Article(id=1240651444882305125, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240651438955754377, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202402062, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1707062400000, receivedDateStr=2024-02-05, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773723954648, onlineDateStr=2026-03-17, pubDate=1719244800000, pubDateStr=2024-06-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773723954648, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773723954648, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773723954648, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240651438955754377, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='12', pageStart='2113', pageEnd='2912', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773723953236, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773723953236, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2204, endPage=2209, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240651445171712131, articleId=1240651444882305125, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Cross-sectional survey of vaccination staff in Chongqing on the incident response capability of adverse event following immunization (AEFI) and vaccination workers, columnId=1228016572892119056, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Primary Health Services, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the incident response capability of adverse event following immunization (AEFI) of vaccination staff in Chongqing.

Methods

Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the level and influencing factors of AEFI response capability among committees and vaccination workers in basic-level CDC and Vaccination units in Chongqing.

Results

Among the 994 surveyed individuals, 97.0% had a medical background. The survey respondents answered AEFI disposal related questions with a total score of 35, with an average score of (18.0±5.1) points. Vaccination personnel with work experience of 21-30 years scored lower(β=-1.446, 95%CI: -2.888--0.004), and the ones who participated in district and county-level events(β= 3.223, 95%CI: 1.597-4.849), participated in municipal level events(β=3.885, 95%CI: 1.882-5.887), as well as city and district/county level participants(β=4.998,95%CI: 3.292-6.705) scored higher.

Conclusion

The disposal ability of AEFI among the basic-level vaccinators in Chongqing is uneven, and training should be strengthened in the future.

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目的

了解重庆市预防接种工作人员疑似预防接种异常反应(AEFI)处置能力现状。

方法

采用描述流行病学方法分析重庆市预防接种工作人员AEFI处置相关知识水平和影响因素。

结果

994名调查对象中,97.0%具医学专业背景。调查对象对总分为35分的AEFI处置相关问题进行回答,平均得分(18.0±5.1)分。工作年限在21~30年的接种人员得分更低(β=-1.446,95% CI: -2.888~-0.004);参加过区县级(β=3.223,95% CI: 1.597~4.849)、参加过市级(β=3.885,95% CI: 1.882~5.887)及市级和区县级均参加过(β=4.998,95% CI: 3.292~6.705)的接种人员得分更高。

结论

重庆市基层预防接种人员AEFI处置能力参差不齐,今后应进一步加强培训,强化人才队伍培养。

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王青,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=pB0RUAvNthtvrlCO9GUUCw==, magXml=yuoMLo4CxtIcv/O+kSW2Lg==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=oOKyyTCPgY9yve+EVrxuXg==, pdfFileSize=616287, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=9oVrcsq4ERZUATW7crhxoA==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

许濒月(1987—),女,博士,主管医师,研究方向:免疫规划、疫苗异常反应处置。

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许濒月(1987—),女,博士,主管医师,研究方向:免疫规划、疫苗异常反应处置。

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许濒月(1987—),女,博士,主管医师,研究方向:免疫规划、疫苗异常反应处置。

