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Article(id=1240651446492910414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240651438955754377, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202403417, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1711036800000, receivedDateStr=2024-03-22, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773723955033, onlineDateStr=2026-03-17, pubDate=1719244800000, pubDateStr=2024-06-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773723955033, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773723955033, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773723955033, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240651438955754377, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='12', pageStart='2113', pageEnd='2912', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773723953236, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773723953236, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2193, endPage=2197, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240651448002859877, articleId=1240651446492910414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Epidemiological characteristics of infant deaths due to perinatal diseases in China, 2012-2021, columnId=1228016568949474136, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Child and Adolescent health, Maternal and Child Health, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To understand the epidemiological characteristics and trends of infant deaths due to perinatal diseases in China from 2012 to 2021, in order to provide a reference for the development of related prevention measures and policies.

Methods

An epidemiological analysis was conducted on the data of infant deaths due to perinatal diseases from 0-year-old group in the "Chinese Cause of Death Surveillance Dataset" for the years 2012-2021. The average annual percent change (AAPC) in mortality rates was analyzed using the Joinpoint regression model.

Results

The overall mortality rate of infants due to perinatal diseases in China showed a downward trend from 2012 to 2021 (AAPC=-11.89, P<0.001). A declining trend was observed in both male and female infants, as well as urban and rural infants, with AAPCs of -11.73%, -11.98%, -18.70%, and -18.50%, respectively. There was a turning point in the trend for urban infants (APC=-5.20, P=0.124 for 2012-2016 and APC=-18.70, P<0.001 for 2016-2021). The annual average mortality rate due to perinatal diseases was higher in male infants (1.79 per thousand) than in female infants (1.36 per thousand) (χ2=776.474, P<0.001), and higher in rural infants (1.55 per thousand) than in urban infants (0.46 per thousand) (χ2=75.394, P<0.001). The overall mortality rates of "low birth weight, birth trauma and asphyxia, and others" showed a downward trend (AAPCs of -14.10%, -11.10%, and -9.60%, respectively, P<0.001), with differences between urban and rural areas observed in all three perinatal diseases (P<0.001 for each).

Conclusion

The mortality rate of infants due to perinatal diseases in China shows a general downward trend from 2012 to 2021, but the situation of deaths caused by perinatal diseases remains severe. The gap between urban and rural areas is significant, and priority should be given to the perinatal preventive health care of male infants and rural infants.

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目的

了解中国2012—2021年婴儿因围生期疾病死亡的流行特征及趋势，为相关预防措施和政策制定提供参考依据。

方法

对《中国死因监测数据集》中的2012—2021年 0岁组婴儿因围生期疾病死亡资料进行描述流行病学分析，采用Joinpoint回归模型分析死亡率的平均年度变化百分比(AAPC)。

结果

2012—2021年中国0岁组婴儿因围生期疾病死亡率总体呈下降趋势(AAPC=-11.89,P<0.001)。男婴、女婴、城市婴儿、农村婴儿因围生期疾病死亡率总体均呈下降趋势(AAPC分别为-11.73%、-11.98%、-18.70%、-18.50%)。男婴因围生期疾病年均死亡率(1.79‰)高于女婴(1.36‰)(χ2=776.474，P<0.001)，农村婴儿因围生期疾病年均死亡率(1.55‰)高于城市婴儿(0.46‰)(χ2=75.394，P≤0.001)。“出生低体重、出生产伤和窒息、其他”是因围生期疾病的主要死因构成，2012—2021年死亡率均呈下降趋势(AAPC分别为-14.10%、-11.10%、-9.60%,P<0.001)。

结论

中国0岁组婴儿因围生期疾病死亡率2012—2021年总体呈下降趋势，但因围生期疾病导致的死亡情况依然严峻。城乡差距明显，应重点关注男婴和农村婴儿围生期预防保健工作。

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庹安写，E-mail:
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庹安写(1976—），女，硕士，副教授，研究方向：妇幼心理

