Article(id=1240651440604115862, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240651438955754377, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202403063, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1709481600000, receivedDateStr=2024-03-04, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773723953629, onlineDateStr=2026-03-17, pubDate=1719244800000, pubDateStr=2024-06-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773723953629, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773723953629, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773723953629, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240651438955754377, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='12', pageStart='2113', pageEnd='2912', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773723953236, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773723953236, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2210, endPage=2214, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240651440830608286, articleId=1240651440604115862, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Status and influencing factors of health poverty among the elderly in rural areas, Sichuan, columnId=1228016572892119056, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Primary Health Services, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the status and influencing factors of health poverty among the elderly in rural areas of Sichuan in the post poverty alleviation era.

Methods

By using the method of multi-stage sampling, a questionnaire survey was conducted among 606 rural elderly persons in Sichuan from July to August, 2022. Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to explore the influencing factors of health poverty.

Results

Among the 606 persons, 167 (27.6%) were in health poverty.The results of multivariate analysis showed that age(OR=1.655, 95%CI: 1.250-2.191), number of chronic diseases (OR=1.864, 95%CI: 1.510-2.301) and physical function limitation (OR=1.890, 95%CI: 1.353-2.640) were the risk factors, while the number of daughters (OR=0.739, 95%CI:0.593-0.920) and labor intensity in the past year (OR=0.498, 95%CI: 0.343-0.722) were protective factors for health poverty in the rural elderly.

Conclusion

The rural elderly in Sichuan still have a high risk of health poverty, especially the elderly who are aged, suffer from multiple chronic diseases, have serious disability, have little labor intensity, and have few daughters are the high-risk groups of health poverty, which needs to be paid attention to.

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目的

了解后扶贫时代四川省农村地区老年人健康贫困现况及其影响因素。

方法

采用多阶段抽样方法,于2022年7月—8月对606名四川农村老年人进行问卷调查,采用χ2检验和多因素二分类logistic回归分析老年人健康贫困的影响因素。

结果

167人发生健康贫困,健康贫困发生率为27.6%。多因素分析结果表明,老年人的年龄(OR=1.655,95%CI:1.250~2.191)、慢性病种数(OR=1.864,95%CI:1.510~2.301)、身体功能受限(OR=1.890,95%CI:1.353~2.640)为健康贫困发生的危险因素,女儿数目(OR=0.739,95%CI:0.593~0.920)、近一年劳动强度(OR=0.498,95%CI:0.343~0.722)是健康贫困发生的保护因素。

结论

四川农村老年人仍存在较高的健康贫困风险,尤其是高龄、患多种慢性病、失能程度严重、劳动强度小、女儿少的农村老年人,需重点关注。

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高晓凤,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=oVVm2sYImkXtBlJ/h3E+ag==, magXml=/er5qsz5wWPoxVKKjK0UQw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=BgxLAVPKdbV0oVmla6QsGA==, pdfFileSize=624588, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=r9hrKYjYNqbw0O29lDYvRQ==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

高晓凤(1974—),女,博士,教授,研究方向:多元统计方法在医学中的应用

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By spouse or by children?——study on family security mechanism of rural elderly’s risk perception reduction[J]. Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology: Social Science Edition, 2021, 35(6): 56-65., articleTitle=By spouse or by children?——study on family security mechanism of rural elderly’s risk perception reduction, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1240651447839289583, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651440604115862, awardId=22SXQT0281, language=CN, fundingSource=南充市2022年市校科技战略合作项目(22SXQT0281), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1240651443997306893, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651440604115862, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240651444009889807, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651440604115862, companyId=1240651443997306893, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Public Health, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637007, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240651444018278417, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651440604115862, companyId=1240651443997306893, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.川北医学院公共卫生学院,四川 南充 637007)]), AuthorCompany(id=1240651444110553117, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651440604115862, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240651444118941726, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651440604115862, companyId=1240651444110553117, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.川北医学院医学影像学院)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1240651446014767304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651440604115862, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Basic characteristics and health poverty of elderly people in rural areas of Sichuan Province

