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Article(id=1240651442369909383, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240651438955754377, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202401423, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1706112000000, receivedDateStr=2024-01-25, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773723954050, onlineDateStr=2026-03-17, pubDate=1719244800000, pubDateStr=2024-06-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773723954050, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773723954050, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773723954050, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240651438955754377, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='12', pageStart='2113', pageEnd='2912', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773723953236, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773723953236, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2277, endPage=2281, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240651443548508816, articleId=1240651442369909383, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Epidemiological characteristics of public health emergencies caused by infectious diseases in Beijing from 2014 to 2023, columnId=1228016571713520579, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Health Supervison, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To analyze the epidemic characteristics of infectious disease public health emergencies in Beijing in recent 10 years, and to provide reference for the prevention and control of infectious disease public health emergencies.

Methods

Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the occurrence characteristics of public health emergencies of infectious diseases in Beijing from 2014 to 2023.

Results

From 2014 to 2023, a total of 443 public health emergencies of infectious diseases were reported in Beijing, with 7 334 cases and 20 deaths. The incidence rate was 1.56% and the fatality rate was 0.27%. There were 240 unclassified incidents (54.18%) and 202 general incidents (45.60%). The main categories were Class B incidents and Class C incidents, with 202 events (45.60%) and 98 events (22.12%) reported respectively. The main transmission routes were life contact transmission, water and food transmission and vector animal and plant transmission, with 192 evens (43.34%), 36 evens (8.13%) and 29 evens (6.55%) reported respectively. The main occurrence places were home and school, with 215 events (48.53%) and 136 events (30.70%) reported respectively. The peak months were June-August and January-February, with 149 events (33.63%) and 105 events (23.70%) reported respectively. The prediction accuracy of the grey model GM(1,1) is excellent, but the difference between the predicted value and the actual value in 2020-2023 is large.

Conclusion

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly changed the rising trend of public health emergencies of infectious diseases in Beijing, but the prevention and control work in the post-COVID-19 era should not be ignored, and the comprehensive prevention and control of key infectious diseases and imported infectious diseases should be strengthened in key seasons and places.

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目的

分析近10年来北京市传染病突发公共卫生事件的流行特征，为传染病突发公共卫生事件防控提供参考依据。

方法

应用描述性流行病学方法对2014—2023年北京市传染病突发公共卫生事件的发生特征进行分析。

结果

2014—2023年北京市共报告传染病突发公共卫生事件443起，发病7 334例，死亡20例，罹患率为1.56%，病死率为0.27%。事件级别主要为未分级事件240起（54.18%）和一般事件202起（45.60%）；主要类别为乙类事件202起（45.60%）和丙类事件98起（22.12%）；传播途径主要为生活接触传播192起（43.34%）、水和食物传播36起（8.13%）和媒介动植物传播29起（6.55%）；主要发生场所为家庭215起（48.53%）和学校136起（30.70%）；高峰月为6-8月149起（33.63%）和1-2月105起（23.70%）。

结论

COVID-19大流行显著改变了北京市传染病突发公共卫生事件的上升趋势，但后COVID-19疫情时代防控工作不容忽视，应针对重点季节、重点场所加强重点传染病及输入性传染病的综合性防控工作。

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孙鑫贵，E-mail：
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张永强（1977—），男，硕士，副主任医师，研究方向：疾病预防与控制

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张永强（1977—），男，硕士，副主任医师，研究方向：疾病预防与控制

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Chinese Journal of Public Health, 2021, 37(10): 1527-1530., articleTitle=Impact of COVID-19 epidemic on reported incidence of infectious diseases among children inGuangdong province:a hospital-based study, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1240651449802215450, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651442369909383, awardId=2022-1G-4261, language=CN, fundingSource=首都卫生发展科研专项项目(2022-1G-4261), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1240651444337038002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651442369909383, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240651444345426610, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651442369909383, companyId=1240651444337038002, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100013, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240651444349620915, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651442369909383, companyId=1240651444337038002, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=北京市疾病预防控制中心，北京 100013)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1240651448900441023, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651442369909383, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Monthly distribution of public health emergencies of infectious diseases in Beijing, 2014-2023, figureFileSmall=7FFd5zgUJfF20GG687U3kw==, figureFileBig=c9mlrqQFGDkOFcSP3PSJ2w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240651449026270161, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651442369909383, language=CN, label=图1, caption=2014—2023年北京市传染病突发公共卫生事件月分布情况, figureFileSmall=7FFd5zgUJfF20GG687U3kw==, figureFileBig=c9mlrqQFGDkOFcSP3PSJ2w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240651449298899954, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651442369909383, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Occurrence of public health emergencies of infectious diseases in Beijing from 2014 to 2023

