Article(id=1240651444064415767, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240651438955754377, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202403410, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1711036800000, receivedDateStr=2024-03-22, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773723954454, onlineDateStr=2026-03-17, pubDate=1719244800000, pubDateStr=2024-06-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773723954454, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773723954454, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773723954454, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240651438955754377, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='12', pageStart='2113', pageEnd='2912', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773723953236, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773723953236, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2174, endPage=2181, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240651444341239862, articleId=1240651444064415767, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Status and secular trends in dietary quality among the adults, Guizhou, 1991-2018, columnId=1240375107953161116, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Nutrition and Foold Hygiene, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To analyze the status and long-term trends in dietary intake and dietary diversity of adults in Guizhou province from 1991 to 2018.

Methods

The food intake was worked out by 3 consecutive days of dietary recollection.The χ2 test was used to analyze the dietary intake status of different dietary categories by demographic characteristics in 2018. Cochran-Armitage trend test was used to analyze the trend of the proportion of people at risk. Dietary Diversity Scores (DDS) were conducted based on the intake of 9 food groups, and a general linear model was used to test trends in DDS.

Results

The proportion of insufficient intake of livestock and poultry meat was higher in people aged 60 years or older than in residents aged 18-44 years (χ2=11.931, P<0.001), the differences in the proportions of insufficient/excessive intake of vegetables, fat, oil and salt were statistically significant among ethnic groups (χ2 range: 5.852-12.392,P range: <0.001-0.016), and those with higher education had lower proportions of insufficient intake of fruits and livestock (χ2 range: 10.173-21.870, P range: <0.001-0.001), people in rural areas had higher excessive proportions of intake of oil and salt and higher insufficient proportions of livestock and poultry meat, fruits and aquatic products, but their proportions of insufficient intake of cereals and potatoes and soya nuts were lower (χ2 range: 6.986-39.627, P range: <0.001-0.008) compared with the city and other populations. The proportion of insufficient intake of grains and potatoes, vegetables, soya beans and nuts in the population tended to increase(Zcereal=17.839,Z vegetable=11.579,Zbean&nuts=7.749, P<0.001); the proportion of insufficient intake of fruits, livestock and poultry meat, eggs and dairy products tended to decrease (Z range: -19.991-(-2.764), P range: <0.001-0.006); the proportion of excessive intake of salt and alcohol in the population tended to decrease, while the proportion of excessive intake of sugar tended to increase (Zsalt=-20.899,Zalcohol=-12.460,Zsugar=6.791, P<0.001); except for those with education level of tertiary education and above (β=0.005, P=0.520), the Dietary Diversity Score (DDS) of the rest of the subgroups showed an increasing trend (β range: 0.025-0.058, P<0.001).

Conclusion

The dietary structure of residents aged 18 years and above in Guizhou Province is irrational. Although the DDS score has increased, nutritional health interventions should be carried out for different groups of people to improve their dietary quality.

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目的

分析1991—2018年贵州省成年居民膳食质量的现状及变化情况。

方法

基于“中国健康与营养调查”项目中成人3天24小时膳食调查数据,利用χ2检验分析2018年不同特征人口各类膳食的摄入不足/过量状况,不同年份摄入不足/过量风险的人群比例的变化趋势利用 Cochran-Armitage 趋势检验分析。进一步基于膳食种类进行膳食多样化评分(DDS),利用一般线性模型检验DDS的变化趋势。

结果

60岁及以上老人畜禽肉摄入不足比例高于18~44岁居民(χ2=11.931,P<0.001),蔬菜、油脂、盐在不同民族间摄入不足/过量比例的差异有统计学意义(χ2范围:5.852~12.392,P范围:<0.001~0.016),教育程度更高的人群,其水果、畜禽肉摄入不足的比例更低(χ2范围:10.173~21.870,P范围:<0.001~0.001),农村人群的油盐摄入过量比例及畜禽肉、水果、水产品摄入不足比例较高,其谷薯类及大豆坚果类摄入不足比例与城市等地居民相比较低(χ2范围:6.986~39.627,P范围:<0.001~0.008)。人群中谷薯、蔬菜、大豆及坚果的摄入不足比例呈升高趋势(Z谷薯=17.839、Z蔬菜=11.579、Z大豆及坚果=7.749,P均<0.001);水果、畜禽肉、蛋类、乳类的摄入不足比例呈下降趋势(Z范围:-19.991~-2.764,P范围:<0.001~0.006);人群中盐、酒类摄入过量的比例呈下降趋势,而糖类摄入过量的比例则呈上升趋势(Z=-20.899、Z=-12.460、Z=6.791,P均<0.001);除教育程度为大专及以上的人群外(β=0.005,P=0.520),其余分组人群的膳食多样化评分(DDS)都呈上升趋势(β范围0.025~0.058,P均<0.001)。

结论

贵州省18岁及以上居民膳食结构存在不合理现象,虽然膳食多样化评分有所上升,但仍需针对不同人群开展营养健康干预,以提高其膳食质量。

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刘怡娅,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=NJ9i9MHORP3Qvwii2fM3/A==, magXml=Z2tkdcrAvBsi9DJ9/a8TdQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=QOemZvcX+H7j76JSQA/5uQ==, pdfFileSize=644914, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=Wyil0FdgzDcNtshoOrau6g==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

彭江江(2001—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:公共营养

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彭江江(2001—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:公共营养

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彭江江(2001—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:公共营养

