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Article(id=1240722570325061781, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240722566957027366, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202504318, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1745164800000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-21, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773740912275, onlineDateStr=2026-03-17, pubDate=1760025600000, pubDateStr=2025-10-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773740912275, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773740912275, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773740912275, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240722566957027366, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='19', pageStart='3457', pageEnd='3648', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1773740911472, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773740981732, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1240722861736906836, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240722566957027366, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1240722861736906837, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240722566957027366, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3553, endPage=3558, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240722570660606117, articleId=1240722570325061781, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Analysis of the awareness and influencing factors of nutritional health knowledge among school-age children in Sichuan Province from 2023 to 2024, columnId=1228016568949474136, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Child and Adolescent Health, Maternal and Child Health, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To analyze the awareness of nutritional health knowledge among school-age children in Sichuan Province, identify shortcomings and related issues of nutritional health knowledge, and provide a scientific basis for nutritional intervention policies. Methods From October 2023 to May 2024, a multi-stage sampling method was used to collect nutritional health knowledge questionnaires from 12 674 school-age children in 21 districts and counties of Sichuan Province through a questionnaire survey. Descriptive statistical analysis and multivariable analysis were conducted based on survey content. Results The nutritional health knowledge scores [median (interquartile range)] of school-age children in Sichuan Province (including lower elementary school students) in 2023—2024 were 73.00 (63.00-84.00). Scores for lower elementary, upper elementary, middle school, and high school groups were 90.00 (80.00-95.00), 72.00 (62.00-82.00), 69.00 (58.00-77.00), and 66.00 (57.00-74.00), respectively. The higher the grade level, the lower the score, and this was statistically significant. The score rate ranges for the five knowledge dimensions of dietary recommendations, food classification and characteristics, food and growth development and health, food selection, and food safety were 54.82%-81.66%, 60.31%-91.40%, 69.85%-89.50%,71.65%-86.20%, and 69.38%-84.07%, respectively. The lower elementary school grade group had the highest score in each knowledge dimension, and the senior high school group had the lowest score rate. The awareness rate (excluding lower elementary grades) was 32.98%, and the awareness rates for upper elementary school grades, middle school, and high school were 41.91%, 31.12%, and 23.34%, respectively. The higher the grade level, the lower the awareness rate, and this was statistically significant (χ2=249.432, P<0.001). Univariate analysis results showed that gender, grade level, region, whether living on campus, the educational level and occupation of the parents of school-age children had statistically significant differences in the awareness rate of nutritional health knowledge (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis results showed that the grade level, region (urban or rural), whether living on campus, father’s education and occupation were important factors affecting the awareness level of nutritional health knowledge among school-age children in Sichuan Province. Conclusion There is significant room for improvement in the awareness rate of nutritional health knowledge among school-age children in Sichuan Province. To improve the nutritional health literacy of school-age children, it is necessary to further strengthen the publicity and education of nutritional health knowledge.

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目的 分析四川省学龄儿童营养健康知识知晓情况，了解学龄儿童营养健康知识短板及相关问题，为营养干预政策提供科学依据。方法 于2023年10月—2024年5月采用多阶段抽样的方法，以问卷调查形式收集四川省21个区县共12 674名学龄儿童营养健康知识问卷。根据调查内容对问卷进行描述性统计分析和多因素分析。结果 2023—2024年四川省学龄儿童（含小学低年级）的营养健康知识得分［中位数（四分位数间距）］为73.00（63.00～84.00），小学低年级组、小学高年级组、初中组、高中组得分分别为90.00（80.00～95.00）、72.00（62.00～82.00）、69.00（58.00～77.00）、66.00（57.00～74.00）,年级组别越高得分越低，且具统计学意义。五大知识维度包括膳食推荐、食物分类及特点、食物与生长发育和健康、食物选择、食品安全，得分率范围分别为54.82%～81.66%、60.31%～91.40%、69.85%～89.50%、71.65%～86.20%、69.38%～84.07%，每一知识维度小学低年级组得分最高、高中组得分率最低。知晓率（不含小学低年级）为32.98%，小学高年级组、初中组、高中组知晓率分别为41.91%、31.12%、23.34%，年级组别越高知晓率越低，且具统计学意义（χ2=249.432 P<0.001）；单因素分析结果显示，学龄儿童的性别、所在年级、所在地区、是否住校、父母亲文化程度和父母亲职业在营养健康知识知晓率的差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；logistic回归分析结果显示，四川省学龄儿童所在年级、所在地区（城乡）、是否住校、父亲的文化程度和职业是影响其营养健康知识知晓水平的重要因素。结论 四川省学龄儿童营养健康知识知晓率有较高上升空间。为提高学龄儿童营养健康素养，应进一步加强营养健康知识宣传教育。