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征农村老年人健康贫困χ2P
人数构成比(%)发生人数发生率(%)
性别0.6780.410
27445.27125.9
33254.89628.9
年龄(岁)47.725<0.001
60~<7026744.14416.5
70~<8023538.86929.4
≥8010417.25451.9
民族0.0001.000
汉族59798.516527.6
少数民族91.5222.2
文化程度1.0240.599
文盲或半文盲21435.36329.4
小学22236.65625.2
初中及以上17028.14828.2
婚姻状况5.3030.021
非在婚17629.06034.1
在婚43071.010724.9
医疗保险类型0.3450.841
未参加122.0325.0
新农合49080.913327.1
城镇居民/职工医保10417.23129.8
居住类型4.6990.195
独自居住6911.42130.4
与配偶单独居住34757.38424.2
固定在一子女家居住13722.64532.9
子女家轮班居住538.81732.1
子女总数(人)5.6760.128
0152.5746.7
111619.12521.6
222537.16026.7
≥325041.37530.0
儿子数目(人)9.0640.028
013822.83525.4
124840.95823.4
215425.44730.5
≥36610.92740.9
女儿数目(人)9.4950.023
017328.65833.5
124440.35522.5
212921.34232.6
≥3609.91220.0
子女孝顺a5.2670.061b
都孝顺52789.213625.8
有的孝顺6110.32236.1
都不孝顺30.5266.7
经济来源3.0220.388
全靠自己/伴侣21836.06931.7
部分靠子女24840.96124.6
全靠子女122.0325.0
其他12821.13426.6
身体残疾5.6940.017
55691.814626.3
508.32142.0
慢性病种数(种)80.470<0.001
017428.71910.9
118330.24122.4
214924.64731.5
≥310016.56060.0
身体功能受限75.559<0.001
无限制16326.92716.6
限制一点34256.47722.5
限制较多10116.76362.4
近一年因健康原因住院18.222<0.001
16727.66740.1
43972.410022.8
近一年劳动强度24.527<0.001
较小22837.68738.2
一般33955.97722.7
较大396.437.7
社会支持0.0970.755
32453.59128.1
28246.57627.0
合计606100.016727.6
), ArticleFig(id=1240651446119624915, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651440604115862, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

四川农村老年人的基本情况及健康贫困状况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征农村老年人健康贫困χ2P
人数构成比(%)发生人数发生率(%)
性别0.6780.410
27445.27125.9
33254.89628.9
年龄(岁)47.725<0.001
60~<7026744.14416.5
70~<8023538.86929.4
≥8010417.25451.9
民族0.0001.000
汉族59798.516527.6
少数民族91.5222.2
文化程度1.0240.599
文盲或半文盲21435.36329.4
小学22236.65625.2
初中及以上17028.14828.2
婚姻状况5.3030.021
非在婚17629.06034.1
在婚43071.010724.9
医疗保险类型0.3450.841
未参加122.0325.0
新农合49080.913327.1
城镇居民/职工医保10417.23129.8
居住类型4.6990.195
独自居住6911.42130.4
与配偶单独居住34757.38424.2
固定在一子女家居住13722.64532.9
子女家轮班居住538.81732.1
子女总数(人)5.6760.128
0152.5746.7
111619.12521.6
222537.16026.7
≥325041.37530.0
儿子数目(人)9.0640.028
013822.83525.4
124840.95823.4
215425.44730.5
≥36610.92740.9
女儿数目(人)9.4950.023
017328.65833.5
124440.35522.5
212921.34232.6
≥3609.91220.0
子女孝顺a5.2670.061b
都孝顺52789.213625.8
有的孝顺6110.32236.1
都不孝顺30.5266.7
经济来源3.0220.388
全靠自己/伴侣21836.06931.7
部分靠子女24840.96124.6
全靠子女122.0325.0
其他12821.13426.6
身体残疾5.6940.017
55691.814626.3
508.32142.0
慢性病种数(种)80.470<0.001
017428.71910.9
118330.24122.4
214924.64731.5
≥310016.56060.0
身体功能受限75.559<0.001
无限制16326.92716.6
限制一点34256.47722.5
限制较多10116.76362.4
近一年因健康原因住院18.222<0.001
16727.66740.1
43972.410022.8
近一年劳动强度24.527<0.001
较小22837.68738.2
一般33955.97722.7
较大396.437.7
社会支持0.0970.755
32453.59128.1
28246.57627.0
合计606100.016727.6
), ArticleFig(id=1240651446211899611, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651440604115862, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Results of logistic regression analysis of factors influencing health poverty amony rural elecerly in Sichuan Province

