Article(id=1240651446132200246, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240651438955754377, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202403208, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1710172800000, receivedDateStr=2024-03-12, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773723954947, onlineDateStr=2026-03-17, pubDate=1719244800000, pubDateStr=2024-06-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773723954947, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773723954947, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773723954947, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240651438955754377, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='12', pageStart='2113', pageEnd='2912', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773723953236, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773723953236, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2242, endPage=2247, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240651446417412939, articleId=1240651446132200246, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Tri (1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate induces apoptosis of mouse spermatocytes through the Rap1/PI3K/AKT pathway, columnId=1228016572065837304, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Experimental Technology and Applications, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the Rap1/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in inducing apoptosis of mouse spermatocytes (GC-2 spd) induced by tris (1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCIPP)the role of death.

Methods

GC-2 spd cells were treated with 0, 15, 30, and 60 μmol/L TDCIPP for 24 hours.Using flow cytometry to detect cell expression levels, Western blotting to examine the expression levels of Rap1, PI3K, AKT, phosphorylated AKT (p-AKT) proteins, as well as related proteins cleared PARP and cleared Caspase-3 in cells, and apoptosis-related proteins cleaved PARP and cleaved Caspase-3 in the cells. ESI09 was used to inhibit the expression of Rap1 protein in GC-2 spd cells, followed by exposure to TDCIPP. Western blotting and flow cytometry were used to respectively assess the protein levels of PI3K, AKT, p-AKT, cleaved PARP, and cleaved Caspase-3, as well as the level of cell apoptosis.

Results

Compared to the control group, the cell apoptosis and expression of cleaved PARP and cleaved Caspase-3 proteins were significantly increased in the TDCIPP-exposed cells (P<0.01). The expression level of Rap1 was significantly increased (P<0.01), while the expression levels of PI3K, AKT, and p-AKT were decreased (P<0.01). Compared to the TDCIPP-exposed group, the expression of Rap1 was down-regulated (P<0.01), while the expression levels of PI3K, AKT, and p-AKT proteins were up-regulated (P<0.05) in the cells co-treated with ESI09 and TDCIPP. Meanwhile, the expression levels of cleaved PARP and cleaved Caspase-3 in the cells, as well as the level of cell apoptosis, were significantly reduced (P<0.05).

Conclusion

TDCIPP induces overexpression of Rap1 protein and obstructs PI3K/AKT signaling transduction, eventually leading to apoptosis of mouse spermatocytes.

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目的

探究Rap1/PI3K/AKT信号通路在磷酸三(1,3-二氯-2-丙基)酯[Tri(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate, TDCIPP]诱导小鼠精母细胞(GC-2 spd)凋亡中的作用。

方法

采用0、15、30和60 μmol/L TDCIPP处理GC-2 spd细胞24 h,流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡水平,Western印迹检测细胞中Rap1、PI3K、AKT、磷酸化AKT(p-AKT)蛋白以及凋亡相关蛋白cleaved PARP、cleaved Caspase-3表达水平。采用ESI09抑制GC-2spd细胞中Rap1蛋白的表达,同时给予TDCIPP暴露,Western印迹和流式细胞术分别检测细胞中PI3K、AKT、p-AKT、cleaved PARP和cleaved Caspase-3蛋白表达水平以及细胞凋亡水平。

结果

与对照组相比,TDCIPP暴露组细胞凋亡水平及cleaved PARP、cleaved Caspase-3蛋白表达显著上升(P<0.01);Rap1蛋白的表达水平显著增加(P<0.01),而PI3K、AKT和p-AKT蛋白的表达水平降低(P<0.01)。与TDCIPP暴露组相比,ESI09和TDCIPP共处理组细胞中Rap1表达下调(P<0.01),然而PI3K、AKT和p-AKT蛋白表达则上调(P<0.05);同时,细胞中cleaved PARP和cleaved Caspase-3蛋白表达水平及细胞凋亡水平均显著降低(P<0.05)。

