Article(id=1240651440373429137, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240651438955754377, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202402041, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1706889600000, receivedDateStr=2024-02-03, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773723953574, onlineDateStr=2026-03-17, pubDate=1719244800000, pubDateStr=2024-06-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773723953574, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773723953574, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773723953574, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240651438955754377, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='12', pageStart='2113', pageEnd='2912', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773723953236, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773723953236, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2270, endPage=2276, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240651440591532948, articleId=1240651440373429137, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Trends in wasting and overweight obesity among Han Chinese university students, 2000-2019, columnId=1228016573156360233, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Disease Control and Prevention, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To analyse the current situation and trends of wasting and overweight obesity among Han Chinese college students from 2000 to 2019, and to provide a basis for the prevention of wasting and overweight obesity among college students.

Methods

The body mass index data of 72 983 Han Chinese college students were selected from five national surveys on students’ physical fitness and health from 2000 to 2019, and the “height-standard weight method” used in the 1985 national survey on physical fitness and health was used to screen for emaciation and overweight-obesity, and the detection rate, increase and annual growth rate of emaciation and overweight-obesity were calculated for college students by gender and age. The detection rate, increase rate and annual growth rate of college students were calculated by gender and age. Statistical analyses were performed using one-way ANOVA, sample-weighted linear regression, χ2 test and χ2 trend test.

Results

From 2000 to 2019, the BMI of Chinese Han college students all showed a continuous increasing trend, with different growth rates for male and female students in each age group (except for the female group, the P-trend value for male students in each age group was <0.05). Both male and female students' wasting detection rates showed a decreasing trend from 2014-2019.From 2000 to 2019, the overweight and obesity rate of Chinese Han college students continued to increase, and the overweight and obesity rate of male students was higher than that of female students.From 2000 to 2019, the wasting of Chinese Han college students aged 19 to 22 years old The annual growth rate of overweight and obesity of male students has been decreasing, and the annual growth rate of overweight and obesity of male students has been increasing, and the difference in the increase of the annual growth rate of overweight and obesity of male students in each age group is relatively small. 2010-2019, the annual growth rate of overweight and obesity of female students began to increase gradually, and the increase was the largest in 2014-2019, and the increase was the most obvious The largest increase in the annual growth rate of overweight obesity among female students was observed in the age group of 22 years.

Conclusion

At 2019, the trend of the growth of college students' wasting rate has been alleviated, but the overweight and obesity rate is in a continuous growth trend, the relevant government departments should formulate targeted physical health policies to prevent and alleviate the problem of college students’ overweight and obesity.

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目的

分析2000—2019年中国汉族大学生消瘦、超重肥胖现状及变化趋势,为预防大学生消瘦、超重肥胖提供依据。

方法

选取2000—2019年5次全国学生体质与健康调研中72 983名汉族大学生体质指数数据,使用1985年全国体质健康调研工作中的“身高标准体重法”筛查消瘦以及超重肥胖,分性别、年龄计算大学生的消瘦和超重肥胖检出率、增幅与年增长率,统计分析使用单因素方差分析、样本加权线性回归、χ2检验和χ2趋势性检验。

结果

2000—2019年,中国汉族大学生BMI均呈持续增加趋势,各年龄组男女生增速不一(除女生组外,各年龄组男生P-trend值均<0.05)。男女生消瘦检出率在2014—2019年时,均呈下降趋势。2000—2019年,中国汉族大学生超重肥胖率不断上升,男生超重肥胖率高于女生。2000—2019年中国19~22岁汉族大学生消瘦年增长率总体水平不断下降,男生超重肥胖年增长率均呈上升趋势,各年龄组男生超重肥胖年增长率增加幅度差异较小。2010—2019年时,女生超重肥胖年增长率开始逐步上升,2014—2019年时增加幅度最大,上升最为明显,22岁年龄组女生超重肥胖年增长率增加幅度最大。