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素βjSβjWald χ2POR(95% CI)
年龄0.5040.14312.395<0.0011.655(1.250-2.191)
女儿数目-0.3030.1127.3100.0070.739(0.593-0.920)
慢性病种数0.6230.10733.558<0.0011.864(1.510-2.301)
身体功能受限0.6360.17113.916<0.0011.890(1.353-2.640)
近一年劳动强度-0.6970.18913.555<0.0010.498(0.343-0.722)
), ArticleFig(id=1240651446299980005, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651440604115862, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

四川农村老年人健康贫困影响因素的logistic回归分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素βjSβjWald χ2POR(95% CI)
年龄0.5040.14312.395<0.0011.655(1.250-2.191)
女儿数目-0.3030.1127.3100.0070.739(0.593-0.920)
慢性病种数0.6230.10733.558<0.0011.864(1.510-2.301)
身体功能受限0.6360.17113.916<0.0011.890(1.353-2.640)
近一年劳动强度-0.6970.18913.555<0.0010.498(0.343-0.722)
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四川省农村地区老年人健康贫困现况及影响因素研究
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高晓凤 1 , 刘敏 1 , 段云 2
现代预防医学 | 基层卫生服务 2024,51(12): 2210-2214
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现代预防医学 | 基层卫生服务 2024, 51(12): 2210-2214
四川省农村地区老年人健康贫困现况及影响因素研究
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高晓凤1 , 刘敏1, 段云2
作者信息
  • 1.川北医学院公共卫生学院,四川 南充 637007
  • 2.川北医学院医学影像学院
  • 高晓凤(1974—),女,博士,教授,研究方向:多元统计方法在医学中的应用

通讯作者:

高晓凤,E-mail:
Status and influencing factors of health poverty among the elderly in rural areas, Sichuan
Xiao-feng GAO1 , Min LIU1, Yun DUAN2
Affiliations
  • School of Public Health, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637007, China
出版时间: 2024-06-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202403063
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目的

了解后扶贫时代四川省农村地区老年人健康贫困现况及其影响因素。

方法

采用多阶段抽样方法,于2022年7月—8月对606名四川农村老年人进行问卷调查,采用χ2检验和多因素二分类logistic回归分析老年人健康贫困的影响因素。

结果

167人发生健康贫困,健康贫困发生率为27.6%。多因素分析结果表明,老年人的年龄(OR=1.655,95%CI:1.250~2.191)、慢性病种数(OR=1.864,95%CI:1.510~2.301)、身体功能受限(OR=1.890,95%CI:1.353~2.640)为健康贫困发生的危险因素,女儿数目(OR=0.739,95%CI:0.593~0.920)、近一年劳动强度(OR=0.498,95%CI:0.343~0.722)是健康贫困发生的保护因素。

结论

四川农村老年人仍存在较高的健康贫困风险,尤其是高龄、患多种慢性病、失能程度严重、劳动强度小、女儿少的农村老年人,需重点关注。

农村地区  /  老年人  /  健康贫困  /  影响因素
Objective

To explore the status and influencing factors of health poverty among the elderly in rural areas of Sichuan in the post poverty alleviation era.

Methods

By using the method of multi-stage sampling, a questionnaire survey was conducted among 606 rural elderly persons in Sichuan from July to August, 2022. Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to explore the influencing factors of health poverty.

Results

Among the 606 persons, 167 (27.6%) were in health poverty.The results of multivariate analysis showed that age(OR=1.655, 95%CI: 1.250-2.191), number of chronic diseases (OR=1.864, 95%CI: 1.510-2.301) and physical function limitation (OR=1.890, 95%CI: 1.353-2.640) were the risk factors, while the number of daughters (OR=0.739, 95%CI:0.593-0.920) and labor intensity in the past year (OR=0.498, 95%CI: 0.343-0.722) were protective factors for health poverty in the rural elderly.

