMD(95%CI证据质量
收缩压RCT降一级不降级不降级不降级2210.77 (0.57~0.96)中级
舒张压降一级不降级不降级不降级2210.83 (0.63~1.02)中级
24h收缩压降一级不降级不降级不降级1270.48 (0.23~0.73)中级
24h舒张压降一级不降级不降级不降级1270.43(0.17~0.68)中级
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有氧运动对难治性高血压患者血压水平影响效果的Meta分析
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王福粮 1 , 崔运坤 2 , 吴玥 1
现代预防医学 | 健康与社会行为 2025,52(19): 3596-3603
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现代预防医学 | 健康与社会行为 2025, 52(19): 3596-3603
有氧运动对难治性高血压患者血压水平影响效果的Meta分析
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王福粮1, 崔运坤2 , 吴玥1
作者信息
  • 1.信韩大学研究生院,韩国 京畿道 11644
  • 2.泰山学院体育学院,山东 泰安 271000
  • 王福粮(1996—),男,博士在读,研究方向:运动与疾病防控

通讯作者:

崔运坤,E-mail:
Meta-analysis of the effects of aerobic exercise on blood pressure in patients with resistant hypertension
Fu-liang WANG1, Yun-kun CUI2 , Yu e WU1
Affiliations
  • Graduate Schools, Shinhan University, Gyeonggi-do 11644, Republic of Korea
出版时间: 2025-10-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202504334
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目的 通过meta分析探究有氧运动干预与难治性高血压患者血压水平间的关系,进而探寻较优降血压干预方案,为难治性高血压的控制与治疗提供参考。方法 在CBM、CNKI、WANFANG、VIP、Pubmed、OVID、Emabase、Web of Science等数据库中检索中、英文发表的有氧运动干预与难治性高血压患者的随机对照试验,检索时间为建库至2025年3月25日。文献筛选与资料提取由两名研究者独立进行。采用RoB 2进行风险偏倚评价,采用RevMan 5.4软件进行统计学分析。结果 最终纳入10篇文献,病例532名。Meta分析结果显示,与干预前相比,患者干预后收缩压(SMD=0.77,95%CI:0.57~0.96,P<0.000 01)、舒张压(SMD=0.83,95%CI:0.63~1.02,P<0.000 01)、24h收缩压(SMD= 0.48,95%CI:0.23~0.73,P=0.000 2)、24h舒张压(SMD=0.43,95%CI:0.17~0.68,P=0.000 9)均明显降低(P<0.05)。亚组分析显示,年龄≤60岁、BMI≤28 kg/m2、运动强度>60VO2max、运动周期>12周的亚组收缩压降低更明显;年龄≤60岁、BMI≤28 kg/m2、运动强度≤60VO2max、运动周期>12周的亚组舒张压降低更明显;年龄>60岁、BMI≤28kg/m2、运动强度≤60VO2max、运动周期>12周的亚组24h收缩压降低更明显;年龄≤60岁、BMI≤28kg/m2、运动强度>60VO2max、运动周期≤12周的亚组24h舒张压降低更明显。结论 有氧运动能有效降低难治性高血压患者血压水平,人群条件和干预条件差异,可能导致干预效果差异;当下相关文献数量较少,且大部分存在一定偏倚风险。受研究数量和质量的限制,未来需要更多高质量研究对该结论进行印证与探索。

高血压  /  难治性高血压  /  顽固性高血压  /  有氧运动  /  meta分析

Objective To investigate the effect of aerobic exercise on blood pressure in patients with resistant hypertension through meta-analysis, aiming to identify more effective intervention strategies and provide reference for the control and treatment of resistant hypertension. Methods A systematic search was performed in CBM, CNKI, WANFANG, VIP, PubMed, OVID,Embase, and Web of Science for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in Chinese or English