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颜玲（1971—），女，本科，副研究员，研究方向：营养与食品安全

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颜玲（1971—），女，本科，副研究员，研究方向：营养与食品安全

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颜玲（1971—），女，本科，副研究员，研究方向：营养与食品安全

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The total score of nutritional health knowledge among school-age children in Sichuan Province (including lower grades of primary school) (n=12 674)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
人口学特征总得分
中位数（四分位数间距）		统计量P值
性别Z
男63.00(62.00～83.00)-5.467<0.001
女74.00(64.00～85.00)
所在年级H
小学低年级90.00(80.00～95.00)3 741.543<0.001
小学高年级72.00(62.00～80.00)(v=3)
初中69.00(58.00～77.00)
高中66.00(57.00～74.00)
地区Z
农村点73.00(63.00～85.00)-0.0350.972
城市点74.00(64.00～83.00)
合计73.00(63.00～84.00)
), ArticleFig(id=1240933502431064444, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240722570325061781, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

四川省学龄儿童（含小学低年级）营养健康知识总得分(n=12 674)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
人口学特征总得分
中位数（四分位数间距）		统计量P值
性别Z
男63.00(62.00～83.00)-5.467<0.001
女74.00(64.00～85.00)
所在年级H
小学低年级90.00(80.00～95.00)3 741.543<0.001
小学高年级72.00(62.00～80.00)(v=3)
初中69.00(58.00～77.00)
高中66.00(57.00～74.00)
地区Z
农村点73.00(63.00～85.00)-0.0350.972
城市点74.00(64.00～83.00)
合计73.00(63.00～84.00)
), ArticleFig(id=1240933502548504963, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240722570325061781, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Awareness rate of nutritional and health knowledge among school-age children in Sichuan Province (n=9 206)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
人口学特征知晓人数不知晓人数知晓率(%)χ2值P值
性别
男1 4763 13632.003.9750.046
女1 5603 03433.96
所在年级
小学高年级1 4992 07841.91249.432<0.001
初中8931 97731.12
高中6442 11523.34
地区
城市点1 6693 19034.358.7400.003
农村点1 3672 98031.45
是否住校
是1 1042 62129.6431.673<0.001
否1 9303 54435.26
父亲的文化程度
小学及以下4141 03728.5329.972<0.001
初中1 2142 36233.95
高中/中专/技校6861 24435.54
大专/职大18246528.13
本科19636035.25
硕士研究生及以上215826.58
不知道32364433.40
母亲的文化程度
小学及以下5711 29230.6518.9010.004
初中1 0952 14233.83
高中/中专/技校6141 08036.25
大专/职大20143631.55
本科18439831.62
硕士研究生及以上247424.49
不知道34774831.69
父亲职业
医疗卫生机构6420024.24141.254<0.001
其他健康相关产业151519.04
教育相关行业5625917.78
农副产品加工业4819319.92
餐饮业和食品批发零售业15832033.05
农林牧渔业40480633.39
其他2 0923 70336.10
不知道19953827.00
母亲职业
医疗卫生机构10022231.0642.479<0.001
其他健康相关产业4215021.88
教育相关行业13329331.22
农副产品加工业6719225.87
餐饮业和食品批发零售业22048831.07
农林牧渔业40385831.96
其他1 7763 23135.47
不知道29573628.61
合计3 0366 17032.98
), ArticleFig(id=1240933502670139784, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240722570325061781, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