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Mortality rate of neonates due to perinatal conditions in China from 2012 to 2021

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份总体男女城市农村
20126.446.786.045.366.72
20134.915.374.355.194.83
20144.585.103.945.234.40
20153.984.383.504.403.87
20163.674.103.164.343.50
20173.323.722.853.873.18
20182.742.982.452.992.67
20192.442.822.022.252.50
20202.052.231.861.882.11
20211.892.011.761.671.95
合计1.591.791.360.461.59
χ2-776.47475.394
P值-<0.001<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1240651455170924892, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651446492910414, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

2012—2021年中国婴儿因围生期疾病死亡率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份总体男女城市农村
20126.446.786.045.366.72
20134.915.374.355.194.83
20144.585.103.945.234.40
20153.984.383.504.403.87
20163.674.103.164.343.50
20173.323.722.853.873.18
20182.742.982.452.992.67
20192.442.822.022.252.50
20202.052.231.861.882.11
20211.892.011.761.671.95
合计1.591.791.360.461.59
χ2-776.47475.394
P值-<0.001<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1240651456731205995, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651446492910414, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Mortality rates by cause of death from perinatal diseases and their proportions in total causes of death among infants in China, 2012-2021

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份死因别死亡率(/10万)及占总死因构成比(%)
出生低体重出生产伤和窒息其他
20128.95(14.16)16.02(25.36)5.5(8.77)
20137.12(14.49)11.95(24.30)3.66(7.46)
20145.93(12.88)11.86(25.76)3.67(7.98)
20155.04(12.60)10.37(25.94)3.38(8.45)
20164.36(11.74)9.96(26.85)3.60(9.71)
20173.90(11.61)8.94(26.65)3.14(9.35)
20183.26(11.84)7.12(25.87)2.69(9.79)
20192.68(11.12)6.21(25.79)2.45(10.18)
20202.67(13.17)5.52(27.26)1.99(9.82)
20212.12(11.39)5.12(27.57)1.70(9.13)
合计4.21(12.53)8.74(26.00)3.00(8.90)
), ArticleFig(id=1240651456852840817, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651446492910414, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

2012—2021年中国婴儿因围生期疾病死因别死亡率及占总死因构成比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份死因别死亡率(/10万)及占总死因构成比(%)
出生低体重出生产伤和窒息其他
20128.95(14.16)16.02(25.36)5.5(8.77)
20137.12(14.49)11.95(24.30)3.66(7.46)
20145.93(12.88)11.86(25.76)3.67(7.98)
20155.04(12.60)10.37(25.94)3.38(8.45)
20164.36(11.74)9.96(26.85)3.60(9.71)
20173.90(11.61)8.94(26.65)3.14(9.35)
20183.26(11.84)7.12(25.87)2.69(9.79)
20192.68(11.12)6.21(25.79)2.45(10.18)
20202.67(13.17)5.52(27.26)1.99(9.82)
20212.12(11.39)5.12(27.57)1.70(9.13)
合计4.21(12.53)8.74(26.00)3.00(8.90)
), ArticleFig(id=1240651456995447164, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651446492910414, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Mortality rates and differences by cause of perinatal disease deaths among urban and rural infants in China, 2012—2021

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份城乡婴儿因围生期疾病死因别死亡率(/10万)
出生低体重出生产伤和窒息其他
城市农村城市农村城市农村
20129.828.5913.9616.893.896.23
20137.536.9914.1011.273.873.61
20146.845.6313.9311.194.913.28
20155.005.0512.159.813.673.29
20165.593.9412.569.094.373.35
20174.453.7110.678.313.992.85
20183.873.048.306.702.982.59
20192.492.796.106.322.192.59
20202.862.575.085.781.992.00
20212.022.164.935.241.791.67
合计4.444.129.428.494.042.93
χ212.56751.47012.726
P值<0.001<0.001<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1240651457104499078, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651446492910414, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

