Article(id=1240651444563530433, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240651438955754377, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202403342, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1710777600000, receivedDateStr=2024-03-19, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773723954573, onlineDateStr=2026-03-17, pubDate=1719244800000, pubDateStr=2024-06-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773723954573, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773723954573, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773723954573, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240651438955754377, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='12', pageStart='2113', pageEnd='2912', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773723953236, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773723953236, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2262, endPage=2269, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240651444890686161, articleId=1240651444563530433, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Influenza vaccination willingness and its influencing factors among elderly patients with chronic disease, Chongqing, columnId=1228016573156360233, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Disease Control and Prevention, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the influenza vaccination willingness and influencing factors among elderly patients with chronic diseases in Chongqing, providing a scientific basis for the development of targeted vaccine policies and intervention measures.

Methods

A multi-stage sampling method was employed to randomly select 1 280 elderly patients with chronic diseases in five districts of Chongqing for an investigation into their influenza vaccination willingness. Univariate analysis was performed using the t-test and chi-square test, and binary logistic regression analysis and the standardized score were used to analyze the influencing factors of influenza vaccination willingness among elderly patients with chronic diseases.

Results

Of the 1 211 eligible survey respondents, only 13.1% of elderly patients with chronic diseases had received the influenza vaccination during the 2022-2023 influenza season, and 56.3% were willing to receive the influenza vaccination in the 2023-2024 influenza season. The willingness to receive influenza vaccination among elderly patients with chronic diseases was higher among ethnic minorities (OR=3.49, 95%CI:1.21-10.02), households or unemployed individuals (OR=2.53, 95%CI:1.05-6.09), individuals with an average monthly household income per capita exceeding 5 000 RMB (OR=2.86, 95%CI:1.33-6.13), those with qualified knowledge of influenza vaccination (OR=1.38, 95%CI:1.02-1.87), and under the policy of free vaccination (OR=56.97, 95% CI:24.38-133.09). The behavioral and social drivers (BeSD) survey indicated that the belief in the effectiveness and safety of the influenza vaccine and fear of infecting friends or family members were the primary driving factors of influenza vaccine uptake, while the perception of the high costs of influenza vaccination was the most significant barrier.

Conclusion

The influenza vaccination willingness among elderly patients with chronic diseases in Chongqing needs further improvement. Governmental authorities, healthcare institutions, and communities should enhance the dissemination of knowledge about influenza vaccines, enhance social support, implement subsidies or free vaccination policies for priority populations, and encourage proactive influenza vaccine uptake among elderly patients with chronic diseases.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Zhou-rong LI, Jiang LONG, Yu XIONG, Ting-ting LI, Lin FU, Yu-long YANG, Si-pei XU, Yong ZHAO, Li QI), CN=ArticleExt(id=1240651447860253528, articleId=1240651444563530433, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=重庆市老年慢性病患者流感疫苗接种意愿及其影响因素分析, columnId=1228016573844226129, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=疾病预防控制, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

了解重庆市老年慢性病患者流感疫苗接种意愿及其影响因素,为针对性制定疫苗接种政策和干预措施提供科学依据。

方法

采用多阶段分层抽样法,随机抽取重庆市5个区/县1 280名老年慢性病患者进行流感疫苗接种意愿调查,采用t/χ2检验进行单因素分析,采用二元logistic回归和标准化评分法分析老年慢性病患者流感疫苗接种意愿影响因素。

结果

在1 211名合格调查对象中,仅13.1%的老年慢性病患者在2022—2023年流感季曾接种流感疫苗,56.3%的老年慢性病患者愿意在2023—2024年流感季接种流感疫苗。少数民族(OR=3.49, 95%CI:1.21~10.02)、家务及待业人员(OR=2.53, 95%CI:1.05~6.09)、家庭人均月收入大于5 000元(OR=2.86, 95%CI:1.33~6.13)、流感疫苗相关知识掌握合格(OR=1.38, 95%CI:1.02~1.87)、免费接种政策下(OR=56.97, 95%CI:24.38~133.09)老年慢性病患者流感疫苗接种意愿更高。行为与社会驱动因素(Behavioural and social drivers, BeSD)调查结果显示,相信流感疫苗的有效性和安全性、担心感染流感会传染给朋友或家人是促进流感疫苗接种的最主要因素,而认为接种流感疫苗费用过高是影响疫苗接种的最大障碍。

结论

重庆市老年慢性病患者流感疫苗接种意愿有待进一步提升,政府部门、医疗机构及社区应加强流感疫苗知识宣教,提高社会支持水平,实施重点人群疫苗接种补助或免费政策,促进老年慢性病患者主动接种流感疫苗。

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漆莉,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=W9rpKtPGH5LHfwGqKQZISA==, magXml=iP4P0SBpdiZk4nqfF9c0dg==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=Btld28qBbntX9xBd5NCTNA==, pdfFileSize=897166, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=cOtgW+pPg8fuw0DkGTytuQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=R8lFNmpj3dqWQtL68YvTag==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

李周蓉(1997—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:流行病学、传染病学、健康行为及健康教育学研究

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2.重庆医科大学公共卫生学院
3.重庆市新型建设智库公共卫生安全研究中心
4.重庆医科大学医学与社会发展研究中心
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李周蓉(1997—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:流行病学、传染病学、健康行为及健康教育学研究