四川省学龄儿童营养健康知识知晓率情况（n=9 206）

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
人口学特征知晓人数不知晓人数知晓率(%)χ2值P值
性别
男1 4763 13632.003.9750.046
女1 5603 03433.96
所在年级
小学高年级1 4992 07841.91249.432<0.001
初中8931 97731.12
高中6442 11523.34
地区
城市点1 6693 19034.358.7400.003
农村点1 3672 98031.45
是否住校
是1 1042 62129.6431.673<0.001
否1 9303 54435.26
父亲的文化程度
小学及以下4141 03728.5329.972<0.001
初中1 2142 36233.95
高中/中专/技校6861 24435.54
大专/职大18246528.13
本科19636035.25
硕士研究生及以上215826.58
不知道32364433.40
母亲的文化程度
小学及以下5711 29230.6518.9010.004
初中1 0952 14233.83
高中/中专/技校6141 08036.25
大专/职大20143631.55
本科18439831.62
硕士研究生及以上247424.49
不知道34774831.69
父亲职业
医疗卫生机构6420024.24141.254<0.001
其他健康相关产业151519.04
教育相关行业5625917.78
农副产品加工业4819319.92
餐饮业和食品批发零售业15832033.05
农林牧渔业40480633.39
其他2 0923 70336.10
不知道19953827.00
母亲职业
医疗卫生机构10022231.0642.479<0.001
其他健康相关产业4215021.88
教育相关行业13329331.22
农副产品加工业6719225.87
餐饮业和食品批发零售业22048831.07
农林牧渔业40385831.96
其他1 7763 23135.47
不知道29573628.61
合计3 0366 17032.98
), ArticleFig(id=1240933502821134737, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240722570325061781, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Score situation on nutritional health knowledge among school-age children in Sichuan Province by different knowledge dimensions

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别知识维度得分（$\bar{x}±s$）满分得分率（%）
小学低年级膳食推荐28.58±6.013581.66
食物分类及特点13.71±2.661591.40
食物与生长发育和健康17.90±3.432089.50
食物选择12.93±3.491586.20
食品安全12.61±3.561584.07
小学高年级膳食推荐17.38±5.242862.07
食物分类及特点16.02±4.202272.82
食物与生长发育和健康11.68±2.751673.00
食物选择13.08±3.061872.67
食品安全12.80±2.911680.00
初中膳食推荐15.63±4.402855.82
食物分类及特点12.96±4.112064.80
食物与生长发育和健康11.49±3.361673.81
食物选择14.69±3.642073.45
食品安全11.10±2.981669.38
高中膳食推荐15.35±4.822854.82
食物分类及特点9.65±3.281660.31
食物与生长发育和健康13.97±3.522069.85
食物选择14.33±3.352071.65
食品安全11.83±2.591673.94
), ArticleFig(id=1240933502942769558, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240722570325061781, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

四川省学龄儿童营养健康知识调查各知识维度得分情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别知识维度得分（$\bar{x}±s$）满分得分率（%）
小学低年级膳食推荐28.58±6.013581.66
食物分类及特点13.71±2.661591.40
食物与生长发育和健康17.90±3.432089.50
食物选择12.93±3.491586.20
食品安全12.61±3.561584.07
小学高年级膳食推荐17.38±5.242862.07
食物分类及特点16.02±4.202272.82
食物与生长发育和健康11.68±2.751673.00
食物选择13.08±3.061872.67
食品安全12.80±2.911680.00
初中膳食推荐15.63±4.402855.82
食物分类及特点12.96±4.112064.80
食物与生长发育和健康11.49±3.361673.81
食物选择14.69±3.642073.45
食品安全11.10±2.981669.38
高中膳食推荐15.35±4.822854.82
食物分类及特点9.65±3.281660.31
食物与生长发育和健康13.97±3.522069.85
食物选择14.33±3.352071.65
食品安全11.83±2.591673.94
), ArticleFig(id=1240933503081181596, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240722570325061781, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Multivariable Logistic regression analysis of awareness rate of nutritional health knowledge among school-age children in Sichuan Province

