Article(id=1240722567510675495, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240722566957027366, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202503134, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1741622400000, receivedDateStr=2025-03-11, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773740911605, onlineDateStr=2026-03-17, pubDate=1760025600000, pubDateStr=2025-10-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773740911605, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773740911605, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773740911605, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240722566957027366, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='19', pageStart='3457', pageEnd='3648', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1773740911472, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773740981732, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1240722861736906836, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240722566957027366, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1240722861736906837, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240722566957027366, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3643, endPage=3648, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240722567787499561, articleId=1240722567510675495, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Validity and reliability of the core competences evaluation index system for the doctor of public health, columnId=1240375111455404044, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Talent Development, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To empirically study the core competences evaluation index system for the doctor of public health (DrPH) in China, and to test its discriminant ability, reliability and validity. Methods This study designed the corresponding questionnaire in March 2025. The stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 200 doctors of public health who were enrolled from 2021 to 2024 to conduct a questionnaire survey in China. Cronbach’s α coefficient was used to assess reliability.Pearson correlation analysis assessed internal consistency. T test and F test assessed discriminant validity. Exploratory factor analysis assessed structural validity. Results A total of 189 questionnaires were retrieved. There were 189 valid questionnaires.The effective rate of questionnaire was 100%. The overall Cronbach’s α coefficient of the ability evaluation index system was 0.969, the Cronbach’s α coefficient of the basic knowledge dimension was 0.691, and the Cronbach’s α coefficient of other dimensions were above 0.8. The correlation coefficient between each dimension and the total score was between 0.5 and 0.9.There were statistically significant differences in core competence scores of public health doctors in different grades, public health practitioner certificates, public health practice experience and parents’ occupations (P<0.05). KMO value was 0.916,Bartlett’s spherical test value P<0.001, six common factors were extracted, and the total contribution rate of factor variance was 69.9%. Common factors could basically reflect the core concepts and main dimensions of the evaluation index system for the core competence of doctors in public health. Conclusion The core competences evaluation index system for the DrPH demonstrates good reliability and validity, indicating that it can serve as a tool for the training, evaluation, and assessment of the core competences for the DrPH.

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目的 对国内公共卫生博士核心能力评价指标体系开展实证研究,检验了区分度、信度和效度。方法 2025年3月,设计相应调查问卷,运用分层整群抽样方法抽取国内2021—2024年入学的在读公共卫生博士200人开展调查,采用Cronbach α系数考察信度,Pearson相关分析量表内部一致性,T/F检验考察区分效度,探索性因子分析考察结构效度。结果 回收问卷189份,有效问卷为189份,问卷有效率为100%;能力评价指标体系的整体Cronbach α系数为0.969,基本知识维度的Cronbach α系数为0.691,其他维度的Cronbach α系数均在0.8以上,各维度与总分的相关系数在0.5~0.9之间;不同年级、是否具有公共卫生执业医师资格证、公共卫生从业经验、父母职业不同的公共卫生博士核心能力得分的差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);KMO值为0.916,Bartlett球形检验值P<0.001,提取6个公因子,因子方差总的贡献率为69.9%,公因子基本可反映公共卫生博士核心能力评价指标体系的核心概念和主要维度。结论 公共卫生博士核心能力评价指标体系具有较高的信度和效度,可作为公共卫生博士核心能力培养、评价和考核的工具。

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赵莉,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=mNeePUdk5uvheah89tdvQQ==, magXml=lfP/KzWxOeK6Y1jM/WcdrA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=QKMmiUXd0KGOsHnqrDyMfg==, pdfFileSize=654297, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=ywxiscapl+bf+gMc0ZulEg==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

黄倩(1979-),女,博士,副教授,研究方向:医学高等教育、大学生思想政治教育、劳动卫生与环境卫生学

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黄倩(1979-),女,博士,副教授,研究方向:医学高等教育、大学生思想政治教育、劳动卫生与环境卫生学

