Article(id=1240722568123052128, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240722566957027366, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202504229, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1744560000000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-14, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773740911750, onlineDateStr=2026-03-17, pubDate=1760025600000, pubDateStr=2025-10-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773740911750, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773740911750, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773740911750, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240722566957027366, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='19', pageStart='3457', pageEnd='3648', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1773740911472, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773740981732, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1240722861736906836, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240722566957027366, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1240722861736906837, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240722566957027366, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3515, endPage=3520, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240722568357933153, articleId=1240722568123052128, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Analysis and forecast of the burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus attributable to low physical activity in China from 1990 to 2021, columnId=1240413921954295836, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Epidemiology and Statistical Methods, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To describe the burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus attributable to low physical activity in China from 1990 to 2021 and to predict its trend between 2022 and 2035, and to provide a basis for the formulation of related prevention and control policies. Methods According to the relevant data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021, the burden of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and mortality for type 2 diabetes mellitus attributable to low physical activity were comparatively analyzed in China and globally using the Estimated Annual Percentage Change (EAPC). Changes in DALYs and mortality burden in China were analyzed using decomposition analysis, and trends were predicted by a Bayesian age-period-cohort model. Results Compared with 1990, DALYs, mortality, age-standardized DALYs rate (ASDR), and age-standardized mortality rate(ASMR) for type 2 diabetes mellitus attributable to low physical activity increased in China in 2021, and the burden was lower than the global level. The EAPC values for ASDR and ASMR in China were 0.63% and 0.02%, respectively, indicating stable trends. Older adults and females experienced a more severe burden. Aging and population growth were significant driving factors for changes in the burden of DALYs and mortality in China. It was predicted that from 2022 to 2035,ASDR for males and females in China would show an upward trend, with ASMR exhibiting a downward trend. Conclusion To reduce the burden of type 2 diabetes attributable to low physical activity, more proactive and comprehensive interventions should be developed to increase the level of physical activity in the entire population, especially for older adults and females.

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目的 描述1990—2021年中国归因于低体力活动的2型糖尿病负担并预测其2022—2035年的变化趋势,为相关防治政策的制定提供依据。方法 根据2021年全球疾病负担研究的相关数据,利用估计年度百分比变化(estimated annual percentage change,EAPC)对比分析中国和全球归因于低体力活动的2型糖尿病的伤残调整生命年(disability-adjusted life years,DALYs)和死亡负担,对中国DALYs和死亡负担变化进行分解分析,并使用贝叶斯年龄-时期-队列模型预测趋势。结果 相较于1990年,2021年中国因低体力活动导致的2型糖尿病的DALYs、死亡数、年龄标化DALYs率(age-standardized DALYs rate,ASDR)和年龄标化死亡率(age-standardized mortality rate,ASMR)均有所增加,负担低于全球水平。中国ASDR和ASMR的EAPC值分别为0.63%和0.02%,其变化趋势趋于稳定。老年人和女性的负担更为严重。老龄化和人口增长是中国DALYs和死亡负担变化的重要驱动因素。经预测,2022—2035年中国男、女性的ASDR呈现上升趋势,ASMR则呈现下降趋势。结论 为减轻低体力活动导致的2型糖尿病负担,应采取更积极的综合干预措施提高全民体力活动水平,尤其是针对老年人和女性。

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严金海,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=fF+qUBjDooGkvyJ1xRl3MQ==, magXml=pQc/KH7HUWeUaveGtTmaRw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=plVOWak9i4y+ELfoWraqrA==, pdfFileSize=8870292, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=7On2tdCzzoDExiAewcntqw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=yAju5uqBsFp0ufmL8FGwlA==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

李宣达(1991—),男,硕士,讲师,研究方向:运动医学相关疾病负担研究

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李宣达(1991—),男,硕士,讲师,研究方向:运动医学相关疾病负担研究

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李宣达(1991—),男,硕士,讲师,研究方向:运动医学相关疾病负担研究