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[2024-05-27]. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789290617457., articleTitle=Immunization safety surveillance: guidelines for immunization programme managers on surveillance of adverse events following immunization. 3rd ed, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240651453673566820, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651444882305125, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=8, issue=4, pageStart=1186, pageEnd=1195, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=7, authorNames=Brown JC, Simons E, Rudders SA, journalName=The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology in Practice, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Brown JC, Simons E, Rudders SA. Epinephrine in the management of anaphylaxis[J]. The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology in Practice, 2020, 8(4): 1186-1195., articleTitle=Epinephrine in the management of anaphylaxis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240651453807784558, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651444882305125, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=40, issue=11, pageStart=1511, pageEnd=1516, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=8, authorNames=张紫薇, 骆兵, 葛卫红, journalName=医药导报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张紫薇,骆兵,葛卫红,等.EAACI与WAO严重过敏反应指南药物急救管理解读及证据分析[J].医药导报202140(11):1511-1516., articleTitle=EAACI与WAO严重过敏反应指南药物急救管理解读及证据分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240651454038471286, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651444882305125, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=40, issue=11, pageStart=1511, pageEnd=1516, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=9, authorNames=Zhang ZW, Luo B, Ge WH, journalName=Herald of Medicine, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang ZW,Luo B, Ge WH, et al. Interpretation and citation analysis of drug emergency management in EAACI and WAO clinical guidelines for anaphylaxis[J]. Herald of Medicine, 2021, 40(11): 1511-1516., articleTitle=Interpretation and citation analysis of drug emergency management in EAACI and WAO clinical guidelines for anaphylaxis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240651454206243449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651444882305125, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=3, issue=6, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=10, authorNames=Mehmeti I, Nelaj E, Simaku A, journalName=Heliyon, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Mehmeti I, Nelaj E, Simaku A, et al. Knowledge, practice and approaches of health professionals to adverse events following immunization and their reporting in Albania[J]. Heliyon, 2017, 3(6): e00331., articleTitle=Knowledge, practice and approaches of health professionals to adverse events following immunization and their reporting in Albania, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240651454306906750, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651444882305125, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=38, issue=5, pageStart=1009, pageEnd=1014, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=11, authorNames=Gidudu JF, Shaum A, Dodoo A, journalName=Vaccine, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Gidudu JF, Shaum A, Dodoo A, et al. Barriers to healthcare workers reporting adverse events following immunization in four regions of Ghana[J]. Vaccine, 2020, 38(5): 1009-1014., articleTitle=Barriers to healthcare workers reporting adverse events following immunization in four regions of Ghana, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240651454407570052, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651444882305125, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=12, authorNames=World Health Organization, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=World Health Organization. Immunization coverage[EB/OL]. [2024-05-27]. https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/themes/topics/immunization-coverage., articleTitle=Immunization coverage, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240651454520816265, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651444882305125, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=34, issue=52, pageStart=6681, pageEnd=6690, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=13, authorNames=Doherty M, Schmidt-Ott R, Santos JI, journalName=Vaccine, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Doherty M, Schmidt-Ott R, Santos JI, et al. Vaccination of special populations: Protecting the vulnerable[J]. Vaccine, 2016, 34(52): 6681-6690., articleTitle=Vaccination of special populations: Protecting the vulnerable, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240651454655034000, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651444882305125, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2007, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=14, authorNames=李峰, journalName=郑州市预防接种禁忌症与不良反应认知及其告知的现状调查, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李峰.郑州市预防接种禁忌症与不良反应认知及其告知的现状调查[Z].北京:中国疾控中心免疫规划中心,2007., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240651454772474518, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651444882305125, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2007, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=15, authorNames=Li F, journalName=Investigation on the current situation of cognition and notification of contraindications and adverse reactions of vaccination in Zhengzhou city, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li F. Investigation on the current situation of cognition and notification of contraindications and adverse reactions of vaccination in Zhengzhou city[Z]. Beijing: The Immunization Program Center, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2007., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240651454877332124, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651444882305125, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=28, issue=7, pageStart=706, pageEnd=708, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=16, authorNames=刘仕俊, 许二萍, 丁华, journalName=预防医学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘仕俊,许二萍,丁华,等.儿童预防接种禁忌证和慎用征现况调查[J].预防医学201628(7):706-708., articleTitle=儿童预防接种禁忌证和慎用征现况调查, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240651455057687205, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651444882305125, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=28, issue=7, pageStart=706, pageEnd=708, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=17, authorNames=Liu SJ, Xu EP, Ding H, journalName=Prevention Medicine, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liu SJ,Xu EP, Ding H, et al. Investigation on contraindications and caution signs of vaccination in children[J]. Prevention Medicine, 2016, 28(7): 706-708., articleTitle=Investigation on contraindications and caution signs of vaccination in children, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1240651452591436304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651444882305125, awardId=SQ2022YFC2704905, language=CN, fundingSource=国家重点研发计划项目(SQ2022YFC2704905), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1240651452687905303, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651444882305125, awardId=2024MSXM021, language=CN, fundingSource=重庆市科卫联合医学科研项目(2024MSXM021), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1240651446182539477, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651444882305125, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240651446190928088, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651444882305125, companyId=1240651446182539477, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing 400010, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240651446199316697, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651444882305125, companyId=1240651446182539477, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=重庆市疾病预防控制中心,重庆 400010)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1240651450347483587, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651444882305125, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Distribution of demographic characteristics of vaccination personnel in Chongqing

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
人口学特征分组疾控机构接种单位合计
人数构成比(%)人数构成比(%)人数构成比(%)
性别4639.79410.714014.1
7060.378489.385485.9
年龄(岁)≤301916.431535.933433.6
31~405043.134038.739039.2
41~503933.617820.321721.8
51~6086.9455.1535.3
是否医科学校毕业116100.084896.696497.0
00.0303.4303.0
学历中学及以下00.020.220.2
中专或大专1815.545651.947447.7
大学本科9077.641547.350550.8
硕士86.950.6131.3
工作类型疾控机构分管主任3227.6--323.2
科室管理人员6556.017620.024124.3
具体工作人员1916.470280.072172.5
工作年限(年)≤108069.072282.380280.8
11~202723.311312.914014.1
21~3097.8313.5404.0
≥3100.0111.3111.1
是否知晓《重庆市AEFI补偿办法》10086.278889.788889.3
1613.89010.310610.7
是否参与过预防接种相关知识培训21.7263.0282.8
只参加过市级2925.0303.4595.9
只参加过区县86.961169.661962.3
市级区县都参加过7766.421124.028829.0
是否参加预防接种异常反应补偿工作培训9279.368177.677377.8
2420.719722.422122.2
是否知晓重庆市为具有基础性疾病儿童的接种设立了特需门诊10893.174184.484985.4
86.913715.614514.6
合计116100.0878100.0994100.0
), ArticleFig(id=1240651450443952588, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651444882305125, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