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3.重庆市新型建设智库公共卫生安全研究中心
4.重庆医科大学医学与社会发展研究中心
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注:从上到下,各驱动因素平均得分分别为:1.44、1.35、1.27、1.40、1.46、1.18、1.09、1.33、1.13、1.37、1.31。

, figureFileSmall=E/qy+SDRrjbPSHtk02fpYQ==, figureFileBig=cOtgW+pPg8fuw0DkGTytuQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240651455154147675, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651444563530433, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Barriers to influenza vaccine willingness among elderly patients with chronic diseases (n=529), figureFileSmall=pyQoipA7/fP8v9TxeIcL9Q==, figureFileBig=9VJUE+FEvpf8RKs2V/sN/w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240651456685068643, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651444563530433, language=CN, label=图2, caption=老年慢性病患者流感疫苗接种障碍 (n=529)

注:从上到下,各阻碍因素平均得分分别为:1.05、0.84、0.95、0.88、0.76、0.43、1.10、1.04、0.82、1.33、1.11、0.66、0.55、0.39。

, figureFileSmall=pyQoipA7/fP8v9TxeIcL9Q==, figureFileBig=9VJUE+FEvpf8RKs2V/sN/w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240651456794120556, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651444563530433, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Univariate analysis of influenza vaccination willingness among elderly patients with chronic diseases in Chongqing

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征总计2023—2024流感季流感疫苗接种意愿t/χ2P
犹豫愿意
总计1 211(100.0)529(43.7)682(56.3)
基本人口学特征
年龄(岁,70.9±6.4170.9±6.6170.8±6.260.1590.874
年龄分组(岁)
60~69514(42.4)217(42.2)297(57.8)0.8150.665
70~79574(47.4)256(44.6)318(55.4)
≥80123(10.2)56(45.5)67(54.5)
性别[n(%)]0.0330.855
男性443(36.6)192(43.3)251(56.7)
女性768(63.4)337(43.9)431(56.1)
民族15.602<0.001
汉族1 172(96.8)524(44.7)648(55.3)
少数民族39(3.2)5(12.8)34(87.2)
居住地1.8080.179
农村470(38.8)194(41.3)276(58.7)
城镇741(61.2)335(45.2)406(54.8)
婚姻状况15.4810.001
未婚8(0.7)4(50.0)4(50.0)
已婚991(81.8)407(41.1)584(58.9)
丧偶194(16.0)107(55.2)87(44.8)
离异18(1.5)11(61.1)7(38.9)
文化程度1.9700.579
小学及以下764(63.1)326(42.7)438(57.3)
初中345(28.5)153(44.3)192(55.7)
高中/中专/技校81(6.7)41(50.6)40(49.4)
大专/本科及以上21(1.7)9(42.9)12(57.1)
职业55.898<0.001
企事业单位人员62(5.1)30(48.4)32(51.6)
商业/服务业人员32(2.6)17(53.1)15(46.9)
工人/农民651(53.8)297(45.6)354(54.4)
离退人员135(11.2)88(65.2)47(34.8)
家务及待业人员331(27.3)97(29.3)234(70.7)
医保类型25.183<0.001
城乡居民基本医疗保险940(77.6)376(40.0)564(60.0)
城镇职工基本医疗保险262(21.6)150(57.3)112(42.7)
其他9(0.7)3(33.3)6(66.7)
家庭人均月收入[元,n(%)]29.128<0.001
<2 000705(58.2)306(43.4)399(56.6)
2 000~5 000415(34.3)206(49.6)209(50.4)
>5 00091(7.5)17(18.7)74(81.3)
慢性病数量[种,n(%)]3.5290.171
1481(39.7)195(40.5)286(59.5)
2688(56.8)313(45.5)375(54.5)
342(3.5)21(50.0)21(50.0)
流感患病及疫苗接种现状
2022—2023年流感季是否患流感25.266<0.001
是,病情较重48(4.0)16(33.3)32(66.7)
是,病情较轻483(39.9)173(35.8)310(64.2)
680(56.2)340(50.0)340(50.0)
2022—2023年流感季是否接种过流感疫苗77.920<0.001
159(13.1)18(11.3)141(88.7)
1 052(86.9)511(48.6)541(51.4)
接种地点(n=159)1.7110.425
医院53(33.3)8(15.1)45(84.9)
疾病预防控制中心预防接种门诊5(3.1)1(20.0)4(80.0)
社区卫生服务中心/村卫生室101(63.5)9(8.9)92(91.1)
不良反应(n=159)3.0180.082
2(1.3)1(50.0)1(50.0)
157(98.7)17(10.8)140(89.2)
支付方式(n=159)6.6730.081
自费124(78.0)14(11.3)110(88.7)
单位报销4(2.5)2(50.0)2(50.0)
医保卡支付30(18.9)2(6.7)28(93.3)
其他1(0.6)0(0)1(100.0)
流感疫苗相关知识及格情况35.136<0.001
及格607(50.1)214(35.3)393(64.7)
不及格604(49.9)315(52.2)289(47.8)
流感疫苗相关知识得分(分,6.30±3.125.34±3.517.04±2.559.730<0.001
流感疫苗接种政策
免费接种政策下是否愿意接种282.282<0.001
1 008(83.2)332(32.9)676(67.1)
203(16.8)197(97.0)6(3.0)
), ArticleFig(id=1240651456911561077, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651444563530433, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

