Article(id=1240722572032143614, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240722566957027366, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202505441, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1748016000000, receivedDateStr=2025-05-24, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773740912682, onlineDateStr=2026-03-17, pubDate=1760025600000, pubDateStr=2025-10-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773740912682, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773740912682, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773740912682, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240722566957027366, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='19', pageStart='3457', pageEnd='3648', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1773740911472, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773740981732, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1240722861736906836, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240722566957027366, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1240722861736906837, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240722566957027366, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3526, endPage=3529, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240722572363493654, articleId=1240722572032143614, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=The effects of oxygen-enriched rooms on blood oxygen saturation and heart rate in plateau migrants, columnId=1228016570660745413, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Environmental and Occupational Health, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To observe the effects of oxygen enrichment on blood oxygen saturation and heart rate in plateau migrants. Methods Oxygen-enriched rooms were created at altitudes of 4 200 m and 5 100 m using different enclosed spaces, maintaining oxygen volume percentages at approximately 25% and 27%, respectively. Changes in blood oxygen saturation and heart rate at different time points before and after oxygen enrichment were compared among subjects. Results Achieving 25%and 27% oxygen concentrations in various enclosed spaces at 4 200 m and 5 100 m required total oxygen volumes of 200-3 840 L, with average oxygen consumption of 32-88.7 L/m3, and maintenance oxygen flow rates of 2-18 L/min. Compared with baseline levels, subjects exhibited significantly increased blood oxygen saturation (P<0.05 or P<0.01) and significantly decreased heart rate (P<0.05 or P<0.01) after oxygen enrichment. Conclusion At 4 200 m and 5 100 m altitudes, increasing oxygen concentrations to 25% and 27%, respectively, can elevate blood oxygen saturation levels and effectively reduce heart rate in subjects. For constructing high-altitude oxygen-enriched rooms, smaller and well-sealed spaces are recommended.

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目的 观察富氧对高原移居者血氧饱和度和心率的影响。方法 在海拔4 200 m和5 100 m利用不同空间制作富氧室,使氧气容积百分比分别维持在25%和27%左右,比较受试者富氧前后不同时间段血氧饱和度和心率的变化情况。结果 海拔4 200 m和5 100 m不同富氧空间,达到25%和27%氧浓度需要总氧量200~3 840 L,平均氧量32~88.7 L/m3,维持氧流量2~18 L/min。与基线数据比较,富氧后受试者的血氧饱和度显著升高(P<0.05或P<0.01),心率显著降低(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论 在海拔4 200 m和5 100 m高原,氧浓度分别提高至25%和27%可以提高血氧饱和度水平并有效降低受试者的心率,高原富氧室建设建议选择容积小且密闭性好的空间。

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邢鲁艳,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=jCof7wNAYwAd5WrbZlwTVg==, magXml=ORn+TNEkS/j41G2fnlLBnQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=DHKAMrsyNLZv5RswiYv4ng==, pdfFileSize=497577, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=rNPQlcvlFTG5K5FblHraMQ==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

