Article(id=1240651440516035474, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240651438955754377, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202309532, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1695830400000, receivedDateStr=2023-09-28, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773723953608, onlineDateStr=2026-03-17, pubDate=1719244800000, pubDateStr=2024-06-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773723953608, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773723953608, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773723953608, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240651438955754377, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='12', pageStart='2113', pageEnd='2912', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773723953236, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773723953236, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2146, endPage=2151, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240651440755110811, articleId=1240651440516035474, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Causal relationship between lipids and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study, columnId=1228016567443718970, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Epidemiology and Statistical Methods Advances, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To evaluate the causal relationships between lipids (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C], triglyceride [TG], apolipoprotein A-I [ApoA-I], apolipoprotein B) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) through a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study.

Methods

Summary datasets of genome-wide association studies of lipids and NAFLD in European ancestry were leveraged, and single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with lipids were selected as instrumental variables. Several univariable MR analyses were conducted, including inverse-variance weighting method, MR-Egger regression, weighted median estimation, MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier method. A multivariable inverse-variance weighting method was further used to evaluate the independent causal effect of lipids on NAFLD.

Results

Univariable inverse-variance weighting MR showed that genetically predicted higher HDL-C (OR=0.774, 95%CI: 0.708-0.845, P<0.001) and ApoA-I (OR=0.878, 95%CI: 0.796-0.968, P=0.009) were associated with a lower risk of NAFLD, while genetically predicted higher TG (OR=1.323, 95%CI: 1.201-1.458, P<0.001) was associated with a higher risk of NAFLD. The causal effects of HDL-C and TG on NAFLD remained consistent in multivariable MR when adjusting for other lipids, body mass index, and type-2 diabetes.

Conclusion

Our study supports a putative causal relationship between HDL-C, TG, and NAFLD.

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目的

采用两样本孟德尔随机化(Mendelian randomization, MR)方法分析血脂(低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、甘油三酯、载脂蛋白A-I、载脂蛋白B)与非酒精性脂肪性肝病(non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,NAFLD)的因果关系。

方法

使用欧洲人群中公开的大样本全基因组关联研究汇总数据,运用逆方差加权法、MR-Egger回归、加权中位数估计法以及MR多效性残差和异常值检验等方法进行单变量孟德尔随机化分析,并运用多变量逆方差加权法评价血脂对NAFLD的独立效应。

结果

单变量逆方差加权法显示,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(OR=0.774, 95%CI: 0.708~0.845, P<0.001)及载脂蛋白A-I (OR=0.878, 95%CI: 0.796~0.968, P=0.009)是NAFLD的保护因素,甘油三酯(OR=1.323, 95%CI: 1.201~1.458, P<0.001)是NAFLD的危险因素;在调整血脂成分、身体质量指数和2型糖尿病后,多变量逆方差加权法发现高密度脂蛋白胆固醇及甘油三酯对NAFLD的因果效应保持不变。

结论

高密度脂蛋白胆固醇及甘油三酯与NAFLD之间存在稳健的因果关系。

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张本,E-mail:
姜侠,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=jFXbfrhLEEgre4qSkzcN4Q==, magXml=BGPU6FT32Bwrs/ZLwC6Iog==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=WbDFFGWtwSqClTXKQUDlXQ==, pdfFileSize=850054, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=sdGlNni+p+Kf3EQ5804M4w==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=Tbv7oAzau8Vacw8DwXbBew==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