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素回归系数标准误Wald χ2值P值OR（95%CI）
常数项-0.2720.2501.1850.276
性别(Ref:男)
女0.0680.0462.1790.1401.070(0.978～1.170)
所在年级(Ref:小学高年级)
初中-0.5940.056110.473<0.001*0.552(0.494～0.617)
高中-1.0340.066242.680<0.001*0.356(0.312～0.405)
所在地区(Ref:城市)
农村-0.2740.05129.007<0.001*0.761(0.689～0.840)
是否住校(Ref:是)
否-0.1640.0568.5450.003*0.849(0.761～0.948)
父亲的文化程度(Ref:小学及以下)
初中0.1720.0735.5320.019*1.188(1.029～1.371)
高中/中专/技校0.2020.0875.4080.020*1.224(1.032～1.451)
大专/职大0.0640.1270.2560.6131.066(0.832～1.367)
本科0.4640.13511.7950.001*1.590(1.220～2.071)
硕士研究生及以上0.0940.3090.0920.7621.098(0.599～2.011)
不知道0.1340.1141.3630.2431.143(0.913～1.430)
母亲的文化程度(Ref:小学及以下)
初中-0.0200.0690.0860.7690.980(0.857～1.121)
高中/中专/技校0.0180.0840.0470.8271.019(0.863～1.202)
大专/职大-0.0470.1200.1510.6980.954(0.754～1.208)
本科-0.1830.1361.8040.1790.833(0.638～1.088)
硕士研究生及以上-0.3970.2881.8980.1680.672(0.382～1.183)
不知道-0.1980.1073.4490.0630.820(0.665～1.011)
父亲职业(Ref:医疗卫生机构)
其他健康相关产业-1.2510.31216.032<0.001*0.286(0.155～0.528)
教育相关行业-0.4960.2165.2910.021*0.609(0.399～0.929)
农副产品加工业-0.1810.2310.6170.4320.834(0.531～1.311)
餐饮业和食品批发零售业0.5880.1929.3840.002*1.800(1.236～2.622)
农林牧渔业0.7950.18817.846<0.001*2.215(1.531～3.202)
其他0.7210.16519.178<0.001*2.056(1.489～2.838)
不知道0.4110.1894.7270.030*1.509(1.041～2.185)
母亲职业(Ref:医疗卫生机构)
其他健康相关产业-0.3080.2241.8830.1700.735(0.473～1.141)
教育相关行业0.0950.1710.3110.5771.100(0.787～1.536)
农副产品加工业-0.0590.2040.0850.7700.942(0.632～1.404)
餐饮业和食品批发零售业-0.1500.1640.8410.3590.861(0.624～1.186)
农林牧渔业-0.1230.1700.5270.4680.884(0.634～1.233)
其他-0.0950.1420.4520.5020.909(0.688～1.200)
不知道-0.3160.1613.8750.049*0.729(0.532～0.999)
), ArticleFig(id=1240933503165067682, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240722570325061781, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

四川省学龄儿童营养健康知识知晓率logistic回归多因素分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素回归系数标准误Wald χ2值P值OR（95%CI）
常数项-0.2720.2501.1850.276
性别(Ref:男)
女0.0680.0462.1790.1401.070(0.978～1.170)
所在年级(Ref:小学高年级)
初中-0.5940.056110.473<0.001*0.552(0.494～0.617)
高中-1.0340.066242.680<0.001*0.356(0.312～0.405)
所在地区(Ref:城市)
农村-0.2740.05129.007<0.001*0.761(0.689～0.840)
是否住校(Ref:是)
否-0.1640.0568.5450.003*0.849(0.761～0.948)
父亲的文化程度(Ref:小学及以下)
初中0.1720.0735.5320.019*1.188(1.029～1.371)
高中/中专/技校0.2020.0875.4080.020*1.224(1.032～1.451)
大专/职大0.0640.1270.2560.6131.066(0.832～1.367)
本科0.4640.13511.7950.001*1.590(1.220～2.071)
硕士研究生及以上0.0940.3090.0920.7621.098(0.599～2.011)
不知道0.1340.1141.3630.2431.143(0.913～1.430)
母亲的文化程度(Ref:小学及以下)
初中-0.0200.0690.0860.7690.980(0.857～1.121)
高中/中专/技校0.0180.0840.0470.8271.019(0.863～1.202)
大专/职大-0.0470.1200.1510.6980.954(0.754～1.208)
本科-0.1830.1361.8040.1790.833(0.638～1.088)
硕士研究生及以上-0.3970.2881.8980.1680.672(0.382～1.183)
不知道-0.1980.1073.4490.0630.820(0.665～1.011)
父亲职业(Ref:医疗卫生机构)
其他健康相关产业-1.2510.31216.032<0.001*0.286(0.155～0.528)
教育相关行业-0.4960.2165.2910.021*0.609(0.399～0.929)
农副产品加工业-0.1810.2310.6170.4320.834(0.531～1.311)
餐饮业和食品批发零售业0.5880.1929.3840.002*1.800(1.236～2.622)
农林牧渔业0.7950.18817.846<0.001*2.215(1.531～3.202)
其他0.7210.16519.178<0.001*2.056(1.489～2.838)
不知道0.4110.1894.7270.030*1.509(1.041～2.185)
母亲职业(Ref:医疗卫生机构)
其他健康相关产业-0.3080.2241.8830.1700.735(0.473～1.141)
教育相关行业0.0950.1710.3110.5771.100(0.787～1.536)
农副产品加工业-0.0590.2040.0850.7700.942(0.632～1.404)
餐饮业和食品批发零售业-0.1500.1640.8410.3590.861(0.624～1.186)
农林牧渔业-0.1230.1700.5270.4680.884(0.634～1.233)
其他-0.0950.1420.4520.5020.909(0.688～1.200)
不知道-0.3160.1613.8750.049*0.729(0.532～0.999)
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2023—2024年四川省学龄儿童营养健康知识知晓情况及影响因素分析
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颜玲 , 刘敏 , 马梦婷 , 杨依锦 , 刘蒙蒙
现代预防医学 | 儿少卫生与妇幼保健 2025,52(19): 3553-3558
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现代预防医学 | 儿少卫生与妇幼保健 2025, 52(19): 3553-3558
2023—2024年四川省学龄儿童营养健康知识知晓情况及影响因素分析
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颜玲, 刘敏, 马梦婷, 杨依锦, 刘蒙蒙
作者信息
  • 四川省疾病预防控制中心，四川 成都 610041

