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Article(id=1240651443309433483, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240651438955754377, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202401421, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1706112000000, receivedDateStr=2024-01-25, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773723954274, onlineDateStr=2026-03-17, pubDate=1719244800000, pubDateStr=2024-06-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773723954274, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773723954274, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773723954274, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240651438955754377, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='12', pageStart='2113', pageEnd='2912', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773723953236, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773723953236, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2235, endPage=2241, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240651443632394900, articleId=1240651443309433483, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Experimental study on the effects of different animal blood on the growth of Yersinia pestis, columnId=1228016572065837304, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Experimental Technology and Applications, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To provide a theoretical basis for optimizing and improving the culture medium of Yersinia pestis, the effects of different species and different concentrations of animal blood on the growth of Yersinia pestis were investigated.

Methods

Ten kinds of animal blood including rat blood, rabbit blood and guinea pig blood at four concentrations of 0.1 %, 0.5 %, 1 % and 2 % were used as blood stimulators to culture Yersinia pestis in the medium. The culture results were observed and the corresponding statistical analysis was carried out.

Results

The effect of 10 kinds of animal blood on the number of Yersinia pestis colonies at 1 % concentration was different (P=0.015 < 0.05), and pig blood was better than chicken blood (P=0.026 < 0.05). The effect of four concentrations of pig blood on the number of Yersinia pestis colonies was statistically significant (P=0.037 < 0.05), and it was better than the blank at 1 % concentration (P=0.002 < 0.05). The effects of ten kinds of animal blood at four concentrations on the length of Yersinia pestis were statistically significant (P<0.001). The difference in the effect of four concentrations of blood on the length of Yersinia pestis in ten animals was also statistically significant (P<0.001).

Conclusion

When observing the number of colonies, the optimal choice is 1% pig blood. In addition, low concentration and easy-to-obtain blood stimulants can be selected as far as possible. To cultivate a better length of Yersinia pestis, the optimal choice is 0.1% rabbit blood, which can achieve the desired experimental results and save costs. In addition, using the Herxheimer’s sensitive medium with only blood stimulator to culture Yersinia pestis, the characteristics of the strain will not undergo L-type transformation, and the overall characteristics of the strain are stable, which is of great significance for the stable passage and preservation of the strain.

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目的

探讨应用不同物种、不同浓度动物血制作的培养基对于鼠疫菌生长的影响，为优化改良鼠疫菌培养基提供理论依据。

方法

使用0.1%、0.5%、1%和2%四种浓度下大鼠血、兔血、豚鼠血等十种动物血制作的培养基培养鼠疫菌，共传十代，观察培养结果，再进行相应统计分析。

结果

1%浓度下十种动物血对于鼠疫菌菌落数目的影响有差异（P=0.015<0.05），且猪血优于鸡血（P=0.026<0.05）；四种浓度的猪血对于鼠疫菌菌落数目的影响差异具有统计学意义（P=0.037<0.05），1%浓度下优于空白（P=0.002<0.05）。四种浓度下十种动物血对于鼠疫菌长度的影响差异均具有统计学意义（P<0.001）；而十种动物血液四个浓度间对于鼠疫菌长度的影响差异也具有统计学意义（P<0.001）。

结论

在观察菌落数量时，最优选择为1%猪血，除此之外尽可能选择低浓度、易获取的血液刺激剂。若想培养出更优长度的鼠疫菌，最优选择为0.1%兔血，既能达到理想的实验效果又能节约成本。此外，利用只添加血液刺激剂的赫氏敏感培养基培养鼠疫菌，菌株的性状不会发生L型转变，菌株的总体性状是稳定的，这对菌种稳定传代保存有重要意义。

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苏超，E-mail：；
高子厚，E-mail：
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点，除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=6KNVXycbURM58IIRs3vAFw==, magXml=SQZb5/zVAs4cyBjbvKTDSA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=FMJxxXLToW4TWqxQvlj1+Q==, pdfFileSize=1184893, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=4pz96TlvWhrRTcEHBuqrVA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=HI1QTiICEZ+0mj1ePdAgFA==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

赵莹（1999—），女，硕士在读，研究方向：鼠疫自然疫源性疾病研究

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赵莹（1999—），女，硕士在读，研究方向：鼠疫自然疫源性疾病研究