Conclusion

The rural elderly in Sichuan still have a high risk of health poverty, especially the elderly who are aged, suffer from multiple chronic diseases, have serious disability, have little labor intensity, and have few daughters are the high-risk groups of health poverty, which needs to be paid attention to.

Rural area  /  The elderly  /  Health poverty  /  Influencing factor
高晓凤, 刘敏, 段云. 四川省农村地区老年人健康贫困现况及影响因素研究. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (12) : 2210 -2214 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202403063
Xiao-feng GAO, Min LIU, Yun DUAN. Status and influencing factors of health poverty among the elderly in rural areas, Sichuan[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (12) : 2210 -2214 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202403063
健康贫困是个体健康能力的剥夺和获取健康机会的丧失[1-2],由于经济发展落后所导致参与卫生保健、医疗保障和接受公共卫生服务的机会丧失,并由健康问题而导致获取经济收入的能力降低,从而造成贫困的产生或加剧,健康能力的剥夺与健康机会的丧失比低收入对贫困的影响更显著,甚至会加剧获取劳动收入能力的丧失[3]。随着年龄增长,老年人不可避免地面临着功能限制和慢性病的健康风险,农村老年人因其生理状况、疾病模式和社会经济地位成为社会所关注的脆弱人群,但现有文献对农村老年人健康贫困的报道有限,且多是分析社会经济地位对健康贫困的影响[4-6],纳入子代因素研究健康贫困问题的文献更少。我国农村地区养老模式以家庭养老为主,成年子女对老年父母的赡养一定程度上可使老年父母免于陷入健康贫困,但随着城镇化进程加快,农村大量青壮年劳动力外流造成子代与亲代的空间距离增加,一定程度上又会弱化农村老人从子女处获得生活照料、精神慰藉等养老资源的可能性。而且,经过2020年全面脱贫攻坚战之后,我国农村的贫困进入到一个以转型性的次生贫困和相对贫困为特点的“后扶贫时代”,在此背景下,考虑子代因素,研究农村老年人的健康贫困问题有着重要的现实意义。基于此,本课题组以四川农村老年人为研究对象,对其健康贫困现况及影响因素进行研究,所得结论可为后扶贫时代农村老年人健康贫困治理提供参考依据,现报告如下。
以四川省农村老年人作为调查对象,纳入标准为:(1)年龄≥60岁;(2)在四川当地农村居住半年以上;(3)能正常沟通。根据样本含量估算公式:π为老年人健康贫困发生病率,根据文献估计为20.72%[6]δ为容许误差,要求少于3.5%,α=0.05,计算出样本含量n ≈515。考虑到信息收集时可能会出现拒访、不合格问卷等情况,将样本含量增加为620。
调查对象来源于四川省6个行政村。综合考虑经济社会发展状况,将四川省所有地级市分为高、中、低三个层次,从每个层次中各抽取一个地级市(成都、自贡、资阳),每个市再抽取2个行政村,最后从每个行政村至少抽取100人。本研究通过川北医学院伦理委员会审批(批准号:2023016),所有被调查者均知情并同意参加。
包括老年人一般情况、社会支持、及老年人近一年自付医疗费用、近一年家庭人均收入、近一年是否因经济困难而未就医、及自评健康状况。一般情况包括老年人的社会人口学特征(性别、年龄、民族、文化程度、婚姻状况、医疗保险类型、经济来源、居住类型)、子女情况(子女总数、儿子数目、女儿数目、子女孝顺)、身体状况(身体残疾、患慢性病种数、身体功能受限、近一年因健康原因住院、近一年劳动强度)。社会支持情况采用肖水源编制的社会支持评定量表[7]进行测量,该量表总分为各条目的得分之和,最高分为66分,总分越高,表明受试者社会支持水平越高,该量表在本研究中的 Cronbach α系数为0.783。