重庆市基层预防接种人员人口学特征分布

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
人口学特征分组疾控机构接种单位合计
人数构成比(%)人数构成比(%)人数构成比(%)
性别4639.79410.714014.1
7060.378489.385485.9
年龄(岁)≤301916.431535.933433.6
31~405043.134038.739039.2
41~503933.617820.321721.8
51~6086.9455.1535.3
是否医科学校毕业116100.084896.696497.0
00.0303.4303.0
学历中学及以下00.020.220.2
中专或大专1815.545651.947447.7
大学本科9077.641547.350550.8
硕士86.950.6131.3
工作类型疾控机构分管主任3227.6--323.2
科室管理人员6556.017620.024124.3
具体工作人员1916.470280.072172.5
工作年限(年)≤108069.072282.380280.8
11~202723.311312.914014.1
21~3097.8313.5404.0
≥3100.0111.3111.1
是否知晓《重庆市AEFI补偿办法》10086.278889.788889.3
1613.89010.310610.7
是否参与过预防接种相关知识培训21.7263.0282.8
只参加过市级2925.0303.4595.9
只参加过区县86.961169.661962.3
市级区县都参加过7766.421124.028829.0
是否参加预防接种异常反应补偿工作培训9279.368177.677377.8
2420.719722.422122.2
是否知晓重庆市为具有基础性疾病儿童的接种设立了特需门诊10893.174184.484985.4
86.913715.614514.6
合计116100.0878100.0994100.0
), ArticleFig(id=1240651450540421593, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651444882305125, language=EN, label=Tatle 2, caption=

Distribution of AEFI related knowledge and response capability among vaccination personnel in Chongqing

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
相关知识疾控中心工作人员接种单位工作人员
回答正确数正确率(%)回答正确数正确率(%)
预防接种相关知识
1.一般情况下的所谓过敏性体质是否影响预防接种?4034.519221.9
2.先天性心脏病受种者是否能在体能评估的前提下进行预防接种?9682.872882.9
3.监测方案中,疫苗接种后短时间内出现低热、接种部位红肿痛属于预防接种异常反应?9783.642748.6
4.没有足够医学信息显示有心脑系统等基础疾病受种者接种安全?5950.930134.3
5.所有疫苗引起的预防接种异常反应通常都在3天内发生?2420.711913.6
6.因特殊原因漏种的疫苗补种时需补种前序已接种的疫苗剂次吗?8775.038343.6
7.接种疫苗后应至少留观30分钟?116100.087299.3
8.受种者在接种疫苗时处于某疾病前期或存在潜在疾病,接种后碰巧发病属于异常反应?10893.165774.8
9.出现过敏性休克必须立即皮下注射地塞米松?9985.359467.7
10.B超单显示卵圆孔未闭的受种者,不能为其进行接种疫苗。9783.652760.0
11.对鸡蛋过敏的受种者不能接种麻疹疫苗。9682.850958.0
12.对于有黄疸、无其他身体异常、临床诊断为母乳性黄疸或生理性黄疸的孩子,我通常建议暂时不进行接种,待黄疸消退后再行接种。6556.020923.8
13.对于轻微咳嗽、无发热的孩子,我通常建议暂缓接种。8169.826930.6
14.甲状腺功能低下的儿童可以正常进行预防接种。7262.147854.4
15.脑瘫受种者,无其他身体异常状况,可以进行预防接种。9581.970179.8
16.早产儿,无其他身体异常,出生后应立即接种乙肝疫苗。10187.168978.5
17. 当受种方在接种后一段时间内出现不适症状后应告知处置流程。9682.842948.9
AEFI处置流程(填空题)
18.您需要告知的AEFI主要处置流程a----
AEFI保险补偿政策知识
19.适龄儿童接种免疫规划疫苗后发生预防接种异常反应能得到医疗费用等基本补偿。11195.772382.3
20.重庆市政府已为适龄儿童接种免疫规划疫苗购买了预防接种异常反应基础保险。116100.080291.3
21基本保险补偿里面包含对偶合症的补偿。9682.837142.3
22.通过购买预防接种异常反应补充保险,不可以获得家长误工费等额外的补偿。8270.743149.1
23.预防接种异常反应补充保险对非免疫规划疫苗的预防接种异常反应进行赔偿。9581.969879.5
24.预防接种异常反应补充保险将补偿接种后出现的偶合症。9178.470480.2
25.补充保险第一次购买后保障年限是0~14岁。5144.037442.6
预防接种操作知识
26.麻腮风疫苗的注射方式10590.575586.0
27.百白破疫苗的注射方式11094.880291.3
28.遇到接种百白破疫苗后出现5cm的无菌性脓肿怎么办?6253.425128.6
29.遇到家长报告接种疫苗出现皮肤疹子时,接种单位工作人员应在什么时间内报告AEFI监测系统?7766.434839.6
30.遇到接种者出现过敏性休克时,您应该优先使用肌肉注射肾上腺素。7968.136141.4
), ArticleFig(id=1240651450645279201, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651444882305125, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