李彬(1980—),男,本科,副研究员,研究方向:高原医学

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Haikou: 2008, Bejing: China Academy of Railway Sciences Environmental Control and Labor Hygiene Research Institute, 2008.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Study on oxygen enrichment technical requirements for passenger trains of the Qinghai-Tibet railway, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240933508072403687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240722572032143614, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=39, issue=3, pageStart=69, pageEnd=71, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=16, authorNames=李彬, 郭海平, 高亮, journalName=医疗卫生装备, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李彬,郭海平,高亮,等.WIYIS-6/90型高原制氧车实地应用效果评价[J].医疗卫生装备201839(3):69-71., articleTitle=WIYIS-6/90型高原制氧车实地应用效果评价, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240933508181455594, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240722572032143614, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=39, issue=3, pageStart=69, pageEnd=71, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=17, authorNames=Li B, Guo HP, Gao L, journalName=Chinese Medical Equipment Journal, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li B, Guo HP, Gao L, et al. Effect of type WIYIS-6/90 plateau Oxygen generating vehicle on high altitude spot[J]. Chinese Medical Equipment Journal, 2018, 39(3): 69-71.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Effect of type WIYIS-6/90 plateau Oxygen generating vehicle on high altitude spot, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240933508286313200, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240722572032143614, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=119, issue=6, pageStart=719, pageEnd=723, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=18, authorNames=West JB, journalName=Journal of Applied Physiology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=West JB. A strategy for Oxygen conditioning at high altitude: comparison with air conditioning[J]. Journal of Applied Physiology, 2015, 119(6): 719-723., articleTitle=A strategy for Oxygen conditioning at high altitude: comparison with air conditioning, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240933508395365108, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240722572032143614, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=15, issue=3, pageStart=409, pageEnd=419, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=19, authorNames=Ripa C, Munshi L, Kuebler WM, journalName=Medical Gas Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ripa C, Munshi L, Kuebler WM, et al. Oxygen targets in critically ill patients: from pathophysiology to population enrichment strategies[J]. Medical Gas Research, 2025, 15(3): 409-419., articleTitle=Oxygen targets in critically ill patients: from pathophysiology to population enrichment strategies, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1240933506038166104, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240722572032143614, awardId=CLJ19J026, language=CN, fundingSource=军队后勤科研项目(CLJ19J026), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1240933501709644128, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240722572032143614, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240933501718032736, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240722572032143614, companyId=1240933501709644128, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Institute of High Altitude Medicine, The 950th Hospital of the People’s Liberation Army, Yecheng, Xinjiang 844900, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240933501722227041, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240722572032143614, companyId=1240933501709644128, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.陆军第九五〇医院高山病研究所,新疆 叶城 844900)]), AuthorCompany(id=1240933501810307429, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240722572032143614, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240933501814501732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240722572032143614, companyId=1240933501810307429, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.陆军第九四八医院口腔科,新疆 乌苏 833000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1240933504914092541, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240722572032143614, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Changes in pulse oxygen saturation and heart rate before and after oxygen enrichment in a hyperbaric oxygen chamber at 4 200 m altitude [(),n=10]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间(min)SaO2(%)心率(次/min)
087.30±2.6790.80±18.40
3093.70±1.16#83.30±19.14
4293.90±2.77#78.40±14.98#
6089.90±1.97#83.50±17.17
), ArticleFig(id=1240933505006367237, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240722572032143614, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

海拔4 200 m高压氧舱富氧前后SaO2和心率变化[(),n=10]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间(min)SaO2(%)心率(次/min)
087.30±2.6790.80±18.40
3093.70±1.16#83.30±19.14
4293.90±2.77#78.40±14.98#
6089.90±1.97#83.50±17.17
), ArticleFig(id=1240933505111224845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240722572032143614, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Changes in pulse oxygen saturation and heart rate before and after oxygen enrichment inside a pickup truck at 4 200 m altitude [($\bar{x}±s$,n=10]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间(min)SaO2(%)心率(次/min)
089.40±3.1796.40±18.63
2093.50±0.97#89.90±15.57*
4293.50±1.18#90.60±14.66*
6089.40±2.4686.20±14.50*
), ArticleFig(id=1240933505207693846, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240722572032143614, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

海拔4 200 m车内富氧前后SaO2和心率变化[($\bar{x}±s$),n=10]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间(min)SaO2(%)心率(次/min)
089.40±3.1796.40±18.63
2093.50±0.97#89.90±15.57*
4293.50±1.18#90.60±14.66*
6089.40±2.4686.20±14.50*
), ArticleFig(id=1240933505287385630, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240722572032143614, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Changes in pulse oxygen saturation and heart rate before and after oxygen enrichment in a room at 5 100 m altitude[(),n=10]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间(min)SaO2(%)心率(次/min)
084.20±3.29105.70±18.22
4291.20±1.13#95.10±15.87#
5290.10±3.14#96.30±14.92#
6084.40±3.37100.50±16.67
), ArticleFig(id=1240933505388048931, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240722572032143614, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