from inception to March 25, 2025. Two researchers independently conducted study selection and data extraction. Risk of bias was assessed using RoB 2,and statistical analyses were performed with RevMan 5.4. Results A total of 10 studies were included, comprising 532 cases.Meta-analysis showed that aerobic exercise significantly reduced systolic blood pressure (SBP) (SMD=0.77, 95% CI: 0.57-0.96, P<0.000 01), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (SMD=0.83, 95% CI: 0.63-1.02, P<0.000 01), 24-hour SBP (SMD=0.48,95% CI: 0.23-0.73, P=0.000 2), and 24-hour DBP (SMD=0.43, 95% CI: 0.17-0.68, P=0.000 9). Subgroup analyses indicated greater SBP reductions among participants aged≤60 years, with BMI≤28 kg/m2, exercise intensity >60% VO2max, and intervention>12 weeks. DBP improvements were more evident in subgroups with age≤60 years, BMI≤28 kg/m2, intensity ≤60% VO2max, and duration >12 weeks. For 24-hour SBP, larger effects were found in subgroups with age>60 years, BMI≤28 kg/m2, intensity≤60%VO2max, and duration >12 weeks. In contrast, greater 24-hour DBP reductions occurred in participants aged≤60 years, with BMI≤28 kg/m2, intensity >60% VO2max, and duration≤12 weeks. Conclusion Aerobic exercise has a positive effect on reducing blood pressure in patients with resistant hypertension. Differences in participant characteristics and intervention protocols may affect the extent of this effect. The current relevant studies are limited in number and most have some risk of bias. However, the limited quantity and quality of existing studies highlight the need for further high-quality research to confirm and extend these findings.

Hypertension  /  Resistant hypertension  /  Refractory hypertension  /  Aerobic exercise  /  Meta-analysis
王福粮, 崔运坤, 吴玥. 有氧运动对难治性高血压患者血压水平影响效果的Meta分析. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (19) : 3596 -3603 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202504334
Fu-liang WANG, Yun-kun CUI, Yu e WU. Meta-analysis of the effects of aerobic exercise on blood pressure in patients with resistant hypertension[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (19) : 3596 -3603 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202504334
