Article(id=1240651441988227717, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240651438955754377, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202403291, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1710432000000, receivedDateStr=2024-03-15, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773723953958, onlineDateStr=2026-03-17, pubDate=1719244800000, pubDateStr=2024-06-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773723953958, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773723953958, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773723953958, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240651438955754377, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='12', pageStart='2113', pageEnd='2912', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773723953236, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773723953236, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2221, endPage=2227, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240651446505493327, articleId=1240651441988227717, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Associations between lifestyle and depression symptoms among college students, columnId=1228016572451718132, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Health and Social Behavior, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the relationship between lifestyle and depression symptoms among college students.

Methods

A total of 21 143 college students from a private university in Shaanxi province were selected to conduct an online questionnaire survey, including social demographic characteristics, lifestyle and depression symptoms. GAMMA regression and Logistic regression models were used to analyze the association between five lifestyle and unhealthy lifestyle scores and depression symptoms in college students.

Results

The depression symptom score of college students was 29(22,36), and the prevalence of depression symptoms was 15.57%. The prevalence of smoking, drinking, unhealthy diet, lack of physical activity, low body weight or obesity were 17.98%, 24.24%, 83.45%, 80.11% and 46.63%, respectively. The five unhealthy lifestyles were significantly correlated with depression symptoms of college students (all P<0.05). Regression analysis showed that, compared with the unhealthy lifestyle scores of 0-1, the score of depression symptoms increased in the group with 3, 4 and 5 score of unhealthy lifestyle, with β(95%CI) values of 0.57(0.23-0.92), 1.91(1.48-2.34) and 2.47(1.79-3.15), respectively. Compared with the unhealthy lifestyle scores of 0-1, the risk of depression symptoms was increased in unhealthy lifestyle scores of 2, 3, 4 and 5, and the odds ratio value (95%CI) were 1.19(1.02-1.40), 1.41(1.21-1.65), 1.86(1.56-2.21) and 2.18(1.71-2.78), respectively.

Conclusion

Unhealthy lifestyle is related to the increased risk of depression symptoms in college students. The more types of unhealthy lifestyle, the higher the score of depression symptoms and the higher the risk of depression symptoms.

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目的

探讨生活方式与大学生抑郁症状的关联。

方法

选取陕西省某高校21 143名在校大学生进行问卷调查,内容包括社会人口学特征、生活方式及抑郁症状等。采用GAMMA回归和多因素logistic回归分析5种生活方式、不健康生活方式评分与大学生抑郁症状的关联。

结果

大学生抑郁症状评分为29(22,36)分,抑郁症状检出率为15.57%。吸烟、饮酒、不健康饮食、缺乏体力活动、低体重或肥胖的检出率分别为17.98%、24.24%、83.45%、80.11%、46.63%。5种不健康生活方式均与大学生抑郁症状显著相关(P均<0.05)。回归分析结果显示,与不健康生活方式评分0~1分组相比,3分、4分、5分组大学生抑郁症状评分均显著提高,β(95% CI)分别为0.57(0.23~0.92)、1.91(1.48~2.34)、2.47(1.79~3.15),2分、3分、4分、5分组大学生抑郁症状发生风险均显著增加,OR(95% CI)值分别为1.19(1.02~1.40)、1.41(1.21~1.65)、1.86(1.56~2.21)、2.18(1.71~2.78)。

结论

不健康生活方式与大学生抑郁症状风险增加有关,且不健康生活方式种类越多,大学生抑郁症状发生风险越高。建议多重生活方式共同干预,改善大学生抑郁症状及心理健康状况。

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张磊,E-mail:;
吴明洋,E-mail:
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袁潇潇(1994—),女,硕士,初级医师,研究方向:青少年行为及心理健康