海拔5 100 m室内富氧前后SaO2和心率变化[(),n=10]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间(min)SaO2(%)心率(次/min)
084.20±3.29105.70±18.22
4291.20±1.13#95.10±15.87#
5290.10±3.14#96.30±14.92#
6084.40±3.37100.50±16.67
), ArticleFig(id=1240933505471935021, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240722572032143614, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Changes in pulse oxygen saturation and heart rate before and after oxygen enrichment inside a pickup truck at 5 200 m altitude [(), n=10]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间(min)SaO2(%)心率(次/min)
083.20±5.8699.40±16.62
1493.80±1.68#84.50±12.07
3094.20±1.03#83.50±8.34*
3885.70±4.2788.50±15.15
), ArticleFig(id=1240933505555821110, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240722572032143614, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

海拔5 200 m车内富氧前后SaO2和心率变化表[(),n=10]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间(min)SaO2(%)心率(次/min)
083.20±5.8699.40±16.62
1493.80±1.68#84.50±12.07
3094.20±1.03#83.50±8.34*
3885.70±4.2788.50±15.15
), ArticleFig(id=1240933505652290109, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240722572032143614, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Oxygen requirements and maintenance flow rates to achieve predetermined oxygen concentration at different altitudes and within enclosed spaces

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
海拔(m)富氧空间类型分次供氧流量(L/min)所需时间(min)总氧量(L)平均氧量(L/m3维持氧流量(L/min)
4 200高压氧舱第1次40281 12032.02
高压氧舱第2次40321 28036.62
皮卡车内第1次102222075.96
皮卡车内第2次102020069.06
5 100制式房间第1次80383 04070.216
制式房间第2次80483 84088.718
皮卡车内第1次161422477.26
皮卡车内第1次161625688.36
), ArticleFig(id=1240933505815867972, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240722572032143614, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

不同海拔和空间达到预定氧浓度需氧量及维持氧流量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
海拔(m)富氧空间类型分次供氧流量(L/min)所需时间(min)总氧量(L)平均氧量(L/m3维持氧流量(L/min)
4 200高压氧舱第1次40281 12032.02
高压氧舱第2次40321 28036.62
皮卡车内第1次102222075.96
皮卡车内第2次102020069.06
5 100制式房间第1次80383 04070.216
制式房间第2次80483 84088.718
皮卡车内第1次161422477.26
皮卡车内第1次161625688.36
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富氧室对高原移居者血氧饱和度和心率的影响
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李彬 1 , 邢鲁艳 2 , 赵家稳 1 , 高亮 1 , 哈振德 1
现代预防医学 | 环境与职业卫生 2025,52(19): 3526-3529
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现代预防医学 | 环境与职业卫生 2025, 52(19): 3526-3529
富氧室对高原移居者血氧饱和度和心率的影响
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李彬1, 邢鲁艳2 , 赵家稳1, 高亮1, 哈振德1
作者信息
  • 1.陆军第九五〇医院高山病研究所,新疆 叶城 844900
  • 2.陆军第九四八医院口腔科,新疆 乌苏 833000
  • 李彬(1980—),男,本科,副研究员,研究方向:高原医学

通讯作者:

邢鲁艳,E-mail:
The effects of oxygen-enriched rooms on blood oxygen saturation and heart rate in plateau migrants
Bin LI1, Lu-yan XING2 , Jia-wen ZHAO1, Liang GAO1, Zhen-de HA1
Affiliations
  • Institute of High Altitude Medicine, The 950th Hospital of the People’s Liberation Army, Yecheng, Xinjiang 844900, China
出版时间: 2025-10-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202505441
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目的 观察富氧对高原移居者血氧饱和度和心率的影响。方法 在海拔4 200 m和5 100 m利用不同空间制作富氧室,使氧气容积百分比分别维持在25%和27%左右,比较受试者富氧前后不同时间段血氧饱和度和心率的变化情况。结果 海拔4 200 m和5 100 m不同富氧空间,达到25%和27%氧浓度需要总氧量200~3 840 L,平均氧量32~88.7 L/m3,维持氧流量2~18 L/min。与基线数据比较,富氧后受试者的血氧饱和度显著升高(P<0.05或P<0.01),心率显著降低(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论 在海拔4 200 m和5 100 m高原,氧浓度分别提高至25%和27%可以提高血氧饱和度水平并有效降低受试者的心率,高原富氧室建设建议选择容积小且密闭性好的空间。