结论

TDCIPP通过诱导Rap1蛋白的过表达,阻碍PI3K/AKT信号传导,导致小鼠精母细胞凋亡。

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柳赟昊,E-mail:
谭伟,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=czdcxAd25NrVSdXmzyGzMw==, magXml=G2TiMyim3avd1KgW8xoy9A==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=yn/IbhY6/mM7vf91zLjmQQ==, pdfFileSize=1270255, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=/pgHu1SUrQtwHZC/BDKd9Q==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=z1KiiU5MC9bZCDamg1ugdg==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

李娜玉(1999—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:公共卫生与预防专业

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注:与对照组相比,**:P<0.01。

, figureFileSmall=D+7Dxe8t6Hfs69smB28L0w==, figureFileBig=/pgHu1SUrQtwHZC/BDKd9Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240651455074455893, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651446132200246, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Effect of TDCIPP exposure on apoptosis in GC-2 spd cells (n=3), figureFileSmall=C8j/HyFVbFso3UNL3ZogqA==, figureFileBig=lBrKJZgTCFJTruOCAAS80Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240651455179313502, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651446132200246, language=CN, label=图2, caption=TDCIPP暴露对GC-2 spd细胞凋亡的影响(n=3)

注:与对照组相比,**:P<0.01。

, figureFileSmall=C8j/HyFVbFso3UNL3ZogqA==, figureFileBig=lBrKJZgTCFJTruOCAAS80Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240651456722817385, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651446132200246, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Effect of TDCIPP exposure on the expression of proteins associated to the Rap1/PI3K/AKT pathway in GC-2 spd cells (n=3), figureFileSmall=TkPhJElLIev+bPwyBxrOBw==, figureFileBig=4FrvNm9X8ZOkNmoYHFUboQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240651456852840818, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651446132200246, language=CN, label=图3, caption=TDCIPP暴露对GC-2 spd细胞Rap1/PI3K/AKT通路相关蛋白表达的影响(n=3)

注:与对照组相比,*:P<0.05,**:P<0.01。

, figureFileSmall=TkPhJElLIev+bPwyBxrOBw==, figureFileBig=4FrvNm9X8ZOkNmoYHFUboQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240651456987058554, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651446132200246, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Effect of inhibition of Rap1 expression on the protein levels of PI3K, AKT and p-AKT in GC-2 spd cells (n=3), figureFileSmall=nK51nxPKy36ShUxpoap94Q==, figureFileBig=T698xQq01NUsAM4/hvCDcA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240651457091916164, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651446132200246, language=CN, label=图4, caption=抑制GC-2 spd细胞内Rap1的表达对PI3K、AKT、p-AKT蛋白表达水平的影响 (n=3)

注:与对照组相比,**:P<0.01;与TDCIPP组相比,#:P<0.05,##:P<0.01。

, figureFileSmall=nK51nxPKy36ShUxpoap94Q==, figureFileBig=T698xQq01NUsAM4/hvCDcA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240651457192579471, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651446132200246, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Effect of inhibition of Rap1 expression on the apoptosis in GC-2 spd cells (n=3), figureFileSmall=d9Pth2ls1UMDPOJeX3XyDQ==, figureFileBig=ZtVHyYq8j9acaHrQR2fAfg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240651457280659863, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651446132200246, language=CN, label=图5, caption=抑制GC-2 spd细胞中Rap1表达对细胞凋亡水平的影响(n=3)

注:与对照组相比,**:P<0.01;与TDCIPP组相比,#:P<0.05,##:P<0.01。

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磷酸三(1,3-二氯-2-丙基)酯通过Rap1/PI3K/AKT通路诱导小鼠精母细胞凋亡
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李娜玉 1 , 柳赟昊 1 , 张阳 1 , 任淑齐 1 , 张玲 1 , 谭伟 2
现代预防医学 | 实验技术及其应用 2024,51(12): 2242-2247
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现代预防医学 | 实验技术及其应用 2024, 51(12): 2242-2247
磷酸三(1,3-二氯-2-丙基)酯通过Rap1/PI3K/AKT通路诱导小鼠精母细胞凋亡
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李娜玉1, 柳赟昊1 , 张阳1, 任淑齐1, 张玲1, 谭伟2
作者信息
  • 1.武汉科技大学医学院公共卫生学院,职业危害识别与控制湖北省重点实验室,湖北 武汉 430065
  • 2.武汉科技大学附属老年病医院
  • 李娜玉(1999—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:公共卫生与预防专业