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A review of research progress on depression in 2020[J]. China Medical News, 2021, 36(4): 11-12., articleTitle=A review of research progress on depression in 2020, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240651462540317254, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651441988227717, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=13, issue=1, pageStart=42, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[33], rfOrder=46, authorNames=Pottinger TD, Khan SS, Zheng YN, journalName=Clinical Epigenetics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Pottinger TD, Khan SS, Zheng YN, et al. Association of cardiovascular health and epigenetic age acceleration[J]. Clinical Epigenetics, 2021, 13(1): 42., articleTitle=Association of cardiovascular health and epigenetic age acceleration, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240651462607426119, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651441988227717, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=1, issue=10, pageStart=736, pageEnd=750, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[34], rfOrder=47, authorNames=Zhao YJ, Yang L, Sahakian BJ, journalName=Nature Mental Health, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhao YJ, Yang L, Sahakian BJ, et al. The brain structure, immunometabolic and genetic mechanisms underlying the association between lifestyle and depression[J]. Nature Mental Health, 2023, 1(10): 736-750., articleTitle=The brain structure, immunometabolic and genetic mechanisms underlying the association between lifestyle and depression, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1240651455217062242, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651441988227717, awardId=2024JC-YBQN-0943, language=CN, fundingSource=陕西省自然科学基础研究计划(2024JC-YBQN-0943), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1240651448971744201, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651441988227717, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240651448975938506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651441988227717, companyId=1240651448971744201, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of General Medicine Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710018, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240651448988521421, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651441988227717, companyId=1240651448971744201, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.西安医学院全科医学院,陕西 西安 710018)]), AuthorCompany(id=1240651449114350554, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651441988227717, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240651449118544859, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651441988227717, companyId=1240651449114350554, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.陕西省卫生行业学会服务中心)]), AuthorCompany(id=1240651449206625252, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651441988227717, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240651449215013862, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651441988227717, companyId=1240651449206625252, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.中南大学湘雅公共卫生学院)]), AuthorCompany(id=1240651449399563249, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651441988227717, xref=4., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240651449407951858, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651441988227717, companyId=1240651449399563249, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4.西安交通大学医学部公共卫生学院)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1240651454470476073, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651441988227717, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle and depression symptoms of participants

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量选项人数(%)抑郁症状评分M(P25,P75)
总人数21 14329(22,36)
性别7 313(34.59)27(20,34)
13 830(65.41)30(23,36)
年级大一7 174(33.93)29(23,36)
大二5 483(25.93)29(22,36)
大三5 524(26.13)29(22,35)
大四2 962(14.01)27(20,34)
民族汉族20 269(95.87)29(22,36)
其他874(4.13)29(22,36)
户籍地农村9 128(43.17)29(22,36)
城镇12 015(56.83)29(22,36)
独生子女7 281(34.44)28(22,35)
13 862(65.56)29(22,36)
母亲文化程度初中及以下5 187(24.53)30(23,36)
高中及中专6 562(31.04)28(22,35)
大专及以上9 394(44.43)27(20,35)
父亲文化程度初中及以下3 574(16.91)30(23,36)
高中及中专6 635(31.38)29(22,35)
大专及以上10 934(51.71)28(20,35)
睡眠质量睡眠正常18 063(85.43)28(21,33)
睡眠障碍3 080(14.57)39(33,46)
吸烟情况不吸烟17 341(82.02)29(22,35)
当前吸烟3 802(17.98)30(21,38)
饮酒情况不饮酒16 017(75.76)28(21,34)
当前饮酒5 126(24.24)32(25,39)
饮食情况健康饮食3 499(16.55)28(23,33)
不健康饮食17 644(83.45)29(22,36)
体力活动情况不缺乏4 205(19.89)28(22,34)
缺乏16 938(80.11)29(22,36)
BMI情况正常或超重11 283(53.37)29(22,36)
低体重或肥胖9 860(46.63)29(22,36)
不健康生活方式评分(分)0~12 598(12.29)28(22,33)
27 779(36.79)28(22,35)
37 423(35.11)29(22,36)
42 698(12.76)31(23,39)
5645(3.05)33(23,41)
变量W/HP有抑郁症状(%)χ2P
总人数3 294(15.57)
性别69 837 138.500<0.0011 043(14.26)14.752<0.001
2 251(16.28)
年级124.685<0.0011 132(15.78)60.374<0.001
1 001(18.26)
798(14.45)
363(12.26)
民族213 938 436.0000.0493 137(15.48)3.9390.047
157(17.96)
户籍地126 392 967.5000.1501 431(15.68)0.1160.734
1 863(15.51)
独生子女75 332 976.000<0.0011 091(14.99)2.9930.084
2 203(15.89)
母亲文化程度132.218<0.001878(16.94)14.6670.001
1 043(15.89)
1 373(14.62)
父亲文化程度127.781<0.001624(17.46)16.401<0.001
1 055(15.90)
1 615(14.77)
睡眠质量174 824 155.500<0.0011 795(9.94)3 001.207<0.001
1 499(48.67)
吸烟情况181 755 120.000<0.0012 488(14.35)111.310<0.001
806(21.20)
饮酒情况161 190 898.000<0.0012 127(13.28)265.714<0.001
1 167(21.77)
饮食情况26 911 478.500<0.001261(9.66)82.686<0.001
3 033(16.45)
体力活动情况43 282 252.0000.001534(12.70)33.112<0.001
2 760(16.29)
BMI情况104 005 268.5000.5941 734(15.37)0.8220.365
1 560(15.82)
不健康生活方式评分(分)216.462<0.001254(9.77)302.420<0.001
1 018(13.09)
1 220(16.44)
615(22.80)
187(28.99)
), ArticleFig(id=1240651454579527985, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651441988227717, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