高原  /  富氧  /  富氧室  /  血氧饱和度  /  心率

Objective To observe the effects of oxygen enrichment on blood oxygen saturation and heart rate in plateau migrants. Methods Oxygen-enriched rooms were created at altitudes of 4 200 m and 5 100 m using different enclosed spaces, maintaining oxygen volume percentages at approximately 25% and 27%, respectively. Changes in blood oxygen saturation and heart rate at different time points before and after oxygen enrichment were compared among subjects. Results Achieving 25%and 27% oxygen concentrations in various enclosed spaces at 4 200 m and 5 100 m required total oxygen volumes of 200-3 840 L, with average oxygen consumption of 32-88.7 L/m3, and maintenance oxygen flow rates of 2-18 L/min. Compared with baseline levels, subjects exhibited significantly increased blood oxygen saturation (P<0.05 or P<0.01) and significantly decreased heart rate (P<0.05 or P<0.01) after oxygen enrichment. Conclusion At 4 200 m and 5 100 m altitudes, increasing oxygen concentrations to 25% and 27%, respectively, can elevate blood oxygen saturation levels and effectively reduce heart rate in subjects. For constructing high-altitude oxygen-enriched rooms, smaller and well-sealed spaces are recommended.

High altitude  /  Oxygen enrichment  /  Oxygen-enriched room  /  Blood oxygen saturation  /  Heart rate
李彬, 邢鲁艳, 赵家稳, 高亮, 哈振德. 富氧室对高原移居者血氧饱和度和心率的影响. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (19) : 3526 -3529 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202505441
Bin LI, Lu-yan XING, Jia-wen ZHAO, Liang GAO, Zhen-de HA. The effects of oxygen-enriched rooms on blood oxygen saturation and heart rate in plateau migrants[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (19) : 3526 -3529 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202505441
高原环境对机体产生损伤的最根本原因是缺氧,因此补氧是预防和治疗急慢性高原病的首选方法,也是保障高原居住人群身体健康的有效措施。随着高原基础设施的改善,高原供氧体系逐步完善,但依然以传统供氧方式如氧气钢瓶、供氧带和制氧机等为主。依据“每提高1%的氧气浓度相当于使海拔高度下降约300 m”[1]的理论,个别单位在高原地区建立了富氧室,由于缺乏系统化的设计,无相关行业规范和国家标准,富氧室建设比较杂乱,实际应用效果并不理想。West[2]认为3 600 m以下海拔,不建议对已完成习服者使用富氧措施,4 200 m富氧措施虽有益但非必需,而在5 000 m以上地区富氧措施极为必要,因此我们在海拔4 200m和5 100 m地区开展了富氧室制作小样本前瞻性研究。