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China Rural Health, 2024, 16(8): 5-8.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Circular on the issuance of the implementation plan for the healthy China initiative - diabetes prevention and control action (2024-2030), refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1240933497666327002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240722568123052128, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240933497670521307, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240722568123052128, companyId=1240933497666327002, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Department of Liberal Education, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240933497678909916, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240722568123052128, companyId=1240933497666327002, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=南方医科大学通识教育部,广东 广州 510000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1240933499545375309, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240722568123052128, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Age-standardized DALY rates and age-standardized mortality rates of overall and risk-factor-attributable type 2 diabetes mellitus in China, 1990—2021, figureFileSmall=gZlp2hq/6EqpS4YR/yN1iw==, figureFileBig=6oCaexwDV1QjJC9Id3zmlg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240933499629261396, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240722568123052128, language=CN, label=图1, caption=1990—2021年中国总体和归因于各危险因素的2型糖尿病年龄标化DALYs率和年龄标化死亡率

注:图A为年龄标化DALYs率的变化趋势;图B为年龄标化死亡率的变化趋势。

, figureFileSmall=gZlp2hq/6EqpS4YR/yN1iw==, figureFileBig=6oCaexwDV1QjJC9Id3zmlg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240933499734119006, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240722568123052128, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=DALYs, age-standardized DALY rates, mortality and age-standardized mortality rates of type 2 diabetes mellitus attributable to low physical activity by sex and age group in China, 2021, figureFileSmall=i8Y6mhy6IWmCXfPCh8+Rcg==, figureFileBig=sYiijMOQb8iHe3Pqx61amw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240933499826393703, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240722568123052128, language=CN, label=图2, caption=2021年中国按性别划分的不同年龄组归因于低体力活动的2型糖尿病DALYs、年龄标化DALYs率、死亡数和年龄标化死亡率

注:图A为不同性别和年龄组的DALYs和年龄标化DALYs率;图B为不同性别和年龄组的死亡数和年龄标化死亡率。

, figureFileSmall=i8Y6mhy6IWmCXfPCh8+Rcg==, figureFileBig=sYiijMOQb8iHe3Pqx61amw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240933499952222826, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240722568123052128, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Decomposition analysis of changes in DALYs and deaths of type 2 diabetes mellitus attributable to low physical activity in China, figureFileSmall=BpUxnMLogJiiEV2+aQsXIw==, figureFileBig=tiNIeKUqVPz64cLFdck5Cg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240933500040303216, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240722568123052128, language=CN, label=图3, caption=中国归因于低体力活动的2型糖尿病DALYs和死亡数变化的分解分析

注:图A为DALYs的分解分析;图B为死亡数的分解分析。

, figureFileSmall=BpUxnMLogJiiEV2+aQsXIw==, figureFileBig=tiNIeKUqVPz64cLFdck5Cg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240933500145160817, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240722568123052128, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Forecast of age-standardized DALY rates and age-standardized mortality rates of type 2 diabetes mellitus attributable to low physical activity in China, figureFileSmall=vmVA36GfT7Syw1ygjYVZsw==, figureFileBig=6gLx2FMD99B2GrcWFuWXTQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240933500224852598, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240722568123052128, language=CN, label=图4, caption=中国归因于低体力活动的2型糖尿病年龄标化DALYs率和年龄标化死亡率的预测

注:图A、B分别为男、女性年龄标化DALYs率预测分析;图C、D分别为男、女性年龄标化死亡率预测分析。

, figureFileSmall=vmVA36GfT7Syw1ygjYVZsw==, figureFileBig=6gLx2FMD99B2GrcWFuWXTQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240933500350681724, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240722568123052128, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Disease burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus attributable to low physical activity in China and globally, 1990—2021

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
DALYs死亡
1990年2021年1990年2021年
数量年龄标化率数量年龄标化率EAPC 数量年龄标化率数量年龄标化率EAPC
(95% UI)(/10万,
95% UI)
(95% UI)(/10万,
95% UI)
(95% CI)(95% UI)(/10万, 95% UI)(95% UI)(/10万,
95% UI)
(95% CI)
全球1 755 081.5946.065 523 050.3264.271.08%55 801.391.64149 213.771.800.31%
(756 858.62~2 694 173.44)(19.90~70.69)(2 407 128.15~8 638 534.85)(28.01~100.49)(-1.03%~3.23%)(24 048.92~85 577.17)(0.71~2.51)(65 193.59~228 317.89)(0.79~2.75)(-0.29%~0.91%)
中国234 966.1630.12757 445.4836.540.63%5 532.070.8917 106.390.900.02%
(99 510.02~371 960.19)(12.64~46.95)(327 374.89~1 219 478.84)(15.85~58.04)(-0.6%~1.86%)(2 274.51~8 709.07)(0.37~1.40)(7 495.19~28 029.00)(0.40~1.47)(-0.02%~0.07%)
), ArticleFig(id=1240933500468122243, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240722568123052128, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