2012—2021年中国城市、农村婴儿因围生期疾病的死因别死亡率及差异

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份城乡婴儿因围生期疾病死因别死亡率(/10万)
出生低体重出生产伤和窒息其他
城市农村城市农村城市农村
20129.828.5913.9616.893.896.23
20137.536.9914.1011.273.873.61
20146.845.6313.9311.194.913.28
20155.005.0512.159.813.673.29
20165.593.9412.569.094.373.35
20174.453.7110.678.313.992.85
20183.873.048.306.702.982.59
20192.492.796.106.322.192.59
20202.862.575.085.781.992.00
20212.022.164.935.241.791.67
合计4.444.129.428.494.042.93
χ212.56751.47012.726
P值<0.001<0.001<0.001
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中国2012—2021年婴儿因围生期疾病死亡流行特征分析
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庹安写 1 , 孔维森 2 , 李兵 3 , 郑巧艺 4
现代预防医学 | 儿少卫生与妇幼保健 2024,51(12): 2193-2197
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现代预防医学 | 儿少卫生与妇幼保健 2024, 51(12): 2193-2197
中国2012—2021年婴儿因围生期疾病死亡流行特征分析
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庹安写1 , 孔维森2, 李兵3, 郑巧艺4
作者信息
  • 1.贵州医科大学医学人文学院，贵州 贵阳 561113
  • 2.贵州医科大学公共卫生与健康学院
  • 3.贵州大学
  • 4. 福建泉州洛江外国语学校小学部

    • 庹安写(1976—），女，硕士，副教授，研究方向：妇幼心理

通讯作者:

庹安写，E-mail:
Epidemiological characteristics of infant deaths due to perinatal diseases in China, 2012-2021
An-xie TUO1 , Wei-sen KONG2, Bing LI3, Qiao-yi ZHENG4
Affiliations
  • School of Medical Humanities, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 561113, China
出版时间: 2024-06-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202403417
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摘要
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目的

了解中国2012—2021年婴儿因围生期疾病死亡的流行特征及趋势，为相关预防措施和政策制定提供参考依据。

方法

对《中国死因监测数据集》中的2012—2021年 0岁组婴儿因围生期疾病死亡资料进行描述流行病学分析，采用Joinpoint回归模型分析死亡率的平均年度变化百分比(AAPC)。

结果

2012—2021年中国0岁组婴儿因围生期疾病死亡率总体呈下降趋势(AAPC=-11.89,P<0.001)。男婴、女婴、城市婴儿、农村婴儿因围生期疾病死亡率总体均呈下降趋势(AAPC分别为-11.73%、-11.98%、-18.70%、-18.50%)。男婴因围生期疾病年均死亡率(1.79‰)高于女婴(1.36‰)(χ2=776.474，P<0.001)，农村婴儿因围生期疾病年均死亡率(1.55‰)高于城市婴儿(0.46‰)(χ2=75.394，P≤0.001)。“出生低体重、出生产伤和窒息、其他”是因围生期疾病的主要死因构成，2012—2021年死亡率均呈下降趋势(AAPC分别为-14.10%、-11.10%、-9.60%,P<0.001)。

结论

中国0岁组婴儿因围生期疾病死亡率2012—2021年总体呈下降趋势，但因围生期疾病导致的死亡情况依然严峻。城乡差距明显，应重点关注男婴和农村婴儿围生期预防保健工作。

围生期疾病  /  死亡率  /  流行病学研究  /  回归分析  /  0岁组婴儿
Objective

To understand the epidemiological characteristics and trends of infant deaths due to perinatal diseases in China from 2012 to 2021, in order to provide a reference for the development of related prevention measures and policies.

Methods

An epidemiological analysis was conducted on the data of infant deaths due to perinatal diseases from 0-year-old group in the "Chinese Cause of Death Surveillance Dataset" for the years 2012-2021. The average annual percent change (AAPC) in mortality rates was analyzed using the Joinpoint regression model.