心血管疾病(cardiovascular disease,CVD)是全球第一大死亡原因[1],高血压则是CVD的主要危险因素,是人类生命安全的头号杀手[2]。据世界卫生组织(WHO)披露,至2019年,全球12.8亿30~79岁成年人患高血压,约有45%的高血压患者不知晓病情[3]。在我国,高血压总体患病率达27%,导致的死亡已超过CVD总体死亡人数的一半[4]。难治性高血压(resistant hypertension,RH)也称顽固性高血压,是高血压治疗领域中的一大难题,高血压患者服用3种具有互补作用机制的抗高血压药物但血压水平未达到控制,或当血压得到控制但需要服用≥4种药物时,可诊断为RH[5],有研究表明,RH的患病率约为14%[6],并且RH患者发生心肌梗死、卒中和死亡等的风险可能比非RH患者高出几倍[7-8],对人类生命安全带来巨大危害。
缺乏运动或身体活动是多国高血压发病的主要原因[9-10],有氧运动(aerobic exercise)控制RH的有效性得到一定验证[11],我国专家亦推荐将有氧运动作为治疗性生活干预措施纳入RH患者的血压管理方案[12]。然而,目前国内外针对有氧运动管理RH的研究结论尚不一致,本研究采用meta分析的方法,探究有氧运动干预对RH的降压效果,以期发掘较优有氧运动方案,为RH的有效控制和治疗提供证据与参考。
通过主题词与自由词结合,在CBM、CNKI、WANFANG、VIP获取中文文献,在Pubmed、OVID、Embase、Web of Science获取英文文献;各数据库检索截止时间为2025年3月24—25日。中文检索词为难治性高血压、运动、有氧运动、需氧运动、耐力运动、血压等;英文检索词为intractable hypertension,recalcitrant hypertension,acute exercise*,aerobic exercis*,blood pressure*,blood tension等。以OVID为例,检索策略见图1
依据Cochrane系统评价工作手册[13],制定纳入和排除标准。
(1)研究类型:随机对照试验(RCT)。(2)试验对象:无其他引起血压水平变化疾病的RH患者。(3)干预措施:试验组进行AE干预,对照组无AE干预。(4)结局指标:人体血压水平的主要指标,包括收缩压(systolic blood pressure)、舒张压(diastolic blood pressure)、24小时收缩压、24小时舒张压。
(1)综述等非随机对照试验。(2)PICO信息不完整。(3)原始发表文献外的重复发表。(4)研究对象患精神疾病。(5)研究设计不合理。
两名研究者独立进行,分歧时商讨解决或交由第三方定夺。文献筛选时,先剔除重复文献,后依次阅读题目、摘要、全文,最终确定是否纳入。数据提取内容有年份、第一作者、样本及干预信息、结局指标等。
两名研究者独立进行并交叉核对。应用RoB 2进行偏倚风险评价[14-15],风险来源包括随机化过程、干预偏离、结局缺失、结局测量、选择性报告;对不同风险领域进行相应判定,最终做出高偏倚风险(high)、有一定风险(some concerns)、低偏倚风险(low)的判定。
采用RevMan5.4完成异质性检验、数据合并、森林图绘制、亚组分析。根据结局指标性质,以标准化均值差(standardized mean differece,SMD)为效应量,并以95%置信区间(CI)计算。异质性检验中,I2>50%,采用随机效应模型;I2≤50%,采用固定效应模型。采用逐个剔除法进行敏感性分析。依据人群因素及干预因素进行亚组分析。文献数量达10篇时,采用漏斗图进行发表偏倚检验。
采用GRADE工具进行纳入文献总体质量分级,根据偏倚风险、异质性、间接性、精确度、发表偏移等方面进行证据的降级,将证据质量划分为高、中、低、极低,依次反映对效应估计值信心的强弱程度。
初步检索共获取文献1 262篇,经逐层筛选后,最终纳入文献10篇。文献检筛步骤及结果见图2
共纳入10篇文献,包含受试者532名,文献基本特征见表1
根据ROB2进行偏倚风险评价,绘制偏移风险百分比图,风险百分比图见图3,偏倚风险总结图见图4。可见纳入研究中多数未表现出高偏倚风险,说明整体方法学质量可以接受,其中结局缺失(D3)均为低风险,而随机化过程(D1)基本存在不确定风险。三项高偏倚风险均来源于干预偏离(D2),由盲法实施不佳导致,需在解释干预结果时加以注意。
本研究中SMD为干预前后的血压均值差值,即SMD>0表示有氧运动具有积极干预效果。
纳入7篇文献[16-21,25],干预前后收缩压差异有统计学意义(SMD=0.77,95%CI:0.57~0.96,P<0.000 01),说明有氧运动干预显著降低了RH患者的收缩压。见图5
纳入7篇文献[16-21,25],干预前后舒张压差异有统计学意义(SMD=0.83,95%CI:0.63~1.02,P<0.000 01),说明有氧运动干预显著降低了RH患者的舒张压。见图6
纳入6篇文献[16,21-25],干预前后24 h收缩压差异有统计学意义(SMD=0.48,95%CI:0.23~0.73,P=0.000 2),说明有氧运动干预显著降低了RH患者的24h收缩压。见图7
纳入6篇文献[16,21-25],干预前后24h舒张压差异有统计学意义(SMD=0.43,95%CI:0.17~0.68,P=0.000 9),说明有氧运动干预显著降低了RH患者的24h舒张压。见图8
为进一步探究潜在影响因素,对受试者年龄、BMI,以及有氧运动的干预强度、周期进行亚组分析,根据亚组内异质性选择效应模型,I2>50%采用随机效应模型,I2≤50%采用固定效应模型,结果汇总见表2