重庆市基层预防接种人员AEFI相关知识及处置能力分布

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
相关知识疾控中心工作人员接种单位工作人员
回答正确数正确率(%)回答正确数正确率(%)
预防接种相关知识
1.一般情况下的所谓过敏性体质是否影响预防接种?4034.519221.9
2.先天性心脏病受种者是否能在体能评估的前提下进行预防接种?9682.872882.9
3.监测方案中,疫苗接种后短时间内出现低热、接种部位红肿痛属于预防接种异常反应?9783.642748.6
4.没有足够医学信息显示有心脑系统等基础疾病受种者接种安全?5950.930134.3
5.所有疫苗引起的预防接种异常反应通常都在3天内发生?2420.711913.6
6.因特殊原因漏种的疫苗补种时需补种前序已接种的疫苗剂次吗?8775.038343.6
7.接种疫苗后应至少留观30分钟?116100.087299.3
8.受种者在接种疫苗时处于某疾病前期或存在潜在疾病,接种后碰巧发病属于异常反应?10893.165774.8
9.出现过敏性休克必须立即皮下注射地塞米松?9985.359467.7
10.B超单显示卵圆孔未闭的受种者,不能为其进行接种疫苗。9783.652760.0
11.对鸡蛋过敏的受种者不能接种麻疹疫苗。9682.850958.0
12.对于有黄疸、无其他身体异常、临床诊断为母乳性黄疸或生理性黄疸的孩子,我通常建议暂时不进行接种,待黄疸消退后再行接种。6556.020923.8
13.对于轻微咳嗽、无发热的孩子,我通常建议暂缓接种。8169.826930.6
14.甲状腺功能低下的儿童可以正常进行预防接种。7262.147854.4
15.脑瘫受种者,无其他身体异常状况,可以进行预防接种。9581.970179.8
16.早产儿,无其他身体异常,出生后应立即接种乙肝疫苗。10187.168978.5
17. 当受种方在接种后一段时间内出现不适症状后应告知处置流程。9682.842948.9
AEFI处置流程(填空题)
18.您需要告知的AEFI主要处置流程a----
AEFI保险补偿政策知识
19.适龄儿童接种免疫规划疫苗后发生预防接种异常反应能得到医疗费用等基本补偿。11195.772382.3
20.重庆市政府已为适龄儿童接种免疫规划疫苗购买了预防接种异常反应基础保险。116100.080291.3
21基本保险补偿里面包含对偶合症的补偿。9682.837142.3
22.通过购买预防接种异常反应补充保险,不可以获得家长误工费等额外的补偿。8270.743149.1
23.预防接种异常反应补充保险对非免疫规划疫苗的预防接种异常反应进行赔偿。9581.969879.5
24.预防接种异常反应补充保险将补偿接种后出现的偶合症。9178.470480.2
25.补充保险第一次购买后保障年限是0~14岁。5144.037442.6
预防接种操作知识
26.麻腮风疫苗的注射方式10590.575586.0
27.百白破疫苗的注射方式11094.880291.3
28.遇到接种百白破疫苗后出现5cm的无菌性脓肿怎么办?6253.425128.6
29.遇到家长报告接种疫苗出现皮肤疹子时,接种单位工作人员应在什么时间内报告AEFI监测系统?7766.434839.6
30.遇到接种者出现过敏性休克时,您应该优先使用肌肉注射肾上腺素。7968.136141.4
), ArticleFig(id=1240651450741748202, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651444882305125, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Single factor analysis of AEFI response capability status among vaccination personnel in Chongqing