通讯作者:

柳赟昊,E-mail:
谭伟,E-mail:
Tri (1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate induces apoptosis of mouse spermatocytes through the Rap1/PI3K/AKT pathway
Na-yu LI1, Yun-hao LIU1 , Yang ZHANG1, Shu-qi REN1, Ling ZHANG1, Wei TAN2
Affiliations
  • School of Public Health, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065
出版时间: 2024-06-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202403208
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目的

探究Rap1/PI3K/AKT信号通路在磷酸三(1,3-二氯-2-丙基)酯[Tri(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate, TDCIPP]诱导小鼠精母细胞(GC-2 spd)凋亡中的作用。

方法

采用0、15、30和60 μmol/L TDCIPP处理GC-2 spd细胞24 h,流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡水平,Western印迹检测细胞中Rap1、PI3K、AKT、磷酸化AKT(p-AKT)蛋白以及凋亡相关蛋白cleaved PARP、cleaved Caspase-3表达水平。采用ESI09抑制GC-2spd细胞中Rap1蛋白的表达,同时给予TDCIPP暴露,Western印迹和流式细胞术分别检测细胞中PI3K、AKT、p-AKT、cleaved PARP和cleaved Caspase-3蛋白表达水平以及细胞凋亡水平。

结果

与对照组相比,TDCIPP暴露组细胞凋亡水平及cleaved PARP、cleaved Caspase-3蛋白表达显著上升(P<0.01);Rap1蛋白的表达水平显著增加(P<0.01),而PI3K、AKT和p-AKT蛋白的表达水平降低(P<0.01)。与TDCIPP暴露组相比,ESI09和TDCIPP共处理组细胞中Rap1表达下调(P<0.01),然而PI3K、AKT和p-AKT蛋白表达则上调(P<0.05);同时,细胞中cleaved PARP和cleaved Caspase-3蛋白表达水平及细胞凋亡水平均显著降低(P<0.05)。

结论

TDCIPP通过诱导Rap1蛋白的过表达,阻碍PI3K/AKT信号传导,导致小鼠精母细胞凋亡。

TDCIPP  /  精母细胞  /  细胞凋亡  /  Rap1/PI3K/AKT通路
Objective

To explore the Rap1/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in inducing apoptosis of mouse spermatocytes (GC-2 spd) induced by tris (1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCIPP)the role of death.

Methods

GC-2 spd cells were treated with 0, 15, 30, and 60 μmol/L TDCIPP for 24 hours.Using flow cytometry to detect cell expression levels, Western blotting to examine the expression levels of Rap1, PI3K, AKT, phosphorylated AKT (p-AKT) proteins, as well as related proteins cleared PARP and cleared Caspase-3 in cells, and apoptosis-related proteins cleaved PARP and cleaved Caspase-3 in the cells. ESI09 was used to inhibit the expression of Rap1 protein in GC-2 spd cells, followed by exposure to TDCIPP. Western blotting and flow cytometry were used to respectively assess the protein levels of PI3K, AKT, p-AKT, cleaved PARP, and cleaved Caspase-3, as well as the level of cell apoptosis.

Results

Compared to the control group, the cell apoptosis and expression of cleaved PARP and cleaved Caspase-3 proteins were significantly increased in the TDCIPP-exposed cells (P<0.01). The expression level of Rap1 was significantly increased (P<0.01), while the expression levels of PI3K, AKT, and p-AKT were decreased (P<0.01). Compared to the TDCIPP-exposed group, the expression of Rap1 was down-regulated (P<0.01), while the expression levels of PI3K, AKT, and p-AKT proteins were up-regulated (P<0.05) in the cells co-treated with ESI09 and TDCIPP. Meanwhile, the expression levels of cleaved PARP and cleaved Caspase-3 in the cells, as well as the level of cell apoptosis, were significantly reduced (P<0.05).