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Pathogens, 2022, 11(2): 255., articleTitle=An improvement in diagnostic blood culture conditions allows for the rapid detection and isolation of the slow growing pathogen yersinia pestis, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1240651454441115944, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651443309433483, awardId=32360248; 81660554, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金项目(32360248; 81660554), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1240651454575333680, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651443309433483, awardId=YNWR-MY-2018-035, language=CN, fundingSource=“兴滇英才支持计划”(YNWR-MY-2018-035), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1240651454680191287, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651443309433483, awardId=202102AA100019, language=CN, fundingSource=云南省重大科技专项课题(202102AA100019), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1240651444903269074, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651443309433483, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240651444911657683, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651443309433483, companyId=1240651444903269074, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Public Health, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan 671000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240651444920046292, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651443309433483, companyId=1240651444903269074, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.大理大学公共卫生学院，云南 大理 671000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1240651445029098201, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651443309433483, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240651445037486809, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651443309433483, companyId=1240651445029098201, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.云南省地方病防治所)]), AuthorCompany(id=1240651445112984287, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651443309433483, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240651445117178593, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651443309433483, companyId=1240651445112984287, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.云南省自然疫源性疾病防控技术重点实验室)]), AuthorCompany(id=1240651445213647589, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651443309433483, xref=4., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240651445217841894, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651443309433483, companyId=1240651445213647589, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4.昆明医科大学公共卫生学院)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1240651450452332628, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651443309433483, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Box diagram of the length of Yersinia pestis cultured in blood of different animals at the same concentration, figureFileSmall=J4lp44gK2R4VzTRtCmGSzA==, figureFileBig=4pz96TlvWhrRTcEHBuqrVA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240651450548801633, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651443309433483, language=CN, label=图1, caption=同一浓度、不同动物血液培养鼠疫菌长度箱式图

注：A、B、C、D分别表示0.1%、0.5%、1%及2%四种浓度；用2%的大鼠血作为血液刺激剂培养鼠疫菌时，发生污染，无数据。

, figureFileSmall=J4lp44gK2R4VzTRtCmGSzA==, figureFileBig=4pz96TlvWhrRTcEHBuqrVA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240651450775294070, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651443309433483, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Pairwise comparison of the length of Yersinia pestis in the same concentration and different animal blood, figureFileSmall=aVSyEPPxJbEAbs0aAvB4eQ==, figureFileBig=xnHmS4KHF2V5OdBjlmeIbA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240651452268466302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651443309433483, language=CN, label=图2, caption=同一浓度、不同动物血液对鼠疫菌长度的两两比较

注：A、B、C、D分别表示0.1%、0.5%、1%及2%四种浓度；* P<0.05, ** P<0.01。

, figureFileSmall=aVSyEPPxJbEAbs0aAvB4eQ==, figureFileBig=xnHmS4KHF2V5OdBjlmeIbA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240651452406878347, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651443309433483, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Pairwise comparison of the length of Yersinia pestis in different concentrations and the same animal blood, figureFileSmall=YlD1tKV5FvaVVwJcWxbdpA==, figureFileBig=DCgpKIwAhz7wx2bAtVUs/w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240651452553679003, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651443309433483, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同浓度、同一动物血液对鼠疫菌长度的两两比较

注：A、B、C、D、E、F、G、H、I、J分别表示大鼠、狗、鸡、驴、马、牛、兔、豚鼠、羊和猪十种物种；* P<0.05, ** P<0.01。

, figureFileSmall=YlD1tKV5FvaVVwJcWxbdpA==, figureFileBig=DCgpKIwAhz7wx2bAtVUs/w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240651452671119529, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651443309433483, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Analysis of the effect of the same concentration and different animal blood on the number of Yersinia pestis colonies

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
浓度十种物种菌落数目秩平均值H值P值
大鼠鸡驴马牛兔豚鼠羊猪空白
0.1%49.4049.8051.7559.4063.3549.3561.3065.3560.5562.6037.657.1160.714
0.5%58.5038.7033.6552.3564.2558.4068.3075.0550.8560.4050.0514.6030.147
1%45.0037.3531.8564.5046.7058.3567.4068.7060.3081.6548.7021.9710.015
2%-48.4022.8055.0548.7040.4058.4563.1061.1558.0048.9515.3530.082
), ArticleFig(id=1240651452813725876, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651443309433483, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

同一浓度、不同动物血液对鼠疫菌菌落数目的影响分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
浓度十种物种菌落数目秩平均值H值P值
大鼠鸡驴马牛兔豚鼠羊猪空白
0.1%49.4049.8051.7559.4063.3549.3561.3065.3560.5562.6037.657.1160.714
0.5%58.5038.7033.6552.3564.2558.4068.3075.0550.8560.4050.0514.6030.147
1%45.0037.3531.8564.5046.7058.3567.4068.7060.3081.6548.7021.9710.015
2%-48.4022.8055.0548.7040.4058.4563.1061.1558.0048.9515.3530.082
), ArticleFig(id=1240651452906000575, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651443309433483, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Pairwise comparison of the effects of different animal blood on the colony number of Yersinia pestis at 1% concentration