    • 颜玲（1971—），女，本科，副研究员，研究方向：营养与食品安全

Analysis of the awareness and influencing factors of nutritional health knowledge among school-age children in Sichuan Province from 2023 to 2024
Ling YAN, Min LIU, Meng-ting MA, Yi-jin YANG, Meng-meng LIU
Affiliations
  • Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
出版时间: 2025-10-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202504318
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摘要
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目的 分析四川省学龄儿童营养健康知识知晓情况，了解学龄儿童营养健康知识短板及相关问题，为营养干预政策提供科学依据。方法 于2023年10月—2024年5月采用多阶段抽样的方法，以问卷调查形式收集四川省21个区县共12 674名学龄儿童营养健康知识问卷。根据调查内容对问卷进行描述性统计分析和多因素分析。结果 2023—2024年四川省学龄儿童（含小学低年级）的营养健康知识得分［中位数（四分位数间距）］为73.00（63.00～84.00），小学低年级组、小学高年级组、初中组、高中组得分分别为90.00（80.00～95.00）、72.00（62.00～82.00）、69.00（58.00～77.00）、66.00（57.00～74.00）,年级组别越高得分越低，且具统计学意义。五大知识维度包括膳食推荐、食物分类及特点、食物与生长发育和健康、食物选择、食品安全，得分率范围分别为54.82%～81.66%、60.31%～91.40%、69.85%～89.50%、71.65%～86.20%、69.38%～84.07%，每一知识维度小学低年级组得分最高、高中组得分率最低。知晓率（不含小学低年级）为32.98%，小学高年级组、初中组、高中组知晓率分别为41.91%、31.12%、23.34%，年级组别越高知晓率越低，且具统计学意义（χ2=249.432 P<0.001）；单因素分析结果显示，学龄儿童的性别、所在年级、所在地区、是否住校、父母亲文化程度和父母亲职业在营养健康知识知晓率的差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；logistic回归分析结果显示，四川省学龄儿童所在年级、所在地区（城乡）、是否住校、父亲的文化程度和职业是影响其营养健康知识知晓水平的重要因素。结论 四川省学龄儿童营养健康知识知晓率有较高上升空间。为提高学龄儿童营养健康素养，应进一步加强营养健康知识宣传教育。