调查对象社会人口学特征、生活方式及抑郁症状情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量选项人数(%)抑郁症状评分M(P25,P75)
总人数21 14329(22,36)
性别7 313(34.59)27(20,34)
13 830(65.41)30(23,36)
年级大一7 174(33.93)29(23,36)
大二5 483(25.93)29(22,36)
大三5 524(26.13)29(22,35)
大四2 962(14.01)27(20,34)
民族汉族20 269(95.87)29(22,36)
其他874(4.13)29(22,36)
户籍地农村9 128(43.17)29(22,36)
城镇12 015(56.83)29(22,36)
独生子女7 281(34.44)28(22,35)
13 862(65.56)29(22,36)
母亲文化程度初中及以下5 187(24.53)30(23,36)
高中及中专6 562(31.04)28(22,35)
大专及以上9 394(44.43)27(20,35)
父亲文化程度初中及以下3 574(16.91)30(23,36)
高中及中专6 635(31.38)29(22,35)
大专及以上10 934(51.71)28(20,35)
睡眠质量睡眠正常18 063(85.43)28(21,33)
睡眠障碍3 080(14.57)39(33,46)
吸烟情况不吸烟17 341(82.02)29(22,35)
当前吸烟3 802(17.98)30(21,38)
饮酒情况不饮酒16 017(75.76)28(21,34)
当前饮酒5 126(24.24)32(25,39)
饮食情况健康饮食3 499(16.55)28(23,33)
不健康饮食17 644(83.45)29(22,36)
体力活动情况不缺乏4 205(19.89)28(22,34)
缺乏16 938(80.11)29(22,36)
BMI情况正常或超重11 283(53.37)29(22,36)
低体重或肥胖9 860(46.63)29(22,36)
不健康生活方式评分(分)0~12 598(12.29)28(22,33)
27 779(36.79)28(22,35)
37 423(35.11)29(22,36)
42 698(12.76)31(23,39)
5645(3.05)33(23,41)
变量W/HP有抑郁症状(%)χ2P
总人数3 294(15.57)
性别69 837 138.500<0.0011 043(14.26)14.752<0.001
2 251(16.28)
年级124.685<0.0011 132(15.78)60.374<0.001
1 001(18.26)
798(14.45)
363(12.26)
民族213 938 436.0000.0493 137(15.48)3.9390.047
157(17.96)
户籍地126 392 967.5000.1501 431(15.68)0.1160.734
1 863(15.51)
独生子女75 332 976.000<0.0011 091(14.99)2.9930.084
2 203(15.89)
母亲文化程度132.218<0.001878(16.94)14.6670.001
1 043(15.89)
1 373(14.62)
父亲文化程度127.781<0.001624(17.46)16.401<0.001
1 055(15.90)
1 615(14.77)
睡眠质量174 824 155.500<0.0011 795(9.94)3 001.207<0.001
1 499(48.67)
吸烟情况181 755 120.000<0.0012 488(14.35)111.310<0.001
806(21.20)
饮酒情况161 190 898.000<0.0012 127(13.28)265.714<0.001
1 167(21.77)
饮食情况26 911 478.500<0.001261(9.66)82.686<0.001
3 033(16.45)
体力活动情况43 282 252.0000.001534(12.70)33.112<0.001
2 760(16.29)
BMI情况104 005 268.5000.5941 734(15.37)0.8220.365
1 560(15.82)
不健康生活方式评分(分)216.462<0.001254(9.77)302.420<0.001
1 018(13.09)
1 220(16.44)
615(22.80)
187(28.99)
), ArticleFig(id=1240651454734717243, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651441988227717, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