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Study on the path of improving the practical ability of master of public health based on qualitative comparative analysis of fuzzy sets[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024, 51(7): 1338-1344.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Study on the path of improving the practical ability of master of public health based on qualitative comparative analysis of fuzzy sets, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240933508185641053, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240722567510675495, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=21, pageStart=162, pageEnd=165, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[35], rfOrder=60, authorNames=井乐刚, 满朝来, 刘玉芬, journalName=黑龙江畜牧兽医, refType=null, unstructuredReference=井乐刚,满朝来,刘玉芬,等.硕士研究生科研能力培养的探索与实践[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医2020,(21):162-165., articleTitle=硕士研究生科研能力培养的探索与实践, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240933508290498666, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240722567510675495, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=21, pageStart=162, pageEnd=165, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[35], rfOrder=61, authorNames=Jing LG, Man CL, Liu YF, journalName=Heilongjiang Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Jing LG, Man CL, Liu YF, et al. Exploration and practice of cultivating scientific research capabilities of master's students[J]. Heilongjiang Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, 2020, (21): 162-165.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Exploration and practice of cultivating scientific research capabilities of master's students, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240933508395356273, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240722567510675495, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=42, issue=15, pageStart=11, pageEnd=14, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[36], rfOrder=62, authorNames=权晓杰, 李静, journalName=卫生职业教育, refType=null, unstructuredReference=权晓杰, 李静.学科交叉融合背景下公共卫生与预防医学研究生培养模式探索[J].卫生职业教育202442(15):11-14., articleTitle=学科交叉融合背景下公共卫生与预防医学研究生培养模式探索, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240933508529574009, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240722567510675495, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=42, issue=15, pageStart=11, pageEnd=14, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[36], rfOrder=63, authorNames=Quan XJ, Li J, journalName=Health Vocational Education, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Quan XJ, Li J. Exploration on training model for graduates in public health and preventive medicine under the background of interdisciplinary integration[J]. 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Internal consistency evaluation of the core competency assessment scale for the doctor of public health

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
维度条目数Cronbach α
系数
删去该维度
后Cronbach α
系数
与总分的
相关系数
专业精神80.8780.9710.542**
基本知识20.6910.9680.736**
科研能力70.9460.9600.832**
实践能力160.9560.9450.871**
学习能力20.8470.9670.773**
领导能力40.8980.9650.804**
专业素养50.8610.9670.770**
), ArticleFig(id=1240933500262601337, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240722567510675495, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

DrPH核心能力评价量表内部一致性评价

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
维度条目数Cronbach α
系数
删去该维度
后Cronbach α
系数
与总分的
相关系数
专业精神80.8780.9710.542**
基本知识20.6910.9680.736**
科研能力70.9460.9600.832**
实践能力160.9560.9450.871**
学习能力20.8470.9670.773**
领导能力40.8980.9650.804**
专业素养50.8610.9670.770**
), ArticleFig(id=1240933500413596285, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240722567510675495, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Comparison of core competency scores for the doctor of public health with different characteristics

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征分组调查人数核心能力总分($\bar{x}±s$)T/FP
性别7884.05±11.67-0.0240.981
11184.09±10.39
年级博一8683.12±12.282.8620.025
博二5783.08±8.95
博三3888.70±8.96
博四474.53±3.48
其他484.36±15.69
就读方式全日制14283.28±11.88-1.7590.080
非全日制4786.49±6.76
是否有公卫执业医师资格证7687.24±8.263.3560.001
11381.95±11.94
是否有公共卫生从业经验4987.00±8.022.2030.029
14083.05±11.60
父母是否从事医疗卫生相关行业3088.99±8.912.7350.007
15983.15±11.02
), ArticleFig(id=1240933500518453894, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240722567510675495, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同特征DrPH的核心能力得分比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征分组调查人数核心能力总分($\bar{x}±s$)T/FP
性别7884.05±11.67-0.0240.981
11184.09±10.39
年级博一8683.12±12.282.8620.025
博二5783.08±8.95
博三3888.70±8.96
博四474.53±3.48
其他484.36±15.69
就读方式全日制14283.28±11.88-1.7590.080
非全日制4786.49±6.76
是否有公卫执业医师资格证7687.24±8.263.3560.001
11381.95±11.94
是否有公共卫生从业经验4987.00±8.022.2030.029
14083.05±11.60
父母是否从事医疗卫生相关行业3088.99±8.912.7350.007
15983.15±11.02
), ArticleFig(id=1240933500644283020, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240722567510675495, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Rotated component matrix of each factor in the core competence assessment scale for the doctor of public health