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素分组均值±标准差tFP
性别男性19.4±5.53.267a-0.001
女性17.8±5.0
年龄(岁)≤3017.0±4.8-8.046<0.001
31~4018.3±5.4
41~5018.8±4.8
51~6019.2±4.3
学历中学及以下13.0±1.4-18.664<0.001
中专及大专17.0±4.7
大学本科18.7±5.2
硕士24.8±3.5
是否医学专业18.1±5.02.3100.021
15.9±4.6
工作类型疾控中心管理人员24.9±4.8-74.450<0.001
免疫规划专职管理人员24.3±4.5
AEFI处置人员25.7±4.8
接种单位管理人员17.5±4.7
预检及接种医生17.0±4.4
工作年限≤1023.5±4.0-2.6450.048
11~2022.4±4.3
21~3022.5±4.3
≥3122.4±4.2
是否知晓2015年补偿办法18.6±4.96.105-<0.001
15.8±4.9
是否参与过预防接种相关知识培训12.4±4.2-56.232<0.001
参加过市级21.2±4.5
参加过区县16.7±4.2-
市级区县都参加过20.6±4.2
是否参加预防接种异常反应补偿工作培训18.6±4.97.499-<0.001
15.8±4.9
是否知晓重庆市为具有基础性疾病儿童的接种设立了特需门诊18.4±5.06.624-<0.001
15.5±4.5
), ArticleFig(id=1240651452255891954, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651444882305125, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

重庆市预防接种相关人员AEFI处置能力得分的单因素统计学检验分组及结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素分组均值±标准差tFP
性别男性19.4±5.53.267a-0.001
女性17.8±5.0
年龄(岁)≤3017.0±4.8-8.046<0.001
31~4018.3±5.4
41~5018.8±4.8
51~6019.2±4.3
学历中学及以下13.0±1.4-18.664<0.001
中专及大专17.0±4.7
大学本科18.7±5.2
硕士24.8±3.5
是否医学专业18.1±5.02.3100.021
15.9±4.6
工作类型疾控中心管理人员24.9±4.8-74.450<0.001
免疫规划专职管理人员24.3±4.5
AEFI处置人员25.7±4.8
接种单位管理人员17.5±4.7
预检及接种医生17.0±4.4
工作年限≤1023.5±4.0-2.6450.048
11~2022.4±4.3
21~3022.5±4.3
≥3122.4±4.2
是否知晓2015年补偿办法18.6±4.96.105-<0.001
15.8±4.9
是否参与过预防接种相关知识培训12.4±4.2-56.232<0.001
参加过市级21.2±4.5
参加过区县16.7±4.2-
市级区县都参加过20.6±4.2
是否参加预防接种异常反应补偿工作培训18.6±4.97.499-<0.001
15.8±4.9
是否知晓重庆市为具有基础性疾病儿童的接种设立了特需门诊18.4±5.06.624-<0.001
15.5±4.5
), ArticleFig(id=1240651452348166649, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651444882305125, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

A linear regression model of factors influencing AEFI response capability status among vaccination personnel in Chongqing

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数分组β值(95% CI) CI标准误P
(常量)23.198(19.918~26.477)1.671<0.001
年龄(岁)≤30Ref.
31~400.875(0.242~1.507)0.3220.007
41~501.151(0.355~1.947)0.4060.005
51~601.427(-0.032~2.885)0.7430.055
工作类型疾控中心管理人员Ref.
免疫规划专职管理人员-0.323(-2.121~1.475)0.9160.724
AEFI专业工作人员1.552(-0.929~4.033)1.2640.220
接种单位管理人员-6.934(-8.580~-5.287)0.839<0.001
预检及接种医生-6.582(-8.204~-4.961)0.826<0.001
工作年限(年)0~10Ref.
11~20-0.179(-0.999~0.640)0.4180.667
21~30-1.446(-2.888~-0.004)0.7350.049
≥311.303(-1.474~4.081)1.4150.357
是否知晓2015年补偿办法Ref.
-1.809(-2.760~-0.858)0.485<0.001
是否参与过预防接种相关知识培训Ref.
参加过市级3.885(1.882~5.887)1.021<0.001
参加过区县3.223(1.597~4.849)0.829<0.001
市级区县都参加过4.998(3.292~6.705)0.870<0.001
是否参加预防接种异常反应补偿工作培训Ref.
-1.234(-1.961~-0.507)0.3700.001
是否知晓重庆市为具有基础性疾病儿童的接种设立了特需门诊Ref.
-0.970(-1.781~ -0.159)0.4130.019
), ArticleFig(id=1240651452461412865, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651444882305125, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