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份事件数（起）非COVID-19事件数（起）发病数(例）死亡数(例）暴露人口数(例）罹患率（%）病死率（%）
20142727420126 4961.590.24
2015202026958 6633.111.86
20163131819226 5133.090.24
20173535693330 2602.290.43
20184949970134 5002.810.10
201952521 4680164 6610.890.00
202013011860818 2414.710.93
20212017323016 4721.960.00
202238171 1390120 4390.950.00
20234135373025 3531.470.00
总计4432947 33420471 5981.560.27
), ArticleFig(id=1240651449487643645, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651442369909383, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

2014—2023年北京市传染病突发公共卫生事件发生情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份事件数（起）非COVID-19事件数（起）发病数(例）死亡数(例）暴露人口数(例）罹患率（%）病死率（%）
20142727420126 4961.590.24
2015202026958 6633.111.86
20163131819226 5133.090.24
20173535693330 2602.290.43
20184949970134 5002.810.10
201952521 4680164 6610.890.00
202013011860818 2414.710.93
20212017323016 4721.960.00
202238171 1390120 4390.950.00
20234135373025 3531.470.00
总计4432947 33420471 5981.560.27
), ArticleFig(id=1240651449579917313, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651442369909383, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Occurrence of public health emergencies of notifiable infectious diseases in Beijing from 2014 to 2023

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别病种事件数发病数死亡数暴露人口数罹患率病死率
甲类传染病霍乱647403 4172.170.00
鼠疫1202 0000.100.00
乙类传染病COVID-191481 5866131 1401.210.38
人感染H7N9禽流感8942094.3144.44
乙脑88220 2320.0425.00
出血热6632152.7950.00
肺结核630008 6803.460.00
麻疹5167020 2950.820.00
伤寒439023316.740.00
狂犬病3442511.59100.00
布病2701070.000.00
登革热220414.880.00
肺炭疽2201331.500.00
猴痘2202100.000.00
百日咳110333.330.00
流脑110166.250.00
皮肤炭疽11001109.090.00
人感染高致病性禽流感110175.880.00
细菌性痢疾11005002.000.00
新生儿破伤风1101100.000.00
丙类传染病手足口病51771013 8935.550.00
其它感染性腹泻病262 4240199 2051.220.00
流行性感冒951305 8868.720.00
黑热病550955.560.00
斑疹伤寒330475.000.00
包虫病220366.670.00
流行性腮腺炎123012 1300.190.00
麻风病1101100.000.00
其他类传染病水痘26580035 3841.640.00
猴痘（乙管前）121603447.060.00
腺病毒1117402 0178.630.00
流感样病例617704 8133.680.00
急性胃肠炎4372010 1133.680.00
其它32505005.000.00
Q热220728.570.00
人感染H9N2禽流感220345.880.00
恙虫病220366.670.00
鹦鹉热220366.670.00
寨卡病毒病2202100.000.00
斑点热110425.000.00
发热伴血小板减少综合征1101100.000.00
黄热病111422.38100.00
莱姆病合并斑点热1101100.000.00
裂谷热110333.330.00
人感染猕猴疱疹病毒1101100.000.00
), ArticleFig(id=1240651449676386318, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651442369909383, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