Conclusion

TDCIPP induces overexpression of Rap1 protein and obstructs PI3K/AKT signaling transduction, eventually leading to apoptosis of mouse spermatocytes.

TDCIPP  /  Spermatocytes  /  Apoptosis  /  Rap1/PI3K/AKT pathway
李娜玉, 柳赟昊, 张阳, 任淑齐, 张玲, 谭伟. 磷酸三(1,3-二氯-2-丙基)酯通过Rap1/PI3K/AKT通路诱导小鼠精母细胞凋亡. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (12) : 2242 -2247 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202403208
Na-yu LI, Yun-hao LIU, Yang ZHANG, Shu-qi REN, Ling ZHANG, Wei TAN. Tri (1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate induces apoptosis of mouse spermatocytes through the Rap1/PI3K/AKT pathway[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (12) : 2242 -2247 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202403208
磷酸三(1, 3-二氯-2-丙基)酯[Tri(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate, TDCIPP]是一种典型的有机磷阻燃剂,已被广泛应用于建筑材料和电子产品等行业[1]。地表水中TDCIPP浓度通常高于100 ng/L[2],但在污水处理场的水中检测甚至高达μg/L级别的剂量(3 μg/L)[3];室内粉尘中TDCIPP的浓度为56.1~326 μg/g[4]。TDCIPP及其代谢物经常在人体样本中检测到,瑞典产妇人群母乳中检测到TDCIPP的中位浓度为4.3 ng/g[5],中国东部产妇胎盘中TDCIPP浓度为0~82.8 ng/g[6]。在头发、指甲和脚趾甲样品中检测到TDCIPP的浓度为230~390 ng/g[7]。研究表明,男性不育症患者的精液质量与室内环境中TDCIPP浓度呈负相关[8];成年男性尿液中TDCIPP代谢产物双(1,3-二氯-2-丙基)磷酸酯 [bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BDCIPP)]的浓度和卵子受精率、胚胎质量存在负相关[9];TDCIPP暴露可引起雄性斑马鱼睾酮水平下降[10];可致中国鮈鲫睾丸细胞凋亡率和精子畸形率显著升高,精子活力降低[11]。近期研究发现TDCIPP可诱导小鼠睾丸组织内甲基转移酶METTL14介导的m6A甲基化修饰异常,进而引发雄性小鼠生殖毒性,且差异基因主要富集在凋亡、Rap1和PI3K/AKT相关信号通路[12]。Rap1是小分子G蛋白Ras家族成员之一,参与一系列细胞功能,包括细胞增殖、凋亡、分化和粘附等[13]。磷脂酰肌醇-3-激酶(PI3K)/蛋白激酶B(AKT)途径是一种经典的信号通路,在调节细胞增殖、自噬和凋亡中起重要作用[14]。有研究提示,Rap1在上游对PI3K/AKT 存在调控机制[15]。研究发现,TDCIPP会诱导GC-2spd细胞发生内质网应激导致细胞凋亡[16],但Rap1在TDCIPP所致的小鼠睾丸细胞凋亡中的作用尚不明确,因此本研究采用TDCIPP染毒小鼠精母细胞(GC-2spd),探究Rap1/PI3K/AKT信号通路在TDCIPP致细胞凋亡中的作用。