根据文献,本研究将灾难性卫生支出[4]、因经济困难而未就医[8]、自评健康为差[5]作为健康贫困的判定标准,当农村老年人发生上述情况之一时,就判定为发生了健康贫困。其中,灾难性卫生支出是指家庭自付医疗费用占家庭非食品支出的比例超过一定界定标准(界定标准多为10%~50%不等)[9],当用家庭收入做分母时,可选择5%~20%作为界定标准[4,9],本研究以家庭人均收入作为分母,界定标准设为20%[4],即当农村老年人近一年自付医疗费用超过家庭人均收入的20%时,即判定为发生了灾难性卫生支出。故收集了老年人近一年的自付医疗费用、近一年家庭人均收入、近一年是否因经济困难而未就医、及自评健康情况。自评健康是指个人对自身健康的总体评价和感知,分为“很不好”“不好”“一般”“好”“很好”5个等级[10],将等级“不好”“很不好”合并为差,“很好”“好”合并为好。
调查于2022年7月—8月进行,调查员由经过培训的预防医学本科生担任。由调查员首先向老年人说明调查目的及填写方法,老年人了解后自愿参加,而后现场发放问卷,由老年人无记名填写,如老年人填写问卷时出现阅读或填写困难,则由调查员询问老年人后代其填写问卷,问卷完成后当场回收。
数据分析由SPSS 20.0软件完成。对老年人的年龄、子女数目、慢性病种数、社会支持得分采用进行描述,对其年医疗支出、个人年收入采用MP25P75)进行描述。以均分为界将社会支持划分为高、低两组(>均分为高社会支持组,≤均分为低社会支持组)。采用χ2检验比较不同特征老年人健康贫困发生率有无差异,在此基础上,将有统计学意义的因素纳入作为自变量,并将慢性病种数和近一年劳动强度作为交互变量,进一步采用多因素二分类logistic回归分析老年人健康贫困的影响因素。检验水准α=0.05。
发放问卷611份,回收有效问卷606份。606人中,男性274人(45.2%),女性332人(54.8%);年龄在60~104岁,平均(71.8±7.6)岁;子女总数为0~8人,平均(2.4±1.2)人;女儿数为0~6人,平均(1.2±1.0)人;儿子数为0~7人,平均(1.3±1.1)人;432人(71.3%)患有慢性病,患病人数居前三位的分别为:高血压/低血压238人(39.3%)、糖尿病165人(27.2%)、关节炎或风湿病151人(24.9%);患有慢性病0~7种,平均(1.4±1.2)种;老人近一年医疗支出为1 500(500, 4 125)元,个人年收入为25 000(13 000,40 000)元;社会支持18~54分,平均(36.4±6.7)分。见表1
606人中,167人发生健康贫困,发生率为27.6%。老年人的年龄、婚姻状况、儿子数目、女儿数目、身体残疾、慢性病种数、身体功能受限状况、近一年因健康原因住院、近一年劳动强度对健康贫困的影响均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。经趋势χ2检验发现,年龄越大(P<0.001)、儿子越多(P=0.013)、慢性病种数越多(P<0.001)、身体功能受限越多(P<0.001),健康贫困发生率呈越高的趋势;近一年劳动强度越大(P<0.001),健康贫困发生率呈越低的趋势。老年人的性别、民族、文化程度、医疗保险类型、居住类型、子女总数、子女孝顺情况、经济来源、社会支持状况对其健康贫困的影响均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。见表1
以健康贫困是否发生作为因变量,将前述χ2检验中有统计学意义的因素作为自变量,并将慢性病种数和近一年劳动强度作为交互变量,进行多因素logistic回归分析。结果发现,老年人的年龄、慢性病种数、身体功能受限为健康贫困发生的危险因素,女儿数目、近一年劳动强度是健康贫困发生的保护因素,而慢性病种数和近一年劳动强度对健康贫困发生的交互作用没有统计学意义(χ2=0.458,P=0.499)。婚姻状况、儿子数目、子女孝顺情况、身体残疾、近一年因健康原因住院对健康贫困的影响均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。见表2