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
物种大鼠狗鸡驴马牛兔豚鼠羊猪
空白1.0001.0001.0001.0001.0001.0001.0001.0001.0001.000
大鼠-1.0001.0001.0001.0001.0001.0001.0001.0000.560
狗--1.0001.0001.0001.0001.0001.0001.0000.104
鸡---1.0001.0001.0000.6970.5371.0000.026
驴----1.0001.0001.0001.0001.0001.000
马-----1.0001.0001.0001.0000.784
牛------1.0001.0001.0001.000
兔-------1.0001.0001.000
豚鼠--------1.0001.000
羊---------1.000
), ArticleFig(id=1240651453023441099, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651443309433483, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

1%浓度下，不同动物血液对鼠疫菌菌落数目的影响的两两比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
物种大鼠狗鸡驴马牛兔豚鼠羊猪
空白1.0001.0001.0001.0001.0001.0001.0001.0001.0001.000
大鼠-1.0001.0001.0001.0001.0001.0001.0001.0000.560
狗--1.0001.0001.0001.0001.0001.0001.0000.104
鸡---1.0001.0001.0000.6970.5371.0000.026
驴----1.0001.0001.0001.0001.0001.000
马-----1.0001.0001.0001.0000.784
牛------1.0001.0001.0001.000
兔-------1.0001.0001.000
豚鼠--------1.0001.000
羊---------1.000
), ArticleFig(id=1240651453166047449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651443309433483, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Analysis of the effects of different concentrations and the same animal blood on the number of Yersinia pestis colonies

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
物种四种浓度下菌落数目秩平均值/均数±标准差检验统计量P值
0.1%0.5%1%2%空白
大鼠血18.2024.4019.30-20.101.6190.655
马血29.7531.0024.1024.9517.705.2480.263
牛血25.1530.0531.0521.9019.354.8250.306
豚鼠血25.8030.5028.6527.7514.807.2810.122
狗血41.90±27.6735.80±16.4435.20±19.5441.50±24.4446.80±35.830.3500.842
鸡血42.00±26.6632.20±16.7030.80±23.2621.40±17.2946.80+35.831.5930.193
驴血48.60±26.4743.60±19.3854.30±22.1948.60±28.2146.80+35.830.2070.933
兔血47.70±22.9653.20±19.3854.10±17.7050.40±24.1746.80+35.831.7530.155
羊血49.00±25.3742.30±18.1949.60±15.8150.30±19.2746.80+35.831.4260.241
猪血49.30±24.7347.10±18.2363.20±15.7550.00±22.4046.80+35.832.7990.037
), ArticleFig(id=1240651453304459490, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651443309433483, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同浓度、同一动物血液对鼠疫菌菌落数目的影响分析

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物种四种浓度下菌落数目秩平均值/均数±标准差检验统计量P值
0.1%0.5%1%2%空白
大鼠血18.2024.4019.30-20.101.6190.655
马血29.7531.0024.1024.9517.705.2480.263
牛血25.1530.0531.0521.9019.354.8250.306
豚鼠血25.8030.5028.6527.7514.807.2810.122
狗血41.90±27.6735.80±16.4435.20±19.5441.50±24.4446.80±35.830.3500.842
鸡血42.00±26.6632.20±16.7030.80±23.2621.40±17.2946.80+35.831.5930.193
驴血48.60±26.4743.60±19.3854.30±22.1948.60±28.2146.80+35.830.2070.933
兔血47.70±22.9653.20±19.3854.10±17.7050.40±24.1746.80+35.831.7530.155
羊血49.00±25.3742.30±18.1949.60±15.8150.30±19.2746.80+35.831.4260.241
猪血49.30±24.7347.10±18.2363.20±15.7550.00±22.4046.80+35.832.7990.037
), ArticleFig(id=1240651453447065840, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651443309433483, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Comparison of the effects of pig blood at four concentrations on the number ofYersinia pestis colonies

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
浓度0.1%0.5%1%2%空白
0.1%-0.8150.1440.9410.073
0.5%--0.0920.7580.116
1%---0.1650.002
2%----0.062
), ArticleFig(id=1240651453551923447, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651443309433483, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

四种浓度下的猪血对于鼠疫菌菌落数目的影响的两两比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
浓度0.1%0.5%1%2%空白
0.1%-0.8150.1440.9410.073
0.5%--0.0920.7580.116
1%---0.1650.002
2%----0.062
), ArticleFig(id=1240651453686141185, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651443309433483, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Analysis of the effect of the same concentration and different animal blood on the length of Yersinia pestis