重庆市老年慢性病患者流感疫苗接种意愿单因素分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征总计2023—2024流感季流感疫苗接种意愿t/χ2P
犹豫愿意
总计1 211(100.0)529(43.7)682(56.3)
基本人口学特征
年龄(岁,70.9±6.4170.9±6.6170.8±6.260.1590.874
年龄分组(岁)
60~69514(42.4)217(42.2)297(57.8)0.8150.665
70~79574(47.4)256(44.6)318(55.4)
≥80123(10.2)56(45.5)67(54.5)
性别[n(%)]0.0330.855
男性443(36.6)192(43.3)251(56.7)
女性768(63.4)337(43.9)431(56.1)
民族15.602<0.001
汉族1 172(96.8)524(44.7)648(55.3)
少数民族39(3.2)5(12.8)34(87.2)
居住地1.8080.179
农村470(38.8)194(41.3)276(58.7)
城镇741(61.2)335(45.2)406(54.8)
婚姻状况15.4810.001
未婚8(0.7)4(50.0)4(50.0)
已婚991(81.8)407(41.1)584(58.9)
丧偶194(16.0)107(55.2)87(44.8)
离异18(1.5)11(61.1)7(38.9)
文化程度1.9700.579
小学及以下764(63.1)326(42.7)438(57.3)
初中345(28.5)153(44.3)192(55.7)
高中/中专/技校81(6.7)41(50.6)40(49.4)
大专/本科及以上21(1.7)9(42.9)12(57.1)
职业55.898<0.001
企事业单位人员62(5.1)30(48.4)32(51.6)
商业/服务业人员32(2.6)17(53.1)15(46.9)
工人/农民651(53.8)297(45.6)354(54.4)
离退人员135(11.2)88(65.2)47(34.8)
家务及待业人员331(27.3)97(29.3)234(70.7)
医保类型25.183<0.001
城乡居民基本医疗保险940(77.6)376(40.0)564(60.0)
城镇职工基本医疗保险262(21.6)150(57.3)112(42.7)
其他9(0.7)3(33.3)6(66.7)
家庭人均月收入[元,n(%)]29.128<0.001
<2 000705(58.2)306(43.4)399(56.6)
2 000~5 000415(34.3)206(49.6)209(50.4)
>5 00091(7.5)17(18.7)74(81.3)
慢性病数量[种,n(%)]3.5290.171
1481(39.7)195(40.5)286(59.5)
2688(56.8)313(45.5)375(54.5)
342(3.5)21(50.0)21(50.0)
流感患病及疫苗接种现状
2022—2023年流感季是否患流感25.266<0.001
是,病情较重48(4.0)16(33.3)32(66.7)
是,病情较轻483(39.9)173(35.8)310(64.2)
680(56.2)340(50.0)340(50.0)
2022—2023年流感季是否接种过流感疫苗77.920<0.001
159(13.1)18(11.3)141(88.7)
1 052(86.9)511(48.6)541(51.4)
接种地点(n=159)1.7110.425
医院53(33.3)8(15.1)45(84.9)
疾病预防控制中心预防接种门诊5(3.1)1(20.0)4(80.0)
社区卫生服务中心/村卫生室101(63.5)9(8.9)92(91.1)
不良反应(n=159)3.0180.082
2(1.3)1(50.0)1(50.0)
157(98.7)17(10.8)140(89.2)
支付方式(n=159)6.6730.081
自费124(78.0)14(11.3)110(88.7)
单位报销4(2.5)2(50.0)2(50.0)
医保卡支付30(18.9)2(6.7)28(93.3)
其他1(0.6)0(0)1(100.0)
流感疫苗相关知识及格情况35.136<0.001
及格607(50.1)214(35.3)393(64.7)
不及格604(49.9)315(52.2)289(47.8)
流感疫苗相关知识得分(分,6.30±3.125.34±3.517.04±2.559.730<0.001
流感疫苗接种政策
免费接种政策下是否愿意接种282.282<0.001
1 008(83.2)332(32.9)676(67.1)
203(16.8)197(97.0)6(3.0)
), ArticleFig(id=1240651457003835773, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651444563530433, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Knowledge about influenza vaccine among elderly patients with chronic diseases in Chongqing[n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
条目
认为接种流感疫苗是预防流感最有效的途径616(50.9)595(49.1)
流感疫苗接种的重点人群
60岁及以上居家老年人923(76.2)288(23.8)
医务人员896(74.0)315(26.0)
糖尿病患者872(72.0)339(28.0)
慢性呼吸系统疾病患者861(71.1)350(28.9)
高血压患者846(69.9)365(30.1)
养老机构、长期护理机构、福利院等人群聚集场所脆弱人群及员工807(66.6)404(33.4)
重点场所人群(教师、学生等)785(64.8)426(35.2)
大型活动参与和保障人员704(58.1)507(41.9)
婴幼儿及儿童675(55.7)536(44.3)
孕妇516(42.6)695(57.4)
), ArticleFig(id=1240651457087721858, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651444563530433, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