申鹏悦(1998—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:流行病与卫生统计学

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Trends in Pharmacological Sciences, 2021, 42(3): 183-190., articleTitle=Triglycerides in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: guilty until proven innocent, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1240651443674346484, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651440516035474, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240651443678540789, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651440516035474, companyId=1240651443674346484, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240651443686929399, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651440516035474, companyId=1240651443674346484, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院,四川 成都 610041)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1240651447881232628, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651440516035474, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=The forest plot of univariable MR analysis, figureFileSmall=G/cGcSfQcGgvWDQu1jFSTQ==, figureFileBig=sdGlNni+p+Kf3EQ5804M4w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240651447969313020, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651440516035474, language=CN, label=图1, caption=单变量MR森林图, figureFileSmall=G/cGcSfQcGgvWDQu1jFSTQ==, figureFileBig=sdGlNni+p+Kf3EQ5804M4w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240651448271302935, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651440516035474, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=The “leave-one-out” sensitivity analysis plot, figureFileSmall=3UF6tkzI2pFWXFZDdojKYA==, figureFileBig=dB7zv/sXskG2vagt58E6ZA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240651448392937762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651440516035474, language=CN, label=图2, caption=“leave-one-out”敏感性分析图

注:图A、B、C、D、E分别表示LDL-C、HDL-C、TG、ApoA-I、ApoB。

, figureFileSmall=3UF6tkzI2pFWXFZDdojKYA==, figureFileBig=dB7zv/sXskG2vagt58E6ZA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240651448548127024, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651440516035474, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=The forest plot of multivariable MR analysis, figureFileSmall=aUwCyGyFATFu7FFQvDZ/Qg==, figureFileBig=TOkUCeE9B9gTHV/E5a0Rrw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240651448644596024, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651440516035474, language=CN, label=图3, caption=多变量MR森林图, figureFileSmall=aUwCyGyFATFu7FFQvDZ/Qg==, figureFileBig=TOkUCeE9B9gTHV/E5a0Rrw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240651448720093507, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651440516035474, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=The forest plot of multivariable MR analysis (after adjusting for BMI、T2D), figureFileSmall=QV4C8dWb7sujxpFpvsVFGA==, figureFileBig=bgoy+WN4Xhx5MmgMyzhIVw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240651448808173898, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651440516035474, language=CN, label=图4, caption=血脂表型与NAFLD因果关联,多变量MR森林图(调整BMI、T2D), figureFileSmall=QV4C8dWb7sujxpFpvsVFGA==, figureFileBig=bgoy+WN4Xhx5MmgMyzhIVw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240651448929808728, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651440516035474, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Information on GWAS summary statistics of lipids and NAFLD

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量SNP数量样本量人种性别发表年份PMID
LDL-C440 546
HDL-C403 943
TG12 321 875441 016欧洲人群男女混合202032 203 549
ApoA-I393 193
ApoB439 214
NAFLD6 797 908778 614欧洲人群男女混合202134 841 290
BMI27 381 302694 649欧洲人群男女混合201830 239 722
T2D23 596 171898 130欧洲人群男女混合201830 297 969
), ArticleFig(id=1240651449047249253, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651440516035474, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

血脂与NAFLD汇总数据简要信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量SNP数量样本量人种性别发表年份PMID
LDL-C440 546
HDL-C403 943
TG12 321 875441 016欧洲人群男女混合202032 203 549
ApoA-I393 193
ApoB439 214
NAFLD6 797 908778 614欧洲人群男女混合202134 841 290
BMI27 381 302694 649欧洲人群男女混合201830 239 722
T2D23 596 171898 130欧洲人群男女混合201830 297 969
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血脂与非酒精性脂肪性肝病因果关系的两样本孟德尔随机化研究
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申鹏悦 , 章文强 , 黄德琴 , 贺麟 , 姜侠 , 张本
现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2024,51(12): 2146-2151
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现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2024, 51(12): 2146-2151
血脂与非酒精性脂肪性肝病因果关系的两样本孟德尔随机化研究
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申鹏悦, 章文强, 黄德琴, 贺麟, 姜侠 , 张本
作者信息
  • 四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院,四川 成都 610041
  • 申鹏悦(1998—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:流行病与卫生统计学

通讯作者:

张本,E-mail:
姜侠,E-mail:
Causal relationship between lipids and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Peng-yue SHEN, Wen-qiang ZHANG, De-qin HUANG, Lin HE, Xia JIANG , Ben ZHANG
Affiliations
  • West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
出版时间: 2024-06-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202309532
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目的