结论

2019年时,大学生消瘦率增长的趋势已经得到缓解,但超重肥胖率呈持续增长的趋势,相关政府部门应制定具有针对性的体质健康政策来预防和缓解大学生超重肥胖问题。

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阿力木江·依米提·塔尔肯,E-mail:
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张帅(1998—),男,硕士在读,主要研究方向:儿童青少年体质健康

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Social cognitive theory of personality[M]. 2nd ed.NewYork: The Guilford Press, 1999., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1240651443762426875, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651440373429137, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240651443766621182, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651440373429137, companyId=1240651443762426875, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Physical Education and Sport, Xinjiang Normal, University Urumqi, Xinjiang 830053, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240651443783398398, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651440373429137, companyId=1240651443762426875, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=新疆师范大学 体育学院,新疆维吾尔自治区 乌鲁木齐 830053)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1240651445490479266, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651440373429137, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Detection of wasting among Chinese Han college students of different ages, 2000-2019, figureFileSmall=4gLEz5C+mKT+kMwHHM59Uw==, figureFileBig=kR9m4gVwbor7h4pIKKcsfw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240651445658251438, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651440373429137, language=CN, label=图1, caption=2000—2019 年中国汉族不同年龄大学生消瘦检出情况, figureFileSmall=4gLEz5C+mKT+kMwHHM59Uw==, figureFileBig=kR9m4gVwbor7h4pIKKcsfw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240651445897326782, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651440373429137, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Detection of overweight and obesity among Chinese Han college students of different ages, 2000-2019, figureFileSmall=5bi7pgXp7FwTQtu44iiwHg==, figureFileBig=Okh8J8MWp1ZsEv5+V82wJg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240651445993795783, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651440373429137, language=CN, label=图2, caption=2000—2019 年中国汉族不同年龄大学生超重肥胖检出情况, figureFileSmall=5bi7pgXp7FwTQtu44iiwHg==, figureFileBig=Okh8J8MWp1ZsEv5+V82wJg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240651446090264781, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651440373429137, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Annual value-added of wasting and overweight obesity detection rate among Chinese Han Chinese college students aged 19-22 years, 2000-2019, figureFileSmall=CccwamOwk7d1zIZ8fT6Ibw==, figureFileBig=BlJY+PQ9kcLZiA6C/DocFQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240651446186733782, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651440373429137, language=CN, label=图3, caption=2000—2019 年中国汉族19~22岁大学生消瘦及超重肥胖检出率年增值, figureFileSmall=CccwamOwk7d1zIZ8fT6Ibw==, figureFileBig=BlJY+PQ9kcLZiA6C/DocFQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240651446304174308, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651440373429137, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Age and gender distribution of Chinese Han university students aged 19 to 22, 2000-2019

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年龄(岁)χ2P
2000年2005年2010年2014年2019年2000年2005年2010年2014年2019年
192 0301 9461 4831 4281 1062 4872 7222 2382 1641 768253.9460.000
201 7401 7371 3711 3301 1122 4372 7702 3642 1231 836253.6590.000
211 7671 6251 2511 2029762 3322 7152 3662 2101 886364.2540.000
221 3321 3511 1569938161 9692 6202 4242 1751 625820.0810.000
合计6 8696 6595 2614 9534 0109 22510 8279 3928 6727 1151 392.2170.000
), ArticleFig(id=1240651447847678193, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651440373429137, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