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
条目因子1因子2因子3因子4因子5因子6
掌握公共卫生与预防医学基础及专业学科知识0.545
掌握与公共卫生相关的基础医学、临床医学、交叉学科知识0.726
具有公共卫生领域原创能力(如新理论、新方法、新应用、新成果等)0.799
具有公共卫生发展趋势研判能力
运用历史思维和辩证思维来分析解决公共卫生领域问题的能力
0.793
0.844
能用系统观和整体观来考虑公共卫生体系、医疗体系和社会治理体系之间的关系0.802
能保持敏锐的公共卫生问题识别判断能力0.778
公共卫生问题的系统分析能力0.749
能用多种方法和路径解决公共卫生问题的处理能力0.682
具备优秀的公共卫生项目规划能力0.688
具备优秀的公共卫生项目实施能力0.572
具备优秀的公共卫生项目评估能力0.554
具有良好的健康管理能力0.419
具有良好的流行病学调查能力0.453
具有良好的健康需求评估能力0.475
具有敏锐的公共卫生事件风险评估能力0.604
具有敏锐的公共卫生事件判别能力0.546
具有敏锐的公共卫生事件现场处置能力0.588
具有敏锐的公共卫生事件防控能力0.543
具有扎实的卫生健康政策建议能力0.768
具有扎实的卫生健康政策方案研制能力0.771
具有扎实的卫生健康政策执行能力0.850
具有扎实的卫生健康政策效果评价能力0.816
具有利用大数据等现代信息技术采集、分析各种信息与数据,发现并解决公共卫生
问题的洞察力
0.669
运用信息化工具和信息管理系统软件实践和评估公共卫生政策、项目的能力0.694
具有终身学习力0.535
具有自主学习力0.631
具有人文关怀能力0.681
具有多元文化理解能力0.774
具有良好的职业操守0.736
具有良好的公共卫生相关法律法规素养0.633
具有良好的公共卫生伦理学、医学伦理学素养0.661
具备奉献精神0.714
履行维护和促进健康的崇高使命0.814
树立以健康为中心的理念0.736
以人民健康为中心,贯彻预防为主方针0.803
推进健康融入所有的政策0.767
坚持健康公平的理念0.762
具有卓越的组织管理能力0.650
具有从专业角度策划和动员卫生相关资源的能力0.491
具有突出的团队协作能力0.717
具有突出的沟通交流能力0.747
坚持学术诚信0.862
遵守学术规范0.864
), ArticleFig(id=1240933500774306449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240722567510675495, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