重庆市预防接种相关人员AEFI知识得分影响因素的线性回归模型结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数分组β值(95% CI) CI标准误P
(常量)23.198(19.918~26.477)1.671<0.001
年龄(岁)≤30Ref.
31~400.875(0.242~1.507)0.3220.007
41~501.151(0.355~1.947)0.4060.005
51~601.427(-0.032~2.885)0.7430.055
工作类型疾控中心管理人员Ref.
免疫规划专职管理人员-0.323(-2.121~1.475)0.9160.724
AEFI专业工作人员1.552(-0.929~4.033)1.2640.220
接种单位管理人员-6.934(-8.580~-5.287)0.839<0.001
预检及接种医生-6.582(-8.204~-4.961)0.826<0.001
工作年限(年)0~10Ref.
11~20-0.179(-0.999~0.640)0.4180.667
21~30-1.446(-2.888~-0.004)0.7350.049
≥311.303(-1.474~4.081)1.4150.357
是否知晓2015年补偿办法Ref.
-1.809(-2.760~-0.858)0.485<0.001
是否参与过预防接种相关知识培训Ref.
参加过市级3.885(1.882~5.887)1.021<0.001
参加过区县3.223(1.597~4.849)0.829<0.001
市级区县都参加过4.998(3.292~6.705)0.870<0.001
是否参加预防接种异常反应补偿工作培训Ref.
-1.234(-1.961~-0.507)0.3700.001
是否知晓重庆市为具有基础性疾病儿童的接种设立了特需门诊Ref.
-0.970(-1.781~ -0.159)0.4130.019
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重庆市预防接种人员疑似预防接种异常反应处置能力现况调查
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许濒月 , 柏宁培 , 刘洋 , 李建桥 , 王青
现代预防医学 | 基层卫生服务 2024,51(12): 2204-2209
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现代预防医学 | 基层卫生服务 2024, 51(12): 2204-2209
重庆市预防接种人员疑似预防接种异常反应处置能力现况调查
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许濒月, 柏宁培, 刘洋, 李建桥, 王青
作者信息
  • 重庆市疾病预防控制中心,重庆 400010
  • 许濒月(1987—),女,博士,主管医师,研究方向:免疫规划、疫苗异常反应处置。

通讯作者:

王青,E-mail:
Cross-sectional survey of vaccination staff in Chongqing on the incident response capability of adverse event following immunization (AEFI) and vaccination workers
Bin-yue XU, Ning-pei BAI, Yang LIU, Jian-qiao LI, Qing WANG
Affiliations
  • Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing 400010, China
出版时间: 2024-06-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202402062
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目的

了解重庆市预防接种工作人员疑似预防接种异常反应(AEFI)处置能力现状。

方法

采用描述流行病学方法分析重庆市预防接种工作人员AEFI处置相关知识水平和影响因素。

结果

994名调查对象中,97.0%具医学专业背景。调查对象对总分为35分的AEFI处置相关问题进行回答,平均得分(18.0±5.1)分。工作年限在21~30年的接种人员得分更低(β=-1.446,95% CI: -2.888~-0.004);参加过区县级(β=3.223,95% CI: 1.597~4.849)、参加过市级(β=3.885,95% CI: 1.882~5.887)及市级和区县级均参加过(β=4.998,95% CI: 3.292~6.705)的接种人员得分更高。

结论

重庆市基层预防接种人员AEFI处置能力参差不齐,今后应进一步加强培训,强化人才队伍培养。

预防接种  /  AEFI处置  /  能力调查
Objective

To explore the incident response capability of adverse event following immunization (AEFI) of vaccination staff in Chongqing.

Methods

Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the level and influencing factors of AEFI response capability among committees and vaccination workers in basic-level CDC and Vaccination units in Chongqing.

Results

Among the 994 surveyed individuals, 97.0% had a medical background. The survey respondents answered AEFI disposal related questions with a total score of 35, with an average score of (18.0±5.1) points. Vaccination personnel with work experience of 21-30 years scored lower(β=-1.446, 95%CI: -2.888--0.004), and the ones who participated in district and county-level events(β= 3.223, 95%CI: 1.597-4.849), participated in municipal level events(β=3.885, 95%CI: 1.882-5.887), as well as city and district/county level participants(β=4.998,95%CI: 3.292-6.705) scored higher.

Conclusion

The disposal ability of AEFI among the basic-level vaccinators in Chongqing is uneven, and training should be strengthened in the future.