2000—2019 年中国汉族 19~22岁大学生年龄和性别分布表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年龄(岁)χ2P
2000年2005年2010年2014年2019年2000年2005年2010年2014年2019年
192 0301 9461 4831 4281 1062 4872 7222 2382 1641 768253.9460.000
201 7401 7371 3711 3301 1122 4372 7702 3642 1231 836253.6590.000
211 7671 6251 2511 2029762 3322 7152 3662 2101 886364.2540.000
221 3321 3511 1569938161 9692 6202 4242 1751 625820.0810.000
合计6 8696 6595 2614 9534 0109 22510 8279 3928 6727 1151 392.2170.000
), ArticleFig(id=1240651447977701629, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651440373429137, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Trends in physical fitness index of Chinese Han university students of different sexes and ages, 2000-2019(n=130 406,)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年龄(岁)P-trend值
2000年2005年2010年2014年2019年
1920.57±2.6120.76±2.65b21.09±2.91b21.32±3.05b22.12±3.73b<0.05
2020.63±2.3420.83±2.63b21.15±2.86b21.45±3.08b22.19±3.70b<0.05
2120.68±2.5220.96±2.59b21.28±2.78b21.62±3.04b22.40±3.70b<0.05
2220.87±2.3921.09±2.65b21.44±2.84b21.84±3.03b22.50±3.67b<0.05
年龄(岁)P-trend值
2000年2005年2010年2014年2019年
1920.27±2.2520.24±2.2720.22±2.2720.41±2.48b20.86±2.97b>0.05
2020.18±2.1320.20±2.2420.09±2.2920.38±2.45b20.85±3.03b>0.05
2120.24±2.2820.12±2.23a20.10±2.6020.34±2.50b20.76±2.97b>0.05
2220.23±2.2220.00±2.15b20.01±2.2120.30±2.39b20.86±3.04b>0.05
), ArticleFig(id=1240651448099336456, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651440373429137, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

2000—2019 年中国汉族不同性别和年龄大学生体质指数变化趋势(n=130 406,)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年龄(岁)P-trend值
2000年2005年2010年2014年2019年
1920.57±2.6120.76±2.65b21.09±2.91b21.32±3.05b22.12±3.73b<0.05
2020.63±2.3420.83±2.63b21.15±2.86b21.45±3.08b22.19±3.70b<0.05
2120.68±2.5220.96±2.59b21.28±2.78b21.62±3.04b22.40±3.70b<0.05
2220.87±2.3921.09±2.65b21.44±2.84b21.84±3.03b22.50±3.67b<0.05
年龄(岁)P-trend值
2000年2005年2010年2014年2019年
1920.27±2.2520.24±2.2720.22±2.2720.41±2.48b20.86±2.97b>0.05
2020.18±2.1320.20±2.2420.09±2.2920.38±2.45b20.85±3.03b>0.05
2120.24±2.2820.12±2.23a20.10±2.6020.34±2.50b20.76±2.97b>0.05
2220.23±2.2220.00±2.15b20.01±2.2120.30±2.39b20.86±3.04b>0.05
), ArticleFig(id=1240651448204194064, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651440373429137, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Detection of wasting in Chinese Han Chinese college students aged 19-22 years, 2000-2019[nr/%)]

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性别年龄(岁)2000年2005年2010年2014年2019年χ2线性趋势值P
192 030(29.99)1 946(26.22)b1 483(24.90)1 428(24.02)1 106(20.27)b407.432≤0.001
201 740(26.08)1 737(23.59)b1 371(22.99)1 330(22.37)1 112(19.67)b374.998≤0.001
211 767(25.83)1 625(22.58)b1 251(20.99)a1 202(20.14)976(17.57)b645.801≤0.001
221 332(22.35)1 351(20.79)a1 156(19.76)993(17.02)b816(16.37)869.425≤0.001
19~226 869(26.06)6 659(23.30)b5 261(22.16)b4 953(20.89)b4 010(18.47)b304.657≤0.001
χ296.88160.77852.76897.89223.897
P≤0.001≤0.001≤0.001≤0.001≤0.001
192 487(36.57)2 722(35.66)2 238(37.47)a2 164(36.12)1 768(31.63)b113.089≤0.001
202 437(37.18)2 770(37.19)2 364(39.56)a2 123(35.49)b1 836(32.10)b74.082≤0.001
212 332(37.39)2 715(38.50)2 366(39.59)2 210(36.91)a1 886(33.58)b101.014≤0.001
221 969(36.92)2 620(40.25)b2 424(41.35)2 175(37.07)b1 625(32.50)b147.636≤0.001
19~229 225(37.02)10 827(37.90)9 392(39.50)b8 672(36.40)b7 115(32.45)b407.426≤0.001
χ21.01334.12218.8194.2045.339
P<0.05≤0.001≤0.001<0.05<0.01
合计194 517(33.28)4 668(30.94)b3 721(31.19)3 592(30.07)2 874(25.95)b231.331≤0.001
204 177(31.63)4 507(30.39)a3 735(31.28)3 453(28.93)b2 948(25.89)b187.091≤0.001
214 099(31.61)4 340(30.54)3 617(30.29)3 412(28.53)a2 862(25.58)b301.091≤0.001
223 301(29.64)3 971(30.52)a3 580(30.56)3 168(27.05)b2 441(24.44)b364.976≤0.001
19~2216 094(31.54)17 486(30.60)a14 653(30.83)13 625(28.65)b11 125(25.46)b1 060.198≤0.001
χ247.4991.5793.85826.8688.515
P<0.01<0.05<0.05<0.01<0.01
), ArticleFig(id=1240651448296468761, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651440373429137, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