采用两样本孟德尔随机化(Mendelian randomization, MR)方法分析血脂(低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、甘油三酯、载脂蛋白A-I、载脂蛋白B)与非酒精性脂肪性肝病(non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,NAFLD)的因果关系。

方法

使用欧洲人群中公开的大样本全基因组关联研究汇总数据,运用逆方差加权法、MR-Egger回归、加权中位数估计法以及MR多效性残差和异常值检验等方法进行单变量孟德尔随机化分析,并运用多变量逆方差加权法评价血脂对NAFLD的独立效应。

结果

单变量逆方差加权法显示,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(OR=0.774, 95%CI: 0.708~0.845, P<0.001)及载脂蛋白A-I (OR=0.878, 95%CI: 0.796~0.968, P=0.009)是NAFLD的保护因素,甘油三酯(OR=1.323, 95%CI: 1.201~1.458, P<0.001)是NAFLD的危险因素;在调整血脂成分、身体质量指数和2型糖尿病后,多变量逆方差加权法发现高密度脂蛋白胆固醇及甘油三酯对NAFLD的因果效应保持不变。

结论

高密度脂蛋白胆固醇及甘油三酯与NAFLD之间存在稳健的因果关系。

孟德尔随机化  /  血脂  /  非酒精性脂肪性肝病  /  因果推断
Objective

To evaluate the causal relationships between lipids (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C], triglyceride [TG], apolipoprotein A-I [ApoA-I], apolipoprotein B) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) through a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study.

Methods

Summary datasets of genome-wide association studies of lipids and NAFLD in European ancestry were leveraged, and single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with lipids were selected as instrumental variables. Several univariable MR analyses were conducted, including inverse-variance weighting method, MR-Egger regression, weighted median estimation, MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier method. A multivariable inverse-variance weighting method was further used to evaluate the independent causal effect of lipids on NAFLD.

Results

Univariable inverse-variance weighting MR showed that genetically predicted higher HDL-C (OR=0.774, 95%CI: 0.708-0.845, P<0.001) and ApoA-I (OR=0.878, 95%CI: 0.796-0.968, P=0.009) were associated with a lower risk of NAFLD, while genetically predicted higher TG (OR=1.323, 95%CI: 1.201-1.458, P<0.001) was associated with a higher risk of NAFLD. The causal effects of HDL-C and TG on NAFLD remained consistent in multivariable MR when adjusting for other lipids, body mass index, and type-2 diabetes.

Conclusion

Our study supports a putative causal relationship between HDL-C, TG, and NAFLD.