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
浓度十种物种鼠疫菌长度秩平均值
大鼠狗鸡驴马牛兔
0.1%2 435.652 697.132 636.382 834.562 856.772 580.703 303.62
0.5%2 625.463 221.102 764.102 974.162 696.272 844.312 202.50
1%3 045.183 422.623 080.892 081.362 825.322 659.462 364.15
2%-2 824.592 584.232 216.044 124.422 246.612 200.50
浓度十种物种鼠疫菌长度秩平均值H值P值
豚鼠羊猪空白
0.1%2 910.013 153.422 963.451 579.82415.049<0.001
0.5%2 759.722 628.792 284.492 991.47178.093<0.001
1%2 462.452 719.922 537.863 056.29293.752<0.001
2%1 942.902 449.722 018.692 397.30849.629<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1240651453811970312, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651443309433483, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

同一浓度、不同动物血液对鼠疫菌长度的影响分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
浓度十种物种鼠疫菌长度秩平均值
大鼠狗鸡驴马牛兔
0.1%2 435.652 697.132 636.382 834.562 856.772 580.703 303.62
0.5%2 625.463 221.102 764.102 974.162 696.272 844.312 202.50
1%3 045.183 422.623 080.892 081.362 825.322 659.462 364.15
2%-2 824.592 584.232 216.044 124.422 246.612 200.50
浓度十种物种鼠疫菌长度秩平均值H值P值
豚鼠羊猪空白
0.1%2 910.013 153.422 963.451 579.82415.049<0.001
0.5%2 759.722 628.792 284.492 991.47178.093<0.001
1%2 462.452 719.922 537.863 056.29293.752<0.001
2%1 942.902 449.722 018.692 397.30849.629<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1240651454210429204, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651443309433483, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Analysis of the effects of different concentrations and the same animal blood on the length of Yersinia pestis

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
物种四种浓度下鼠疫菌长度秩平均值H值P值
0.1%0.5%1%2%空白
大鼠血1 257.49808.59924.90-939.21162.920<0.001
狗血1 574.581 166.221 194.981 267.821 048.90149.848<0.001
鸡血1 617.151 071.771 167.841 243.011 152.73175.442<0.001
驴血1 801.291 229.15840.301 144.591 237.17463.958<0.001
马血1 611.33896.07876.851 875.17993.08817.501<0.001
牛血1 640.471 151.271 022.251 117.151 188.94231.354<0.001
兔血1 969.16912.38968.141 157.191 245.64690.205<0.001
豚鼠血1 809.751 147.231 000.751 032.701 262.07415.870<0.001
羊血1 788.521 027.961 044.981 207.741 183.31371.923<0.001
猪血1 883.41950.641 050.741 090.871 276.84534.092<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1240651454311092509, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651443309433483, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

不同浓度、同一动物血液对鼠疫菌长度的影响分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
物种四种浓度下鼠疫菌长度秩平均值H值P值
0.1%0.5%1%2%空白
大鼠血1 257.49808.59924.90-939.21162.920<0.001
狗血1 574.581 166.221 194.981 267.821 048.90149.848<0.001
鸡血1 617.151 071.771 167.841 243.011 152.73175.442<0.001
驴血1 801.291 229.15840.301 144.591 237.17463.958<0.001
马血1 611.33896.07876.851 875.17993.08817.501<0.001
牛血1 640.471 151.271 022.251 117.151 188.94231.354<0.001
兔血1 969.16912.38968.141 157.191 245.64690.205<0.001
豚鼠血1 809.751 147.231 000.751 032.701 262.07415.870<0.001
羊血1 788.521 027.961 044.981 207.741 183.31371.923<0.001
猪血1 883.41950.641 050.741 090.871 276.84534.092<0.001
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不同动物血液对于鼠疫菌生长影响的实验研究
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赵莹 1, 2, 3 , 张玲玲 4 , 霍小玉 4 , 黄雪娟 4 , 郭敏 1 , 高子厚 2, 3 , 苏超 2, 3
现代预防医学 | 实验技术及其应用 2024,51(12): 2235-2241
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现代预防医学 | 实验技术及其应用 2024, 51(12): 2235-2241
不同动物血液对于鼠疫菌生长影响的实验研究
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赵莹1, 2, 3, 张玲玲4, 霍小玉4, 黄雪娟4, 郭敏1, 高子厚2, 3 , 苏超2, 3
作者信息
  • 1.大理大学公共卫生学院，云南 大理 671000
  • 2.云南省地方病防治所
  • 3.云南省自然疫源性疾病防控技术重点实验室
  • 4.昆明医科大学公共卫生学院