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Nutrients, 2021, 13(12): 4353., articleTitle=Development and validity of a general nutrition knowledge questionnaire (GNKQ) for Chinese adults, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1240651453090558524, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651444064415767, awardId=13103110700015005, language=CN, fundingSource=国家财政项目(13103110700015005), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1240651453174444612, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651444064415767, awardId=R01-HD30880; DK056350; R01-HD38700, language=CN, fundingSource=中国健康与营养调查项目(R01-HD30880; DK056350; R01-HD38700), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1240651445490479267, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651444064415767, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240651445494673571, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651444064415767, companyId=1240651445490479267, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Guizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240651445503062181, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651444064415767, companyId=1240651445490479267, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=贵州省疾病预防控制中心,贵州 贵阳 550004)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1240651452297834998, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651444064415767, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Population characteristics of adults in Guizhou province from 1991 to 2018[n (%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别199119931997200020042006
性别
536(51.1)527(49.1)580(51.4)555(51.3)507(49.0)497(47.7)
514(48.9)546(50.9)549(48.6)528(48.7)528(51.0)544(52.3)
年龄(岁)
18~44623(59.3)607(56.6)583(51.6)490(45.3)398(38.5)398(38.2)
45~59265(25.2)291(27.1)330(29.2)362(33.4)362(35.0)337(32.4)
≥60162(15.5)175(16.3)216(19.2)231(21.3)275(26.5)306(29.4)
民族
汉族470(44.8)512(47.7)508(45.0)480(44.3)461(44.5)483(46.4)
少数民族580(55.2)561(52.3)621(55.0)603(55.7)574(55.5)558(53.6)
教育程度
小学及以下694(66.1)685(63.8)685(60.7)613(56.6)607(58.7)590(56.7)
初中239(22.8)268(25.0)289(25.6)302(27.9)271(26.2)274(26.3)
中专或高中106(10.1)110(10.3)131(11.6)135(12.5)133(12.9)130(12.5)
大专及以上11(1.0)10(0.9)24(2.1)33(3.05)24(2.2)47(4.5)
地区
城市130(12.4)128(11.9)180(15.9)158(14.5)165(15.9)162(15.6)
郊区181(17.2)171(15.9)192(17.0)204(18.9)189(18.3)179(17.2)
县城207(19.7)194(18.1)174(15.4)168(15.5)148(14.3)162(15.6)
农村532(50.7)580(54.1)583(51.7)553(51.1)533(51.5)538(51.6)
总计1 050(100.0)1 073(100.0)1 129(100.0)1 083(100.0)1 035(100.0)1 041(100.0)
类别2009201120152018χ2P
性别13.5990.137
489(48.8)464(48.3)494(47.1)379(45.2)
513(51.2)497(51.7)554(52.9)459(54.8)
年龄(岁)560.424<0.001
18~44354(35.3)324(33.7)372(35.5)248(29.6)
45~59296(29.6)284(29.6)273(26.0)245(29.2)
≥60352(35.1)353(36.7)403(38.5)345(41.2)
民族12.5990.182
汉族441(44.0)452(47.0)491(46.9)420(50.1)
少数民族561(56.0)509(53.0)557(53.1)418(49.9)
教育程度434.091<0.001
小学及以下561(56.0)513(53.4)453(43.2)339(40.5)
初中274(27.3)272(28.3)344(32.8)255(30.4)
中专或高中130(13.0)112(11.7)149(14.2)143(17.1)
大专及以上37(3.7)64(6.6)102(9.8)101(12.0)
地区53.6070.002
城市147(14.7)162(16.9)154(14.7)141(16.8)
郊区198(19.8)180(18.7)201(19.2)178(21.2)
县城150(15.0)139(14.5)160(15.3)139(16.6)
农村507(50.5)480(49.9)533(50.8)380(45.4)
总计1 002(100.0)961(100.0)1 048(100.0)838(100.0)
), ArticleFig(id=1240651452411081214, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651444064415767, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

1991—2018年研究对象基本特征[n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别199119931997200020042006
性别
536(51.1)527(49.1)580(51.4)555(51.3)507(49.0)497(47.7)
514(48.9)546(50.9)549(48.6)528(48.7)528(51.0)544(52.3)
年龄(岁)
18~44623(59.3)607(56.6)583(51.6)490(45.3)398(38.5)398(38.2)
45~59265(25.2)291(27.1)330(29.2)362(33.4)362(35.0)337(32.4)
≥60162(15.5)175(16.3)216(19.2)231(21.3)275(26.5)306(29.4)
民族
汉族470(44.8)512(47.7)508(45.0)480(44.3)461(44.5)483(46.4)
少数民族580(55.2)561(52.3)621(55.0)603(55.7)574(55.5)558(53.6)
教育程度
小学及以下694(66.1)685(63.8)685(60.7)613(56.6)607(58.7)590(56.7)
初中239(22.8)268(25.0)289(25.6)302(27.9)271(26.2)274(26.3)
中专或高中106(10.1)110(10.3)131(11.6)135(12.5)133(12.9)130(12.5)
大专及以上11(1.0)10(0.9)24(2.1)33(3.05)24(2.2)47(4.5)
地区
城市130(12.4)128(11.9)180(15.9)158(14.5)165(15.9)162(15.6)
郊区181(17.2)171(15.9)192(17.0)204(18.9)189(18.3)179(17.2)
县城207(19.7)194(18.1)174(15.4)168(15.5)148(14.3)162(15.6)
农村532(50.7)580(54.1)583(51.7)553(51.1)533(51.5)538(51.6)
总计1 050(100.0)1 073(100.0)1 129(100.0)1 083(100.0)1 035(100.0)1 041(100.0)
类别2009201120152018χ2P
性别13.5990.137
489(48.8)464(48.3)494(47.1)379(45.2)
513(51.2)497(51.7)554(52.9)459(54.8)
年龄(岁)560.424<0.001
18~44354(35.3)324(33.7)372(35.5)248(29.6)
45~59296(29.6)284(29.6)273(26.0)245(29.2)
≥60352(35.1)353(36.7)403(38.5)345(41.2)
民族12.5990.182
汉族441(44.0)452(47.0)491(46.9)420(50.1)
少数民族561(56.0)509(53.0)557(53.1)418(49.9)
教育程度434.091<0.001
小学及以下561(56.0)513(53.4)453(43.2)339(40.5)
初中274(27.3)272(28.3)344(32.8)255(30.4)
中专或高中130(13.0)112(11.7)149(14.2)143(17.1)
大专及以上37(3.7)64(6.6)102(9.8)101(12.0)
地区53.6070.002
城市147(14.7)162(16.9)154(14.7)141(16.8)
郊区198(19.8)180(18.7)201(19.2)178(21.2)
县城150(15.0)139(14.5)160(15.3)139(16.6)
农村507(50.5)480(49.9)533(50.8)380(45.4)
总计1 002(100.0)961(100.0)1 048(100.0)838(100.0)
), ArticleFig(id=1240651452503355911, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651444064415767, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Distribution of food intake by food groups compared with the recommended amounts among different population in Guizhou Province, 2018