The association between five lifestyle and depression symptoms in college students (n=21 143)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
生活方式选项抑郁症状评分
模型1 β(95%CI)模型2 β(95%CI)模型3 β(95%CI)
吸烟情况不吸烟1.001.001.00
当前吸烟1.16(0.86~1.47)a2.27(1.94~2.60)a0.98(0.69~1.28)a
饮酒情况不饮酒1.001.001.00
当前饮酒3.08(2.81~3.35)a3.54(3.26~3.81)a2.24(1.99~2.49)a
饮食情况健康饮食1.001.001.00
不健康饮食1.45(1.10~1.80)a1.57(1.22~1.92)a0.63(0.31~0.95)a
体力活动情况不缺乏1.001.001.00
缺乏0.74(0.44~1.04)a0.44(0.15~0.74)a-0.09(-0.35~0.18)
BMI情况正常或超重1.001.001.00
低体重或肥胖-0.01(-0.24~0.23)0.04(-0.20~0.27)-0.10(-0.31~0.11)
生活方式选项有抑郁症状
模型1 β(95%CI)模型2 β(95%CI)模型3 β(95%CI)
吸烟情况不吸烟1.001.001.00
当前吸烟1.61(1.47~1.75)a1.88(1.70~2.07)a1.42(1.27~1.58)a
饮酒情况不饮酒1.001.001.00
当前饮酒1.92(1.78~2.08)a2.04(1.88~2.22)a1.55(1.41~1.69)a
饮食情况健康饮食1.001.001.00
不健康饮食1.84(1.61~2.11)a1.85(1.62~2.12)a1.60(1.39~1.85)a
体力活动情况不缺乏1.001.001.00
缺乏1.34(1.21~1.48)a1.30(1.18~1.44)a1.21(1.09~1.35)a
BMI情况正常或超重1.001.001.00
低体重或肥胖1.04(0.96~1.12)1.04(0.96~1.12)1.01(0.93~1.10)
), ArticleFig(id=1240651454831186244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651441988227717, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

5种生活方式与大学生抑郁症状的关联(n=21 143)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
生活方式选项抑郁症状评分
模型1 β(95%CI)模型2 β(95%CI)模型3 β(95%CI)
吸烟情况不吸烟1.001.001.00
当前吸烟1.16(0.86~1.47)a2.27(1.94~2.60)a0.98(0.69~1.28)a
饮酒情况不饮酒1.001.001.00
当前饮酒3.08(2.81~3.35)a3.54(3.26~3.81)a2.24(1.99~2.49)a
饮食情况健康饮食1.001.001.00
不健康饮食1.45(1.10~1.80)a1.57(1.22~1.92)a0.63(0.31~0.95)a
体力活动情况不缺乏1.001.001.00
缺乏0.74(0.44~1.04)a0.44(0.15~0.74)a-0.09(-0.35~0.18)
BMI情况正常或超重1.001.001.00
低体重或肥胖-0.01(-0.24~0.23)0.04(-0.20~0.27)-0.10(-0.31~0.11)
生活方式选项有抑郁症状
模型1 β(95%CI)模型2 β(95%CI)模型3 β(95%CI)
吸烟情况不吸烟1.001.001.00
当前吸烟1.61(1.47~1.75)a1.88(1.70~2.07)a1.42(1.27~1.58)a
饮酒情况不饮酒1.001.001.00
当前饮酒1.92(1.78~2.08)a2.04(1.88~2.22)a1.55(1.41~1.69)a
饮食情况健康饮食1.001.001.00
不健康饮食1.84(1.61~2.11)a1.85(1.62~2.12)a1.60(1.39~1.85)a
体力活动情况不缺乏1.001.001.00
缺乏1.34(1.21~1.48)a1.30(1.18~1.44)a1.21(1.09~1.35)a
BMI情况正常或超重1.001.001.00
低体重或肥胖1.04(0.96~1.12)1.04(0.96~1.12)1.01(0.93~1.10)
), ArticleFig(id=1240651454965403983, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651441988227717, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Association between unhealthy lifestyle scores and depression symptoms of college students (n=21 143)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
不健康生活方式评分(分)抑郁症状评分
模型1 β(95%CI)模型2 β(95%CI)模型3 β(95%CI)
0~11.001.001.00
20.80(0.41~1.19)a0.77(0.38~1.15)a0.22(-0.12~0.57)
31.49(1.10~1.88)a1.60(1.21~1.98)a0.57(0.23~0.92)a
43.24(2.77~3.71)a3.90(3.43~4.37)a1.91(1.48~2.34)a
54.57(3.82~5.32)a5.45(4.70~6.19)a2.47(1.79~3.15)a
P趋势<0.001<0.001<0.001
不健康生活方式评分(分)有抑郁症状
模型1 β(95%CI)模型2 β(95%CI)模型3 β(95%CI)
0~11.001.001.00
21.39(1.20~1.61)a1.37(1.19~1.59)a1.19(1.02~1.40)a
31.82(1.58~2.10)a1.82(1.58~2.11)a1.41(1.21~1.65)a
42.72(2.33~3.19)a2.95(2.52~3.47)a1.86(1.56~2.21)a
53.77(3.04~4.66)a4.20(3.38~5.22)a2.18(1.71~2.78)a
P趋势<0.001<0.001<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1240651455078650198, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651441988227717, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不健康生活方式评分与大学生抑郁症状的关联(n=21 143)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
不健康生活方式评分(分)抑郁症状评分
模型1 β(95%CI)模型2 β(95%CI)模型3 β(95%CI)
0~11.001.001.00
20.80(0.41~1.19)a0.77(0.38~1.15)a0.22(-0.12~0.57)
31.49(1.10~1.88)a1.60(1.21~1.98)a0.57(0.23~0.92)a
43.24(2.77~3.71)a3.90(3.43~4.37)a1.91(1.48~2.34)a
54.57(3.82~5.32)a5.45(4.70~6.19)a2.47(1.79~3.15)a
P趋势<0.001<0.001<0.001
不健康生活方式评分(分)有抑郁症状
模型1 β(95%CI)模型2 β(95%CI)模型3 β(95%CI)
0~11.001.001.00
21.39(1.20~1.61)a1.37(1.19~1.59)a1.19(1.02~1.40)a
31.82(1.58~2.10)a1.82(1.58~2.11)a1.41(1.21~1.65)a
42.72(2.33~3.19)a2.95(2.52~3.47)a1.86(1.56~2.21)a
53.77(3.04~4.66)a4.20(3.38~5.22)a2.18(1.71~2.78)a
P趋势<0.001<0.001<0.001
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生活方式与大学生抑郁症状的关联
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袁潇潇 1, 2 , 张磊 1, 2 , 吴明洋 3 , 王文华 1, 2 , 马乐 4 , 王雪 1, 2 , 罗怡 1, 2
现代预防医学 | 健康与社会行为 2024,51(12): 2221-2227
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现代预防医学 | 健康与社会行为 2024, 51(12): 2221-2227
生活方式与大学生抑郁症状的关联
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袁潇潇1, 2, 张磊1, 2 , 吴明洋3 , 王文华1, 2, 马乐4, 王雪1, 2, 罗怡1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.西安医学院全科医学院,陕西 西安 710018
  • 2.陕西省卫生行业学会服务中心
  • 3.中南大学湘雅公共卫生学院
  • 4.西安交通大学医学部公共卫生学院
  • 袁潇潇(1994—),女,硕士,初级医师,研究方向:青少年行为及心理健康