1990—2021年中国和全球归因于低体力活动的2型糖尿病疾病负担状况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
DALYs死亡
1990年2021年1990年2021年
数量年龄标化率数量年龄标化率EAPC 数量年龄标化率数量年龄标化率EAPC
(95% UI)(/10万,
95% UI)
(95% UI)(/10万,
95% UI)
(95% CI)(95% UI)(/10万, 95% UI)(95% UI)(/10万,
95% UI)
(95% CI)
全球1 755 081.5946.065 523 050.3264.271.08%55 801.391.64149 213.771.800.31%
(756 858.62~2 694 173.44)(19.90~70.69)(2 407 128.15~8 638 534.85)(28.01~100.49)(-1.03%~3.23%)(24 048.92~85 577.17)(0.71~2.51)(65 193.59~228 317.89)(0.79~2.75)(-0.29%~0.91%)
中国234 966.1630.12757 445.4836.540.63%5 532.070.8917 106.390.900.02%
(99 510.02~371 960.19)(12.64~46.95)(327 374.89~1 219 478.84)(15.85~58.04)(-0.6%~1.86%)(2 274.51~8 709.07)(0.37~1.40)(7 495.19~28 029.00)(0.40~1.47)(-0.02%~0.07%)
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1990—2021年中国归因于低体力活动的2型糖尿病负担分析及预测
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李宣达 , 严金海
现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2025,52(19): 3515-3520
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现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2025, 52(19): 3515-3520
1990—2021年中国归因于低体力活动的2型糖尿病负担分析及预测
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李宣达, 严金海
作者信息
  • 南方医科大学通识教育部,广东 广州 510000
  • 李宣达(1991—),男,硕士,讲师,研究方向:运动医学相关疾病负担研究

通讯作者:

严金海,E-mail:
Analysis and forecast of the burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus attributable to low physical activity in China from 1990 to 2021
Xuan-da LI, Jin-hai YAN
Affiliations
  • Department of Liberal Education, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China
出版时间: 2025-10-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202504229
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目的 描述1990—2021年中国归因于低体力活动的2型糖尿病负担并预测其2022—2035年的变化趋势,为相关防治政策的制定提供依据。方法 根据2021年全球疾病负担研究的相关数据,利用估计年度百分比变化(estimated annual percentage change,EAPC)对比分析中国和全球归因于低体力活动的2型糖尿病的伤残调整生命年(disability-adjusted life years,DALYs)和死亡负担,对中国DALYs和死亡负担变化进行分解分析,并使用贝叶斯年龄-时期-队列模型预测趋势。结果 相较于1990年,2021年中国因低体力活动导致的2型糖尿病的DALYs、死亡数、年龄标化DALYs率(age-standardized DALYs rate,ASDR)和年龄标化死亡率(age-standardized mortality rate,ASMR)均有所增加,负担低于全球水平。中国ASDR和ASMR的EAPC值分别为0.63%和0.02%,其变化趋势趋于稳定。老年人和女性的负担更为严重。老龄化和人口增长是中国DALYs和死亡负担变化的重要驱动因素。经预测,2022—2035年中国男、女性的ASDR呈现上升趋势,ASMR则呈现下降趋势。结论 为减轻低体力活动导致的2型糖尿病负担,应采取更积极的综合干预措施提高全民体力活动水平,尤其是针对老年人和女性。

低体力活动  /  2型糖尿病  /  疾病负担  /  预测

Objective To describe the burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus attributable to low physical activity in China from 1990 to 2021 and to predict its trend between 2022 and 2035, and to provide a basis for the formulation of related prevention and control policies. Methods According to the relevant data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021, the burden of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and mortality for type 2 diabetes mellitus attributable to low physical activity were comparatively analyzed in China and globally using the Estimated Annual Percentage Change (EAPC). Changes in DALYs and mortality burden in China were analyzed using decomposition analysis, and trends were predicted by a Bayesian age-period-cohort model. Results Compared with 1990, DALYs, mortality, age-standardized DALYs rate (ASDR), and age-standardized mortality rate(ASMR) for type 2 diabetes mellitus attributable to low physical activity increased in China in 2021, and the burden was lower than the global level. The EAPC values for ASDR and ASMR in China were 0.63% and 0.02%, respectively, indicating stable trends. Older adults and females experienced a more severe burden. Aging and population growth were significant driving factors for changes in the burden of DALYs and mortality in China. It was predicted that from 2022 to 2035,ASDR for males and females in China would show an upward trend, with ASMR exhibiting a downward trend. Conclusion To reduce the burden of type 2 diabetes attributable to low physical activity, more proactive and comprehensive interventions should be developed to increase the level of physical activity in the entire population, especially for older adults and females.