磷酸三(1, 3-二氯-2-丙基)酯(#HY-108712)购自MedChemExpress公司;DMEM培养基、胎牛血清购自Giboco公司;胰酶、青霉素-链霉素购自Hyclone公司;细胞增殖及毒性检测试剂盒(CCK8)、BCA蛋白定量试剂盒购自大连美仑生物技术有限公司;PVDF膜购自Millipore公司;cleaved Caspase3(#9664)、cleaved PARP(#9548)、p-AKT(#4060)购自Cell Signaling Technology;Rap1(sc-398755)购自Santa Cruz;AKT(SAB4500800)购自Sigma;GAPDH(GB11002)购自Servicebio;β-actin(66009-1-Ig);PI3K(60225-1-Ig)购自Proteintech Group;Goat anti-rabbit/mouse IgG购自武汉科瑞生物技术有限公司;细胞凋亡检测试剂盒购自武汉塞维尔生物科技有限公司。
将GC-2 spd细胞(中国科学院细胞库购入)接种于含有10%胎牛血清的DMEM培养基中,放置入37℃,5%CO2条件细胞培养箱内。每2~3天进行传代,实验采用对数生长期的细胞,设置对照组和TDCIPP暴露组,TDCIPP暴露剂量分别为15、30、60 μmol/L,用相应浓度药物处理细胞24 h。
以2×104个/孔密度将GC-2 spd细胞接种于96孔板,设置溶剂对照组及不同浓度的TDCIPP处理组,通过CCK8测定各组细胞活力,使用多功能酶标仪检测450 nm波长处吸光度(A450),细胞存活率=[(A处理组-A空白组)/(A对照组-A空白组)]×100%。
用RIPA裂解液(含有蛋白酶抑制剂)对细胞进行裂解并提取蛋白,采用BCA法检测蛋白浓度。95℃加热35~45 μg蛋白样本变性5 min,后SDS-PAGE电泳使蛋白分离,电转至PVDF膜。含5%BSA的TBST溶液封闭1 h,加入一抗(cleaved PARP, 1:1 000;cleaved Caspase-3, 1:1 000;Rap1, 1:1 000;PI3K, 1:500;AKT, 1:1 000;Phospho-Akt, 1:1 000;GAPDH, 1:2 000;β-actin, 1:10 000)4℃孵育过夜。TBST冲洗3次,每次5 min。加入相应二抗常温孵育1 h,ECL化学放光法曝光显色,并使用Image-J软件进行灰度分析。
以2×105个/孔将GC-2 spd细胞接种于6孔板并培养48 h,收集细胞上清和沉淀,预冷的PBS洗涤细胞2次,重悬于195 μl结合液,分别加入5 μl Annexin V-FITC和10 μl碘化丙啶染色液,混合、避光室温孵育15 min,用流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡。
使用SPSS 27软件对数据统计学分析,计量资料以表示。总体统计学差异比较使用方差分析,如有组间差异,则进行组间两两比较,使用LDS(least significant difference)法进行检验,检验水准α=0.05具有统计学意义。
结果如图1所示,与对照组(0 μmol/L TDCIPP)相比,50、100、150、200 μmol/L TDCIPP暴露组的GC-2 spd细胞活力显著降低(P<0.01),并且存在剂量效应,经计算TDCIPP对GC-2 spd细胞的IC50为74 μmol/L,综合其它文献与本实验结果,后续实验TDCIPP暴露剂量定为0、15、30、60 μmol/L。
结果如图2A所示,随着TDCIPP暴露剂量增加,凋亡的GC-2 spd细胞比例逐渐增多(P<0.01)。后采用Western blot检测法发现,凋亡相关蛋白cleaved PARP、cleaved Caspase-3的表达水平,均随着TDCIPP暴露剂量的增高而上升(P<0.01)(图2B)。
结果如图3所示,与对照组相比,30和60 μmol/L TDCIPP暴露组中Rap1蛋白的表达水平显著增加(P<0.01),而PI3K、AKT和磷酸化AKT(p-AKT)蛋白的表达水平降低(P<0.01)。
采用Rap1蛋白抑制剂ESI09处理TDCIPP暴露的GC-2 spd细胞。结果如图4所示,与TDCIPP组相比,ESI09与TDCIPP共处理组中Rap1表达下调(P<0.01),然而PI3K、AKT和p-AKT蛋白表达则上调(P<0.05)。
与TDCIPP暴露组相比,ESI09与TDCIPP共处理组中细胞凋亡水平显著下降(P<0.01)(图5A)。Western blot检测显示,ESI09与TDCIPP共处理组中cleaved PARP和cleaved Caspase-3蛋白表达水平较对照组均显著下降(P<0.01)(图5B)。