通讯作者:

张磊,E-mail:;
吴明洋,E-mail:
Associations between lifestyle and depression symptoms among college students
Xiao-xiao YUAN1, 2, Lei ZHANG1, 2 , Ming-yang WU3 , Wen-hua WANG1, 2, Le MA4, Xue WANG1, 2, Yi LUO1, 2
Affiliations
  • School of General Medicine Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710018, China
出版时间: 2024-06-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202403291
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目的

探讨生活方式与大学生抑郁症状的关联。

方法

选取陕西省某高校21 143名在校大学生进行问卷调查,内容包括社会人口学特征、生活方式及抑郁症状等。采用GAMMA回归和多因素logistic回归分析5种生活方式、不健康生活方式评分与大学生抑郁症状的关联。

结果

大学生抑郁症状评分为29(22,36)分,抑郁症状检出率为15.57%。吸烟、饮酒、不健康饮食、缺乏体力活动、低体重或肥胖的检出率分别为17.98%、24.24%、83.45%、80.11%、46.63%。5种不健康生活方式均与大学生抑郁症状显著相关(P均<0.05)。回归分析结果显示,与不健康生活方式评分0~1分组相比,3分、4分、5分组大学生抑郁症状评分均显著提高,β(95% CI)分别为0.57(0.23~0.92)、1.91(1.48~2.34)、2.47(1.79~3.15),2分、3分、4分、5分组大学生抑郁症状发生风险均显著增加,OR(95% CI)值分别为1.19(1.02~1.40)、1.41(1.21~1.65)、1.86(1.56~2.21)、2.18(1.71~2.78)。

结论

不健康生活方式与大学生抑郁症状风险增加有关,且不健康生活方式种类越多,大学生抑郁症状发生风险越高。建议多重生活方式共同干预,改善大学生抑郁症状及心理健康状况。

生活方式  /  抑郁症状  /  大学生
Objective

To explore the relationship between lifestyle and depression symptoms among college students.

Methods

A total of 21 143 college students from a private university in Shaanxi province were selected to conduct an online questionnaire survey, including social demographic characteristics, lifestyle and depression symptoms. GAMMA regression and Logistic regression models were used to analyze the association between five lifestyle and unhealthy lifestyle scores and depression symptoms in college students.

Results

The depression symptom score of college students was 29(22,36), and the prevalence of depression symptoms was 15.57%. The prevalence of smoking, drinking, unhealthy diet, lack of physical activity, low body weight or obesity were 17.98%, 24.24%, 83.45%, 80.11% and 46.63%, respectively. The five unhealthy lifestyles were significantly correlated with depression symptoms of college students (all P<0.05). Regression analysis showed that, compared with the unhealthy lifestyle scores of 0-1, the score of depression symptoms increased in the group with 3, 4 and 5 score of unhealthy lifestyle, with β(95%CI) values of 0.57(0.23-0.92), 1.91(1.48-2.34) and 2.47(1.79-3.15), respectively. Compared with the unhealthy lifestyle scores of 0-1, the risk of depression symptoms was increased in unhealthy lifestyle scores of 2, 3, 4 and 5, and the odds ratio value (95%CI) were 1.19(1.02-1.40), 1.41(1.21-1.65), 1.86(1.56-2.21) and 2.18(1.71-2.78), respectively.