采用随机抽样的方法,选取20名男性志愿者进行试验,无基础疾病,曾有高原暴露史,研究期间高原暴露时间7~12 d,年龄21~58岁,平均(37.7±12.7)岁,身高(171.7±5.2)cm,体重(69.7±5.6)kg,均自愿参加试验并对本研究知情同意。
海拔4 200 m富氧室分别采用潍坊华信氧业有限公司制造的YC2800医用空气加压氧舱(产品标准:GB/T 12130-2020;满员治疗人数:12人;舱室容积:50.5 m3,关闭副舱,只使用主舱,扣除座椅物品及人体所占空间后实际容积35 m3)和江铃大道皮卡车(车内实际容积2.9 m3,富氧前关闭门窗和空调外循环)。分别采用舱内氧气吸入器(40 L/min)和15 L氧气钢瓶(10 L/min)供氧,氧浓度达到25%后调整供氧流量维持该浓度10 min以上后开门开空调通风直至恢复初始氧浓度。海拔5 100 m富氧室分别采用制式房间(实际容积43.3 m3)和原皮卡车,采用40 L钢瓶(80 L/min)和15 L钢瓶(16 L/min)供氧,氧浓度达到27%后调整供氧流量维持该浓度10 min以上后开门窗通风直至恢复初始氧浓度。每个富氧空间实验进行二次,其中制式房间分别采用密封门窗和不密封的情况下进行。
氧气浓度检测采用深圳市普利通电子科技有限公司PLT850-4语音型四合一气体检测仪,每2 min连续监测富氧室氧气浓度,采用芬兰产Ohmeda TuffSat掌式血氧仪每2 min连续监测受试者富氧前后血氧饱和度(blood oxygen saturation,SaO2)和心率(heart rate),进入富氧室后、开始供氧前的静息状态值作为基线数据。
采用SPSS 21.0版本软件进行统计分析,数据用()表示,对受试者的富氧前后不同时间点的SaO2及心率进行重复测量方差分析,并对达到目标氧浓度、富氧结束前、富氧结束后(氧浓度恢复至20.9%)各时间点数据与基线数据进行配对t检验,双侧检验,检验水准α=0.05。
不同时间点测量的SaO2和心率差异非常显著(F1=17.526,P1<0.01;F2=2.925,P2<0.05)。与基线数据比较,到达目标氧浓度、富氧结束前和富氧结束后SaO2差异非常显著(P<0.01),而心率在富氧结束前差异非常显著(P<0.01)。富氧前后关键时间点受试者的血氧饱和度和心率变化见表1
不同时间点测量的SaO2和心率差异非常显著(F1=12.329,P1<0.01,F2=2.233,P2<0.05)。与基线数据比较,到达目标氧浓度和富氧结束前SaO2差异非常显著(P<0.01),心率在各关键时间点均有显著差异(P<0.05)。富氧前后关键时间点受试者的SaO2和心率变化见表2
不同时间点测量的SaO2和心率差异非常显著(F1=7.113,P1<0.01;F2=2.957,P2<0.05)。与基线数据比较,到达目标氧浓度和富氧结束前SaO2和心率差异非常显著(P<0.01)。富氧前后关键时间点受试者的SaO2和心率变化见表3
不同时间点测量的SaO2和心率差异非常显著(F1=20.132,P1<0.01;F2=4.274,P2<0.05)。与基线数据比较,到达目标氧浓度和富氧结束前SaO2和心率差异非常显著(P<0.01或P<0.05)。富氧前后关键时间点受试者的SaO2和心率变化见表4
海拔4 200 m和5 100 m不同富氧空间,达到25%和27%氧浓度需要总氧量200~3 840 L,平均氧量32~88.7 L/m3,维持氧流量2~18 L/min。见表5
高原低压、低氧等自然地理环境对初入和常驻高原人员的健康状况和作业能力带来严重影响,可造成智力、思维、记忆和判断能力减退,这种影响与进驻的速度和海拔的高度呈明确的正相关。1995年,West[1]首次在智利北部海拔为4 500 m的某矿区利用分子筛制氧机将氧气通入室内以营造相对富氧的局部环境,West教授认为提高室内氧浓度以达到较低的生理等效高度,克服了佩戴鼻导管和呼吸面罩等配件供氧而产生的异物不适感,使人体能在一个舒服自由甚至毫无察觉的条件下进行氧保健[3],其潜在的作用能使观光旅游者、频繁往返者、较长时间居留人员甚至世居高原人群均可从中获益。此后,国内外大量的研究证实[4-9]在高原低氧条件下提高局部环境中的氧气浓度可有效降低生理等效高度,缓解缺氧相关的一系列症状及损害,即使在5 000 m海拔将氧气浓度提高到 31.5%,也不会增加火灾隐患[10]
提高局部环境的氧气浓度,使吸入气氧分压(PO2)增加,进而提高肺泡气PO2和SaO2,纠正机体的低氧血症,这是富氧室在高原应用的医学理论依据。据此,凡是能使机体发生低氧血症的低氧环境区域(即医学高原,海拔3 000 m以上,肺泡气PO2小于60 mm Hg,SaO2低于90%)均可以充分利用富氧室以改善缺氧状况,且不会影响短期高原适应[11]。海拔4 500 m和5 000 m舒适氧浓度分别为25.5%和27%[12],Gerard等证实在海拔5 000 m将氧浓度增加6%能改善认知和运动功能[9],笔者在海拔4 300 m和5 100 m分别将氧浓度提高至25%和27%能满足需要,但从实验结果来看,部分时间点的受试者的心率和SaO2无明显差异,主要原因是样本量偏小,也提示可以适当增加氧浓度获得更好的富氧效果。