Vaccination  /  AEFI treatment  /  Capacity survey
许濒月, 柏宁培, 刘洋, 李建桥, 王青. 重庆市预防接种人员疑似预防接种异常反应处置能力现况调查. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (12) : 2204 -2209 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202402062
Bin-yue XU, Ning-pei BAI, Yang LIU, Jian-qiao LI, Qing WANG. Cross-sectional survey of vaccination staff in Chongqing on the incident response capability of adverse event following immunization (AEFI) and vaccination workers[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (12) : 2204 -2209 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202402062
随着疫苗的广泛使用,疫苗针对性疾病不断被控制,公众对疫苗安全的关注愈发增加[1-3]。在疫苗安全监管基础上,改善政府同公众沟通效果、提高基层医务人员疑似预防接种异常反应(adverse event following immunization,AEFI)工作专业处置能力,正被越来越多的国家认可和采纳[4-5]。AEFI处置能力包含AEFI监测、临床救治、公众沟通、调查诊断和疫苗伤害补偿政策解释等内容[5]。强化基层AEFI处置能力,是各地顺利开展疫苗安全监测和疫苗不良反应救治工作、妥善化解群众纠纷的基石。为调查重庆市基层AEFI处置能力现状,发现可能存在的问题,以便为进一步改善AEFI处置能力提供科学依据,重庆市疾病预防控制中心于 2021年6月-9月对全市基层疾病预防控制机构和接种单位预防接种工作人员的AEFI处置能力开展了现况调查。
1.1.1 重庆市39个区县疾病预防控制机构预防接种相关工作人员。根据实际情况,每个区县配备疾病预防控制机构分管免疫规划工作的主任、免疫规划科科长及AEFI处置人员各1名,研究将以上人员全部纳入进行普查。
1.1.2 重庆市39个区县辖区范围内接种单位的工作人员,包括接种单位管理人员、预检及接种医生。调查样本量按照横断面调查的样本量计算公式进行计算:
本次调查研究中α=0.05、π是对各区县接种人员预防接种相关知识知晓率。因知晓率未知,取π=50%,使π(1-π)达到最大,允许误差δ=0.05,计算得N=385人。因此,接种单位工作人员至少应调查385人。
采用多阶段抽样的方法抽取接种单位工作人员开展调查。通过分层整群抽样方法,在39个区县各自辖区内,各随机抽取3个接种单位,重庆市2家特殊健康状态儿童接种单位在抽样之外直接纳入。共需调查119家接种单位,计划每个接种单位调查4人,共计调查接种单位工作人员476人。其中,1名管理人员直接纳入调查;预检及接种人员通过单纯随机抽样法进行抽样。本研究调查方案通过了重庆市疾病预防控制机构医学伦理委员会专家评审,审批编号为 KY-2023-021-1。
结合基层AEFI处置工作内容,自行设计调查问卷,并经过数名免疫规划专家讨论和论证后开展调查。问卷内容包括:基本情况(年龄、性别、文化程度、是否具有医学专业背景、从事本工作年限、是否参加AEFI处置能力培训会)、预防接种知识(包括接种程序、AEFI处置、接种禁忌判定、接种操作、AEFI保险补偿机制等知识)掌握程度。考核题目一共包括29道选择/判断题和1道填空题。29道选择/判断题中,正确回答1题得1分,错误得0分;1道填空题,共计6分,疾病预防控制机构工作人员得分核心点为报告、调查、诊断分类、指导临床救治、补偿政策介绍、鉴定程序介绍6个部分,答对1个核心点得1分,接种单位工作人员得分核心点为报告、指导临床救治和AEFI补偿机制介绍3个部分,答对1个核心点计2分。调查利用问卷星在线问卷平台创建电子问卷录入系统,被调查对象通过手机扫描问卷二维码后自行在手机中完成问卷填写和录入。
采用 Excel 2010软件和SPSS 26.0统计软件包对定量调查数据进行统计学描述和分析。基层人员知识得分的影响因素采用t检验或方差分析进行单因素分析,将单因素分析中P≤0. 20 的变量纳入线性回归模型进行多因素分析,检验水准α=0. 05。
共调查994名基层人员。其中,疾病预防控制机构AEFI处置相关人员共116人;抽样调查39个区县接种单位工作人员878人,包括176名管理人员和702名预检及接种医生。
10.7%被调查人员不知晓《重庆市AEFI补偿办法》(2015年版)。80.8%的人员工作年限不足10年,62.3%只参加过区县级的预防接种相关工作培训,77.8%参加预防接种异常反应补偿工作培训,85.4%的人员知晓重庆市为具有基础性疾病儿童的接种设立了特需门诊。详见表1