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
食物性别年龄(岁)民族
18~4445~59≥60汉族少数民族
谷薯类15.617.218.613.517.114.318.7
χ2=0.408χ2=2.482χ2=2.915
P=0.523P=0.289P=0.088
蔬菜类62.566.565.360.867.070.558.9
χ2=1.393χ2=2.428χ2=12.392
P=0.238P=0.297P<0.001
水果类98.998.397.698.899.199.198.1
χ2=0.695P=0.326χ2=1.372
P=0.404P=0.241
畜禽肉类14.018.310.914.321.717.615.1
χ2=2.828χ2=13.502χ2=0.994
P=0.093P=0.001P=0.319
水产品类92.992.290.394.792.592.692.3
χ2=0.154χ2=3.388χ2=0.023
P=0.694P=0.184P=0.880
蛋类90.591.793.689.490.792.190.2
χ2=0.384χ2=2.794χ2=0.991
P=0.536P=0.247P=0.320
乳类99.7100.099.6100.0100.099.8100.0
P=0.452P=0.588P=1.000
大豆及坚果类67.067.867.368.267.066.468.4
χ2=0.051χ2=0.096χ2=0.379
P=0.821P=0.953P=0.538
油脂类48.844.744.449.845.842.450.7
χ2=1.437χ2=1.596χ2=5.852
P=0.231P=0.450P=0.016
65.759.555.765.364.957.966.8
χ2=3.421χ2=6.632χ2=7.048
P=0.064P=0.036P=0.008
9.89.811.310.28.48.311.2
χ2=0.000 4χ2=1.429χ2=2.011
P=0.984P=0.490P=0.156
1.90.71.20.81.51.01.4
P=0.199P=0.921P=0.546
食物教育程度地区
小学及以下初中中专或高中大专及以上城市郊区县城农村
谷薯类15.314.921.017.87.818.028.814.5
χ2=3.019χ2=24.402
P=0.389P<0.001
蔬菜类67.059.268.565.466.061.863.366.1
χ2=5.053χ2=1.176
P=0.168P=0.758
水果类99.499.295.199.097.995.5100.099.7
P=0.008P<0.001
畜禽肉类22.115.314.72.04.313.510.124.5
χ2=24.012χ2=38.495
P<0.001P<0.001
水产品类95.391.489.590.192.284.891.496.6
χ2=6.910χ2=24.424
P=0.075P<0.001
蛋类90.392.693.088.186.593.388.592.9
χ2=2.714χ2=7.388
P=0.438P=0.068
乳类100.0100.099.3100.099.3100.0100.0100.0
P=0.291P=0.334
大豆及坚果类61.771.071.372.379.483.266.955.8
χ2=8.686χ2=52.724
P=0.034P<0.001
油脂类46.950.639.944.641.137.139.655.5
χ2=4.422χ2=23.109
P=0.219P<0.001
65.559.261.560.466.754.551.868.2
χ2=2.690χ2=17.839
P=0.442P<0.001
8.611.010.59.97.16.210.812.1
χ2=1.076χ2=6.256
P=0.783P=0.100
1.51.60.70.00.02.80.01.3
P=0.722P=0.070
), ArticleFig(id=1240651452604019219, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651444064415767, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