2000—2019 年中国汉族19~22岁大学生消瘦检出情况[nr/%)]

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性别年龄(岁)2000年2005年2010年2014年2019年χ2线性趋势值P
192 030(29.99)1 946(26.22)b1 483(24.90)1 428(24.02)1 106(20.27)b407.432≤0.001
201 740(26.08)1 737(23.59)b1 371(22.99)1 330(22.37)1 112(19.67)b374.998≤0.001
211 767(25.83)1 625(22.58)b1 251(20.99)a1 202(20.14)976(17.57)b645.801≤0.001
221 332(22.35)1 351(20.79)a1 156(19.76)993(17.02)b816(16.37)869.425≤0.001
19~226 869(26.06)6 659(23.30)b5 261(22.16)b4 953(20.89)b4 010(18.47)b304.657≤0.001
χ296.88160.77852.76897.89223.897
P≤0.001≤0.001≤0.001≤0.001≤0.001
192 487(36.57)2 722(35.66)2 238(37.47)a2 164(36.12)1 768(31.63)b113.089≤0.001
202 437(37.18)2 770(37.19)2 364(39.56)a2 123(35.49)b1 836(32.10)b74.082≤0.001
212 332(37.39)2 715(38.50)2 366(39.59)2 210(36.91)a1 886(33.58)b101.014≤0.001
221 969(36.92)2 620(40.25)b2 424(41.35)2 175(37.07)b1 625(32.50)b147.636≤0.001
19~229 225(37.02)10 827(37.90)9 392(39.50)b8 672(36.40)b7 115(32.45)b407.426≤0.001
χ21.01334.12218.8194.2045.339
P<0.05≤0.001≤0.001<0.05<0.01
合计194 517(33.28)4 668(30.94)b3 721(31.19)3 592(30.07)2 874(25.95)b231.331≤0.001
204 177(31.63)4 507(30.39)a3 735(31.28)3 453(28.93)b2 948(25.89)b187.091≤0.001
214 099(31.61)4 340(30.54)3 617(30.29)3 412(28.53)a2 862(25.58)b301.091≤0.001
223 301(29.64)3 971(30.52)a3 580(30.56)3 168(27.05)b2 441(24.44)b364.976≤0.001
19~2216 094(31.54)17 486(30.60)a14 653(30.83)13 625(28.65)b11 125(25.46)b1 060.198≤0.001
χ247.4991.5793.85826.8688.515
P<0.01<0.05<0.05<0.01<0.01
), ArticleFig(id=1240651448430686503, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651440373429137, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Detection of overweight and obesity in Chinese Han Chinese college students aged 19-22 years, 2000-2019[nr/%)]