    • 赵莹（1999—），女，硕士在读，研究方向：鼠疫自然疫源性疾病研究

通讯作者:

苏超，E-mail：；
高子厚，E-mail：
Experimental study on the effects of different animal blood on the growth of Yersinia pestis
Ying ZHAO1, 2, 3, Ling-ling ZHANG4, Xiao-yu HUO4, Xue-juan HUANG4, Min GUO1, Zi-hou GAO2, 3 , Chao SU2, 3
Affiliations
  • School of Public Health, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan 671000, China
出版时间: 2024-06-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202401421
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摘要
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目的

探讨应用不同物种、不同浓度动物血制作的培养基对于鼠疫菌生长的影响，为优化改良鼠疫菌培养基提供理论依据。

方法

使用0.1%、0.5%、1%和2%四种浓度下大鼠血、兔血、豚鼠血等十种动物血制作的培养基培养鼠疫菌，共传十代，观察培养结果，再进行相应统计分析。

结果

1%浓度下十种动物血对于鼠疫菌菌落数目的影响有差异（P=0.015<0.05），且猪血优于鸡血（P=0.026<0.05）；四种浓度的猪血对于鼠疫菌菌落数目的影响差异具有统计学意义（P=0.037<0.05），1%浓度下优于空白（P=0.002<0.05）。四种浓度下十种动物血对于鼠疫菌长度的影响差异均具有统计学意义（P<0.001）；而十种动物血液四个浓度间对于鼠疫菌长度的影响差异也具有统计学意义（P<0.001）。

结论

在观察菌落数量时，最优选择为1%猪血，除此之外尽可能选择低浓度、易获取的血液刺激剂。若想培养出更优长度的鼠疫菌，最优选择为0.1%兔血，既能达到理想的实验效果又能节约成本。此外，利用只添加血液刺激剂的赫氏敏感培养基培养鼠疫菌，菌株的性状不会发生L型转变，菌株的总体性状是稳定的，这对菌种稳定传代保存有重要意义。

鼠疫菌  /  动物血液  /  血液刺激剂  /  生长  /  实验研究
Objective

To provide a theoretical basis for optimizing and improving the culture medium of Yersinia pestis, the effects of different species and different concentrations of animal blood on the growth of Yersinia pestis were investigated.

Methods

Ten kinds of animal blood including rat blood, rabbit blood and guinea pig blood at four concentrations of 0.1 %, 0.5 %, 1 % and 2 % were used as blood stimulators to culture Yersinia pestis in the medium. The culture results were observed and the corresponding statistical analysis was carried out.

Results

The effect of 10 kinds of animal blood on the number of Yersinia pestis colonies at 1 % concentration was different (P=0.015 < 0.05), and pig blood was better than chicken blood (P=0.026 < 0.05). The effect of four concentrations of pig blood on the number of Yersinia pestis colonies was statistically significant (P=0.037 < 0.05), and it was better than the blank at 1 % concentration (P=0.002 < 0.05). The effects of ten kinds of animal blood at four concentrations on the length of Yersinia pestis were statistically significant (P<0.001). The difference in the effect of four concentrations of blood on the length of Yersinia pestis in ten animals was also statistically significant (P<0.001).

Conclusion

When observing the number of colonies, the optimal choice is 1% pig blood. In addition, low concentration and easy-to-obtain blood stimulants can be selected as far as possible. To cultivate a better length of Yersinia pestis, the optimal choice is 0.1% rabbit blood, which can achieve the desired experimental results and save costs. In addition, using the Herxheimer’s sensitive medium with only blood stimulator to culture Yersinia pestis, the characteristics of the strain will not undergo L-type transformation, and the overall characteristics of the strain are stable, which is of great significance for the stable passage and preservation of the strain.