TDCIPP是一种新兴环境内分泌干扰物,与男/雄性生殖功能损伤和精子发生障碍密切相关。研究发现,TDCIPP引起的小鼠精子发生障碍与睾丸中RNA m6A甲基化水平异常升高相关,差异的m6A修饰转录本主要富集于凋亡、Rap1/PI3K/AKT信号通路,提示TDCIPP可能通过调控该信号通路诱导睾丸细胞凋亡,从而引发雄性小鼠生殖毒性[12]。睾丸细胞凋亡是维持精子发生动态平衡,限制生精上皮生殖细胞数量的一个重要生理机制[17]。多项研究已经证实环境内分泌干扰物可引起细胞凋亡从而引起生殖系统损伤,如二氧化硅纳米颗粒(SiNPs)引起睾丸和附睾的凋亡细胞增加以及TNF-α/TNFR I介导的促凋亡途径激活[18];砷暴露会使睾丸重量以及精子数量下降,增加精子异常并导致支持细胞和间质细胞凋亡,从而引起生殖系统障碍[19]
Rap1蛋白作为小GTP酶Ras家族的成员之一,可激活下游靶标,调控ERK、PI3K/AKT等信号传导[20]。研究发现高表达Rap1通过ERK通路促进血管平滑肌细胞的增殖[21]。与此相反,另有研究发现SGSM2结合并激活Rap1,下调MAPK/ERK和PI3K/AKT信号传导,从而抑制甲状腺肿瘤细胞增殖和癌症的发展[22]。因此,Rap1在细胞增殖/凋亡中的作用可能取决于细胞类型。虽然我们前期研究发现TDCIPP暴露下差异的m6A修饰转录本主要富集于凋亡、Rap1/PI3K/AKT信号通路,但TDCIPP对Rap1/PI3K/AKT信号通路和生精细胞凋亡的作用机制尚不清楚。本研究中TDCIPP暴露可促进小鼠精母GC-2 spd细胞凋亡,显著增加细胞中Rap1蛋白的表达水平,而下调PI3K、AKT和p-AKT蛋白表达水平。Park等[23]发现Rap1可在上游抑制PI3K/AKT信号通路,从而刺激肺癌细胞凋亡。因此,本研究结果提示TDCIPP可能通过调控Rap1蛋白表达,在上游阻滞PI3K/AKT信号通路,诱导GC-2 spd细胞凋亡。
为探究抑制Rap1蛋白表达对PI3K/AKT信号通路及细胞凋亡的调控变化,采用TDCIPP和ESI09同时处理GC-2 spd细胞。ESI09是新型非环状核苷酸EPAC的拮抗剂,能够有效抑制Rap1蛋白的表达[24]。结果显示,与TDCIPP暴露组相比,ESI09显著抑制了TDCIPP诱导的PI3K、AKT、p-AKT蛋白表达下调以及凋亡蛋白表达上调。P13K/AKT信号传导参与细胞凋亡和细胞增殖,其激活能够促进细胞存活[25]。本研究结果提示,下调Rap1表达后缓解了对PI3K/AKT信号通路的抑制作用,致使TDCIPP诱导的GC-2 spd细胞凋亡水平下降。
综上所述,TDCIPP暴露引起Rap1蛋白过表达,导致PI3K/AKT信号传导受阻,从而诱导小鼠精母细胞凋亡。后续可进行动物实验进一步探究Rap1介导的PI3K/AKT通路在TDCIPP致睾丸损伤中的作用机制。
  • 湖北省自然科学基金计划项目(2023AFB649)
  • 武汉预防医学科研专项(WY22M01)
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2024年第51卷第12期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202403208
  • 接收时间:2024-03-12
  • 首发时间:2026-03-17
  • 出版时间:2024-06-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-03-12
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湖北省自然科学基金计划项目(2023AFB649)
武汉预防医学科研专项(WY22M01)
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    1.武汉科技大学医学院公共卫生学院,职业危害识别与控制湖北省重点实验室,湖北 武汉 430065
    2.武汉科技大学附属老年病医院

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
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红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
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