农村老年人的健康对家庭及健康乡村的可持续发展至关重要。在后扶贫时代,尽管已全面消除绝对贫困,但本研究发现四川农村老年人的健康防贫形势依然严峻,尤其是高龄、患多种慢性病、失能程度严重的农村老年人发生健康贫困的风险较高。高龄、患多种慢性病、重度失能的老年人一方面因健康资本存量低、健康风险大、健康能力下降,甚或丧失劳动能力,会直接减少经济收入,另一方面因患多种疾病,造成医疗支出增加,加重经济负担,同时又因患病易加重老年人的失能,从而造成贫困的发生或加重。近一年劳动强度大的农村老年人,发生健康贫困的风险较低,可从以下三点解释:首先,农村老年人的劳动强度大,说明老年人的身体素质较好;其次,农村老年人在劳作时身体也会得到锻炼,有研究报道老年人的体力活动水平越高,其健康体适能及体质健康状况越好[11];再次,农村老年人虽年老但仍具有从事农业生产的能力时,可通过土地经营获取养老收入,进而化解养老风险,通过劳动,老年人会觉得老有所用,对自身健康状况和自我效用的评价会更高,从而有助于其身心健康。
当前,我国农村养老保障体系还不是很完善,家庭保障仍是农村老年人养老最主要的选择,子女的经济支持和照料支持可通过改善老年人日常生活、支付医疗费用、提高看病频率等[12]对老年父母的生理健康产生积极影响。但随着社会发展转型和女性社会经济地位提高,改变了传统的以儿子为核心的赡养方式,女儿在赡养父母方面发挥着越来越重要的作用,女儿多的农村老年人主观幸福感更高[13]。在此背景下,本研究考虑了子女性别对健康贫困的影响,并发现女儿多的农村老年人发生健康贫困的风险较低,而儿子数量的影响却没有统计学意义,该发现从另一视角印证了当下“女儿养老”在农村地区日渐普遍的趋势。“女儿养老”通过女儿与父母间的亲密互动优化了原有的“抚育-赡养”结构,适应了家庭结构的变迁,增强了家庭养老模式的适应性。不过,子女数量与老年人获得养老资源之间的关系,现有研究结论并不一致,有研究认为子女数量越多,农村老年人获得子女经济支持的可能性越大[14],但也有研究认为子女数量与子女赡养行为的关系没有统计学意义[15],后者可能也是本研究中子女数量对健康贫困影响无统计学意义的重要原因。
婚姻状况对农村老年人健康贫困的影响无统计学意义。这是因为,配偶的扶持和照顾作用能否让农村老年人避免陷入健康贫困,主要取决于配偶的经济状况和健康状况,当配偶的经济状况和健康状况不好时,老年人不仅要顾及自己,还要担心配偶的养老和健康问题,从而会加重发生健康贫困的可能性。农村老年人的配偶一般也是农村高龄群体,所能提供的经济支持和生活照料有限,从而造成有无配偶的农村老年人其健康贫困发生率没有统计学差异。有无配偶对农村老年人的主观幸福感[16]和养老风险感知[17]的影响亦无统计学意义。
最后,需说明的是,由于本研究为横断面研究,且调查对象数量来源有限,这一定程度上会影响调查对象的代表性,将来可进一步扩大调查对象来源范围,以增加样本代表性。不过,基于目前农村老年人健康贫困相关文献很少的现实,本研究对后扶贫时代农村地区健康贫困治理仍有重要的现实意义。
综上,进入后扶贫时代,四川农村老年人仍存在较高的健康贫困风险。可通过统筹完善农村居民的医疗保障制度、充分发挥子女的赡养责任、加大对农村高风险群体的健康帮扶力度等措施,确保农村老年人老有所养、病有所医,防止因病致贫返贫现象发生,推动农村高质量发展。
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2024年第51卷第12期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202403063
  • 接收时间:2024-03-04
  • 首发时间:2026-03-17
  • 出版时间:2024-06-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-03-04
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南充市2022年市校科技战略合作项目(22SXQT0281)
作者信息
    1.川北医学院公共卫生学院,四川 南充 637007
    2.川北医学院医学影像学院

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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