Results

The overall mortality rate of infants due to perinatal diseases in China showed a downward trend from 2012 to 2021 (AAPC=-11.89, P<0.001). A declining trend was observed in both male and female infants, as well as urban and rural infants, with AAPCs of -11.73%, -11.98%, -18.70%, and -18.50%, respectively. There was a turning point in the trend for urban infants (APC=-5.20, P=0.124 for 2012-2016 and APC=-18.70, P<0.001 for 2016-2021). The annual average mortality rate due to perinatal diseases was higher in male infants (1.79 per thousand) than in female infants (1.36 per thousand) (χ2=776.474, P<0.001), and higher in rural infants (1.55 per thousand) than in urban infants (0.46 per thousand) (χ2=75.394, P<0.001). The overall mortality rates of "low birth weight, birth trauma and asphyxia, and others" showed a downward trend (AAPCs of -14.10%, -11.10%, and -9.60%, respectively, P<0.001), with differences between urban and rural areas observed in all three perinatal diseases (P<0.001 for each).

Conclusion

The mortality rate of infants due to perinatal diseases in China shows a general downward trend from 2012 to 2021, but the situation of deaths caused by perinatal diseases remains severe. The gap between urban and rural areas is significant, and priority should be given to the perinatal preventive health care of male infants and rural infants.