Conclusion

Unhealthy lifestyle is related to the increased risk of depression symptoms in college students. The more types of unhealthy lifestyle, the higher the score of depression symptoms and the higher the risk of depression symptoms.

Lifestyle  /  Depression symptom  /  College Students
袁潇潇, 张磊, 吴明洋, 王文华, 马乐, 王雪, 罗怡. 生活方式与大学生抑郁症状的关联. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (12) : 2221 -2227 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202403291
Xiao-xiao YUAN, Lei ZHANG, Ming-yang WU, Wen-hua WANG, Le MA, Xue WANG, Yi LUO. Associations between lifestyle and depression symptoms among college students[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (12) : 2221 -2227 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202403291
抑郁症(Depression)是一种常见的精神障碍,可表现为长时间的情绪低落或长期兴趣丧失等[1]。WHO最新报道估计,全球约5%的成年人患有抑郁症。大学生处于成年的早期阶段,心理健康问题十分普遍[1]。《中国国民心理健康发展报告(2021—2022)》显示,18~24岁年龄组的抑郁风险检出率为24.1%,显著高于其他成年群体,且呈逐年上升趋势[2-3]。大学生抑郁对其身心健康具有严重负面影响,是自杀的重要危险因素,给家庭和社会带来沉重的负担[4]
既往研究表明,影响大学生抑郁的因素包括环境、遗传、人格特征、行为等[3,5-8]。大量研究也认为吸烟、饮酒、体育活动缺乏、不健康饮食、体重异常等不健康生活方式是大学生抑郁的重要影响因素[9-12],这些可改变的健康相关生活方式多数在成年早期定型,通过交互作用对成年后身心健康产生深远影响[13]。将多种生活方式作为一个综合评价指标分析其对大学生心理健康的影响更加具有公共卫生学意义,目前对生活方式与抑郁症状的综合关联研究较少。因此,本研究旨在探讨多种生活方式及生活方式评分与大学生抑郁症状的关联,为预防和改善大学生心理健康问题提供参考。
采用横断面调查设计,于2022年10—12月,对陕西省某高校全体22 047名在校大学生为研究对象进行问卷调查,获得有效问卷21 143份,有效回收率95.90%。本研究获得被调查学生知情同意,通过西安交通大学第二附属医院伦理委员会批准(批准号:2022-248)。
自行设计基本情况调查表,内容包括性别、年级、民族、户籍地、是否是独生子女、父母文化程度等社会人口学特征。
该量表包含20个题目,每个题目代表1个抑郁相关症状。采用4级计分,所有题目得分相加为总粗分,总粗分乘以1.25得到抑郁症状总分,总分≥50分被界定为存在抑郁症状。本次调查中该量表的Cronbach α系数为0.88。
参考“中国慢性病前瞻性队列研究”[15]对生活方式的评价方法,自行设计生活方式调查表,内容包括吸烟、饮酒、饮食、体力活动和体质量指数(Body Max Index, BMI)。各项生活方式测定如下:
吸烟:在过去1个月内至少吸过1支烟界定为当前吸烟(不健康),否则界定为不吸烟(健康)。
饮酒:在过去1个月内至少喝过1杯酒(相当于半瓶/1听啤酒,1小盅白酒,1杯葡萄酒或黄酒)记为当前饮酒(不健康),否则记为不饮酒(健康)。
饮食:过去2周内,同时符合平均每周吃红肉(包括猪肉、羊肉、牛肉)次数<7次、平均每周吃新鲜水果次数≥7次以及平均每周吃新鲜蔬菜次数≥7次记为健康饮食,否则记为不健康饮食。
体力活动:使用国际体力活动问卷(International Physical Activity Questionnaire,IPAQ)[16]对体力活动进行评估。本研究将满足下列任何一条标准记为不缺乏(健康),其余记为缺乏(不健康)。(1)各类高强度体力活动≥3 d,且每周总体力活动水平≥1 500能量代谢当量(Metabolic Equivalent of Energy, MET)-min;(2)步行、中等强度或剧烈运动3种强度体力活动合计≥7 d,且每周总体力活动水平≥3 000 MET-min;(3)20 min的各类高强度体力活动≥3 d;(4)30 min的不行或中等强度体力活动;(5)步行、中等强度和剧烈运动3种强度体力活动,且每周总体力活动水平≥600 MET-min。