2014—2023年北京市法定报告传染病突发公共卫生事件发生情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别病种事件数发病数死亡数暴露人口数罹患率病死率
甲类传染病霍乱647403 4172.170.00
鼠疫1202 0000.100.00
乙类传染病COVID-191481 5866131 1401.210.38
人感染H7N9禽流感8942094.3144.44
乙脑88220 2320.0425.00
出血热6632152.7950.00
肺结核630008 6803.460.00
麻疹5167020 2950.820.00
伤寒439023316.740.00
狂犬病3442511.59100.00
布病2701070.000.00
登革热220414.880.00
肺炭疽2201331.500.00
猴痘2202100.000.00
百日咳110333.330.00
流脑110166.250.00
皮肤炭疽11001109.090.00
人感染高致病性禽流感110175.880.00
细菌性痢疾11005002.000.00
新生儿破伤风1101100.000.00
丙类传染病手足口病51771013 8935.550.00
其它感染性腹泻病262 4240199 2051.220.00
流行性感冒951305 8868.720.00
黑热病550955.560.00
斑疹伤寒330475.000.00
包虫病220366.670.00
流行性腮腺炎123012 1300.190.00
麻风病1101100.000.00
其他类传染病水痘26580035 3841.640.00
猴痘（乙管前）121603447.060.00
腺病毒1117402 0178.630.00
流感样病例617704 8133.680.00
急性胃肠炎4372010 1133.680.00
其它32505005.000.00
Q热220728.570.00
人感染H9N2禽流感220345.880.00
恙虫病220366.670.00
鹦鹉热220366.670.00
寨卡病毒病2202100.000.00
斑点热110425.000.00
发热伴血小板减少综合征1101100.000.00
黄热病111422.38100.00
莱姆病合并斑点热1101100.000.00
裂谷热110333.330.00
人感染猕猴疱疹病毒1101100.000.00
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2014—2023年北京市传染病突发公共卫生事件流行特征分析
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张永强 , 王薇 , 孙秀梅 , 杜世昌 , 韩宛彤 , 孙鑫贵
现代预防医学 | 卫生监督 2024,51(12): 2277-2281
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现代预防医学 | 卫生监督 2024, 51(12): 2277-2281
2014—2023年北京市传染病突发公共卫生事件流行特征分析
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张永强, 王薇, 孙秀梅, 杜世昌, 韩宛彤, 孙鑫贵
作者信息
  • 北京市疾病预防控制中心，北京 100013

    • 张永强（1977—），男，硕士，副主任医师，研究方向：疾病预防与控制

通讯作者:

孙鑫贵，E-mail：
Epidemiological characteristics of public health emergencies caused by infectious diseases in Beijing from 2014 to 2023
Yong-qiang ZHANG, Wei WANG, Xiu-mei SUN, Shi-chang DU, Wan-tong HAN, Xin-gui SUN
Affiliations
  • Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100013, China
出版时间: 2024-06-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202401423
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摘要
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目的

分析近10年来北京市传染病突发公共卫生事件的流行特征，为传染病突发公共卫生事件防控提供参考依据。

方法

应用描述性流行病学方法对2014—2023年北京市传染病突发公共卫生事件的发生特征进行分析。

结果

2014—2023年北京市共报告传染病突发公共卫生事件443起，发病7 334例，死亡20例，罹患率为1.56%，病死率为0.27%。事件级别主要为未分级事件240起（54.18%）和一般事件202起（45.60%）；主要类别为乙类事件202起（45.60%）和丙类事件98起（22.12%）；传播途径主要为生活接触传播192起（43.34%）、水和食物传播36起（8.13%）和媒介动植物传播29起（6.55%）；主要发生场所为家庭215起（48.53%）和学校136起（30.70%）；高峰月为6-8月149起（33.63%）和1-2月105起（23.70%）。

结论

COVID-19大流行显著改变了北京市传染病突发公共卫生事件的上升趋势，但后COVID-19疫情时代防控工作不容忽视，应针对重点季节、重点场所加强重点传染病及输入性传染病的综合性防控工作。

传染病  /  突发公共卫生事件  /  流行特征  /  预测
Objective

To analyze the epidemic characteristics of infectious disease public health emergencies in Beijing in recent 10 years, and to provide reference for the prevention and control of infectious disease public health emergencies.

Methods

Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the occurrence characteristics of public health emergencies of infectious diseases in Beijing from 2014 to 2023.

Results

From 2014 to 2023, a total of 443 public health emergencies of infectious diseases were reported in Beijing, with 7 334 cases and 20 deaths. The incidence rate was 1.56% and the fatality rate was 0.27%. There were 240 unclassified incidents (54.18%) and 202 general incidents (45.60%). The main categories were Class B incidents and Class C incidents, with 202 events (45.60%) and 98 events (22.12%) reported respectively. The main transmission routes were life contact transmission, water and food transmission and vector animal and plant transmission, with 192 evens (43.34%), 36 evens (8.13%) and 29 evens (6.55%) reported respectively. The main occurrence places were home and school, with 215 events (48.53%) and 136 events (30.70%) reported respectively. The peak months were June-August and January-February, with 149 events (33.63%) and 105 events (23.70%) reported respectively. The prediction accuracy of the grey model GM(1,1) is excellent, but the difference between the predicted value and the actual value in 2020-2023 is large.

Conclusion

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly changed the rising trend of public health emergencies of infectious diseases in Beijing, but the prevention and control work in the post-COVID-19 era should not be ignored, and the comprehensive prevention and control of key infectious diseases and imported infectious diseases should be strengthened in key seasons and places.