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性别年龄(岁)2000年2005年2010年2014年2019年χ2线性趋势值P
19799(11.80)1 014(13.66)a1 150(19.31)b1 357(22.82)b1 700(31.15)b3 862.534≤0.001
20720(10.79)1 063(14.43)b1 093(18.33)b1 399(23.54)b1 808(31.97)b4 217.183≤0.001
21801(11.71)1 086(15.09)b1 198(20.10)b1 527(25.59)b1 912(34.41)b4 582.353≤0.001
22781(13.10)1 077(16.57)b1 247(21.31)b1 623(27.82)b1 758(35.26)b4 182.935≤0.001
19~223 101(11.85)4 240(14.94)b4 688(19.76)b5 906(24.94)b7 178(33.20)b16 844.300≤0.001
χ216.21024.66717.73947.70927.338
P<0.01≤0.001≤0.001≤0.001≤0.001
19427(6.28)519(6.80)436(7.30)564(9.41)b797(14.26)b654.011≤0.001
20387(5.90)508(6.81)a392(6.56)584(9.76)b795(13.90)b674.605≤0.001
21366(5.87)448(6.35)388(6.49)533(8.90)b741(13.20)b558.938≤0.001
22320(6.00)321(4.93)a347(5.92)503(8.57)b701(14.02)b571.603≤0.001
19~221 500(6.01)1 796(6.22)1 563(6.57)a2 184(9.16)b3 034(13.85)b2 433.153≤0.001
χ21.23227.4079.2615.9552.933
P<0.01≤0.001<0.01<0.05<0.01
合计191 226(9.04)1 533(10.23)a1 586(13.31)b1 921(16.12)b2 497(22.71)b3 367.682≤0.001
201 107(8.35)1 571(10.62)b1 485(12.45)b1 983(16.65)b2 603(22.94)b3 659.159≤0.001
211 167(8.79)1 534(10.72)b1 586(13.30)b2 060(17.25)b2 653(23.81)b3 926.383≤0.001
221 101(9.55)1 398(10.75)a1 594(13.62)b2 126(18.20)b2 459(24.64)b3 303.132≤0.001
19~224 601(8.93)6 036(10.58)b6 251(13.17)b8 090(17.05)b10 212(23.53)b14 049.584≤0.001
χ214.2513.3937.83219.92114.652
P<0.01<0.01<0.01≤0.001<0.01
), ArticleFig(id=1240651448548127022, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651440373429137, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

2000—2019 年中国汉族19~22岁大学生超重肥胖检出情况[nr/%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
性别年龄(岁)2000年2005年2010年2014年2019年χ2线性趋势值P
19799(11.80)1 014(13.66)a1 150(19.31)b1 357(22.82)b1 700(31.15)b3 862.534≤0.001
20720(10.79)1 063(14.43)b1 093(18.33)b1 399(23.54)b1 808(31.97)b4 217.183≤0.001
21801(11.71)1 086(15.09)b1 198(20.10)b1 527(25.59)b1 912(34.41)b4 582.353≤0.001
22781(13.10)1 077(16.57)b1 247(21.31)b1 623(27.82)b1 758(35.26)b4 182.935≤0.001
19~223 101(11.85)4 240(14.94)b4 688(19.76)b5 906(24.94)b7 178(33.20)b16 844.300≤0.001
χ216.21024.66717.73947.70927.338
P<0.01≤0.001≤0.001≤0.001≤0.001
19427(6.28)519(6.80)436(7.30)564(9.41)b797(14.26)b654.011≤0.001
20387(5.90)508(6.81)a392(6.56)584(9.76)b795(13.90)b674.605≤0.001
21366(5.87)448(6.35)388(6.49)533(8.90)b741(13.20)b558.938≤0.001
22320(6.00)321(4.93)a347(5.92)503(8.57)b701(14.02)b571.603≤0.001
19~221 500(6.01)1 796(6.22)1 563(6.57)a2 184(9.16)b3 034(13.85)b2 433.153≤0.001
χ21.23227.4079.2615.9552.933
P<0.01≤0.001<0.01<0.05<0.01
合计191 226(9.04)1 533(10.23)a1 586(13.31)b1 921(16.12)b2 497(22.71)b3 367.682≤0.001
201 107(8.35)1 571(10.62)b1 485(12.45)b1 983(16.65)b2 603(22.94)b3 659.159≤0.001
211 167(8.79)1 534(10.72)b1 586(13.30)b2 060(17.25)b2 653(23.81)b3 926.383≤0.001
221 101(9.55)1 398(10.75)a1 594(13.62)b2 126(18.20)b2 459(24.64)b3 303.132≤0.001
19~224 601(8.93)6 036(10.58)b6 251(13.17)b8 090(17.05)b10 212(23.53)b14 049.584≤0.001
χ214.2513.3937.83219.92114.652
P<0.01<0.01<0.01≤0.001<0.01
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2000—2019年中国汉族大学生消瘦及超重肥胖的变化趋势
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张帅 , 李成跃 , 阿力木江·依米提·塔尔肯
现代预防医学 | 疾病预防控制 2024,51(12): 2270-2276
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现代预防医学 | 疾病预防控制 2024, 51(12): 2270-2276
2000—2019年中国汉族大学生消瘦及超重肥胖的变化趋势
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张帅, 李成跃, 阿力木江·依米提·塔尔肯
作者信息
  • 新疆师范大学 体育学院,新疆维吾尔自治区 乌鲁木齐 830053
  • 张帅(1998—),男,硕士在读,主要研究方向:儿童青少年体质健康