重庆市老年慢性病患者流感疫苗相关知识[n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
条目
认为接种流感疫苗是预防流感最有效的途径616(50.9)595(49.1)
流感疫苗接种的重点人群
60岁及以上居家老年人923(76.2)288(23.8)
医务人员896(74.0)315(26.0)
糖尿病患者872(72.0)339(28.0)
慢性呼吸系统疾病患者861(71.1)350(28.9)
高血压患者846(69.9)365(30.1)
养老机构、长期护理机构、福利院等人群聚集场所脆弱人群及员工807(66.6)404(33.4)
重点场所人群(教师、学生等)785(64.8)426(35.2)
大型活动参与和保障人员704(58.1)507(41.9)
婴幼儿及儿童675(55.7)536(44.3)
孕妇516(42.6)695(57.4)
), ArticleFig(id=1240651457184190861, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651444563530433, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Binary logistic regression analysis of influenza vaccination willingness among elderly patients with chronic diseases in Chongqing

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
影响因素OR(95% CI)P
基本人口学特征
年龄(岁)
60~69(参考)1
70~790.86(0.63~1.18)0.355
≥800.96(0.57~1.63)0.890
性别
男性(参考)1
女性0.88(0.64~1.21)0.427
民族
汉族(参考)1
少数民族3.49(1.21~10.02)0.020
居住地
农村(参考)1
城镇0.94(0.68~1.32)0.746
婚姻状况
未婚(参考)1
已婚1.25(0.22~7.08)0.798
丧偶0.75(0.13~4.36)0.746
离异1.27(0.14~11.40)0.830
文化程度
小学及以下(参考)
初中1.08(0.74~1.59)0.679
高中/中专/技校1.13(0.52~2.47)0.755
大专/本科及以上1.07(0.32~3.61)0.907
职业
企事业单位人员(参考)1
商业/服务业人员2.44(0.65~9.20)0.188
工人/农民0.98(0.43~2.26)0.971
离退人员0.91(0.40~2.07)0.818
家务及待业人员2.53(1.05~6.09)0.038
医保类型
城乡居民基本医疗保险(参考)1
城镇职工基本医疗保险0.75(0.43~1.32)0.325
其他0.75(0.14~3.86)0.727
家庭人均月收入(元)<2 000(参考)1
2 000~5 0000.95(0.66~1.38)0.807
>5 0002.86(1.33~6.13)0.007
慢性病数量(种)
1(参考)1
20.83(0.62~1.11)0.211
30.53(0.24~1.17)0.115
流感患病及疫苗接种现状
2022年以来,是否患过流感
是,病情较重(参考)1
是,病情较轻0.41(0.18~0.97)0.043
0.35(0.15~0.81)0.014
2022年以来,是否接种过流感疫苗
是(参考)1
0.15(0.09~0.27)<0.001
流感疫苗相关知识得分
不及格(参考)1
及格1.38(1.02~1.87)0.037
流感疫苗接种政策
免费接种政策下是否愿意接种否(参考)1
56.97(24.38~133.09)<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1240651457280659862, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651444563530433, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

重庆市老年慢性病患者流感疫苗接种意愿二元logistic回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
影响因素OR(95% CI)P
基本人口学特征
年龄(岁)
60~69(参考)1
70~790.86(0.63~1.18)0.355
≥800.96(0.57~1.63)0.890
性别
男性(参考)1
女性0.88(0.64~1.21)0.427
民族
汉族(参考)1
少数民族3.49(1.21~10.02)0.020
居住地
农村(参考)1
城镇0.94(0.68~1.32)0.746
婚姻状况
未婚(参考)1
已婚1.25(0.22~7.08)0.798
丧偶0.75(0.13~4.36)0.746
离异1.27(0.14~11.40)0.830
文化程度
小学及以下(参考)
初中1.08(0.74~1.59)0.679
高中/中专/技校1.13(0.52~2.47)0.755
大专/本科及以上1.07(0.32~3.61)0.907
职业
企事业单位人员(参考)1
商业/服务业人员2.44(0.65~9.20)0.188
工人/农民0.98(0.43~2.26)0.971
离退人员0.91(0.40~2.07)0.818
家务及待业人员2.53(1.05~6.09)0.038
医保类型
城乡居民基本医疗保险(参考)1
城镇职工基本医疗保险0.75(0.43~1.32)0.325
其他0.75(0.14~3.86)0.727
家庭人均月收入(元)<2 000(参考)1
2 000~5 0000.95(0.66~1.38)0.807
>5 0002.86(1.33~6.13)0.007
慢性病数量(种)
1(参考)1
20.83(0.62~1.11)0.211
30.53(0.24~1.17)0.115
流感患病及疫苗接种现状
2022年以来,是否患过流感
是,病情较重(参考)1
是,病情较轻0.41(0.18~0.97)0.043
0.35(0.15~0.81)0.014
2022年以来,是否接种过流感疫苗
是(参考)1
0.15(0.09~0.27)<0.001
流感疫苗相关知识得分
不及格(参考)1
及格1.38(1.02~1.87)0.037
流感疫苗接种政策
免费接种政策下是否愿意接种否(参考)1
56.97(24.38~133.09)<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1240651457486180765, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651444563530433, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Distribution of behavioural and social drivers of influenza vaccination [n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
维度不符合基本符合符合标准化得分(分,a
驱动因素
想法与感受381(11.2)1 331(39.0)1 698(49.8)1.39±0.54
社会支持417(20.4)804(39.3)825(40.3)1.20±0.64
实际问题256(12.5)986(48.2)807(39.4)1.27±0.52
阻碍因素
想法与感受1 312(41.3)1 125(35.4)739(23.3)0.82±0.55
社会支持475(29.9)660(41.6)452(28.5)0.99±0.67
实际问题1 144(43.3)862(32.6)639(24.2)0.81±0.49
), ArticleFig(id=1240651457616204199, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651444563530433, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