DrPH核心能力评价量表各因子旋转后的成分矩阵

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
条目因子1因子2因子3因子4因子5因子6
掌握公共卫生与预防医学基础及专业学科知识0.545
掌握与公共卫生相关的基础医学、临床医学、交叉学科知识0.726
具有公共卫生领域原创能力(如新理论、新方法、新应用、新成果等)0.799
具有公共卫生发展趋势研判能力
运用历史思维和辩证思维来分析解决公共卫生领域问题的能力
0.793
0.844
能用系统观和整体观来考虑公共卫生体系、医疗体系和社会治理体系之间的关系0.802
能保持敏锐的公共卫生问题识别判断能力0.778
公共卫生问题的系统分析能力0.749
能用多种方法和路径解决公共卫生问题的处理能力0.682
具备优秀的公共卫生项目规划能力0.688
具备优秀的公共卫生项目实施能力0.572
具备优秀的公共卫生项目评估能力0.554
具有良好的健康管理能力0.419
具有良好的流行病学调查能力0.453
具有良好的健康需求评估能力0.475
具有敏锐的公共卫生事件风险评估能力0.604
具有敏锐的公共卫生事件判别能力0.546
具有敏锐的公共卫生事件现场处置能力0.588
具有敏锐的公共卫生事件防控能力0.543
具有扎实的卫生健康政策建议能力0.768
具有扎实的卫生健康政策方案研制能力0.771
具有扎实的卫生健康政策执行能力0.850
具有扎实的卫生健康政策效果评价能力0.816
具有利用大数据等现代信息技术采集、分析各种信息与数据,发现并解决公共卫生
问题的洞察力
0.669
运用信息化工具和信息管理系统软件实践和评估公共卫生政策、项目的能力0.694
具有终身学习力0.535
具有自主学习力0.631
具有人文关怀能力0.681
具有多元文化理解能力0.774
具有良好的职业操守0.736
具有良好的公共卫生相关法律法规素养0.633
具有良好的公共卫生伦理学、医学伦理学素养0.661
具备奉献精神0.714
履行维护和促进健康的崇高使命0.814
树立以健康为中心的理念0.736
以人民健康为中心,贯彻预防为主方针0.803
推进健康融入所有的政策0.767
坚持健康公平的理念0.762
具有卓越的组织管理能力0.650
具有从专业角度策划和动员卫生相关资源的能力0.491
具有突出的团队协作能力0.717
具有突出的沟通交流能力0.747
坚持学术诚信0.862
遵守学术规范0.864
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公共卫生博士核心能力评价指标体系的信效度研究
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黄倩 1, 2 , 潘杰 1, 2 , 边雅豪 1 , 黄思琦 1 , 赵莉 1, 2
现代预防医学 | 人才培养 2025,52(19): 3643-3648
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现代预防医学 | 人才培养 2025, 52(19): 3643-3648
公共卫生博士核心能力评价指标体系的信效度研究
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黄倩1, 2, 潘杰1, 2, 边雅豪1, 黄思琦1, 赵莉1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院,四川 成都 610041
  • 2.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院健康新质生产力研究所,四川 成都 610041
  • 黄倩(1979-),女,博士,副教授,研究方向:医学高等教育、大学生思想政治教育、劳动卫生与环境卫生学

通讯作者:

赵莉,E-mail:
Validity and reliability of the core competences evaluation index system for the doctor of public health
Qian HUANG1, 2, Jie PAN1, 2, Ya-hao BIAN1, Si-qi HUANG1, Li ZHAO1, 2
Affiliations
  • West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
出版时间: 2025-10-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202503134
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目的 对国内公共卫生博士核心能力评价指标体系开展实证研究,检验了区分度、信度和效度。方法 2025年3月,设计相应调查问卷,运用分层整群抽样方法抽取国内2021—2024年入学的在读公共卫生博士200人开展调查,采用Cronbach α系数考察信度,Pearson相关分析量表内部一致性,T/F检验考察区分效度,探索性因子分析考察结构效度。结果 回收问卷189份,有效问卷为189份,问卷有效率为100%;能力评价指标体系的整体Cronbach α系数为0.969,基本知识维度的Cronbach α系数为0.691,其他维度的Cronbach α系数均在0.8以上,各维度与总分的相关系数在0.5~0.9之间;不同年级、是否具有公共卫生执业医师资格证、公共卫生从业经验、父母职业不同的公共卫生博士核心能力得分的差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);KMO值为0.916,Bartlett球形检验值P<0.001,提取6个公因子,因子方差总的贡献率为69.9%,公因子基本可反映公共卫生博士核心能力评价指标体系的核心概念和主要维度。结论 公共卫生博士核心能力评价指标体系具有较高的信度和效度,可作为公共卫生博士核心能力培养、评价和考核的工具。