Yersinia pestis  /  Animal blood  /  Blood stimulators  /  Growth  /  Experimental research
赵莹, 张玲玲, 霍小玉, 黄雪娟, 郭敏, 高子厚, 苏超. 不同动物血液对于鼠疫菌生长影响的实验研究. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (12) : 2235 -2241 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202401421
Ying ZHAO, Ling-ling ZHANG, Xiao-yu HUO, Xue-juan HUANG, Min GUO, Zi-hou GAO, Chao SU. Experimental study on the effects of different animal blood on the growth of Yersinia pestis[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (12) : 2235 -2241 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202401421
正文
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云南省有家、野两类疫源地，且近年来野鼠疫源地一直处于活跃状态，家鼠疫源地也存在复苏的迹象[1-2]，警示着鼠疫从来没有淡出我们的生活。因此尽早发现并确定鼠疫疫情，及时处置并控制危害的扩大依然非常重要。鼠疫耶尔森氏菌（以下简称鼠疫菌）作为鼠疫的病原体，是判定鼠疫疫情的依据之一[3]。培养基是分离鼠疫菌的基本条件，也是培养鼠疫菌的“容器”，而优质培养基对于细菌学诊断、菌落的辨认与挑选、鼠疫菌的分离培养、毒力因子的鉴定以及鼠疫菌保存机制的探索具有重要意义[4]。血液是鼠疫菌生长的良好刺激剂，以往研究时常用的血液刺激剂为兔溶血[4-11]，其他动物血对鼠疫菌生长的影响是否与兔血相同尚未可知。考虑能自然感染鼠疫的动物种类众多[12-13]，但因动物实验的条件限制，且云南以鸡、牛、羊、猪等家禽较为常见，因此本研究在全省范围内，选择马、牛、猪、狗、鸡等与人类接触密切动物以及大鼠、豚鼠的血液制作培养基，探究添加不同浓度、不同动物血液的培养基对鼠疫菌生长的影响，以便为今后鼠疫菌培养基血液刺激剂筛选、鼠疫现场广泛应用及鼠疫菌病原学研究提供理论依据，同时优化后的培养基对于菌株鉴定、鉴别和分型，探索新型鼠疫菌的毒力因子以及鼠疫菌的传播与保存机制具有重要意义。
1　材料与方法
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1.1　材料
1.1.1　试验菌株
鼠疫疫苗菌株（EV76），由云南省地方病防治所提供。
1.1.2　血液选择
无菌脱纤维豚鼠全血、无菌脱纤维大鼠全血、无菌脱纤维狗全血、无菌脱纤维兔全血、无菌脱纤维马全血、无菌脱纤维羊全血、无菌脱纤维驴全血、无菌脱纤维牛全血、无菌脱纤维猪全血、无菌脱纤维鸡全血。
1.2　方法
1.2.1　无菌脱纤维动物血液制备
对相应健康动物无菌采集全血，将其注入盛有玻璃珠的器皿中，不停转动玻璃珠以分离纤维蛋白，阻止血液凝固，最后得到无菌脱纤维动物全血（全程无菌操作）。
1.2.2　血液培养基的制备
往配制好的赫氏培养基中依次添加不同的动物血液，摇匀，完成浓度0.1%、0.5%、1%、2%的培养基配置，倒板。将制作好的培养皿做好标记放入37℃的恒温培养箱中，待24 h观察是否有污染；将无污染的培养基密封保存于4℃冰箱，备用。
1.2.3　菌液制备
将麦氏浊度为0.5的菌液（约相当于每毫升1×108个细菌）稀释至1×104个/ml，振荡混匀。再吸取已稀释的菌液10 μl（约100个菌）滴入不同血液浓度的平皿上，用一次性L棒涂布接种，于28℃培养，每48 h传代一次，传至十代。
1.2.4　活菌计数
培养皿培养24 h后取出，使用全自动菌落计数仪计数，记录每一代菌落数。
1.2.5　染色制片
利用革兰氏快速染液染色制作玻片标本，于Olympus生物显微镜油镜（100×）下观察，并拍照留存。
1.2.6　测量菌落长度
镜检后的菌落镜检图，用Image J科研图片处理软件测量每一种血液培养的每一代鼠疫菌菌落长度，每张图片测量不少于50个菌体。
1.2.7　质量控制
实验过程中全程无菌操作。每次实验前后均对实验环境和生物安全柜进行紫外线照射消毒；试验器材使用前用高压蒸汽灭菌设备高压灭菌（121℃，20 min）。培养皿制作后于37℃的恒温培养箱中培养，24 h后检查是否有杂菌。培养皿无菌冷藏保存，接种时使用质量较好，完好无杂菌的培养皿接种。