Infectious disease  /  Public health emergencies  /  Epidemiological characteristics  /  Prediction
张永强, 王薇, 孙秀梅, 杜世昌, 韩宛彤, 孙鑫贵. 2014—2023年北京市传染病突发公共卫生事件流行特征分析. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (12) : 2277 -2281 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202401423
Yong-qiang ZHANG, Wei WANG, Xiu-mei SUN, Shi-chang DU, Wan-tong HAN, Xin-gui SUN. Epidemiological characteristics of public health emergencies caused by infectious diseases in Beijing from 2014 to 2023[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (12) : 2277 -2281 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202401423
正文
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自2005版国际卫生条例实施以来，WHO通告了6种国际关注的突发公共卫生事件，分别是H1N1流感、脊髓灰质炎、埃博拉病毒、寨卡病毒、新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）和猴痘 [1]。COVID-19疫情的全球大流行，给人群生命健康、经济发展和国家安全带来深刻影响，突发公共卫生事件成为世界关注的焦点[2-3]。科学应对传染病疫情，更好地保护生命和维护人民健康，一直是人类发展史上的主题。2012—2021年北京市传染病类事件居各类突发公共卫生事件的第二位，报告发病数高居各类事件累计发病数的第一位[4]。 为降低传染病疫情的发生及健康危害，本文对2014—2023年北京市传染病突发公共卫生事件进行流行病学特征分析，为科学开展防控工作提供参考依据。
1　资料与方法
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1.1　资料来源
2014—2023年北京市传染病突发公共卫生事件信息来源于中国疾病预防控制信息系统之子系统突发公共卫生事件管理信息系统，均经过属地疾控中心调查、核实。根据《国家突发公共卫生事件应急预案》，将传染病突发公共卫生事件分为特别重大、重大、较大和一般四个级别，未分级事件也纳入分析。
1.2　方法
使用 WPS 对数据进行清洗，采用描述性流行病学方法对传染病突发公共卫生事件的发生时间、级别、类别、地区、场所、传播途径等特征进行分析。
2　结果
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2.1　基本概况
2014—2023年北京市共报告传染病突发公共卫生事件443起，发病7 334例，死亡20例，暴露人口471 598例，罹患率为1.56%，病死率为0.27%。见表1。
2.2　事件级别
报告较大事件1起，为2019年输入性鼠疫疫情，发病2例，无死亡；一般事件202起，发病4 649例，死亡12例，暴露人口325 877例，罹患率为1.63%，病死率为0.26%；未分级事件240起，发病2 683例，死亡8例，暴露人口143 721例，罹患率为1.87%，病死率为0.30%。事件级别主要为未分级和一般事件，分别占54.18%和 45.60%；无重大及特别重大事件报告。
2.3　事件类别
甲类、乙类、丙类及其他类传染病事件均有报告。甲类、乙类、丙类及其他类传染病事件分别报告65起、202起、98起和78起，分别占14.67%、45.60%、22.12%和17.61%；甲类传染病事件主要为霍乱事件64起，占98.46%；乙类传染病事件的病原体有19种，主要为新型冠状病毒感染148起，占73.27%；丙类传染病事件的病种有8种，主要为手足口病51起和其他感染性腹泻病26起，分别占52.04%和26.53%；其他类传染病事件的病种主要有17种，主要为水痘26起、猴痘（乙管前）12起、腺病毒11起和流感样病例6起，分别占33.33%、15.38%、14.10%和7.69%。报告发病数主要为丙类传染病3 742例和乙类传染病2 156例为多，分别占51.02%和29.40%。见表2。
2.4　传播途径
主要为生活接触传播192起、水和食物传播36起、媒介动植物传播29起，分别占43.34%、8.13%和6.55%；分别报告发病3 657例、1 089例、30例，占比分别为49.86%、14.85%和0.41%。根据是否为输入性事件看，输入性事件22起，占4.97%；报告发病68例，占0.93%。
2.5　时间分布
事件发生起数从2014—2020年整体呈上升趋势，2020年达到顶峰（130起，COVID-19事件119起，占91.54%），2021年下降到20起，然后上升到2023年的41起；发病数整体有两个高峰，分别为2019年1 468例和2022年1 139例。事件发生起数的高峰月为6—8月（149起，病种主要为霍乱52起、COVID-19 35起、手足口病22起，合计109起，占73.15%）和1—2月（105起，病种主要为COVID-19，90起，占85.71%）；发病数有三个高峰，分别为12月1 284例、7月944例和3月765例，合计2 993例（40.81%）。见图1。