通讯作者:

阿力木江·依米提·塔尔肯,E-mail:
Trends in wasting and overweight obesity among Han Chinese university students, 2000-2019
Shuai ZHANG, Cheng-yue LI, Alimujiang Yimiti Tarken
Affiliations
  • School of Physical Education and Sport, Xinjiang Normal, University Urumqi, Xinjiang 830053, China
出版时间: 2024-06-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202402041
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目的

分析2000—2019年中国汉族大学生消瘦、超重肥胖现状及变化趋势,为预防大学生消瘦、超重肥胖提供依据。

方法

选取2000—2019年5次全国学生体质与健康调研中72 983名汉族大学生体质指数数据,使用1985年全国体质健康调研工作中的“身高标准体重法”筛查消瘦以及超重肥胖,分性别、年龄计算大学生的消瘦和超重肥胖检出率、增幅与年增长率,统计分析使用单因素方差分析、样本加权线性回归、χ2检验和χ2趋势性检验。

结果

2000—2019年,中国汉族大学生BMI均呈持续增加趋势,各年龄组男女生增速不一(除女生组外,各年龄组男生P-trend值均<0.05)。男女生消瘦检出率在2014—2019年时,均呈下降趋势。2000—2019年,中国汉族大学生超重肥胖率不断上升,男生超重肥胖率高于女生。2000—2019年中国19~22岁汉族大学生消瘦年增长率总体水平不断下降,男生超重肥胖年增长率均呈上升趋势,各年龄组男生超重肥胖年增长率增加幅度差异较小。2010—2019年时,女生超重肥胖年增长率开始逐步上升,2014—2019年时增加幅度最大,上升最为明显,22岁年龄组女生超重肥胖年增长率增加幅度最大。

结论

2019年时,大学生消瘦率增长的趋势已经得到缓解,但超重肥胖率呈持续增长的趋势,相关政府部门应制定具有针对性的体质健康政策来预防和缓解大学生超重肥胖问题。

大学生  /  消瘦  /  超重肥胖  /  趋势
Objective

To analyse the current situation and trends of wasting and overweight obesity among Han Chinese college students from 2000 to 2019, and to provide a basis for the prevention of wasting and overweight obesity among college students.

Methods

The body mass index data of 72 983 Han Chinese college students were selected from five national surveys on students’ physical fitness and health from 2000 to 2019, and the “height-standard weight method” used in the 1985 national survey on physical fitness and health was used to screen for emaciation and overweight-obesity, and the detection rate, increase and annual growth rate of emaciation and overweight-obesity were calculated for college students by gender and age. The detection rate, increase rate and annual growth rate of college students were calculated by gender and age. Statistical analyses were performed using one-way ANOVA, sample-weighted linear regression, χ2 test and χ2 trend test.