Perinatal conditions  /  Mortality rate  /  Epidemiological research  /  Regression analysis  /  Neonates
庹安写, 孔维森, 李兵, 郑巧艺. 中国2012—2021年婴儿因围生期疾病死亡流行特征分析. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (12) : 2193 -2197 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202403417
An-xie TUO, Wei-sen KONG, Bing LI, Qiao-yi ZHENG. Epidemiological characteristics of infant deaths due to perinatal diseases in China, 2012-2021[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (12) : 2193 -2197 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202403417
正文
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《健康中国2030规划纲要》中提出了到2030年将婴儿死亡率(Infant Mortality Rate, IMR)降低到5.0‰的目标，2021年已提前完成这个目标[1-2]。起源于围生期的疾病一直是婴儿死亡的重要影响因素[3-4]，本研究旨在分析2012—2021年间中国婴儿因围生期疾病导致的死亡数据，探究死亡率及主要死因的变化趋势，为进一步的研究和政策制定提供有价值的参考。
1　材料与方法
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1.1　资料来源
资料来源于中国慢性非传染性疾病预防控制中心发布的2010—2021年《中国死因监测数据集》[5]，该数据集在2010—2012年间涵盖了中国31个省份的161个监测点，覆盖人口超过7 700万，约占全国总人口的6%。从2013年起，监测范围扩大至605个点，监测人口增至超过3亿，占全国总人口的24%，增强了数据的代表性和可靠性。
1.2　诊断与分类
死因诊断和分类按《国际疾病分类第10版》(International Classification of Diseases Version 10，ICD-10) [6]。本研究起源于围生期的疾病(P00–P96)包括出生低体重(P05–P07)、出生产伤和窒息(P03, P10–P15, P20–P29)、其他情况(P00–P02, P04, P08, P35–P96)。0 岁组死亡率=0 岁组死亡数/0 岁组人口数×1000‰。
1.3　统计学分析
采用Excel 2010软件进行数据录入，根据第六次全国人口普查数据[7]进行死亡率的标化，并使用Joinpoint 4.9.1.0软件执行回归分析。统计分析通过SPSS 27.0软件完成，不同组别间的死亡率比较则采用卡方检验。计算年变化率(annual percentage rate change, APC)和年平均变化率(average annual percentage rate change, AAPC)来评估婴儿死亡率的变化趋势。APC小于0表示死亡率呈下降趋势，APC大于0则表明死亡率上升。当APC等于AAPC时，表示死亡率趋势为单调变化，无明显转折点[8]。检验水准α=0.05。
2　结果
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2.1　2012—2021年中国婴儿因围生期疾病死亡总体情况
2012—2021年全国死因检测系统监测婴儿26 060 817名，死亡87 642名，因起源于围生期疾病死亡41 612名，占婴儿全死因比例为47.48%，因围生期疾病年均死亡率为1.59‰。其中男婴因起源于围生期疾病死亡25 168名，年均死亡率为1.79‰，女婴因起源于围生期疾病死亡16 444名，年均死亡率为1.36‰，男婴死亡率高于女婴，差异具有统计学意义(χ2=776.474，P<0.001)。城市婴儿因起源于围生期疾病死亡12 203名，年均死亡率为0.46‰，农村婴儿因起源于围生期疾病死亡29 409名，年均死亡率1.55‰，城市婴儿死亡率高于农村婴儿，差异具有统计学意义(χ2=75.394，P≤0.001)。见表1。
2.2　2012—2021年中国婴儿因围生期疾病死亡变化趋势
中国婴儿因围生期疾病死亡率从2012的6.44‰下降到2021年的1.89‰，呈单调下降趋势，年均下降11.89%(AAPC=-11.89，95%CI: -13.0~-10.7，t=-22.623, P<0. 001)。男女婴因围生期疾病死亡率均呈下降趋势，AAPC分别为-11.73和-11.89(P均<0.001)。2012—2021年城市婴儿因围生期疾病死亡率总体呈下降趋势(AAPC=-13.0,P<0.001),其中2012—2016年下降趋势无统计学意义(APC=-5.20，P=0.124),2016—2021年下降趋势有统计学意义(APC=-18.70,P<0.001)；农村婴儿因围生期疾病死亡率总体呈下降趋势(AAPC=-18.50,P<0.001)。见图1~图2。
2.3　2012—2021年中国婴儿因围生期疾病死因别死亡率及占总死因构成
2012—2021年中国婴儿因围生期疾病死因占全死因的构成为出生低体重、出生产伤和窒息、其他。死亡构成比分别为12.53%、26.00%和8.90%。2012—2021年出生低体重呈单调下降趋势，年均下降14.10%(APC=-14.10,P<0.001)、出生产伤和窒息呈单调下降趋势，年均下降11.10%(APC=-11.10,P<0.001)、其他情况也呈单调下降趋势，年均下9.60%(APC=-9.60, P<0.001)。三种围生期疾病死因均有城乡差异(P<0.001)，详见表2、表3。
3　讨论