基层人员对总分35分的预防接种、AEFI处置等相关问题分别进行了回答。得分呈正态分布,最低0分,最高34分,平均得分为(18.0±5.1)分。其中,疾控中心工作人员得分呈正态分布,得分最低12分、最高34分,平均得分(24.7±4.6)分。接种单位工作人员得分呈正态分布,最低0.0分、最高27.0分,平均为(17.1±4.5)分。详见表2
基层人员AEFI处置能力得分与单因素线性相关分析结果详见表3,相关的因素包括年龄、学历、医学专业毕业、工作年限以及参加培训等。以基层人员AEFI处置能力得分为因变量,以单因素分析结果P≤0.20为界限,将自变量纳入多因素线性回归模型进行检验。模型中,R2=0.354,F=25.297,P<0.001,残差呈正态分布,模型具有统计学意义;方差膨胀因子最大值 8.197,自变量间不存在多重共线性。结果详见表4
表4结果可知,相较于30岁及以下年龄,31~40岁(β=0.875)及41~50岁(β=1.151)的能力得分更高;相较于工作0-10年的工作人员,工作年限在21-30年的得分更低(β=-1.446)。相较于疾控中心管理人员,尚不能认为免疫规划专职管理人员和AEFI专业工作人员的能力得分存在差异,但接种单位管理人员(β=-6.934)和预检/接种医生(β=-6.582)的能力得分逐渐减低。相较于没有参加过预防接种知识培训的工作人员,参加过区县级(β=3.223)、参加过市级(β=3.885)以及市级和区县级均参加过(β=4.998)的工作人员得分逐渐升高;不知晓2015年AEFI补偿办法(β=-1.809)、未参加预防接种异常反应补偿工作培训(β=-1.234)、不知晓重庆市为具有基础性疾病儿童的接种设立了特需门诊(β=-0.970)的工作人员,能力得分越低。
本研究首次在重庆市预防接种人员中开展AEFI处置能力调查,对后续制定相关培训策略、提高基层预防接种人员相关能力具有重要公共卫生学意义。本调查发现,部分工作人员在接种后不良反应治疗药物使用、补偿政策方面的知识和技能的掌握程度尚不能满足工作需求[6-7],这提示今后需提高培训频率和强度,增进AEFI处置人员对AEFI处置相关知识的了解,防范公众沟通不良导致群众上访的风险[8-9]。相较于工作0~10年的工作人员,工作年限在21~30年的得分更低,结合接种单位管理人员和预检/接种医生的能力得分较疾控中心管理人员低、参加过市级或市区两级预防接种知识培训、加预防接种异常反应补偿工作培训的工作人员得分更高等分析结果,培训应尤其对工作年限少、工作年限低于10年或高于20年的接种单位工作人员倾斜。建议相关部门制定系统、全面的培训计划,将AEFI处置培训纳入其中,保障接种工作人员人人参与培训,每轮培训结束后配合考核及效果评价,并征求接种人员的培训意见及建议,不断完善培训方案,以提高其AEFI处置能力,更好地做好预防接种服务工作。
世界卫生组织《2011-2020全球行动指南》指出,预防接种应推荐给所有人群,特别是那些因为基础疾病而更易受到传染病侵袭的人群[10-11];2021版《国家免疫规划疫苗儿童免疫程序及说明》也明确提出具有基础疾病的特殊健康状态儿童在病情稳定时可以正常接种。但一些基层接种医生不具备判断基础疾病儿童是否适合接种的能力,该类儿童疫苗接种率一直不太理想[12-13]。本研究发现,重庆市接种人员在判断先天性心脏病儿童能否接种方面相对较好,但在判断过敏性体质、生理性黄疸及甲状腺功能低下儿童是否适合接种方面存在障碍。相较于郑州市2007年的调查,10余年后重庆市相关工作人员在判断受种者能否接种的能力并无明显提升[12]。因此,重庆市接种服务方在判断基础疾病儿童能否接种方面存在薄弱环节,不能满足预防接种和AEFI处置的工作要求,需加大培训力度,以过硬的业务能力赢得儿童监护人的信任。
综上,重庆市预防接种人员AEFI处置能力参差不齐,在不同年龄和工作时限的工作人员中存在差异,对预防接种禁忌证的认知度存在薄弱环节,需进一步开展多种途径的相关知识培训,提高预防接种人员AEFI处置能力。
  • 国家重点研发计划项目(SQ2022YFC2704905)
  • 重庆市科卫联合医学科研项目(2024MSXM021)
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2024年第51卷第12期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202402062
  • 接收时间:2024-02-05
  • 首发时间:2026-03-17
  • 出版时间:2024-06-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-02-05
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(SQ2022YFC2704905)
重庆市科卫联合医学科研项目(2024MSXM021)
作者信息
    重庆市疾病预防控制中心,重庆 400010

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
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红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
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