公共卫生博士  /  核心能力  /  评价指标体系  /  信效度研究

Objective To empirically study the core competences evaluation index system for the doctor of public health (DrPH) in China, and to test its discriminant ability, reliability and validity. Methods This study designed the corresponding questionnaire in March 2025. The stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 200 doctors of public health who were enrolled from 2021 to 2024 to conduct a questionnaire survey in China. Cronbach’s α coefficient was used to assess reliability.Pearson correlation analysis assessed internal consistency. T test and F test assessed discriminant validity. Exploratory factor analysis assessed structural validity. Results A total of 189 questionnaires were retrieved. There were 189 valid questionnaires.The effective rate of questionnaire was 100%. The overall Cronbach’s α coefficient of the ability evaluation index system was 0.969, the Cronbach’s α coefficient of the basic knowledge dimension was 0.691, and the Cronbach’s α coefficient of other dimensions were above 0.8. The correlation coefficient between each dimension and the total score was between 0.5 and 0.9.There were statistically significant differences in core competence scores of public health doctors in different grades, public health practitioner certificates, public health practice experience and parents’ occupations (P<0.05). KMO value was 0.916,Bartlett’s spherical test value P<0.001, six common factors were extracted, and the total contribution rate of factor variance was 69.9%. Common factors could basically reflect the core concepts and main dimensions of the evaluation index system for the core competence of doctors in public health. Conclusion The core competences evaluation index system for the DrPH demonstrates good reliability and validity, indicating that it can serve as a tool for the training, evaluation, and assessment of the core competences for the DrPH.