2018年贵州省成人各类食物摄入量与推荐量比较在不同人群的分布情况(率,%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
食物性别年龄(岁)民族
18~4445~59≥60汉族少数民族
谷薯类15.617.218.613.517.114.318.7
χ2=0.408χ2=2.482χ2=2.915
P=0.523P=0.289P=0.088
蔬菜类62.566.565.360.867.070.558.9
χ2=1.393χ2=2.428χ2=12.392
P=0.238P=0.297P<0.001
水果类98.998.397.698.899.199.198.1
χ2=0.695P=0.326χ2=1.372
P=0.404P=0.241
畜禽肉类14.018.310.914.321.717.615.1
χ2=2.828χ2=13.502χ2=0.994
P=0.093P=0.001P=0.319
水产品类92.992.290.394.792.592.692.3
χ2=0.154χ2=3.388χ2=0.023
P=0.694P=0.184P=0.880
蛋类90.591.793.689.490.792.190.2
χ2=0.384χ2=2.794χ2=0.991
P=0.536P=0.247P=0.320
乳类99.7100.099.6100.0100.099.8100.0
P=0.452P=0.588P=1.000
大豆及坚果类67.067.867.368.267.066.468.4
χ2=0.051χ2=0.096χ2=0.379
P=0.821P=0.953P=0.538
油脂类48.844.744.449.845.842.450.7
χ2=1.437χ2=1.596χ2=5.852
P=0.231P=0.450P=0.016
65.759.555.765.364.957.966.8
χ2=3.421χ2=6.632χ2=7.048
P=0.064P=0.036P=0.008
9.89.811.310.28.48.311.2
χ2=0.000 4χ2=1.429χ2=2.011
P=0.984P=0.490P=0.156
1.90.71.20.81.51.01.4
P=0.199P=0.921P=0.546
食物教育程度地区
小学及以下初中中专或高中大专及以上城市郊区县城农村
谷薯类15.314.921.017.87.818.028.814.5
χ2=3.019χ2=24.402
P=0.389P<0.001
蔬菜类67.059.268.565.466.061.863.366.1
χ2=5.053χ2=1.176
P=0.168P=0.758
水果类99.499.295.199.097.995.5100.099.7
P=0.008P<0.001
畜禽肉类22.115.314.72.04.313.510.124.5
χ2=24.012χ2=38.495
P<0.001P<0.001
水产品类95.391.489.590.192.284.891.496.6
χ2=6.910χ2=24.424
P=0.075P<0.001
蛋类90.392.693.088.186.593.388.592.9
χ2=2.714χ2=7.388
P=0.438P=0.068
乳类100.0100.099.3100.099.3100.0100.0100.0
P=0.291P=0.334
大豆及坚果类61.771.071.372.379.483.266.955.8
χ2=8.686χ2=52.724
P=0.034P<0.001
油脂类46.950.639.944.641.137.139.655.5
χ2=4.422χ2=23.109
P=0.219P<0.001
65.559.261.560.466.754.551.868.2
χ2=2.690χ2=17.839
P=0.442P<0.001
8.611.010.59.97.16.210.812.1
χ2=1.076χ2=6.256
P=0.783P=0.100
1.51.60.70.00.02.80.01.3
P=0.722P=0.070
), ArticleFig(id=1240651452696293913, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651444064415767, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Trends in intake of various food groups compared with the recommended amounts among adults in Guizhou Province from 1991 to 2018[n (%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
食物199119931997200020042006
谷薯类24(2.3)32(3.0)26(2.3)51(4.7)46(4.4)82(7.9)
蔬菜类461(43.9)373(34.8)504(44.6)407(37.6)417(40.3)387(37.2)
水果类1 043(99.3)1 062(99.0)1 116(98.9)1 072(99.0)1 026(99.1)1 028(98.8)
畜禽肉类421(40.1)460(42.9)446(39.5)382(35.3)438(42.3)313(30.1)
水产品类987(94.0)1 023(95.3)1 070(94.8)1 052(97.1)980(94.7)980(94.1)
蛋类1 018(97.0)1 040(96.9)1 048(92.8)1 001(92.4)922(89.1)935(89.8)
乳类1 050(100.0)1 073(100.0)1 128(99.9)1 082(99.9)1 031(99.6)1 036(99.5)
大豆及坚果564(53.7)608(56.7)533(47.2)713(65.8)606(58.6)709(68.1)
食用油528(50.3)506(47.2)633(56.1)627(57.9)672(64.9)648(62.3)
975(92.9)836(77.9)966(85.6)891(82.3)864(83.5)797(76.6)
27(2.6)20(1.9)82(7.3)59(5.5)55(5.3)52(5.0)
135(12.9)108(10.1)95(8.4)103(9.5)74(7.2)72(6.9)
食物2009201120152018ZaP
谷薯类118(11.8)66(6.9)171(16.3)138(16.5)17.839<0.001
蔬菜类380(37.9)421(43.8)613(58.5)542(64.7)11.579<0.001
水果类985(98.3)871(90.6)1044(99.6)826(98.6)-5.337<0.001
畜禽肉类226(22.6)226(23.5)157(15.0)137(16.4)-19.991<0.001
水产品类943(94.1)923(96.1)1011(96.5)775(92.5)-0.5120.609
蛋类890(88.8)852(88.7)955(91.1)764(91.2)-8.333<0.001
乳类997(99.5)952(99.1)1046(99.8)837(99.9)-2.7640.006
大豆及坚果580(57.9)577(60.0)660(63.0)565(67.4)7.749<0.001
食用油536(53.5)562(58.5)543(51.8)390(46.5)0.7190.472
738(73.7)712(74.1)595(56.8)522(62.3)-20.899<0.001
30(3.0)29(3.0)95(9.1)82(9.8)6.791<0.001
86(8.6)57(5.9)6(0.6)10(1.2)-12.460<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1240651452796957213, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651444064415767, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