Mendelian randomization  /  Lipids  /  Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease  /  Causal inference
申鹏悦, 章文强, 黄德琴, 贺麟, 姜侠, 张本. 血脂与非酒精性脂肪性肝病因果关系的两样本孟德尔随机化研究. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (12) : 2146 -2151 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202309532
Peng-yue SHEN, Wen-qiang ZHANG, De-qin HUANG, Lin HE, Xia JIANG, Ben ZHANG. Causal relationship between lipids and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (12) : 2146 -2151 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202309532
非酒精性脂肪性肝病(non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,NAFLD)是目前全球肝脏疾病负担的主要原因之一。据估计,我国将成为 NAFLD患病率总体和相对增幅最大的国家,NAFLD病例数将从2016年的2.463 3亿例增加至2030年的3.145 8亿例[1],将对我国居民健康产生重要影响,一方面反映在医疗成本的升高,如对肝移植需求增加,另一方面出现严重纤维化的NAFLD患者发生不良后果的风险显著增加,包括肝脏特异性发病率、死亡率和总体死亡率[2]。临床上NAFLD患者常合并血脂异常[3-4],观察性研究结果也提示血脂异常与NAFLD发生存在关联,但结论存在争议[5-6]。传统流行病学研究固有的残余混杂和反向因果问题可能会导致先前研究的结果不一致。由于基因在减数分裂时随机分配类似于随机干预,孟德尔随机化(Mendelian Randomization, MR)研究可以克服传统流行病学研究的固有局限[7]。各脂质表型的SNPs通常修饰不止一种脂质表型,其单变量MR结果反映的每种暴露对结果的影响包括了直接影响及与通过与其他暴露相互作用产生的影响,而多变量MR由于可以估计每种暴露对结果的直接影响而通常用于脂质的MR分析[8-9]。此前对于脂质与非酒精性脂肪性肝病的MR研究结果不全面,使用的全基因组关联研究(genome-wide association study, GWAS)汇总数据较少且并未考虑到脂质间及其他代谢性因素多效性的影响[10]。因此,本研究使用欧洲人群中公开的大样本全基因组关联研究汇总数据,采用两样本单变量及多变量孟德尔随机化方法分析低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low-density lipoproteins cholesterol, LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high-density lipoproteins cholesterol, LDL-C)、甘油三酯(triglyceride, TG)、载脂蛋白A-I(apolipoprotein A-I, ApoA-I)和载脂蛋白B(apolipoprotein B, ApoB)等五项常用血脂指标与NAFLD的独立因果关系。
本研究中LDL-C,HDL-C,TG,ApoA-I,ApoB的GWAS汇总数据来源于英国生物银行[11],NAFLD的GWAS汇总数据来源于一项对英国生物银行、爱沙尼亚生物银行以及其他4项队列进行的荟萃分析[12],总共有84 334例NAFLD病例及770 180名对照。另外考虑到身体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)及二型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes, T2D)是可能的混杂因素,本研究选取了目前最大的BMI [13]和T2D [14] 的GWAS汇总数据。所有表型的遗传数据均来自欧洲人群。详见表1
本研究以血脂为暴露因素,NAFLD为结局变量,首先采用单变量孟德尔随机化(univariable MR, UVMR)方法分析血脂与NAFLD的因果关联。由于血脂间存在高度的相关性,本研究采用多变量孟德尔随机化(multivariable MR, MVMR)方法分析血脂的独立效应,以调整其他血脂的干扰。考虑到多重共线性问题,本研究没有在MVMR分析中同时调整LDL-C与ApoB,HDL-C与ApoA-I[15];然后在MVMR模型的基础上继续调整了BMI及T2D这两个混杂因素[16-17],以评估血脂对NAFLD的独立效应。