流感疫苗接种BeSD分析[n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
维度不符合基本符合符合标准化得分(分,a
驱动因素
想法与感受381(11.2)1 331(39.0)1 698(49.8)1.39±0.54
社会支持417(20.4)804(39.3)825(40.3)1.20±0.64
实际问题256(12.5)986(48.2)807(39.4)1.27±0.52
阻碍因素
想法与感受1 312(41.3)1 125(35.4)739(23.3)0.82±0.55
社会支持475(29.9)660(41.6)452(28.5)0.99±0.67
实际问题1 144(43.3)862(32.6)639(24.2)0.81±0.49
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重庆市老年慢性病患者流感疫苗接种意愿及其影响因素分析
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李周蓉 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 , 龙江 1 , 熊宇 1 , 李婷婷 1 , 付琳 2, 3, 4, 5 , 杨钰隆 2, 3, 4 , 徐斯珮 6 , 赵勇 2, 3, 4, 5 , 漆莉 1
现代预防医学 | 疾病预防控制 2024,51(12): 2262-2269
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现代预防医学 | 疾病预防控制 2024, 51(12): 2262-2269
重庆市老年慢性病患者流感疫苗接种意愿及其影响因素分析
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李周蓉1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 龙江1, 熊宇1, 李婷婷1, 付琳2, 3, 4, 5, 杨钰隆2, 3, 4, 徐斯珮6, 赵勇2, 3, 4, 5, 漆莉1
作者信息
  • 1.重庆市疾病预防控制中心传染病预防控制所,重庆 400799
  • 2.重庆医科大学公共卫生学院
  • 3.重庆市新型建设智库公共卫生安全研究中心
  • 4.重庆医科大学医学与社会发展研究中心
  • 5.川渝区域性营养创新平台
  • 6.重庆医科大学第一临床学院
  • 李周蓉(1997—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:流行病学、传染病学、健康行为及健康教育学研究

通讯作者:

漆莉,E-mail:
Influenza vaccination willingness and its influencing factors among elderly patients with chronic disease, Chongqing
Zhou-rong LI1, 2, 3, 4, 5, Jiang LONG1, Yu XIONG1, Ting-ting LI1, Lin FU2, 3, 4, 5, Yu-long YANG2, 3, 4, Si-pei XU6, Yong ZHAO2, 3, 4, 5, Li QI1
Affiliations
  • Infectious Disease Control and Prevention Department, Chongqing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing 400799, China
出版时间: 2024-06-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202403342
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目的

了解重庆市老年慢性病患者流感疫苗接种意愿及其影响因素,为针对性制定疫苗接种政策和干预措施提供科学依据。

方法

采用多阶段分层抽样法,随机抽取重庆市5个区/县1 280名老年慢性病患者进行流感疫苗接种意愿调查,采用t/χ2检验进行单因素分析,采用二元logistic回归和标准化评分法分析老年慢性病患者流感疫苗接种意愿影响因素。

结果

在1 211名合格调查对象中,仅13.1%的老年慢性病患者在2022—2023年流感季曾接种流感疫苗,56.3%的老年慢性病患者愿意在2023—2024年流感季接种流感疫苗。少数民族(OR=3.49, 95%CI:1.21~10.02)、家务及待业人员(OR=2.53, 95%CI:1.05~6.09)、家庭人均月收入大于5 000元(OR=2.86, 95%CI:1.33~6.13)、流感疫苗相关知识掌握合格(OR=1.38, 95%CI:1.02~1.87)、免费接种政策下(OR=56.97, 95%CI:24.38~133.09)老年慢性病患者流感疫苗接种意愿更高。行为与社会驱动因素(Behavioural and social drivers, BeSD)调查结果显示,相信流感疫苗的有效性和安全性、担心感染流感会传染给朋友或家人是促进流感疫苗接种的最主要因素,而认为接种流感疫苗费用过高是影响疫苗接种的最大障碍。

结论

重庆市老年慢性病患者流感疫苗接种意愿有待进一步提升,政府部门、医疗机构及社区应加强流感疫苗知识宣教,提高社会支持水平,实施重点人群疫苗接种补助或免费政策,促进老年慢性病患者主动接种流感疫苗。

老年慢性病患者  /  流感疫苗  /  接种意愿  /  行为与社会驱动因素(BeSD)
Objective

To investigate the influenza vaccination willingness and influencing factors among elderly patients with chronic diseases in Chongqing, providing a scientific basis for the development of targeted vaccine policies and intervention measures.

Methods

A multi-stage sampling method was employed to randomly select 1 280 elderly patients with chronic diseases in five districts of Chongqing for an investigation into their influenza vaccination willingness. Univariate analysis was performed using the t-test and chi-square test, and binary logistic regression analysis and the standardized score were used to analyze the influencing factors of influenza vaccination willingness among elderly patients with chronic diseases.