1991—2018年贵州省成人各类食物摄入量与推荐量比较的变化趋势[n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
食物199119931997200020042006
谷薯类24(2.3)32(3.0)26(2.3)51(4.7)46(4.4)82(7.9)
蔬菜类461(43.9)373(34.8)504(44.6)407(37.6)417(40.3)387(37.2)
水果类1 043(99.3)1 062(99.0)1 116(98.9)1 072(99.0)1 026(99.1)1 028(98.8)
畜禽肉类421(40.1)460(42.9)446(39.5)382(35.3)438(42.3)313(30.1)
水产品类987(94.0)1 023(95.3)1 070(94.8)1 052(97.1)980(94.7)980(94.1)
蛋类1 018(97.0)1 040(96.9)1 048(92.8)1 001(92.4)922(89.1)935(89.8)
乳类1 050(100.0)1 073(100.0)1 128(99.9)1 082(99.9)1 031(99.6)1 036(99.5)
大豆及坚果564(53.7)608(56.7)533(47.2)713(65.8)606(58.6)709(68.1)
食用油528(50.3)506(47.2)633(56.1)627(57.9)672(64.9)648(62.3)
975(92.9)836(77.9)966(85.6)891(82.3)864(83.5)797(76.6)
27(2.6)20(1.9)82(7.3)59(5.5)55(5.3)52(5.0)
135(12.9)108(10.1)95(8.4)103(9.5)74(7.2)72(6.9)
食物2009201120152018ZaP
谷薯类118(11.8)66(6.9)171(16.3)138(16.5)17.839<0.001
蔬菜类380(37.9)421(43.8)613(58.5)542(64.7)11.579<0.001
水果类985(98.3)871(90.6)1044(99.6)826(98.6)-5.337<0.001
畜禽肉类226(22.6)226(23.5)157(15.0)137(16.4)-19.991<0.001
水产品类943(94.1)923(96.1)1011(96.5)775(92.5)-0.5120.609
蛋类890(88.8)852(88.7)955(91.1)764(91.2)-8.333<0.001
乳类997(99.5)952(99.1)1046(99.8)837(99.9)-2.7640.006
大豆及坚果580(57.9)577(60.0)660(63.0)565(67.4)7.749<0.001
食用油536(53.5)562(58.5)543(51.8)390(46.5)0.7190.472
738(73.7)712(74.1)595(56.8)522(62.3)-20.899<0.001
30(3.0)29(3.0)95(9.1)82(9.8)6.791<0.001
86(8.6)57(5.9)6(0.6)10(1.2)-12.460<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1240651452872454694, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651444064415767, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Trends in dietary diversity scores of adults in Guizhou Province from 1991 to 2018 (score,)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分组199119931997 200020042006
性别
4.7±1.14.5±1.14.8±1.14.7±1.24.9±1.24.9±1.1
4.7±1.14.4±1.14.8±1.14.7±1.24.9±1.24.9±1.1
年龄(岁)
18~444.7±1.04.5±1.14.9±1.14.8±1.24.9±1.25.0±1.1
45~594.6±1.14.3±1.24.8±1.14.7±1.25.0±1.25.0±1.2
≥604.6±1.14.5±1.14.8±1.24.7±1.14.7±1.14.7±1.1
民族
汉族5.0±1.04.6±1.15.0±1.14.8±1.35.0±1.35.1±1.2
少数民族4.4±1.04.3±1.14.7±1.14.7±1.14.8±1.14.7±1.0
教育程度
小学及以下4.5±1.04.2±1.14.6±1.04.5±1.14.6±1.14.6±1.0
初中4.8±0.94.8±1.15.0±1.04.8±1.14.9±1.15.1±1.0
中专或高中5.4±1.25.2±1.15.6±1.15.2±1.15.6±1.35.6±1.1
大专及以上5.9±1.25.2±0.86.0±1.06.5±1.26.7±1.26.0±1.3
地区
城市5.8±1.15.6±1.25.8±1.05.7±0.96.1±1.26.0±1.2
郊区4.5±1.24.5±1.14.5±1.24.9±1.14.8±1.24.8±1.2
县城5.0±0.75.0±0.65.5±0.95.4±1.05.2±0.75.3±0.9
农村4.3±0.94.0±1.04.5±0.94.2±1.04.5±1.04.5±0.9
总计4.7±1.14.5±1.14.8±1.14.7±1.24.9±1.24.9±1.1
分组2009201120152018βP
性别
5.2±1.15.6±1.25.5±1.15.6±1.00.041<0.001
5.3±1.25.7±1.25.6±1.15.6±1.00.046<0.001
年龄(岁)
18~445.4±1.05.8±1.15.6±1.05.7±1.00.044<0.001
45~595.3±1.25.6±1.35.7±1.05.6±1.00.050<0.001
≥605.2±1.25.6±1.15.4±1.25.5±1.10.043<0.001
民族
汉族5.4±1.35.7±1.25.7±1.15.7±1.00.037<0.001
少数民族5.2±1.05.7±1.25.4±1.05.5±1.10.048<0.001
教育程度
小学及以下5.1±1.05.3±1.15.2±1.05.4±0.90.041<0.001
初中5.4±1.05.8±1.15.6±1.15.5±1.00.036<0.001
中专或高中5.7±1.36.2±1.26.0±1.05.8±1.20.027<0.001
大专及以上6.4±1.26.7±1.06.3±1.16.1±0.90.0050.520
地区
城市6.3±1.36.5±1.06.5±1.06.2±1.10.030<0.001
郊区5.4±1.15.7±1.05.7±1.25.9±1.10.058<0.001
县城5.4±1.16.0±1.25.7±0.85.6±0.90.025<0.001
农村4.9±0.95.3±1.15.1±0.95.2±0.90.045<0.001
总计5.3±1.15.7±1.25.5±1.15.6±1.00.036<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1240651452960535089, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651444064415767, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

1991—2018年贵州省成人膳食多样化评分的变化趋势(分,

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分组199119931997 200020042006
性别
4.7±1.14.5±1.14.8±1.14.7±1.24.9±1.24.9±1.1
4.7±1.14.4±1.14.8±1.14.7±1.24.9±1.24.9±1.1
年龄(岁)
18~444.7±1.04.5±1.14.9±1.14.8±1.24.9±1.25.0±1.1
45~594.6±1.14.3±1.24.8±1.14.7±1.25.0±1.25.0±1.2
≥604.6±1.14.5±1.14.8±1.24.7±1.14.7±1.14.7±1.1
民族
汉族5.0±1.04.6±1.15.0±1.14.8±1.35.0±1.35.1±1.2
少数民族4.4±1.04.3±1.14.7±1.14.7±1.14.8±1.14.7±1.0
教育程度
小学及以下4.5±1.04.2±1.14.6±1.04.5±1.14.6±1.14.6±1.0
初中4.8±0.94.8±1.15.0±1.04.8±1.14.9±1.15.1±1.0
中专或高中5.4±1.25.2±1.15.6±1.15.2±1.15.6±1.35.6±1.1
大专及以上5.9±1.25.2±0.86.0±1.06.5±1.26.7±1.26.0±1.3
地区
城市5.8±1.15.6±1.25.8±1.05.7±0.96.1±1.26.0±1.2
郊区4.5±1.24.5±1.14.5±1.24.9±1.14.8±1.24.8±1.2
县城5.0±0.75.0±0.65.5±0.95.4±1.05.2±0.75.3±0.9
农村4.3±0.94.0±1.04.5±0.94.2±1.04.5±1.04.5±0.9
总计4.7±1.14.5±1.14.8±1.14.7±1.24.9±1.24.9±1.1
分组2009201120152018βP
性别
5.2±1.15.6±1.25.5±1.15.6±1.00.041<0.001
5.3±1.25.7±1.25.6±1.15.6±1.00.046<0.001
年龄(岁)
18~445.4±1.05.8±1.15.6±1.05.7±1.00.044<0.001
45~595.3±1.25.6±1.35.7±1.05.6±1.00.050<0.001
≥605.2±1.25.6±1.15.4±1.25.5±1.10.043<0.001
民族
汉族5.4±1.35.7±1.25.7±1.15.7±1.00.037<0.001
少数民族5.2±1.05.7±1.25.4±1.05.5±1.10.048<0.001
教育程度
小学及以下5.1±1.05.3±1.15.2±1.05.4±0.90.041<0.001
初中5.4±1.05.8±1.15.6±1.15.5±1.00.036<0.001
中专或高中5.7±1.36.2±1.26.0±1.05.8±1.20.027<0.001
大专及以上6.4±1.26.7±1.06.3±1.16.1±0.90.0050.520
地区
城市6.3±1.36.5±1.06.5±1.06.2±1.10.030<0.001
郊区5.4±1.15.7±1.05.7±1.25.9±1.10.058<0.001
县城5.4±1.16.0±1.25.7±0.85.6±0.90.025<0.001
农村4.9±0.95.3±1.15.1±0.95.2±0.90.045<0.001
总计5.3±1.15.7±1.25.5±1.15.6±1.00.036<0.001
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1991—2018年贵州省成年居民膳食质量现状及其变化趋势
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彭江江 , 龙泓江 , 贺林娟 , 黄伊彦文 , 吴胜男 , 李洪波 , 石柱 , 孙燕 , 刘怡娅
现代预防医学 | 营养与食品卫生 2024,51(12): 2174-2181
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现代预防医学 | 营养与食品卫生 2024, 51(12): 2174-2181
1991—2018年贵州省成年居民膳食质量现状及其变化趋势
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彭江江, 龙泓江, 贺林娟, 黄伊彦文, 吴胜男, 李洪波, 石柱, 孙燕, 刘怡娅
作者信息
  • 贵州省疾病预防控制中心,贵州 贵阳 550004
  • 彭江江(2001—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:公共营养