高原富氧室制作一个关键指标是空间的密闭性,密闭系数难以直接获取,但我们可以用实际耗氧量与维持氧流量的比值进行间接计算,人体静息状态耗氧量约为250 ml/min,5人耗氧量约为1.25 L/min,高压氧舱维持氧流量为2 L/min,由此可知该空间密闭系数为0.625,同理可推算出车内密闭系数为0.208,而封闭和不封闭门窗的普通房间密闭系数仅有0.078和0.069。高压氧舱是相对理想的富氧室空间,我们的目标是制作常压富氧室,所以氧舱没有进行完全封闭,否则密闭系数理论上是100%。进出高原途中可采用车内富氧,空间相对较小,需氧量不大,但应注意防火。除了特制的高原富氧房,常规富氧室主要依托普通房间,为了提高氧气利用率,应加强空间的密闭性。
高原富氧室制作注意事项:(1)在高原低氧环境制作简易富氧室侧重于实际应用,因此局部空间无需绝对密闭;(2)富氧空间较小、密闭性较高、室内人员较多等情况下,必须考虑到二氧化碳蓄积问题;在富氧室应用基础上可进行有关富氧效应的评价研究;(3)富氧室内应配备便携式测氧仪、二氧化碳检测仪等相关设备;(4)富氧室制作过程中氧源与检测设备两者间的距离和朝向可能会造成测量误差,一般可将氧源置于富氧室周边,检测仪置于相对中央位置;(5)所用检测仪的精确度、灵敏度,以及浮标式流量表的旋钮调节等均会对需氧量的估算造成误差;(6)除密闭系数外,海拔高度、大气压、温度等变化亦会对需氧量的估算产生误差;(7)富氧室制作过程中氧气浓度的提升幅度应参照GB/T 35414—2017《高原地区室内空间弥散供氧(氧调)要求》;(8)富氧室实际应用过程中耗氧量可按人均500 ml/min粗算(即基础生理需氧量250 ml/L+机体活动耗氧量250 ml/L)。
关于补氧后机体生理指标改善及效应保留问题的研究亦不多见,McElroy[4]等在1项随机、双盲研究中,24名海平面居民在1天内开车到3 800 m的海拔,富氧中睡眠1晚后,傍晚和早晨SaO2显著增高,但没有持续到中午。本次研究富氧结束后SaO2和心率与富氧前比较无显著差异,说明SaO2和心率保留时效不长。本课题组[13]曾在海拔4 280 m对20名青年用鼻氧管以2 L/min流量持续吸氧20 min,与吸氧前比较,停止吸氧后10min受试者的肺活量、右手握力增加,辨别反应时间缩短,但SaO2和心率无显著性差距,反应了高原氧疗SaO2和心率保留时效较短,但通过改善身体机能提高机体其他生理指标保留时间较长。
目前高原地区制供氧设施配备齐全,氧气保障模式不断完善,基本能保证高原人群氧气需求,使得简易富氧室有广泛的推广应用前景,有学者用空气调节系统改变了人类在高温环境下工作和生活的理念和现状[14]。富氧机驱动能源的充足供应、室内气体浓度变化的精确监测和调控、专职技术操作人员的配置并精细管理[15]、火灾风险的评估及应急预案的制定等是前述所列举的富氧室能成熟应用的有力保证,但也成为了富氧室在高原现场广泛推广应用的主要制约因素,目前很少有简易富氧室制作的标准规范和技术介绍。立足于我部所在区域的具体情况,满足于平时保健和应急保障的需要,针对常用不同场所(班用帐篷、卫生帐篷、指挥帐篷、坑道及制式房屋)及使用装备(指挥车、运输车、救护车、放射车、手术车等),提出可操作性强、简单易掌握、安全且明确的制作技术参数和操作规范,有利于富氧室在高原现场的推广应用。
  • 军队后勤科研项目(CLJ19J026)
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2025年第52卷第19期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202505441
  • 接收时间:2025-05-24
  • 首发时间:2026-03-17
  • 出版时间:2025-10-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-05-24
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    1.陆军第九五〇医院高山病研究所,新疆 叶城 844900
    2.陆军第九四八医院口腔科,新疆 乌苏 833000

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
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Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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