2.6　地区分布
2014—2023年北京市各区均有传染病突发公共卫生事件报告。报告事件起数居前5为的区为朝阳区84起、昌平区45起、大兴区42起、海淀区36起和西城区35起，合计242起，占54.63%。报告发病数居前五为的区为朝阳区1 608例、海淀区1 096例、大兴区979例、顺义区669例、西城区478例，合计4 830例，占65.86%。
2.7　发生场所
发生于家庭215起和学校136起，分别占48.53%和30.70%；215起家庭事件中，主要为COVID-19感染215起和霍乱事件107起，分别占49.77%和22.79%；136起学校事件中，主要为手足口病49起、水痘25起、其它感染性腹泻病事件18起、腺病毒11起和流行性感冒9起，分别占36.03%、18.38%、13.24%、8.09%和6.62%。报告发病数以学校4 652例和家庭610例为多，分别占63.43%和8.32%。
3　讨论
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2014—2023年北京市报告事件数居前十位的病种为COVID-19、霍乱、手足口病、其它感染性腹泻病、水痘、猴痘、腺病毒、流行性感冒、人感染H7N9禽流感和乙脑，合计365起（占82.39%），主要为呼吸道和肠道传染病事件，与浙江、云南和海南的情况一致[5-7]。北京市肠道传染病在街道（乡镇）水平存在明显的空间聚集性[8]，呼吸道传染病也存在空间聚集性现象[9]，应针对性采取综合性防控措施，减少聚集性疫情的出现，从而降低传染病突发公共卫生事件的发生可能性。从导致事件的病种看，也有裂谷热、黄热病、寨卡病毒病、人感染猕猴疱疹病毒等输入性、罕见病等传染病事件的发生，经济、文化、旅游等人员交流日益频繁使得北京随时面临输入性传染病威胁，应加强技术储备、检验检测试剂储备和检验人才培训，夯实及时发现致病病原体的一锤定音能力。
事件主要发生于家庭和学校，家庭事件主要由COVID-19感染和霍乱导致，学校事件主要为手足口病、水痘、其它感染性腹泻病、腺病毒和流行性感冒事件；存在夏季6—8月和冬季1—2月的高峰，夏季高峰主要由霍乱、COVID-19和手足口病导致；冬季高峰主要由COVID-19导致。北京市霍乱疫情以散发为主，高发期为6—9月[10]；前期研究认为北京市报告手足口病病例数是手足口病实际感染及发病人数的一小部分[11]，且发病存在明显的时空聚集性[12]，5—7月是每年发病高峰期[13]；霍乱和手足口病的发病高峰与对应的夏季传染病突发公共卫生事件高峰基本一致，应加强重点场所高发季节的综合性防控工作。学校人群密集且流动性较大,很容易造成传染病的暴发流行，应在不同季节对不同级别学校采取加强症状监测、日常健康教育、规范疫情处置等针对性关键防控措施[14-16]。
2014—2020年北京市传染病事件整体呈上升趋势,但在2020年出现异常峰值拐点，这可能由于在COVID-19疫情全球大流行背景下，北京也是疫情重灾区，根据国家相关规范要求，COVID-19疫情突发公共卫生事件在2020年大量报告，130起传染病事件中COVID-19事件119起（91.54%）；2020—2022年非COVID-19传染病事件数均不同程度低于2020年之前各年报告的传染病事件数，可能因为COVID-19大流行影响了呼吸道传染病传播[17]，北京市乙类和丙类主要呼吸道传染病发病均有显著下降[9, 18]，COVID-19大流行也导致肠道传染病等各种传播途径传染病发病显著降低[19-20]，导致患者就医行为发生改变从而使得传染病发病降低[21]，相应传染病突发公共卫生事件也随之减少。从整体来看，COVID-19大流行显著改变了2014—2020年以来的传染病事件的上升趋势，导致了2020年传染病事件的异常峰值和2021—2023年事件报告数的整体下降；但受COVID-19疫情影响最小的2023年，不管是传染病事件还是非COVID-19传染病事件均为近三年的最高值，使得2021—2023年的传染病事件数又重新呈现一种抬头上升趋势，后COVID-19疫情时代传染病疫情突发公共卫生事件的防控工作不容忽视。
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参考文献 引证文献
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2024年第51卷第12期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202401423
  • 接收时间：2024-01-25
  • 首发时间：2026-03-17
  • 出版时间：2024-06-25
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  • 收稿日期：2024-01-25
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首都卫生发展科研专项项目(2022-1G-4261)
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    北京市疾病预防控制中心，北京 100013

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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