通讯作者:

刘怡娅,E-mail:
Status and secular trends in dietary quality among the adults, Guizhou, 1991-2018
Jiang-jiang PENG, Hong-jiang LONG, Lin-juan HE, Yi-yan-wen HUANG, Sheng-nan WU, Hong-bo LI, Zhu SHI, Yan SUN, Yi-ya LIU
Affiliations
  • Guizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, China
出版时间: 2024-06-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202403410
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目的

分析1991—2018年贵州省成年居民膳食质量的现状及变化情况。

方法

基于“中国健康与营养调查”项目中成人3天24小时膳食调查数据,利用χ2检验分析2018年不同特征人口各类膳食的摄入不足/过量状况,不同年份摄入不足/过量风险的人群比例的变化趋势利用 Cochran-Armitage 趋势检验分析。进一步基于膳食种类进行膳食多样化评分(DDS),利用一般线性模型检验DDS的变化趋势。

结果

60岁及以上老人畜禽肉摄入不足比例高于18~44岁居民(χ2=11.931,P<0.001),蔬菜、油脂、盐在不同民族间摄入不足/过量比例的差异有统计学意义(χ2范围:5.852~12.392,P范围:<0.001~0.016),教育程度更高的人群,其水果、畜禽肉摄入不足的比例更低(χ2范围:10.173~21.870,P范围:<0.001~0.001),农村人群的油盐摄入过量比例及畜禽肉、水果、水产品摄入不足比例较高,其谷薯类及大豆坚果类摄入不足比例与城市等地居民相比较低(χ2范围:6.986~39.627,P范围:<0.001~0.008)。人群中谷薯、蔬菜、大豆及坚果的摄入不足比例呈升高趋势(Z谷薯=17.839、Z蔬菜=11.579、Z大豆及坚果=7.749,P均<0.001);水果、畜禽肉、蛋类、乳类的摄入不足比例呈下降趋势(Z范围:-19.991~-2.764,P范围:<0.001~0.006);人群中盐、酒类摄入过量的比例呈下降趋势,而糖类摄入过量的比例则呈上升趋势(Z=-20.899、Z=-12.460、Z=6.791,P均<0.001);除教育程度为大专及以上的人群外(β=0.005,P=0.520),其余分组人群的膳食多样化评分(DDS)都呈上升趋势(β范围0.025~0.058,P均<0.001)。

结论

贵州省18岁及以上居民膳食结构存在不合理现象,虽然膳食多样化评分有所上升,但仍需针对不同人群开展营养健康干预,以提高其膳食质量。

膳食摄入  /  膳食质量  /  膳食多样性
Objective

To analyze the status and long-term trends in dietary intake and dietary diversity of adults in Guizhou province from 1991 to 2018.

Methods

The food intake was worked out by 3 consecutive days of dietary recollection.The χ2 test was used to analyze the dietary intake status of different dietary categories by demographic characteristics in 2018. Cochran-Armitage trend test was used to analyze the trend of the proportion of people at risk. Dietary Diversity Scores (DDS) were conducted based on the intake of 9 food groups, and a general linear model was used to test trends in DDS.

Results

The proportion of insufficient intake of livestock and poultry meat was higher in people aged 60 years or older than in residents aged 18-44 years (χ2=11.931, P<0.001), the differences in the proportions of insufficient/excessive intake of vegetables, fat, oil and salt were statistically significant among ethnic groups (χ2 range: 5.852-12.392,P range: <0.001-0.016), and those with higher education had lower proportions of insufficient intake of fruits and livestock (χ2 range: 10.173-21.870, P range: <0.001-0.001), people in rural areas had higher excessive proportions of intake of oil and salt and higher insufficient proportions of livestock and poultry meat, fruits and aquatic products, but their proportions of insufficient intake of cereals and potatoes and soya nuts were lower (χ2 range: 6.986-39.627, P range: <0.001-0.008) compared with the city and other populations. The proportion of insufficient intake of grains and potatoes, vegetables, soya beans and nuts in the population tended to increase(Zcereal=17.839,Z vegetable=11.579,Zbean&nuts=7.749, P<0.001); the proportion of insufficient intake of fruits, livestock and poultry meat, eggs and dairy products tended to decrease (Z range: -19.991-(-2.764), P range: <0.001-0.006); the proportion of excessive intake of salt and alcohol in the population tended to decrease, while the proportion of excessive intake of sugar tended to increase (Zsalt=-20.899,Zalcohol=-12.460,Zsugar=6.791, P<0.001); except for those with education level of tertiary education and above (β=0.005, P=0.520), the Dietary Diversity Score (DDS) of the rest of the subgroups showed an increasing trend (β range: 0.025-0.058, P<0.001).

Conclusion

The dietary structure of residents aged 18 years and above in Guizhou Province is irrational. Although the DDS score has increased, nutritional health interventions should be carried out for different groups of people to improve their dietary quality.