单变量MR分析,首先参照千人全基因组面板,选择各个血脂表型中具有显著意义(P<5.0×10-8)的SNPs,并使用PLINK clumping方法[18](遗传距离< 1 000 kb,遗传连锁参数r2<0.001)筛选与血脂显著相关的独立SNPs,然后在此基础上,使用steiger过滤方法[19]筛选出相比结局与暴露更相关的SNPs作为工具变量。MVMR分析中的模型1首先合并了上述方法筛选出的LDL-C,HDL-C及TG表型的工具变量,并对这些工具变量再次使用PLINK clumping方法进行了处理:遗传距离为<1 000 kb,遗传连锁参数r2<0.001。同样的,模型2的表型包括LDL-C,TG以及ApoA-I;模型3的表型包括HDL-C,TG以及ApoB;模型4的表型包括了TG,ApoA-I以及ApoB。通过计算F统计量检验是否存在弱工具变量偏倚[7]F> 10则说明不存在弱工具变量偏倚,其计算公式为R2=2×EAF×(1-EAF)×β2,其中N为各血脂表型的人群样本量,K为SNPs的个数,R2为SNPs所解释血脂表型的变异比例。
MR分析以逆方差加权法(inverse-variance weighted, IVW)[20]作为主要分析,当所选SNPs没有水平多效性时(MR-Egger截距P>0.05),IVW方法被认为是最可信的[21]。除此之外,本研究还采用MR-Egger回归[22],加权中位数估计法(weighted median estimator, WME)[23]以及MR多效性残差和异常值检验(MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier, MR-PRESSO)进行了补充分析。区别于IVW方法,MR-Egger方法在回归时考虑了截距项,可用于纠正工具变量存在水平多效性带来的偏差。WME可以在存在50%的无效工具变量时也能提供较为一致的因果估计。MR-PRESSO能够识别水平多效性异常的SNPs,并提供异常值校正后估计效应。基于IVW方法的MVMR分析[24]用于识别各表型独立的效应。本研究还进行了多项敏感性分析:去除回文结构的SNPs,保证效应等位基因能够正确识别;根据GWAS catalog (https://www.ebi.ac.uk/gwas/)去除了与潜在混杂表型相关的SNPs;采用留一法(leave-one-out)[25]依次去除SNP进行IVW分析,若余下的SNPs的MR结果仍与总结果保持一致,说明结果稳健。
本研究应用Cochran Q检验判断SNP的异质性,若检验P<0.05,则表示SNPs之间存在异质性;另外,采用MR-Egger截距检测水平多效性,若检验P<0.05,则表示存在多效性。
以上分析均使用R 4.2.2软件中的“Two Sample MR”“MRPRESSO”“MRInstruments”及“Mendelian Randomization”软件包实现。检验水准α=0.05.
根据筛选标准,成功匹配出LDL-C,HDL-C,TG,ApoA-I,ApoB的SNPs个数分别为175,431,373,354,200个;R2分别为7.68%,11.92%,10.32%,10.14%,9.23%;单一SNP的F值分布范围分别为28.60~3 119.06,21.79~3 941.42,22.46~2 465.32,22.46~2 496.76,27.94~2 523.57,表明不存在弱工具变量。
异质性检验结果显示,统计量QLDL-C =409.190,QHDL-C =636.443,QTG =632.353,QApoA-I =568.530,QApoB =440.091,P值均<0.001,提示SNP间存在异质性,故使用随机效应IVW模型。
在单变量MR分析中,IVW方法显示HDL-C(OR=0.774,95%CI: 0.708~0.845, P<0.001)及ApoA-I(OR=0.878,95%CI: 0.796~0.968, P=0.009)能降低NAFLD的发病风险,TG(OR=1.323, 95%CI: 1.201~1.458, P<0.001)可增加NAFLD的发病风险,MR-Egger、WME以及MR-PRESSO方法均得到与IVW一致的结果。由于MR-Egger截距检验显示LDL-C与NAFLD间因果关联受到水平多效性的影响,故更关注MR-Egger结果(OR=0.788, 95%CI: 0.650~0.956, P=0.016),即LDL-C可降低NAFLD的发病风险,IVW、WME以及MR-PRESSO方法结果均与MR-Egger方法方向一致。见图1。留一法逐个剔除各SNP后,未发现对结果有较大影响的SNP(见图2),MR分析结果是稳健的。
从未调整BMI、T2D的MVMR分析的4个模型中(见图3)可以看出,LDL-C(OR=0.870, 95%CI: 0.777~0.975, P=0.016; OR=0.875, 95%CI: 0.783~0.978, P=0.018)、HDL-C(OR=0.875, 95%CI: 0.785~0.977, P=0.017; OR=0.852, 95%CI: 0.765~0.949, P=0.004)可能降低NAFLD的发病风险,而TG(OR=1.296, 95%CI: 1.148~1.463, P<0.001; OR =1.365, 95%CI: 1.226~1.519, P<0.001; OR=1.266, 95%CI: 1.121~1.430, P<0.001; OR=1.341, 95%CI: 1.202~1.496, P<0.001)可能增加NAFLD的发病风险。