Results

Of the 1 211 eligible survey respondents, only 13.1% of elderly patients with chronic diseases had received the influenza vaccination during the 2022-2023 influenza season, and 56.3% were willing to receive the influenza vaccination in the 2023-2024 influenza season. The willingness to receive influenza vaccination among elderly patients with chronic diseases was higher among ethnic minorities (OR=3.49, 95%CI:1.21-10.02), households or unemployed individuals (OR=2.53, 95%CI:1.05-6.09), individuals with an average monthly household income per capita exceeding 5 000 RMB (OR=2.86, 95%CI:1.33-6.13), those with qualified knowledge of influenza vaccination (OR=1.38, 95%CI:1.02-1.87), and under the policy of free vaccination (OR=56.97, 95% CI:24.38-133.09). The behavioral and social drivers (BeSD) survey indicated that the belief in the effectiveness and safety of the influenza vaccine and fear of infecting friends or family members were the primary driving factors of influenza vaccine uptake, while the perception of the high costs of influenza vaccination was the most significant barrier.

Conclusion

The influenza vaccination willingness among elderly patients with chronic diseases in Chongqing needs further improvement. Governmental authorities, healthcare institutions, and communities should enhance the dissemination of knowledge about influenza vaccines, enhance social support, implement subsidies or free vaccination policies for priority populations, and encourage proactive influenza vaccine uptake among elderly patients with chronic diseases.