营养健康知识  /  知晓率  /  影响因素

Objective To analyze the awareness of nutritional health knowledge among school-age children in Sichuan Province, identify shortcomings and related issues of nutritional health knowledge, and provide a scientific basis for nutritional intervention policies. Methods From October 2023 to May 2024, a multi-stage sampling method was used to collect nutritional health knowledge questionnaires from 12 674 school-age children in 21 districts and counties of Sichuan Province through a questionnaire survey. Descriptive statistical analysis and multivariable analysis were conducted based on survey content. Results The nutritional health knowledge scores [median (interquartile range)] of school-age children in Sichuan Province (including lower elementary school students) in 2023—2024 were 73.00 (63.00-84.00). Scores for lower elementary, upper elementary, middle school, and high school groups were 90.00 (80.00-95.00), 72.00 (62.00-82.00), 69.00 (58.00-77.00), and 66.00 (57.00-74.00), respectively. The higher the grade level, the lower the score, and this was statistically significant. The score rate ranges for the five knowledge dimensions of dietary recommendations, food classification and characteristics, food and growth development and health, food selection, and food safety were 54.82%-81.66%, 60.31%-91.40%, 69.85%-89.50%,71.65%-86.20%, and 69.38%-84.07%, respectively. The lower elementary school grade group had the highest score in each knowledge dimension, and the senior high school group had the lowest score rate. The awareness rate (excluding lower elementary grades) was 32.98%, and the awareness rates for upper elementary school grades, middle school, and high school were 41.91%, 31.12%, and 23.34%, respectively. The higher the grade level, the lower the awareness rate, and this was statistically significant (χ2=249.432, P<0.001). Univariate analysis results showed that gender, grade level, region, whether living on campus, the educational level and occupation of the parents of school-age children had statistically significant differences in the awareness rate of nutritional health knowledge (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis results showed that the grade level, region (urban or rural), whether living on campus, father’s education and occupation were important factors affecting the awareness level of nutritional health knowledge among school-age children in Sichuan Province. Conclusion There is significant room for improvement in the awareness rate of nutritional health knowledge among school-age children in Sichuan Province. To improve the nutritional health literacy of school-age children, it is necessary to further strengthen the publicity and education of nutritional health knowledge.