1.2.8　数据分析
利用 SPSS 25.0 软件，对同种浓度不同动物血液、不同浓度相同动物血液中生长的鼠疫菌菌落数目和长度进行单因素方差分析。若存在差异，方差分析结果采用LSD法进行两两比较；Kruskal-Wallis检验分析结果采用非参数检验多个独立样本间两两比较，检验水准α=0.05。
2　结果
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2.1　不同血液刺激剂对鼠疫菌菌落数的影响分析
2.1.1　同一浓度，不同动物血液对于鼠疫菌菌落数目的影响
采用Kruskal-Wallis检验分析0.1%、0.5%、1%、2%浓度下十种动物的血液刺激剂对鼠疫菌菌落数目的影响。结果显示，1%浓度下十种动物血对于鼠疫菌菌落数目的影响存在统计学意义（P=0.015<0.05）。其余三种浓度下，十种动物血间对于鼠疫菌菌落数目的影响无统计学意义（P>0.05）。见表1。
进一步采用非参数检验多个独立样本间两两比较，结果显示1%浓度下添加猪血的培养基培养鼠疫菌时，菌落数目优于鸡血（P=0.026<0.05）。见表2。
2.1.2　不同浓度，同一动物血液对鼠疫菌菌落数目的影响
采用Kruskal-Wallis检验分析，结果显示，四种浓度下大鼠血、马血、牛血、豚鼠血对于鼠疫菌菌落数目的影响无统计学意义（P>0.05）。采用方差分析探究添加了狗血、鸡血、驴血、兔血、羊血、猪血的培养基对鼠疫菌菌落数目的影响时，结果显示四种浓度下的猪血对于鼠疫菌菌落数目的影响具有统计学意义（F=2.799，P=0.037<0.05），其余差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。见表3。
进一步采用LSD法进行两两比较，以具体分析四种浓度下的猪血对于鼠疫菌菌落数目的影响。结果显示，1%浓度的猪血优于空白组（P=0.002<0.05）。见表4。
2.2　不同血液刺激剂对鼠疫菌长度的影响分析
2.2.1　同一浓度、不同动物血液对鼠疫菌长度的影响
采用Kruskal-Wallis检验分析0.1%、0.5%、1%、2%浓度下十种动物血液对鼠疫菌长度的影响，结果显示，四种浓度下十种动物血对于鼠疫菌长度的影响均具有统计学意义（P<0.001）。见表5。
进一步两两比较，0.5%浓度下大鼠血、羊血、兔血和猪血，1%浓度下驴血、牛血、豚鼠血、羊血、兔血和猪血以及2%浓度下豚鼠血和猪血培养的鼠疫菌长度均低于空白组（P<0.05）。结合两两比较的结果，若想培养更优长度的鼠疫菌，0.1%浓度下，可选择的血液刺激剂依次为兔血、羊血、猪血；0.5%浓度下，可依次选择狗血、驴血；1%浓度下，建议选择狗血，其次为鸡血、大鼠血；2%浓度下则选择马血、狗血、鸡血。见图1，2。
2.2.2　不同浓度，同一动物血液对鼠疫菌长度的影响
采用Kruskal-Wallis检验不同浓度、同一动物血液对鼠疫菌长度的影响，结果显示，十种动物血液刺激剂在0.1%、0.5%、1%、2%四种浓度下对于鼠疫菌长度的影响差异均具有统计学意义（P<0.001）。见表6。
进一步两两比较发现0.5%浓度大鼠血、兔血、羊血和猪血；1%浓度驴血、牛血、兔血、豚鼠血、羊血和猪血以及2%浓度的豚鼠血和猪血培养的鼠疫菌长度均低于空白组（P<0.05）。结合两两比较结果，可选择0.1%浓度大鼠血、兔血等九种动物血作为血液刺激剂，也可选择2%的马血作为血液刺激剂。见图3。
3　讨论
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在鼠疫菌研究中，培养的鼠疫菌大小、长度与质量十分重要，培养基是分离鼠疫菌的基本条件，为了使鼠疫菌更好的生长和繁殖，需在基础培养基内加入某种刺激鼠疫菌生长的因子[14]，其中屠曼斯基等认为血液是鼠疫菌生长的最好刺激剂，因为血液能降低培养基内的氧压，所蕴含的血红素能刺激细菌的呼吸作用从而缩短迟滞期，也能提供其生长所需的碳源、氮源及无机盐等[15]。实验室常用的血液刺激剂为1%兔血[4]。此外，冯建萍等[7,16]探究了不同种类刺激剂对鼠疫菌生长的影响，结果显示破伤风培养基用Ⅰ号溶液和10%脱纤维兔溶血对鼠疫菌刺激更优；脱纤维绵羊血液和喜马拉雅旱獭血液培养的鼠疫菌生长情况优于脱纤维兔溶血培养基、布氏菌专用血培养基和赫氏普通培养基。但其他常见动物如猪、牛、马等对于对鼠疫菌的生长作用效果如何，目前尚无报道。本实验则探索了不同浓度下兔血及其他常见动物血对鼠疫菌生长的影响，为优化改良鼠疫菌培养基提供理论依据。