Low physical activity  /  Type 2 diabetes mellitus  /  Disease burden  /  Forecast
李宣达, 严金海. 1990—2021年中国归因于低体力活动的2型糖尿病负担分析及预测. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (19) : 3515 -3520 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202504229
Xuan-da LI, Jin-hai YAN. Analysis and forecast of the burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus attributable to low physical activity in China from 1990 to 2021[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (19) : 3515 -3520 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202504229
2型糖尿病是一种慢性代谢性疾病,其主要的特征是胰腺β细胞功能障碍和胰岛素抵抗[1]。根据全球疾病负担(global burden of disease, GBD)研究的相关报告,2021年中国2型糖尿病的死亡数以及相应的伤残调整生命年(disability-adjusted life years, DALYs)分别达到17.45万和1 146.50万[2],这些数据凸显出该疾病造成的严重疾病负担。
低体力活动不仅是2型糖尿病、心血管疾病和结肠癌等在内的多种非传染性疾病的危险因素,还会缩短预期寿命[3]。先前研究表明,1990—2021年全球归因于低体力活动的2型糖尿病负担显著增加,尤其是在中低和中等社会人口指数的地区[4-5]。而当前针对中国由低体力活动引起的2型糖尿病的负担和趋势的研究相对有限,以往研究仅在部分内容中描述该危险因素对未区分类型的糖尿病的影响[2,6],亟待开展详细的分析和探究。根据GBD 2021研究提供的相关数据,本研究对比分析了中国和全球归因于低体力活动的2型糖尿病的死亡和DALYs负担及变化趋势,并对中国相应的负担进行分解分析和预测分析,为缓解负担和开展预防行动提供理论基础。
本研究所使用的数据均来源于GBD 2021研究,该研究评估了204个国家和地区以及811个次国家级地区的371种疾病和伤害以及88种危险因素引起的健康损伤[7-8]。评估研究期间内中国归因于低体力活动的2型糖尿病负担的原始数据来源于全国调查、已发表的文献、全国疾病监测系统和死因报告系统等[7]。本研究所使用的数据均通过GBD 2021研究的在线结果查询工具(https://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-results/)下载获得,提取数据时选择“Estimate”为“Risk factor”,“Risk”为“Low physical activity”,“Cause”为“Diabetes mellitus type 2”,“Age”为“All ages”,“Age-standardized”和“25~29、30~34……90-94、95+”在内的15个年龄组,“Location”为“China”和“Global”,“Year”为“1990—2021”。相关的疾病指标包括DALYs、死亡数、年龄标化DALYs率(age-standardized DALYs rate, ASDR)和年龄标化死亡率(age-standardized mortality rate, ASMR)以及相应的95%不确定性区间(uncertainty interval, UI)。同时,获取了1990—2021年中国总的2型糖尿病和归因于其他6种危险因素(空气污染、高体重指数、高酒精使用、饮食因素、非最佳温度、烟草使用)的2型糖尿病的ASDR和ASMR。
在GBD 2021研究中,2型糖尿病被定义为空腹血糖浓度≥126 mg/dl(≥7 mmol/L),或接受胰岛素或糖尿病药物治疗[9]。低体力活动则被定义为每周在所有生活领域的活动少于3 600至4 400的总代谢当量分钟,总代谢当量是工作代谢率与静息代谢率的比值[8]。