Elderly patients withchronic disease  /  Influenza vaccine  /  Vaccination willingness  /  Behavioral and social and social drivers (BeSD)
李周蓉, 龙江, 熊宇, 李婷婷, 付琳, 杨钰隆, 徐斯珮, 赵勇, 漆莉. 重庆市老年慢性病患者流感疫苗接种意愿及其影响因素分析. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (12) : 2262 -2269 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202403342
Zhou-rong LI, Jiang LONG, Yu XIONG, Ting-ting LI, Lin FU, Yu-long YANG, Si-pei XU, Yong ZHAO, Li QI. Influenza vaccination willingness and its influencing factors among elderly patients with chronic disease, Chongqing[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (12) : 2262 -2269 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202403342
流感是全球呼吸道疾病和死亡的主要原因[1]。我国每年约有9万流感相关呼吸道超额死亡病例,其中60岁以上占80%[2]。老年慢性病患者因免疫力低下,患流感后易出现严重并发症,死亡风险更高[3]。接种流感疫苗是预防流感及降低相关重症和死亡风险的最有效手段[4-6]。国内外将老年慢性病患者作为流感疫苗接种的重点人群。“疫苗犹豫”是指在疫苗接种服务可及的情况下拒绝或延迟接种[7]。与既往流感疫苗接种意愿相关研究不同,行为与社会驱动因素(Behavioural and social drivers, BeSD)理论,不仅关注人们的想法和感受,还充分关注接种相关社会行为因素和实际问题,主要包括想法与感受、社会过程、动机及实际问题四个维度[8],目前已被广泛应用于新冠疫苗接种意愿[9-10]及医务人员流感疫苗接种意愿等相关研究[11]。重庆市老年慢性病患者流感疫苗接种率低,疫苗接种意愿影响因素有待进一步探究。因此,本研究以BeSD理论为基础,探究影响老年慢性病患者流感疫苗接种意愿的潜在因素,为制定针对性政策和干预措施,提高流感疫苗接种率和优化慢性病社区管理提供科学依据。
采用多阶段分层抽样法,(1)根据不同地区经济水平,在重庆市39个区/县中随机抽取5个区/县作为调查点;(2)在选定区/县中各随机抽取1个城镇社区卫生服务中心及乡镇卫生院作为调查点;(3)使用方便抽样法,选取调查点内60岁及以上慢性病患者作为研究对象。
根据现况调查样本量的计算公式:
参考慢性病患者流感疫苗接种率P=9.4%[12],考虑抽样误差等因素,增加20%样本量,计算出样本量约为1 111例。
纳入标准:近半年居住在重庆市内的慢性病患者;年龄≥60岁;能独立完成调查且知情同意者。排除标准:重庆市内居住未满半年,或未确诊的慢性病患者;年龄不足60岁;智力缺陷、精神疾病和听力或语言障碍者,不能独立完成调查问卷者。
调查员向调查对象讲述问卷目的,知情同意后开展问卷调查,每份问卷填写时间约为8~12 min。本研究已获得重庆市疾病预防控制中心伦理委员会审查批准(2021026)。
本研究为横断面调查,问卷以BeSD理论为基础,参考国内外相关文献[10-11]及指南[6],经公共卫生、流行病学等专家咨询,反复论证修改形成最终问卷。
调查问卷包括4部分,总计20个问题:(1)社会人口学特征(10个问题):年龄、性别、民族、居住地等。(2)流感及流感疫苗接种史(5个问题):包括2022—2023年流感季流感患病史及流感疫苗接种史(有疫苗接种史者填写接种地点、不良反应及支付方式)。(3)流感疫苗相关知识(2个问题,11个条目):认为接种流感疫苗是预防流感最有效的途径;流感疫苗接种重点人群(10个条目),每个条目回答正确得1分,答错得0分,总分为11分。总得分在7分及以上认为流感疫苗相关知识掌握合格,反之则不合格。(4)流感疫苗接种意愿及其影响因素(3个问题):包括2023—2024年流感季流感疫苗接种意愿、流感疫苗接种的驱动因素或障碍,免费接种政策下流感疫苗接种意愿。流感疫苗接种驱动因素(11项)/障碍(14项)为三分制量表,包括想法与感受、社会支持、实际问题三个维度,得分从0=“不符合”到2=“符合”,以确定影响疫苗接种的主要因素。得分越高,说明该因素影响越大。
Logistic回归分析中,结局变量“2023—2024年流感季流感疫苗接种意愿”(选项为“愿意”“不愿意”和“不确定”,选择“愿意”的调查对象需填写“愿意接种量表”;根据疫苗犹豫的定义,若选择后两者之一则填写“犹豫接种量表”。)被编码为二分类变量,即“0-犹豫;1-愿意”,对于各自变量,采用参考组编码方法,以参考组赋值为0,其他组别的赋值依次递增。
预调查问卷信度分析结果显示,愿意及犹豫接种量表Cronbach α系数均在0.9以上,表明该问卷信度较好。正式调查老年慢性病患者1 280例,排除无效问卷后,最终纳入1 211例调查对象,合格率为94.6%。
现场调查制定详细的操作手册并建立质量核查制度。每个调查点由两名经统一培训的全科医生作为调查员,严格按照纳入排除标准筛选调查对象,开展面对面调查,每个调查对象仅调查1次。
使用STATA 17.0进行统计学分析。采用频数和构成比、均数和标准差(Mean±SD)描述调查对象基本特征、流感患病及疫苗接种史等情况。采用t2检验比较不同影响因素下流感疫苗接种意愿差异。标准化得分法用于评估影响流感疫苗接种意愿的不同BeSD维度的权重。采用二元logistic回归分析流感疫苗接种意愿的主要影响因素。检验水准α=0.05(双侧)。
本研究共纳入1 211名老年慢性病患者,平均年龄为(70.9±6.41)岁。大多合并有两种慢性病(56.8%),居住地以城镇为主(61.2%),文化程度多为小学及以下(63.1%),职业多为工人/农民(53.8%),医保类型主要为城乡居民基本医疗保险(77.6%),家庭人均月收入多在2 000元以下(58.2%)。
在2023—2024年流感季,愿意和犹豫接种流感疫苗的调查对象分别为682例(56.3%)和529例(43.7%)。43.9%的调查对象报告2022—2023年流感季曾患过流感,但仅13.1%的调查对象接种过流感疫苗,接种地点以社区卫生服务中心/村卫生室为主(63.5%),支付方式以自费为主(78.0%)。免费疫苗接种政策下绝大多数调查对象愿意接种流感疫苗(83.2%)。详见表1
调查对象流感疫苗相关知识平均分为(6.30±3.12)分,合格率为50.1%,见表1。50.9%的调查对象认为接种流感疫苗是预防流感最有效的途径。超过70.0%的调查对象认为60岁及以上居家老年人、医务人员、糖尿病患者和慢性呼吸系统疾病患者是流感疫苗接种的重点人群,而认为孕妇是重点人群的占比最低。详见表2