BMI:根据BMI=体重(kg)/身高(m2)计算得到。参考中国成年人体重判定标准,BMI<18.5 kg/m2为低体重,BMI≥28.0 kg/m2为肥胖,本研究将低体重或肥胖记为不健康,其它记为健康。
不健康生活方式评分[17]:吸烟、饮酒、饮食、体力活动和BMI状况5种生活方式每种被界定为不健康得1分,界定为健康得0分,相加得到不健康生活方式评分,分值范围为0~5分。
本研究使用童年期不良经历国际量表(Adverse Childhood Experience International Questionaire, ACE-IQ)[18]、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, PSQI)[19]、青少年社会支持量表[20]分别评估童年期不良经历、睡眠质量和社会支持情况,各量表的Cronbach α系数分别为0.69、0.85、0.98。
结合相关文献,主要考虑的协变量包括社会人口学特征(性别、年级、民族、户籍地、是否是独生子女、父母文化程度)、童年期不良经历、睡眠质量和社会支持[6-8]
通过标准化培训的调查员对学生进行培训,再进行线上问卷调查。调查表中设置质量控制题目和逻辑纠错。调查表回收后,剔除提交时间小于500 s、质量控制题目答错1题及以上、存在明显违背客观事实的无效问卷。
采用SPSS 24.0软件进行数据分析。计量资料用M(P25,P75)描述,计数资料用n(%)描述,采用Wilcoxon秩和检验、Kruskal-Wallis H检验或χ2检验进行组间比较。采用GAMMA回归(考虑抑郁症状评分的过度分散性)和多因素logistic回归分析5种生活方式、不健康生活方式评分与大学生抑郁症状的关联,采用Cochran-Armitage检验进行趋势性卡方检验。本研究建立3种模型,模型1为初始模型,模型2调整社会人口学特征,模型3在模型2基础上增加调整童年期不良经历、睡眠质量和社会支持。检验水准α=0.05。
在21 143名大学生中,男生7 313人(34.58%),女生13 830人(65.42%)。抑郁症状评分为29(22,36)分,有3 294人存在抑郁症状(15.57%)。当前吸烟3 802人(17.98%),当前饮酒5 126人(24.24%),不健康饮食17 644人(83.45%),缺乏体力活动16 938人(80.11%),BMI为低体重或肥胖9 860人(46.63%)。不健康生活方式评分为2分的大学生最多,为7 779人(36.79%),评分5分的大学生最少,为645人(3.05%)。
不同吸烟、饮酒、饮食、体力活动状况组大学生的抑郁症评分、抑郁症状检出率均存在差异(P<0.05),不同BMI组大学生抑郁症评分、抑郁症状检出率为见显著差异(P>0.05)。不健康生活方式评分越高,大学生抑郁症状评分和抑郁症状检出率越高(P<0.05)。见表1
分别以抑郁症状评分、是否有抑郁症状为因变量,以吸烟、饮酒、饮食、体力活动和BMI健康状况为自变量,进行GAMMA回归和多因素logistic回归分析。结果显示,调整协变量后,与不吸烟、不饮酒、健康饮食、不缺乏体力活动的大学生相比,当前吸烟(β=0.98, 95% CI:0.69~1.28)、当前饮酒(β=2.24, 95% CI:1.99~2.49)、不健康饮食(β=0.63, 95% CI:0.31~0.95)大学生的抑郁症状评分更高,当前吸烟(OR=1.42, 95% CI:1.27~1.58)、当前饮酒(OR=1.55, 95% CI:1.41~1.69)、不健康饮食(OR=1.60, 95% CI:1.39~1.85)、缺乏体力活动(OR=1.21, 95% CI:1.09~1.35)大学生的抑郁症状发生风险更高。与体重正常或超重相比,肥胖或低体重的大学生抑郁症状评分及抑郁症状检出率未见统计学差异(P>0.05)。模型1、2、3结果类似。见表2
分别以抑郁症状评分、是否有抑郁症状为因变量,以不健康生活方式评分为自变量,进行GAMMA回归及多因素logistic回归分析。结果显示,调整协变量后,与不健康生活方式评分0~1分的大学生相比,不健康生活方式评分3分、4分、5分大学生的抑郁症状评分分别提高0.57分(β=0.57, 95%CI:0.23~0.92)、1.91分(β=1.91, 95%CI:1.48~2.34)、2.47分(β=2.47, 95%CI:1.79~3.15),不健康生活方式评分2分、3分、4分、5分大学生抑郁症状发生风险分别增加0.19倍(OR=1.19, 95%CI:1.02~1.40)、0.41倍(OR=1.41, 95%CI:1.21~1.65)、0.86倍(OR=1.86, 95%CI:1.56~2.21)、1.18倍(OR=2.18, 95%CI:1.71~2.78)。随着不健康生活方式评分增加,大学生抑郁症状评分和发生风险越高(P趋势<0.001)。见表3