Nutritional health knowledge  /  Awareness rate  /  Influencing factors
颜玲, 刘敏, 马梦婷, 杨依锦, 刘蒙蒙. 2023—2024年四川省学龄儿童营养健康知识知晓情况及影响因素分析. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (19) : 3553 -3558 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202504318
Ling YAN, Min LIU, Meng-ting MA, Yi-jin YANG, Meng-meng LIU. Analysis of the awareness and influencing factors of nutritional health knowledge among school-age children in Sichuan Province from 2023 to 2024[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (19) : 3553 -3558 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202504318
正文
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学龄儿童（6～17岁）是生长发育的关键时期，亦是知识掌握、信念建立进而逐步形成健康饮食习惯的重要年龄段[1]。当前，我国居民仍面临着营养不足和营养过剩并存的巨大挑战[2]。有研究指出膳食不平衡对于居民慢性病的发生发展具有至关重要的影响[3]，提高相关知识水平对于培养健康饮食习惯具有积极效益[4]。儿童青少年群体对慢性病相关危险因素的敏感性高，其在生命早期更易受到慢性病的威胁[5]。儿童青少年时期罹患慢性病更容易发生成年后不良的健康后果及更高的医疗支出[6]。《健康中国行动（2019—2030年）》明确指出应全面掌握我国居民尤其是重点人群（包括学龄儿童）的营养健康知识水平。《国民营养计划（2017—2030年）》将居民营养健康知晓率的提高作为重要目标之一。为深入推进《健康中国行动（2019—2030年）》和《国民营养计划（2017—2030年）》，了解四川省学龄儿童营养健康知识水平，发现和分析学龄儿童存在的营养知识短板，为营养干预政策提供科学依据，四川省疾病预防控制中心于2023年10月—2024年5月开展了四川省学龄儿童营养健康知识知晓情况调查。
1　对象与方法
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1.1　对象
本调查经中国疾病预防控制中心营养与健康所伦理委员会审查通过（伦理号：2022-037）。调查对象为四川省21个市州(其中城市点11个，农村点10个)6～17岁学龄儿童。按照国家统一调查方案，每个调查点至少调查6～17岁学龄儿童504名，即全省样本量不低于10 584人。所有调查对象均充分知晓调查内容并自愿参与。
1.2　方法
1.2.1　抽样方法
每个调查点采用分层随机整群抽样的方法，以年级分层，以教学班为单位随机整群抽样构成调查样本。一岁一组，共计12个年龄组，每个年龄组42名，男女各半。所有年龄组按年级组别分为小学1～3年级组（小学低年级组）、小学4～6年级组（小学高年级组）、初中组、高中组四个大组。
1.2.2　调查方法
本次研究严格按照中国疾病预防控制中心的调查方案进行质量控制，采用中国疾病预防控制中心营养与健康所制定的《2023—2024年学龄儿童营养健康知识知晓率调查问卷》进行面对面调查。问卷内容包括基本情况和营养健康知识两部分。基本情况包括性别、年龄、所在学校、父母情况、家庭居住情况、是否住校等。营养健康知识包括膳食推荐、食物分类及特点、食物与生长发育和健康、食物选择、食品安全五个维度。
1.2.3　评分方法
评分针对问卷中营养健康知识部分问题进行。按照中国疾病预防控制中心制定的评分标准进行评分。问卷评分总分为100分，总评分≥75分判定为知晓。
1.2.4　质量控制
各调查点严格按照调查实施方案并使用统一问卷进行调查。调查员每完成一份问卷调查当时进行自查，发现问题当时解决。调查点质控员当天对当天调查的问卷抽取15份进行检查，审核是否有漏项、逻辑错误等情况。数据采用统一EpiData软件进行双录入。
1.2.5　统计学分析
采用SPSS统计学软件对数据进行分析，计量资料服从正态分布以（均数±标准差）表示，非正态分布以中位数（四分位数间距）表示，对于不服从正态分布的数据的比较采用Mann-Whitney U检验和Kruskal-Wallis H检验；计数资料使用例数和构成比进行描述性分析。对研究中的影响因素分析，使用χ2检验进行单因素分析，使用二分类logistic回归进行多因素分析，检验水准α=0.05。
2　结果
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2.1　调查对象基本信息
本次调查共获得有效问卷12 674份。12 674名有效调查对象中，男生6 389人（50.41%）、女生6 285人（49.59%）；农村点学生6 066人（47.87%）、城市点学生6 608人（52.13%）。小学低年级组3 468人（27.36%）、小学高年级组3 577人（28.22%）、初中组2 870人（22.65%）、高中组2 759人（21.77%），各年级组段男女基本均衡。
2.2　调查对象父母职业及文化程度
本次调查的学龄儿童10.1%不知道父亲职业，12.97%不知道母亲职业。知道的父亲职业中，父亲职业主要为其他行业，占61.2%；其次为农林渔牧业及餐饮业和食品批发零售业，分别为12.21%和5.04%；从事医疗卫生行业、其他健康相关产业及教育相关行业的均不及5%，分别为2.95%、1.84%和3.86%。知道的母亲职业中，母亲职业也主要为其他行业，占52.87%；其次为农林渔牧业及餐饮业和食品批发零售业，分别为12.39%和7.39%。从事医疗卫生行业、其他健康相关产业、教育相关行业、农副产品加工业和食品制造业的分别为4.23%、1.97%、5.46%和2.71%。