Doctor of public health  /  Core competences  /  Evaluation index system  /  Validity and reliability
黄倩, 潘杰, 边雅豪, 黄思琦, 赵莉. 公共卫生博士核心能力评价指标体系的信效度研究. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (19) : 3643 -3648 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202503134
Qian HUANG, Jie PAN, Ya-hao BIAN, Si-qi HUANG, Li ZHAO. Validity and reliability of the core competences evaluation index system for the doctor of public health[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (19) : 3643 -3648 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202503134
《健康中国2030规划纲要》出台,我国愈加重视“以人民健康为中心”,加强疾病预防和健康促进。公共卫生人才培养是健康中国建设的重要基石和核心要素。2020年,习近平总书记指示加强疾控人才队伍建设,建立适应现代化疾控体系的人才培养使用机制,建设一批高水平公共卫生学院[1]。培养高层次应用型公共卫生人才是应对当前公共卫生挑战、推进健康中国建设的迫切需求,也是国家和社会发展的重要保障[2]。公共卫生博士(Doctor of Public Health,DrPH)作为高层次应用型公共卫生人才的最高学位,旨在培养具备国际视野、专业知识和实践能力的跨学科领导人才[3]。2020年,全国共计11所院校及机构获批教育部以DrPH人才培养为关键组成的高层次应用型公共卫生人才创新培养项目立项单位。2021年,我国部分公共卫生院校试点招收DrPH。2024年9月,教育部颁布了全国首批DrPH授权点名单,全国共有12所高校获批。关注并探索DrPH核心能力建设有助于解决我国公共卫生领域高层次人才短缺和质量不高的问题,缓解公共卫生人才供需矛盾现状,从人才战略视角提高公共卫生服务和治理体系质量,驱动新时代医防融合公共卫生教育发展[4]。目前,针对不同学科及不同培养类型的博士研究生,对其能力的相关研究集中于创新能力[5-7]、实践能力[8]和科研素养与能力[9-10]。部分文献[11-29]研究聚焦于中外DrPH人才培养的历史起源、培养目标、入学要求、师资队伍、研究领域设置、课程设置、实践和学术研究要求、毕业考核内容及方式等,但少有关注公共卫生博士核心能力。本研究以国内2021—2024年入学的在读公共卫生博士为研究对象,在构建公共卫生博士核心能力指标体系[30]的基础上开展实证研究,进一步论证指标体系的实用性和可靠性,对指标体系的区分度、信度和效度等进行检验。
目前,我国尚缺乏明确的DrPH核心能力评价指标,研究者在前期研究[30]中运用德尔菲法进行二轮专家咨询形成公共卫生博士核心能力评价指标体系,采用层次分析法确定各个指标的权重,建立了由7项一级指标、18项二级指标及48项三级指标构成的DrPH核心能力评价指标体系。本研究依据DrPH核心能力评价指标体系设计相应的调查量表,主要包括二个部分:第一部分为研究对象的基本信息,含性别、博士目前就读年级、就读方式、执业资格、公共卫生从业经验、父母是否从事医疗卫生相关行业;第二部分为DrPH核心能力评价,包括专业精神、基本知识、科研能力、实践能力、学习能力、领导能力、专业素养共44个条目,每个条目设置5个选项,根据Likert 5级评分法进行评分,每个选项按“非常不符合、比较不符合、一般符合、比较符合、非常符合”5个维度赋值1~5分。总分100分,分值越高则核心能力越强。
我国2021—2024年入学的在读公共卫生博士。纳入标准:(1)具有公共卫生博士相关的学术背景和教育程度;(2)获得知情同意。排除标准:(1)有严重疾病无法参与研究;(2)由于时间限制无法在规定时间内参与研究。研究得到四川大学华西公共卫生学院伦理委员会审查批准(No.Gwll2025048)。
2025年3月,采用分层整群抽样方法,根据东北、华北、华东、华中、华南、西北和西南七个大区,在每个大区各随机抽取一所综合性大学或医学院校,将该校全部在读的公共卫生博士作为研究对象。通过“问卷星”平台将评价量表发放至高校联系人开展调查。
排除前后逻辑性不一的无效问卷,采用EpiData 3.1软件录入,应用SPSS 23.0进行统计分析。采用频数(百分比)、(均数±标准差)描述调查对象的一般资料和问卷得分情况,采用Cronbach α系数考察信度,Pearson相关分析量表内部一致性,T/F检验考察区分效度,探索性因子分析考察结构效度,检验水准α=0.05。
本次发放调查问卷200份,回收问卷189份,有效问卷189份,问卷有效率100%。其中男性78人,女性111人,平均年龄为(28.25±4.24)岁。全日制学生142人(75.1%),非全日制学生47人(24.9%)。博士一年级学生86人(45.5%),博士二年级学生57人(30.2%),博士三年级学生38人(20.1%),博士四年级学生8人(4.2%)。76人(40.2%)有公共卫生执业医师资格证,113人(59.8%)不具备公共卫生执业医师资格证。46人(25.9%)具有公共卫生从业经验,140人(74.1%)不具有公共卫生从业经验。
采用Cronbach α系数评价量表的内部一致性,一般而言,α>0.8表示内部一致性极好,α在0.6~0.8表示内部一致性较好[31]。本研究量表总的Cronbach α系数为0.969,具有优秀的信度。在量表具体的维度上,基本知识维度的Cronbach α系数为0.691,其他维度的Cronbach α系数均在0.8以上,信度较优。各维度与总分的相关系数在0.5~0.9之间。见表1
不同年级、是否具有公共卫生执业医师资格证、公共卫生从业经验、父母职业不同的DrPH的核心能力得分不同,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),说明量表具有良好的区分效度。见表2