在调整BMI、T2D后的MVMR分析的4个模型(见图4)显示,HDL-C(OR=0.866, 95%CI: 0.775~0.967, P=0.011; OR=0.853, 95%CI: 0.763~0.952, P=0.005)可能降低NAFLD的发病风险,而TG(OR=1.234, 95%CI: 1.093~1.393, P=0.001; OR=1.317, 95%CI: 1.183~1.466, P<0.001; OR=1.212, 95%CI: 1.073~1.370, P=0.002; OR=1.283, 95%CI: 1.149~1.433, P<0.001)可能增加NAFLD的发病风险。
本研究利用欧洲人群的大样本GWAS汇总数据,运用单变量孟德尔随机化和多变量孟德尔随机化方法系统分析了LDL-C、HDL-C、TG、ApoA-I、ApoB五项血脂指标与NAFLD之间的因果关系。此前MR研究探讨了LDL-C、TC、TG与NAFLD之间的因果关系,并未发现因果关联[10],而本研究单变量MR发现TG是NAFLD的危险因素,并额外发现了HDL-C、ApoA-I是NAFLD的保护因素,这可能是因为本研究采用的GWAS汇总数据样本量更大,SNPs数量更多。 另外,本研究为探讨各脂质指标与NAFLD之间的独立关系采用了多变量MR,结果进一步支持了HDL-C和TG对NAFLD的因果效应。研究提示在高密度脂蛋白胆固醇或甘油三酯异常人群中开展NAFLD筛查以及生活方式干预可能是有益的。
既往观察性研究中血脂各指标与NAFLD之间的关系结果并不一致,一项针对中国人群的横断面研究仅发现HDL-C是NAFLD的独立保护因素(OR=0.35, 95%CI: 0.16~0.76)[5],而另一项更大的纳入110 626名体检人群的横断面研究发现高TG(OR=2.77, 95%CI: 2.67~2.89)、低HDL-C(OR=1.64, 95%CI: 1.51~1.79)、高LDL-C(OR=1.35, 95%CI: 1.28~1.43)可能会增加NAFLD的发生风险[6]。在分层分析中,一项包含2 058名参加体检项目人群的横断面研究中观察到仅高甘油三酯是非肥胖人群NAFLD的独立危险因素(OR=1.701, 95% CI: 1.085~2.666)[26],而另一项回顾性研究发现仅TG与NAFLD显著相关(z =7.791, P<0.001),而在对BMI进行分层分析后发现低HDL-C是超重和肥胖人群患者NAFLD的危险因素(z=-2.794, P=0.005),高LDL-C增加了非肥胖人群发生NAFLD的风险(z=2.985, P=0.003)[27]。虽然高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和甘油三酯与NAFLD关系的机制仍尚不清楚,但是目前多条证据支持了起源于两次打击假说[28]的脂毒性模型,即甘油三酯通过促进脂毒素如游离脂肪酸、溶血磷脂酸、溶血磷脂酰胆碱等的产生间接促进肝细胞损伤[29],本研究的结果也支持了这一观点。总体而言,以上观察性研究基本与本研究结果一致。
本研究具有以下优点:(1)本研究建立了更严格的标准来筛选工具变量,使用了多种因果效应估计方法相互验证,一致效应表明了结果的稳健性;(2)为了提高估计的准确性,本研究使用了多变量孟德尔随机化方法并考虑到了BMI及T2D的混杂影响。
同时本研究也存在局限性:(1)本研究使用的GWAS数据仅包括欧洲人群,故研究结果推至其他人群存在局限性;(2)NAFLD有多种亚型,亚型分析的结果是否与本研究一致还需要进一步的探索。
综上,本研究通过单变量及多变量孟德尔随机化分析,支持HDL-C是NAFLD的保护因素,而TG是NAFLD的危险因素。在高密度脂蛋白胆固醇及甘油三酯人群异常人群中开展NAFLD的早期筛查和早期干预,可以降低NAFLD的疾病负担。[HJ60x]
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2024年第51卷第12期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202309532
  • 接收时间:2023-09-28
  • 首发时间:2026-03-17
  • 出版时间:2024-06-25
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    四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院,四川 成都 610041

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
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