我们的实验结果显示，一些动物血液培养的鼠疫菌长度低于没有添加血液刺激剂的空白组，猜测可能与鼠疫疫苗菌株（EV76）活化程度以及测量鼠疫菌长度时存在系统误差有关。但作为实验室常用血液刺激剂1%脱纤维兔溶血，与1%大鼠血、狗血等10种动物血液以及空白组对鼠疫菌菌落数目的影响并无差异，反而1%猪血制作的培养基可获得更优数量的鼠疫菌菌落。菌落作为单个细菌生长而来，具有一定的稳定性，鼠疫菌菌落的形态特征对于衡量鼠疫菌菌种的纯度，辨认、鉴定及分离鼠疫菌的具有重要意义[4]。则1%猪血制作的敏感培养基更有利于观察菌落特征等实验。0.1%兔血所制作的培养基可以获得长度更优的鼠疫菌，对于鼠疫菌菌株鉴定和分型、研究鼠疫菌的毒理因子及其保存机制等是更好的选择。但由于云南家禽以牛、羊、猪等为主，兔血相对而言不易获取，因此建议可使用2%的马血，1%的狗血，0.1%的羊血，2%和0.5%的狗血及0.1%的猪血，也能培养出长度更优的鼠疫菌，以达到实验目的。
此外能自然感染鼠疫的动物种类众多，为鼠疫菌在自然状态下的生长、转变提供了极为众多的可能与不确定性。且其流行和保存机制尚不清楚，对于这种疾病疫情发生的可能性尚无法预测，随时随地都有发生鼠疫流行的可能。而L型作为细菌、真菌等微生物的细胞壁缺陷型，是真菌等受到不利因素（物理、化学、生物等因素）的影响，生态环境发生改变时出现的一种特殊保存形态。有观点认为，鼠疫流行后会出现一段静息期，可能与鼠疫菌转变为L型菌有关。鼠疫菌L型的存在，对于鼠疫疫源地的存在与鼠疫的流行有着重要意义[17-18]。L型细菌的培养需加入3%~5%NaCl、10%~20%蔗糖或7%聚乙烯吡咯酮（PVP）等稳定剂，以提高培养基的渗透压，但还需加入人或马血清[19]。在1971—1980年曾有研究者从野生啮齿动物中分离L型鼠疫菌的过程中，便发现在含有正常马血清和蔗糖的0.3%半液体琼脂上只分离到L型菌株；而赫金格尔琼脂和L型培养基上，均分离到通常的鼠疫菌[20]。还有研究证实鼠疫菌L型在豚鼠体内可存活20~30天[5]。由此其他动物的介入是否会影响鼠疫菌L型的转变值得我们思考。我们的实验利用十种动物血液制作的培养基培养EV76菌，共传十代，镜下观察显示，菌体形态均为通常的鼠疫菌，并未发现其形态的改变。原因分析：该项研究将野生动物的内部器官接种于相应培养基上，分离到L型菌株所使用的培养基添加了正常马血清与15%蔗糖[20]；而我们利用EV76菌进行模拟，且使用的是添加不同动物全血的赫氏敏感培养基，并没有加入稳定剂。鼠疫菌种资源的保存在鼠疫防控与研究中至关重要，而保存过程中经常会将菌株不断复苏、传代，该过程菌株的性状是否发生改变对于研究结果有很大影响。我们的实验结果初步证实了利用只添加血液刺激剂的赫氏敏感培养基培养鼠疫菌，菌株的性状不会发生L型转变，菌株的总体性状是稳定的，这对菌种稳定传代保存有重要意义。
虽然没有观察到鼠疫菌形态的变化，但几种动物血液在体外环境下，对鼠疫菌生长状况的影响敏感程度确有不同。根据实验结果，在确保实验结果的基础上增加了选择血液刺激剂的种类，也可因地制宜、节约成本并节省时间；同时其也为进一步研究鼠疫菌的生长、转变、保存机制提供一定参考和启示作用。此外，有研究指出往血液培养基中加入Ca2+和Fe2+，能提高鼠疫菌的生长速度，以便快速诊断，因此还可进一步探究相关培养条件[21]。关于鼠疫菌L型的产生机制、生物学特性以及在自然环境下其他动物的介入对于鼠疫菌的转变是否有影响等问题也需进一步深入研究。
基金
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  • 国家自然科学基金项目(32360248; 81660554)
  • “兴滇英才支持计划”(YNWR-MY-2018-035)
  • 云南省重大科技专项课题(202102AA100019)
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2024年第51卷第12期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202401421
  • 接收时间：2024-01-25
  • 首发时间：2026-03-17
  • 出版时间：2024-06-25
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  • 收稿日期：2024-01-25
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(32360248; 81660554)
“兴滇英才支持计划”(YNWR-MY-2018-035)
云南省重大科技专项课题(202102AA100019)
作者信息
    1.大理大学公共卫生学院，云南 大理 671000
    2.云南省地方病防治所
    3.云南省自然疫源性疾病防控技术重点实验室
    4.昆明医科大学公共卫生学院

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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