KMO值为0.916,Bartlett球形检验值P<0.001,说明该量表适合做因子分析。提取特征根>1的7个公因子,结合碎石图,最终确定6个公因子,因子方差总的贡献率为69.9%,运用最大方差进行因子旋转。通过与预设的量表理论维度对照后发现,因子分析提取出的公因子基本可以反映DrPH核心能力评价体系的核心概念和主要维度,包括学术道德、职业精神等的专业精神维度、公共卫生项目科研与实践能力、卫生健康政策研究能力、学习与专业素养能力和领导能力,说明该量表具有良好的信效度。见表3
本研究通过对我国7所高校DrPH的核心能力进行调查,评价DrPH核心能力评价指标体系的信效度。量表总的Cronbachα系数为0.969,各维度与总分的相关系数在0.5~0.9之间,各维度之间关联紧密,量表具有良好的信度。基础知识维度的内部一致性相对不高(Cronbach α系数为0.691),可能是因为该维度只有两个条目,加之我国院校具有多个DrPH培养方向,DrPH的主干课程培养注重流行病学、卫生统计学、劳动卫生与环境卫生学、卫生政策管理和社会行为科学,部分DrPH和MPH的本科就读于管理学、理学相关专业或其他非医学专业,对于临床医学、基础医学的知识了解不多,容易造成回答的差异性较大[26]
本研究通过T检验和F检验分析不同特征公共卫生博士核心能力的差异,研究结果显示,此量表具有较好的区分效度。公因子可反映公共卫生博士核心能力评价指标体系的核心概念和主要维度。研究表明当各条目的因子载荷大于0.4时,量表的结构效度较好。该量表中各条目的载荷都大于0.4,表明该量表结构效度良好[31]。但部分公因子与预设维度不同,卫生健康政策研究能力被在预设的维度中归为实践能力,因子分析结果并没有将其与其他实践能力归为一个公因子,这可能是因为卫生政策研究具有多学科交叉的性质,与流行病学等传统的公共卫生项目在研究方法、成果评价等方面相比较均有不同[32]。因此不能简单的归为一类,未来在量表的调整中应注意公共卫生学科内部的差异性。
因子分析结果显示,公共卫生博士核心能力评价量表在预设的基本知识、科研能力和实践能力维度上的区分不明显。这可能是因为理论知识、科研能力和实践能力三个维度之间存在相互影响的关系。第一,研究表明,加强理论知识可以有效增强公共卫生人才的实践能力[33],同时,实践也可以使理论知识得到深化,解决复杂的公共卫生问题。将不同的学科知识和学习方法进行学科融合,有助于DrPH更好地理解及应用基础与交叉学科知识,提高解决实际问题的能力。第二,科研能力中的分析判断与决策计划能力是提升实践能力的核心条件[34],通过在实践中发现并解决问题,有助于激发创新思维,进一步促进科研能力的提升。第三,合理的知识结构是研究生科研能力的基础[35],在科研过程中思考和探索新的研究方法与思路,有助于更好地理解和应用基础知识。DrPH在科研过程中通过与不同学科背景的人员合作,有助于拓宽学科视野,了解不同学科的理论和方法,从而提高交叉学科相关知识[36]。以上都反映了基础知识、科研能力与实践能力三者之间紧密关联。在今后的研究中,要对基础知识、科研能力和实践能力维度的条目进行调整,明确界定各维度核心能力的内涵,整合同类条目,在问题的设置上注意区分不同维度的概念。
综上,该DrPH核心能力评价量表具有良好的信度和效度。本研究也存在一定的不足之处,受实际条件的限制,调查样本量较小,有待进一步进行实证研究。
  • 2024—2026年四川省高等教育人才培养质量和教学改革项目(JG2024-0014)
  • 2022年度四川省科技计划项目(2022JDR0315)
  • 2024年四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院健康新质生产力研究所课题(HN240405A)
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2025年第52卷第19期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202503134
  • 接收时间:2025-03-11
  • 首发时间:2026-03-17
  • 出版时间:2025-10-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-03-11
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2024—2026年四川省高等教育人才培养质量和教学改革项目(JG2024-0014)
2022年度四川省科技计划项目(2022JDR0315)
2024年四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院健康新质生产力研究所课题(HN240405A)
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    1.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院,四川 成都 610041
    2.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院健康新质生产力研究所,四川 成都 610041

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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Percentage of
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种数
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Percentage of total
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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