二元logistic回归分析表明,少数民族(OR=3.49, 95%CI:1.21~10.02)、家务及待业人员(OR=2.53, 95%CI:1.05~6.09)、家庭人均月收入大于5 000元(OR=2.86, 95%CI:1.33~6.13)、流感疫苗相关知识掌握合格(OR=1.38, 95%CI:1.02~1.87)、免费接种政策下(OR=56.97, 95%CI:24.38~133.09)老年慢性病患者流感疫苗接种意愿更高,而2022—2023年流感季未患过流感(OR=0.35, 95%CI:0.15~0.81)或患过流感但病情较轻(OR=0.41, 95%CI:0.18~0.97)、未接种过流感疫苗者(OR=0.15, 95%CI:0.09~0.27)接种意愿更低。见表3
基于BeSD理论进一步探讨流感疫苗接种意愿的驱动因素和障碍。在2023—2024年流感季愿意接种流感疫苗的682名调查对象中,想法与感受对接种意愿影响最大,标准化得分为(1.39±0.54)分,详见表4。认为流感疫苗有效、担心感染流感会传染给朋友或家人、相信流感疫苗的安全性是促进流感疫苗接种的最主要因素,平均分分别为1.46分、1.44分、1.40分。详见图1
在2023—2024年流感季犹豫接种流感疫苗的529名调查对象中,社会支持对意愿影响最大,标准化得分为(0.99±0.67)分,见表4。认为流感疫苗接种费用过高是影响疫苗接种的最大障碍,平均分为1.33分。其他主要障碍包括不知道何时接种流感疫苗,家人/朋友未推荐接种以及认为流感并不严重等。见图2
老年慢性病患者是流感疫苗接种的重点人群,接种疫苗可有效降低其住院率和病死率,从而减轻慢性病带来的疾病负担[13]。本研究表明,在2023—2024年流感季,约56.3%的老年慢性病患者愿意接种流感疫苗,接种意愿高于既往杭州市[14](32.78%)及重庆市调查数据[15](46.90%),可能与新冠疫情后人群对呼吸道传染性疾病的重视程度增加有关。但仅13.1%的老年慢性病患者在过去一年曾接种过流感疫苗,远低于世界卫生组织(World Health Organization, WHO)和欧洲理事会建议的推荐人群疫苗接种率目标设定值(75%)[6, 16]
多因素分析显示,少数民族、家务及待业人员、家庭人均月收入5 000元以上、免费流感疫苗接种政策、流感疫苗相关知识掌握合格是疫苗接种的促进因素。家务及待业人员可能接触各种形式的社区健康宣教机会更多,接种时间更充裕,且具有较为正确的流感认知,接种意愿更高。研究发现,流感及流感疫苗知晓程度越高,接种意愿越高,与既往研究结果一致[17-18]。约一半的老年慢性病患者流感及流感疫苗知识掌握合格,其中孕妇是最易被忽视的流感疫苗接种重点人群。因此,建议社区及医疗机构加强健康宣教,提高重点人群对流感疫苗知晓水平,从而提高其接种意愿。过去一年曾患流感及有流感疫苗接种史的老年慢性病患者接种意愿更高,与黄琳娟[19]、陈仁伟[14]、叶娜[20]等研究结果一致。这可能是因为既往接种过流感疫苗的老年慢性病患者更能感知到接种疫苗带来的益处,从而更认同疫苗的安全性和有效性。此外,经济状况也是影响流感疫苗接种意愿的主要因素,家庭人均月收入5 000元以上,免费疫苗接种政策下老年慢性病患者更愿意接种流感疫苗。流感疫苗费用过高是影响疫苗接种的最大障碍。结果提示经济状况制约了老年慢性病患者流感疫苗接种意愿。国内外相关研究结果发现,将流感疫苗纳入医保报销或针对重点人群实施免费接种政策,可显著提高接种意愿[21-23]。因此,政府相关部门应进一步推动重点人群免费接种流感疫苗政策的实施或将疫苗接种费用纳入医保支付范围,以减轻老年慢性病患者经济负担,提高其接种主动性。
BeSD理论分析结果显示,在愿意接种流感疫苗的老年慢性病患者中,流感疫苗的有效性、安全性和担心感染流感会传染给家人/朋友是主要影响因素,与付小强等[18]研究结果相似。除流感疫苗接种费用过高外,不知道何时接种流感疫苗,家人/朋友未推荐接种及认为流感并不严重等是影响流感疫苗接种的主要障碍。因此,建议公共卫生管理部门通过社区宣传、科普推送、媒体报道等形式加强流感宣传教育,提高老年慢性病患者对流感疫苗的认知,强调适宜的接种时间及接种疫苗对周围人群的保护作用,增强其疫苗接种信念。此外,社会支持也是影响流感疫苗接种的主要因素之一。医务人员推荐在提高流感疫苗接种率方面发挥了关键作用,且有流感疫苗接种史的医务人员推荐意愿更高[24-25]。因此,建议加强医务人员公共卫生教育,以改善医务人员对流感疫苗接种推荐的认知和态度。同时,医务人员应向流感疫苗接种重点人群及家属充分介绍接种的益处和重要性,并在流感季前提醒其及时接种。家人或朋友推荐在老年慢性病患者疫苗接种决策中扮演着重要角色,健康宣教也应重视该群体对流感疫苗的正确认知,以增强其在疫苗决策中的积极作用,提高老年慢性病患者流感疫苗接种的社会支持水平。
本文基于BeSD理论,探讨了老年慢性病患者流感疫苗接种意愿影响因素,为提高疫苗接种率和优化老年慢性病患者社区管理提供了基础。但本研究存在一些局限性。首先,本研究采用面对面调查的方式进行数据收集,可能存在报告偏倚。此外,本研究为横断面调查,难以说明流感疫苗接种意愿与影响因素的因果关系。综上,未来提高老年慢性病患者流感疫苗接种率的关键在于,首先,应加强对老年慢性病患者流感和流感疫苗接种相关知识健康教育,强调疫苗接种的益处,提高其对疫苗的认知水平,充分调动其接种积极性;其次,发挥社会支持即医务人员及家人/朋友推荐接种疫苗的关键作用,加强对医务人员的培训和引导,提高其推荐意愿;最后,进一步完善免费疫苗接种和费用补助政策,确保经济负担较重的老年慢性病患者能够充分享受流感疫苗接种的便利。
  • 重庆市技术创新与应用发展重点专项(CSTC2021jscx-gksb-N0005)
  • 重庆市重点传染病预防控制技术研究及应用(CSTC2022ycjh‐bgzxm0251)
  • 重庆市急性传染病预防控制技术研究与应用(cstc2024ycjh-bgzxm0224)
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2024年第51卷第12期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202403342
  • 接收时间:2024-03-19
  • 首发时间:2026-03-17
  • 出版时间:2024-06-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-03-19
基金
重庆市技术创新与应用发展重点专项(CSTC2021jscx-gksb-N0005)
重庆市重点传染病预防控制技术研究及应用(CSTC2022ycjh‐bgzxm0251)
重庆市急性传染病预防控制技术研究与应用(cstc2024ycjh-bgzxm0224)
作者信息
    1.重庆市疾病预防控制中心传染病预防控制所,重庆 400799
    2.重庆医科大学公共卫生学院
    3.重庆市新型建设智库公共卫生安全研究中心
    4.重庆医科大学医学与社会发展研究中心
    5.川渝区域性营养创新平台
    6.重庆医科大学第一临床学院

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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