本次调查的学龄儿童15.6%不知道父亲文化程度，16.66%不知道母亲文化程度。知道的父亲文化程度中，父亲文化程度主要为初中，占34.33%；其次为高中/中专/技校和小学及以下，分别为20.1%和13.52%；大专/职大、本科、研究生及以上学历分别为8.05%、7.32%和1.08%。知道的母亲文化程度中，母亲文化程度也主要为初中，占31.3%；其次为高中/中专/技校和小学及以下，分别为18.35%和16.77%；大专/职大、本科、研究生及以上学历分别为8.20%、7.54%和1.18%。
2.3　在家期间家庭成员做饭情况
本次调查的四川省学龄儿童家中主要为妈妈做饭，占46.14%；其次为祖父母/外祖父母和爸爸做饭，分别为37.30%和10.15%；自己做饭的仅占5.00%，小学低年级、小学高年级、初中生、高中生自己做饭分别占1.04%、2.43%、7.98%、10.22%。
2.4　营养知识得分情况
四川省学龄儿童的男女组、城市和农村组、所在年级的四组营养健康知识总得分不符合正态性和方差齐性，故用中位数（四分位数间距）进行描述。从表1可见，小学低年级组总得分最高、小学高年级组总得分次之、高中组的健康知识总得分最低，两两比较结果显示，四组同学健康知识总得分存在统计学差异（P均<0.001）；女性学龄儿童健康知识平均得分高于男性学龄儿童，且存在统计学差异（P<0.05）；农村点学龄儿童与城市点学龄儿童学龄儿童营养健康知识得分接近，无统计学差异（P>0.05）。见表1。
2.5　营养健康知识知晓情况
按照国家的判定标准，营养健康知识得分≥75分为知晓，<75分为不知晓。考虑到小学低年级的认知水平和对知识掌握成熟度，不纳入知晓率计算。排除小学低年级后，调查总人数为9 206人，知晓率为32.98%。
单因素分析结果显示，学龄儿童的性别、所在年级、所在地区、是否住校、父母亲文化程度和父母亲职业在营养健康知识知晓率的差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。见表2。
2.6　营养知识维度得分情况
本次调查问卷营养健康知识分为膳食推荐、食物分类及特点、食物与生长发育和健康、食物选择和食品安全五大知识维度，满分为100分。各知识维度得分情况见表3。四川省学龄儿童营养健康知识各知识维度均是小学低年级组得分率最高、高中组得分率最低。
2.7　四川省学龄儿童营养健康知识知晓率情况影响因素回归分析
在单因素分析中选择P<0.05的变量为自变量，使用二分类logistic回归模型进行分析。模型整体检验的χ2=517.588，自由度（v）为31，P<0.001，按0.05的检验水准，该模型整体具有统计学意义，自变量与因变量间的logistic回归模型成立。见表4。
回归系数的假设检验结果显示四川省学龄儿童所在年级、所在地区（城市和农村）、是否住校、父亲的文化程度和职业五个变量均具有统计学意义。
3　讨论
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慢性病是全球范围内重要的公共卫生问题一[7]，是影响我国居民健康水平和实现健康中国战略目标的最大挑战[8]。儿童青少年不合理膳食会造成肥胖、高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常等慢性疾患[9]。目前，慢性病的发病呈现逐年上升和年轻化态势[10]。根据社会认知理论，知识是改变行为的重要因素之一，营养知识水平是合理膳食行为的重要影响因素。
《中国居民营养与慢性病状况报告（2020年）》显示，西部学生在食物认知水平上表现不佳。本次调查结果显示，2023—2024年四川省学龄儿童营养健康知识知晓率为32.97%，四川省学龄儿童青少年营养健康知识知晓率处于一个较低的水平。究其原因可能是四川属于西部省份，经济、教育水平相对较低。教育水平较低的地区，由于健康知识普及不足，儿童青少年可能缺乏必要的健康行为指导，增加患病可能性[11]。
四川省不同年龄组别的学龄儿童中营养健康知晓率随着年龄和水化水平的提高逐渐递减，年级越低学生营养健康知识知晓率越高。从各知识维度的得分看，每个知识维度小学低年级组得分率最高、高中组得分率最低。四川省低年级学生营养知识得分较高及营养健康知晓率较高的很大的原因可能是自2023年起四川省开始实施食育普及相关。各知识维度得分率仅小学低年级学生均在80%以上；小学高年级仅食品安全一个维度得分率达到80%；初中组和高中组各个维度得分率均在75%以下；各个维度中每个年龄组膳食推荐维度得分率均为最低。通过以上比较可以看出，四川省学龄儿童不仅存在知识水平不全面的情况，各年龄组别学龄儿童存在的问题还互有不同。提示在进行营养健康教育过程中，应着力于解决不同的营养知识问题和短板，提高整体知识水平。
中小学食育校本课程开发主要从学生个体、实践技能和社会关系三个层面着力设计[12]。本次调查数据显示，四川省学龄儿童家中自己做饭的比例仅占5.00%。在实践技能方面，四川省绝大部分学龄儿童达不到食育校本课程的相应要求。
学龄儿童营养素养越高其作出正确营养相关决策的能力也越强，进而导致体质健康状况也越好[13]。四川省学龄儿童营养健康知识知晓率为32.97%，处于一个较低的水平，且存在城乡差异。在加强全省营养健康相关知识教育的同时，加大农村地区宣传力度，全面提升学龄儿童营养健康素养，改善其不良生活方式。
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参考文献 引证文献
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2025年第52卷第19期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202504318
  • 接收时间：2025-04-21
  • 首发时间：2026-03-17
  • 出版时间：2025-10-10
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  • 收稿日期：2025-04-21
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    四川省疾病预防控制中心，四川 成都 610041
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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