Food intake  /  Dietary quality  /  Dietary diversity
彭江江, 龙泓江, 贺林娟, 黄伊彦文, 吴胜男, 李洪波, 石柱, 孙燕, 刘怡娅. 1991—2018年贵州省成年居民膳食质量现状及其变化趋势. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (12) : 2174 -2181 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202403410
Jiang-jiang PENG, Hong-jiang LONG, Lin-juan HE, Yi-yan-wen HUANG, Sheng-nan WU, Hong-bo LI, Zhu SHI, Yan SUN, Yi-ya LIU. Status and secular trends in dietary quality among the adults, Guizhou, 1991-2018[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (12) : 2174 -2181 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202403410
随着我国城市化进程的加快,肥胖、高血压、糖尿病等营养相关疾病的患病率逐年上升[1],日益威胁着人类健康,而合理膳食是健康的基石,膳食结构的变化对慢性病的发生、发展有着关键意义[2]。研究发现,我国18岁以上成年人群广泛存在膳食结构不合理问题[3-4],成年居民的膳食状况不可忽视。膳食多样化指的是一定时期内的膳食中包含多种同类或不同类型的食物,其对于居民的健康状况有积极意义[5]。目前,针对贵州省居民膳食状况的评价研究较少,且多基于横断面调查,缺少对当地居民膳食状况变化趋势的探讨[6-7]。本研究基于长期纵向队列研究“中国健康与营养调查”数据,选择贵州省18岁及以上成年居民为研究对象,探讨其1991—2018年间各类膳食摄入情况及膳食多样性的变化趋势,旨在了解该地区居民膳食质量,发现此类人群膳食结构中存在的问题并提出相应建议,以促进我省成年居民的健康。
选择1991—2018 年“中国健康与营养调查”,以及国家财政项目“中国居民营养状况变迁的队列研究”10轮调查中贵州省18岁及以上成年人作为研究对象,具体的样本量测算、抽样方法见文献[8-9],其中有完整膳食数据者14 800人,剔除人口学数据(性别、民族、年龄、城乡、教育程度)缺失4 063人,能量摄入异常214人(能量摄入量高于第99百分位数及低于第1百分位数[10]),孕妇乳母263人,最终纳入1991年1 050人,1993年1 073人,1997年1 129人,2000年1 083人,2004年1 035人,2006年1 041人,2009年1 002人,2011年961人,2015年1 048人,2018年838人,共计10 260人。该项目通过中国疾病预防控制中心营养与健康所伦理委员会审查(No. 20180314),所有调查对象均签署知情同意书。
对调查户内所有家庭成员进行个人调查,了解其性别、民族、年龄、受教育情况、身体状况等信息。
本研究采用连续3天24小时膳食回顾法收集膳食数据,调查内容包括食物名称和食物摄入量等,油及调味品的摄入情况以家庭为单位使用称量法进行记录。参考《中国居民膳食指南2022版》将食物摄入类别归为谷薯、蔬菜、水果、畜禽肉、水产品、蛋、奶及奶制品、大豆及坚果、油、盐、糖、酒精等12类食物。对油、盐、糖、酒精进行摄入过量评价,对其余食物进行摄入不足评价;剔除盐、糖、酒精,在9类食物基础上,再进行膳食多样化评分(Dietary Diversity Scores, DDS),DDS是基于每个研究对象累计3天内消费的食物种类总数而得出的,不计消费频率及摄入量,每消费一类食物计1分,消费同一类食物不重复计分,DDS得分在0~9分,分析不同年份的不同人群DDS变化趋势。
使用 SAS 9.4软件进行统计分析。定量数据采用均数±标准差,定性数据采用率和百分比描述,利用χ2检验比较不同年份调查对象的人口学特征及2018年不同人群膳食摄入不足/过量的差异,不同调查年份各类食物摄入量与推荐量对比的人群比例变化趋势采用Cochran-Armitage 趋势检验;膳食多样性评分的变化趋势采用一般线性模型进行分析。检验水准 α=0.05。
18~44岁人群从1991年占比59.3%至2018年占比29.6%,而60岁及以上人群从1991年占比15.5%至2018年占比41.2%,45~59岁人群在不同年份变化差异不大;文化程度为小学及以下的人群占比呈下降趋势(从1991年的66.1%下降至2018年的40.5%),其余教育程度的人群占比有不同程度的上升;郊区样本所占的比例逐渐高于县城,城市和农村的样本占比则变化不大。见表1
汉族人群摄入蔬菜不足的比例较少数民族更高(P<0.001);不同年龄组人群的畜禽肉摄入(P=0.001)、不同教育程度人群的水果、畜禽肉摄入(P水果=0.008、P畜禽肉<0.001)及不同地区人群的谷薯、水果、畜禽肉、水产品、大豆及坚果摄入存在差异(P<0.001),见表2。具体来说,60岁及以上人群摄入畜禽肉不足的比例较18~44岁人群更高(χ2=11.931,P<0.001)。小学及以下人群摄入水果不足比例较中专/高中人群更高(χ2=10.173,P=0.001),与大专及以上人群作比,其余学历人群的畜禽肉摄入不足比例都更高(χ2小学及以下=21.870,P<0.001、χ2初中=12.584,P<0.001、χ2中专或高中=11.191,P<0.001)。城市人群的谷薯类摄入不足比例较郊区和县城都较低(χ2郊区=6.986,P=0.008、χ2县城=20.674,P<0.001),县城人群谷薯类摄入不足比例高于农村(χ2=13.924,P<0.001),郊区人群水果及水产品摄入不足比例低于农村(P水果<0.001、χ2水产品=23.404,P<0.001),城市人群的畜禽肉摄入不足比例低于郊区和农村(χ2郊区=7.863,P=0.005、χ2农村=26.016,P<0.001),同时,郊区和县城人群的畜禽肉摄入不足比例都低于农村(χ2郊区=8.185,P=0.004、χ2县城=12.033,P<0.001),城市人群大豆及坚果的摄入不足比例高于农村(χ2=24.448,P<0.001),郊区人群大豆及坚果的摄入不足比例高于县城和农村(χ2县城=11.293,P<0.001、χ2农村=39.627,P<0.001)。