描述1990—2021年中国总体2型糖尿病以及归因于低体力活动和其他6种危险因素的2型糖尿病的ASDR和ASMR趋势变化。对比分析1990年及2021年中国和全球由低体力活动引起的2型糖尿病的DALYs和死亡负担状况,利用估计年度百分比变化(estimated annual percentage change,EAPC)明确其变化趋势。EAPC及其95%置信区间(confidence interval, CI)由线性回归模型计算得到,用于描述研究期间内年龄标化率(age-standardized rate, ASR)的趋势。当EAPC及其95% CI下限均为正值时,表示ASR呈现上升趋势;而EAPC及其95% CI上限均为负值时,表示ASR呈现下降趋势;包含零的95% CI则表示ASR呈现稳定趋势[10]。同时,本研究按性别和年龄组分层对2021年中国相应负担进行分析。
为探究1990—2021年中国归因于低体力活动的2型糖尿病DALYs和死亡变化的推动因素,本研究按性别对上述负担变化进行人口增长、老龄化和流行病学变化三个维度的分解分析,且先前研究已阐述分解分析的具体方法[11]。在数据可视化得到的图形中,黑色圆点表示由各因素导致的负担变化的总和,且各因素正值的大小表明归因于该因素的负担相应增加;负值的大小表明归因于该因素的负担相应减少[12]
为避免传统贝叶斯模型引入的各项技术问题,贝叶斯年龄-时期-队列(Bayesian age-period-cohort,BAPC)模型与集成嵌套拉普拉斯近似(integrated nested laplace approximations, INLA)相结合可有效提高疾病预测的准确性[13]。本研究使用R studio软件(版本4.4.1)中的R包BAPC(版本0.0.36)和INLA(版本24.06.27)构建模型,预测2022—2035年中国因低体力活动导致的2型糖尿病的DALYs和死亡负担的变化趋势。
1990—2021年中国总体的2型糖尿病的ASDR呈现上升趋势,见图1A,而ASMR呈现先上升后下降的趋势,见图1B。在纳入的所有归因危险因素中,高体重指数引起的2型糖尿病的各年份ASDR和ASMR均为最高。尽管与其他危险因素相比,归因于低体力活动的2型糖尿病负担排名靠后,但2021年低体力活动所致的ASDR和ASMR较1990年有所增加。
表1所示,相较于1990年,2021年中国和全球归因于低体力活动的2型糖尿病的DALYs和死亡数均有所增加,且中国相应的涨幅(222.36%和209.22%)均高于全球。此外,2021年全球和中国的ASDR分别为64.27/10万和36.54/10万,ASMR分别为1.80/10万和0.90/10万,所有数值全部高于1990年。1990—2021年中国归因于低体力活动的2型糖尿病的ASDR和ASMR的EAPC均低于全球,其计算值分别为0.63%(95% CI: -0.6% ~ 1.86%)和0.02%(95%CI: -0.02% ~ 0.07%)。
中国女性归因于低体力活动的2型糖尿病的DALYs在所有年龄组内全部高于男性,且二者DALYs均在70~74岁年龄组达到最高值,分别为49 149.41及80 420.17,见图2A。整体来看,男、女性的ASDR随年龄增加而上涨,且分别于90~94岁年龄组(518.28/10万)和80~84岁年龄组(417.62/10万)升至峰值,男性ASDR在绝大多数年龄组内低于女性。除30~39岁年龄组外,女性死亡数在其余年龄组内均超越男性,见图2B。类似地是,两性的ASMR总体上随年龄而攀升,女性ASMR在85岁以下的年龄组内高于男性。
图3展现了中国归因于低体力活动的2型糖尿病的DALYs和死亡数增加的分解分析结果。人口增长、老龄化以及流行病学变化分别占DALYs增加的47.10%、36.71%和16.19%。人口增长和老龄化也是死亡数上升的主要驱动因素,占比分别为36.71%和51.46%,而流行病学变化则对死亡数变化产生了相反的影响。性别方面,人口增长是男、女性DALYs增加的首要因素,其次是老龄化。促使男、女性死亡数增加的主导因素分别是老龄化和人口增长,而流行病学变化则在一定程度上抵消了增加趋势。
经预测,2022—2035年中国男、女性归因于低体力活动的2型糖尿病的ASDR均呈现上升趋势,且女性每年的ASDR均高于男性。2025、2030和2035年女性ASDR的预测值分别为80.79/10万、87.33/10万和97.79/10万,男性分别为61.89/10万、70.52/10万和83.34/10万,见图4A、B。相反,预测期间男、女性的ASMR将呈现逐年下降的趋势,且自2032年起,男性的年龄ASMR开始略高于女性,见图4C、D。2035年男、女性ASMR的预测值分别为1.54/10万和1.47/10万。