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本研究分析了2012—2021年中国婴儿因围生期疾病导致的死亡数据，研究发现，婴儿因围生期疾病年平均死亡率为15.97例/万，占婴儿总死亡率的47.48%。2012—2021年因围生期疾病导致的死亡从6.44‰降至1.89‰，说明我国《母婴安全行动提升计划》、《健康儿童行动提升计划》等政策措施取得了显著成效[9-10]。男婴因围生期疾病死亡率下降趋势缓于女婴，且历年死亡率均高于女婴，与某市2017—2021年婴儿死亡率研究结果一致[11]。女婴可能存在生物学优势，雌激素可能会通过不同机制增强女性的免疫保护作用，包括对疫苗接种的保护效果也较强[12]，这也与大多数国家研究结果相同[13]。提示制定针对性降低婴儿死亡率的措施时，应考虑到性别差异。城市和农村地区的婴儿因围生期疾病的死亡率都呈下降的趋势，但农村地区的死亡率降低的速度更缓，且年均死亡率也更高，这种差异可能源于农村地区在医疗资源、孕产妇健康服务和基础卫生设施方面的不足，经济发展和卫生投入的增加能使婴儿死亡率有效下降[14]。据宁夏新生儿死因研究所示，农村新生儿更多在区县级医院接受治疗，而较少在省/市级医院就诊，且城乡新生儿诊断医院级别的构成比存在显著差异(P<0.05)[15]。因此，因此，提高农村地区的医疗卫生资源，尤其是针对孕产妇和新生儿的护理服务，是进一步缩小城乡婴儿因围生期疾病死亡率差异的关键。
2012年到2021年，中国婴儿因围生期疾病导致的死因包括出生低体重、出生产伤和窒息、以及其他原因。这些死因的年死亡构成比分别为12.53%、26.00%和8.90%。既往研究显示，窒息是新生儿死因的前几顺位[16-17]。本研究结果同样显示出生产伤和窒息是导致婴儿死亡的主要原因，占比最高，提示分娩过程存在的死亡风险。产伤通常是由于分娩时对婴儿头部、颈部或肩部的物理压力造成的伤害，而窒息则主要是由于分娩过程中的呼吸暂停或缺氧。这两种情况的存在指出了分娩过程中急需关注的关键医疗点。出生产伤和窒息的死亡率表现出单调下降趋势，年均下降11.10%，但死因占比从2012年的25.36%上升到2021年的27.57%，且农村地区因出生产伤和窒息的死亡率始终高于城市，农村地区医疗资源分配不均、就医行为的差异以及紧急医疗服务可及性的局限性等因素的共同作用可能增加了出生产伤和窒息的风险。提示需持续关注和改进分娩过程中的应急响应和风险管理，加大对农村地区孕产妇及新生儿健康服务的投入，提升紧急产科和新生儿护理服务的可获取性和质量，进一步降低由出生产伤和窒息导致的婴儿死亡风险。中国婴儿因出生低体重的死亡率呈现单调下降趋势，年均下降14.10%。，死因占比从2012年的14.16%下降到2021年的11.39%。可能与《中国妇女发展纲要(2011－2020年)》等积极保障母婴安全的政策措施有关。随着对孕妇及新生儿健康的重视度提升，更多的孕妇获得了必要的医疗照顾和营养指导，从而有效减少了出生低体重婴儿的数量。但农村地区出生低体重导致的婴儿死亡率显著高于城市(P<0.001)，农村孕产妇面临的经济约束、健康知识匮乏以及医疗资源的限制，可能导致她们难以获取足够的营养和进行必要的孕期检查，从而增加了婴儿出生低体重的风险。中国在降低婴儿因其他原因死亡率年均下降率达到9.60%，但在城乡间同样存在差异，进一步凸显了农村地区在医疗保健资源配置和利用上的不足。
我国卫生部门在2009年发布的《国家基本公共卫生服务规范》基础上，制定并更新了2011年和2017年的版本，这些政策强调了对孕产妇和儿童健康管理的重视[18-19]。这些措施在提升新生儿健康水平和降低新生儿及儿童死亡风险方面起到了重要作用。随着妇幼保健和卫生服务体系的不断完善，我国婴儿因围生期疾病死亡率有了显著下降。但因围生期疾病死亡占全婴儿死亡比例依然较高，城乡之间的差异也明显。因此，有必要持续加强农村和偏远地区的孕产妇保健服务，特别是提升这些地区孕产妇的医疗保健质量，确保她们在孕期和分娩期能接受到有效的医疗关怀。同时，加强对新生儿的健康监测和早期干预，对于降低城乡间新生儿健康和生存率的差异具有重要意义。
基金
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  • 贵州省2022年省级大学生创新创业项目(S202210660063)
  • 贵州省卫健委2023年科学技术基金项目(gzwkj2023-476)
文献
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参考文献 引证文献
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[1]
新华社．中共中央 国务院印发《“健康中国 2030” 规划纲要》[EB/OL]．[2024-05-22]．Https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/2016-10/25/content_5124174.htm．
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2024年第51卷第12期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202403417
  • 接收时间：2024-03-22
  • 首发时间：2026-03-17
  • 出版时间：2024-06-25
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  • 收稿日期：2024-03-22
基金
贵州省2022年省级大学生创新创业项目(S202210660063)
贵州省卫健委2023年科学技术基金项目(gzwkj2023-476)
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    1.贵州医科大学医学人文学院，贵州 贵阳 561113
    2.贵州医科大学公共卫生与健康学院
    3.贵州大学
    4. 福建泉州洛江外国语学校小学部

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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