本研究分析了吸烟、饮酒、饮食、体力活动、BMI 5种生活方式、不健康生活方式评分与大学生抑郁症状的关联,结果显示不健康生活方式与大学生抑郁症状存在显著关联,不健康生活方式种类越多,抑郁症状评分越高,发生抑郁症状风险越大。
本研究发现,大学生抑郁症状检出率为15.57%,低于国内外多个调查结果,但仍在合理范围。一项Meta分析结果显示近十年中国大学生抑郁检出率分布在8%~74%[3],全球大学生抑郁检出率为33.6%[21]。不同研究之间抑郁症状检出率差异较大,可能是因为研究人群数量、专业、地区、调查方法、调查时间及使用量表不同所致。本研究显示,大学生不健康生活方式检出率较高,不健康饮食和缺乏体力活动较为突出;同时有3种及以上不健康生活方式比例为50.92%,既往研究也支持该结果[17,22]
本研究结果表明吸烟、饮酒、不健康饮食、缺乏体力活动是大学生抑郁症状的危险因素。既往研究也认为,有吸烟、饮酒习惯的个体,抑郁症状的检出率更高,症状也更加严重[23-24]。大学生普遍缺乏应对压力与困难的技能,吸烟和饮酒可能作为缓解压力的一种手段,且过量饮酒可能会导致睡眠困难,进而导致抑郁。本研究发现,5种生活方式中,不健康饮食与大学生抑郁症状的关联最大。与本研究类似,Opie等[25]认为健康的膳食习惯可以降低抑郁症状发生风险,营养素增强神经认知功能可能是二者关联的原因,n-3多不饱和脂肪酸、B族维生素、锌、铁、铜等多种营养素被认为与抑郁有关[12],不健康饮食的大学生可能缺乏某些营养素,造成神经认知功能失调,出现抑郁等情绪障碍。既往研究也支持运动是改善抑郁症状的方式之一[26-27],单胺假说认为运动可以提高5-HT、多巴胺、去甲肾上腺素等神经递质的利用,通过调节下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴的活动,进一步改善抑郁症状[28]。本研究未发现BMI与抑郁症状的关联。陆迪菲等[29]研究表明肥胖人群与非肥胖人群相比,焦虑和抑郁评分差异无统计学意义,且与BMI无相关性。但也有研究论证抑郁和肥胖密切相关[30],还需要更多的研究进一步探讨BMI与抑郁症状的关联。
本研究结果提示不健康生活方式种类越多,大学生抑郁症状发生风险越大。不健康生活方式与抑郁症状之间关联的原因复杂。多项研究提出吸烟、饮酒、不健康饮食、缺乏体力活动和体重异常等不健康生活方式可能会引起机体产生慢性炎症、免疫反应等,进而影响基因甲基化状态,导致抑郁及其它健康问题[31-33]。Zhao等[34]队列研究认为生活方式可能通过影响多基因风险、免疫代谢功能和大脑结构改变,进而发生情绪障碍(如抑郁等),保持健康生活方式可显著降低患抑郁症的风险。目前不健康生活方式与抑郁症状相关研究还不够充分,还需要更深层次探讨二者关联的机制。
本研究存在局限性。首先本研究为横断面研究,无法确定生活方式与抑郁症状的因果关系。其次不健康生活方式信息均以自我报告方式获得,可能存在回忆偏移。最后研究对象仅选取一所大学,结论推广需要谨慎。
综上大学生不健康生活方式及不健康生活方式评分与抑郁症状风险增加有关,不健康生活方式种类越多,大学生抑郁症状发生风险越大,采取健康的生活方式有助于减少抑郁症状的发生。呼吁社会、学校、家庭及大学生个人充分认识健康生活方式的重要性,对生活方式进行动态监测、精准干预、及时反馈,促使学生纠正已有不健康生活方式,长期保持健康生活方式,改善大学生抑郁症状发生,促进身心健康发展。
  • 陕西省自然科学基础研究计划(2024JC-YBQN-0943)
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202403291
  • 接收时间:2024-03-15
  • 首发时间:2026-03-17
  • 出版时间:2024-06-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-03-15
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陕西省自然科学基础研究计划(2024JC-YBQN-0943)
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    1.西安医学院全科医学院,陕西 西安 710018
    2.陕西省卫生行业学会服务中心
    3.中南大学湘雅公共卫生学院
    4.西安交通大学医学部公共卫生学院

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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