本研究揭示了中国归因于低体力活动的2型糖尿病负担的最新状况。尽管EAPC的95% CI涵盖零,提示研究期间内中国由低体力活动导致的2型糖尿病ASDR和ASMR整体保持稳定,但DALYs与死亡数的增幅已超过全球平均水平,这表明相应的疾病负担仍在加剧。该负担同时呈现一定的年龄和性别差异,即老年人和女性群体承受的负担更为突出。通过分解分析与预测分析,本研究进一步阐明了该疾病负担的当前驱动因素及未来变化模式。这些发现强调了采取积极干预措施提升人群体力活动水平对减轻2型糖尿病负担的重要性。
本研究发现,在绝大多数年龄组内,中国女性归因于低体力活动的2型糖尿病的DLAYs、死亡数、ASDR和ASMR均高于男性。包括中国在内的全球大多数国家,15岁及以上的男性缺乏体力活动的程度要低于女性[14]。一项针对中国成年人基于加速度计的身体活动水平研究显示,男性的高强度、中高强度和中等强度的体力活动均明显多于女性[15]。而体力活动可以改善葡萄糖摄取并提升胰岛素敏感性,有利于预防包括2型糖尿病在内的多种疾病[16],这可能是中国男性低体力活动引起的2型糖尿病负担相对更轻的原因。此外,实施干预措施以缩小闲暇时间缺乏身体活动方面的性别差距,可能产生重要的健康效果[17],这可能带来减少2型糖尿病负担的性别差异的益处。
本研究结果显示,中国男、女性由低体力活动所致的2型糖尿病的ASDR和ASMR随年龄增加而上升,且DALYs和死亡数的峰值均出现在老年阶段,这表明老年人的负担更为严重。此外,本研究表明老龄化是DALYs和死亡负担增加的重要驱动因素之一。中国于2000年步入老年型社会,2020年65岁及以上人口占比已达13.50%[18]。一项利用GBD 2019数据库的研究表明,人口老龄化可能加重了中国2型糖尿病的死亡负担[19]。现有研究证实,体力活动随年龄增长而下降,多巴胺释放减少或多巴胺受体丧失可能是与年龄相关的体力活动减少的生物学基础[20]。这一定程度上解释了中国老年人因低体力活动导致的2型糖尿病负担更严重。一项基于中国老年健康调查数据的研究显示,经常锻炼身体的老年人,患糖尿病的风险更低[21]。因此,倡导中国老年人在相应的公共卫生政策体系的支持下,适当提高自身体力活动水平,以此有效减轻2型糖尿病负担和促进老龄化健康。
本研究的预测结果表明,中国男、女性归因于低体力活动的2型糖尿病的ASDR在2022—2035年间呈现上升趋势,提示相应负担在未来存在加重的可能性。中国城市化进程加快,久坐工作的增加和体力活动的减少会促使胰岛素抵抗,进而增加糖尿病的风险[22]。且纵向数据分析表明,闲暇时间体力活动的减少与中国成年人的超重和肥胖相关联[23],而肥胖也是糖尿病的重要危险因素。中国经济未来的发展伴随着生活方式的进一步转变,可能加剧了因低体力活动引起的DALYs负担。此外,预计到2050年,中国老年人口规模将攀升至 3.66亿[24],老龄化程度的不断加深可能也是上述结果的原因之一。值得注意的是,2010—2018年中国成年人体力活动不足呈现上升趋势[25]。为避免这一趋势在未来继续恶化,亟需采取促进体力活动的针对性干预措施[26],同时积极应对经济不平等可能导致的体力活动差异[27],提升全民的体力活动水平以缓解相应的2型糖尿病负担。本研究也发现,预测期间男、女性的ASMR呈现下降趋势。《健康中国行动—糖尿病防治行动实施方案(2024—2030年)》提出各项有力举措[28],该方案的贯彻落实可能是上述预测趋势下降的原因。
中国由低体力活动引起的2型糖尿病负担不断加重,应注重性别和年龄差异,采取更有针对性的综合干预措施,构建有效的防治体系,增强公民对提升体力活动水平必要性的认知,切实减轻相应的疾病负担。
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2025年第52卷第19期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202504229
  • 接收时间:2025-04-14
  • 首发时间:2026-03-17
  • 出版时间:2025-10-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-04-14
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    南方医科大学通识教育部,广东 广州 510000

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
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