除年龄>60岁人群的24 h舒张压(P=0.09)降低不显著外,均产生显著降低。降低收缩压(SMD=0.85>0.71)、舒张压(SMD=0.88>0.75)、24 h舒张压(SMD=0.47>0.36)的效果在年龄≤60岁的人群中更好;降低24h收缩压(SMD=0.49>0.47)的效果在年龄>60岁的人群中更好。
除BMI≤28 kg/m2人群的24 h收缩压(P= 0.06)、24 h舒张压(P=0.15)降低不显著外,均产生显著降低。降低收缩压(SMD=0.77>0.56)、舒张压(SMD=0.85>0.47)、24 h收缩压(SMD=0.58>0.46)、24h舒张压(SMD= 0.43 >0.42)的效果均在BMI≤28kg/m2的人群中更好。
除强度≤60VO2max时对24 h收缩压(P=0.06)、24 h舒张压(P=0.15)降低不显著外,均产生显著降低。降低舒张压(SMD=0.89>0.68)、24 h收缩压(SMD= 0.58>0.47)的效果在强度≤60VO2max时更好;降低收缩压(SMD=0.86>0.77)、24 h舒张压(SMD=0.47>0.43)的效果在强度>60VO2max时更好。
除周期>12周时对24 h舒张压(P= 0.07)降低不显著外,均产生显著降低。降低24 h舒张压(SMD=0.47>0.37)的效果在≤12周时效果更好;降低收缩压(SMD=0.77>0.69)、舒张压(SMD= 0.89>0.54)、24 h收缩压(SMD=0.49>0.47)的效果在周期>12周时更好。
采用逐一剔除法进行敏感性分析,剔除研究后未出现结果的变化,表明研究结果比较稳定。各结局指标纳入研究数量均少于10篇,根据Cochrane系统评价手册建议,未进行发表偏移检验。
对纳入的各项结局指标进行GRADE证据质量评价,其中收缩压、舒张压、24 h收缩压、24 h舒张压均为中级质量证据,证据降级的来源为偏倚风险,主要由于部分纳入文献对于试验是否随机化分配以及对受试者是否在分配到干预措施前施盲交代不明确。见表3
Meta分析结果显示,有氧运动干预有效降低了RH患者的各项血压指标,这与近年二项相近meta分析结论相符[26-27]。有氧运动降压的原理有多种可能:一方面,血管内皮功能与人体血压水平息息相关,有氧运动可通过增加一氧化氮释放和减少氧化应激来增强内皮依赖性血管松弛,改善内皮功能[28]。此外,血压降低可能源自人体微血管重塑消退或增加促血管生成刺激导致毛细血管生长,以及运动诱导血管树结构重塑、骨骼肌纤维类型和血管平滑肌细胞表型转换等[29];另一方面,还可能源自抵消抗血管生成状态、诱导骨骼肌中的血管生成[30],这无疑是利于人体血液循环的。
年龄方面,无论年龄是否超过60岁,RH患者均能从有氧运动中明显获益。BMI方面,BMI>28kg/m2患者的各项血压指标均显著下降,这可能因为减肥本身就是治疗RH的非药物治疗手段[31],而参与有氧运动则使人体消耗了更多热量。干预强度方面,当强度≤60VO2max时,24小时动态血压降低的稳健性和临床意义需谨慎解读;强度>60VO2max时,各项血压指标均出现显著下降,这或许说明RH患者应该进行强度在60VO2max以上的有氧运动来控制血压。干预周期方面,除高于12周时24h舒张压的下降效果需要谨慎解读外,12周以内的有氧运动均取得了良好降压效果。
目前我国专家提倡进行以有氧运动为主,每周5 d、每天至少30 min的中等强度运动,推荐强度为60%~70%VO2max[12]。此外,有研究提出中高强度的运动降低高血压人群血压的幅度更大[32],也有研究认为有氧运动对药物无反应的高血压患者的降压效果不受运动强度的影响[33],70%VO2max的高强度有氧运动不会产生更好的降压效果[34];可见目前最优运动方案尚无定论。参考前人研究并结合本研究结果,似乎每周3次、60%~70%VO2max、单次30 min的定期有氧运动是适合RH患者的方案,而相比于设定具体运动周期,能够养成定期运动的良好习惯则更为重要。
(1)未检索灰色文献,可能会错过一些研究。(2)由于文献数量较少,结局指标未纳入日间、夜间动态血压等结局,若条件满足,未来可以进行丰富。(3)纳入文献中的性别、单次干预时间、频率信息不足或差异不充分,未进行此方面的亚组分析。(4)纳入研究的数量和质量有待提升,需更多高质量研究佐证。
  • 国家社会科学基金项目(19BTY090)
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2025年第52卷第19期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202504334
  • 接收时间:2025-04-18
  • 首发时间:2026-03-17
  • 出版时间:2025-10-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-04-18
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国家社会科学基金项目(19BTY090)
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    1.信韩大学研究生院,韩国 京畿道 11644
    2.泰山学院体育学院,山东 泰安 271000

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
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