膳食摄入过量分布情况:汉族人群的油和盐摄入过量的比例较少数民族更低(P=0.016、P=0.008),油盐摄入在地区分布上也存在差异(P<0.001),见表2。具体来说,农村人群油脂摄入过量比例较城市、郊区、县城都高(χ2城市=8.529,P=0.004、χ2郊区=16.502,P<0.001、χ2县城=10.373,P=0.001),该人群的盐摄入过量比例也高于郊区和县城(χ2郊区=9.799,P=0.002、χ2县城=11.790,P<0.001)。
随年份升高,人群中谷薯、蔬菜、大豆及坚果的摄入不足比例呈升高趋势;水果、畜禽肉、蛋类、乳类的摄入不足比例呈下降趋势(P其他<0.001,P乳类=0.006);人群中盐、酒类摄入过量的比例呈下降趋势,而糖类摄入过量的比例则呈上升趋势(P<0.001);水产品摄入不足及食用油摄入过量比例在各年份人群中占比的变化趋势无统计学意义(P水产品=0.609、P=0.472)。见表3
随年份的升高,贵州省18岁及以上成年人群的膳食多样化评分(DDS)呈上升趋势,从1991年的4.7分上升到2018年的5.6分(P<0.001)。但大专及以上教育程度的人群,其膳食多样化评分无明显变化(P=0.520)。见表4
本研究结果发现,60岁及以上人群摄入畜禽肉不足的比例较18~44岁人群更高,随年龄增长,老年人食欲下降,其他身体机能如咀嚼、消化功能也在下降,对于畜禽肉的加工方式有更高要求,这可能是该人群畜禽肉摄入不足比例较高的原因;少数民族人群的蔬菜摄入不足率较汉族人群更低,这可能与贵州省部分少数民族拥有较多可食用的植物性食物有关[11],但其油、盐摄入过量的比例较汉族更高,这与部分研究结果相一致[12],这可能是因为随生活水平的提高,调味品尤其是盐的使用在少数民族人群中逐渐普遍,但具体原因仍需更多证据;本研究中,教育程度更高的人群,其食物摄入不足比例会更低,如水果、畜禽肉等,这是因为其接受的营养健康知识更广泛,了解摄入足量食物的重要性,且其所处的环境会更容易提供更多食品,故食物摄入不足比例较低。农村人群的油盐摄入过量比例及畜禽肉、水果、水产品摄入不足比例较高,但其谷薯类及大豆坚果类摄入不足比例与城市等地居民相比却较低,这可能与其饮食习惯及经济水平有关,部分农村地区的传统饮食结构中仍然偏重谷薯及豆类,即以植物性食物为主,其仍是农村居民膳食能量的主要来源[13];对膳食营养知识认识不够也是造成城乡居民,特别是农村居民膳食不平衡的重要原因之一[14]
膳食摄入状况趋势分析结果表明,贵州省成年居民中谷薯、蔬菜、大豆及坚果的摄入不足比例呈升高趋势,水果、畜禽肉、蛋类、乳类的摄入不足比例呈下降趋势,这与其他地区的同类研究结果及全国范围内城乡居民植物性食物比例日趋减少、动物性食物比例上升的结论相类似[15-16]。本研究人群中盐、酒摄入过量的比例呈下降趋势,这与长时间提倡的少盐、限酒的营养宣教密不可分[17],但糖类摄入过量的比例则呈上升趋势,且这与一项基于全国范围的的报道结论相一致[18],可能是因为居民饮食习惯转化较困难,一些人可能没有完全改变自己的饮食习惯,仍然较多食用添加糖的食品,因为基于肠脑轴的糖类感知机制会激励机体摄入并利用更多糖类[19]
相比于评价单类食物,基于食物种类计数的膳食多样性评分是一种可简单评价膳食营养充足摄入程度及整体饮食质量的指标[20],是提高膳食营养质量的重要因素,多样化分数越高,证明营养充足率和饮食质量越好[21-22]。本研究DDS的趋势分析结果表明,贵州省成年居民膳食多样性有所提高,但从历年得分来看,基本一直处于适中水平[23],膳食质量仍有较大提升空间,学历为大专及以上的人群,其DDS未发生明显变化,这可能是因为学历较高人群的膳食营养相关知识往往处于较高水平[24],故基线人群的DDS与往后年份的差异并不明显,这与前述现状分布描述的结果相一致。
本研究未局限于某一横断面研究结果,而是对人群膳食摄入情况的趋势进行了分析,更好地了解了人群中不同膳食摄入情况随时间的变化趋势,这对于及时进行营养决策和干预具有重要意义。同时,在单项膳食摄入评价基础上,又进一步利用DDS指标对居民膳食摄入的多样性进行了评价,以便更好地反映贵州省成年居民的整体饮食质量。本研究也存在一些局限性,首先,本研究是一项描述性研究,未能对食物变化趋势的原因进行深一步的剖析,其次,作为全省的研究,样本量并不充足,故导致在现状研究中部分膳食摄入情况在各个分组间的差异并不明显。
综上,贵州省成年居民的饮食结构并不合理,在总体上还呈现植物性食物摄入较少,动物性食物摄入较多的趋势,虽然DDS有所提升,但水平仍然不高,建议针对不同人群的营养问题,积极开展针对性的营养宣教,并提高食物的可获得性,保证膳食的合理摄入。
  • 国家财政项目(13103110700015005)
  • 中国健康与营养调查项目(R01-HD30880; DK056350; R01-HD38700)
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2024年第51卷第12期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202403410
  • 接收时间:2024-03-22
  • 首发时间:2026-03-17
  • 出版时间:2024-06-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-03-22
基金
国家财政项目(13103110700015005)
中国健康与营养调查项目(R01-HD30880; DK056350; R01-HD38700)
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    贵州省疾病预防控制中心,贵州 贵阳 550004

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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Percentage of
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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