Results

From 2000 to 2019, the BMI of Chinese Han college students all showed a continuous increasing trend, with different growth rates for male and female students in each age group (except for the female group, the P-trend value for male students in each age group was <0.05). Both male and female students' wasting detection rates showed a decreasing trend from 2014-2019.From 2000 to 2019, the overweight and obesity rate of Chinese Han college students continued to increase, and the overweight and obesity rate of male students was higher than that of female students.From 2000 to 2019, the wasting of Chinese Han college students aged 19 to 22 years old The annual growth rate of overweight and obesity of male students has been decreasing, and the annual growth rate of overweight and obesity of male students has been increasing, and the difference in the increase of the annual growth rate of overweight and obesity of male students in each age group is relatively small. 2010-2019, the annual growth rate of overweight and obesity of female students began to increase gradually, and the increase was the largest in 2014-2019, and the increase was the most obvious The largest increase in the annual growth rate of overweight obesity among female students was observed in the age group of 22 years.

Conclusion

At 2019, the trend of the growth of college students' wasting rate has been alleviated, but the overweight and obesity rate is in a continuous growth trend, the relevant government departments should formulate targeted physical health policies to prevent and alleviate the problem of college students’ overweight and obesity.

College students  /  Wasting  /  Overweight obesity  /  Trends
张帅, 李成跃, 阿力木江·依米提·塔尔肯. 2000—2019年中国汉族大学生消瘦及超重肥胖的变化趋势. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (12) : 2270 -2276 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202402041
Shuai ZHANG, Cheng-yue LI, Alimujiang Yimiti Tarken. Trends in wasting and overweight obesity among Han Chinese university students, 2000-2019[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (12) : 2270 -2276 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202402041
大学时期是青春期到成年期的过度时期[1],是大学生从青春期到成年早期的第一个重大转变也是大学生走向社会的最后阶段[2]。此外,大学生的身体健康不仅关乎个人自身和家庭和谐,还决定着社会发展和国家未来。因此,大学生的体质健康状况一直备受关注。近几十年来,中国社会发生了巨大的变化,包括城市化、经济发展、饮食结构的改变以及生活方式的调整。这些社会变革不仅对大学生的生活方式产生了影响,也对他们的体重状况产生影响[3]。相关研究表明,超重肥胖的发病率在18至29岁之间最高[4],且大学生比没有上大学的年轻人更容易发胖。同时,消瘦对大学生健康的影响也不容忽视。因此,本文利用2000—2019年中5次全国学生体质与健康调研中汉族大学生体质与健康调研数据[5-9],探讨2000年至2019年中国汉族大学生体重的变化趋势,以期为制定相关健康政策提供依据。
本文所使用的数据来源于2000年~2019年5次全国学生体质与健康调研中的19~22岁汉族大学生体侧数据[5-9],以班级为单位,按性别、年龄进行分组,1岁为一个年龄组,共8个年龄组。5次调研工作抽取的大学生总人数为72 983人;调查对象均为身体健康、无心、肺、肝、肾等重要脏器疾病或身体残疾、畸形的在读大学生。
本文按以1岁为一个年龄组进行分层,男女生均分为19岁、20岁、21岁、22岁4个年龄组。消瘦、超重肥胖的判定标准使用1985年全国体质健康调研中的身高标准体重法[10],以同等身高群体的第80百分位数体重(标准体重)作为参考,体重低于标准体重的40%~10%视为消瘦,超过标准体重10%~20%的视为超重肥胖。
使用Excel 2020录入数据,SPSS 25.0进行统计分析,定量数据使用()表示,以性别分层,各年龄组相邻年份间BMI的比较采用单因素方差分析,2000—2019年BMI的变化趋势检验使用样本加权线性回归,以BMI作为因变量,年份为自变量;使用χ2线性趋势检验对2000—2019年不同年龄组全人群、男女生消瘦、超重肥胖检出率的差异,χ2检验用来分析不同年份同一年龄组不同性别的构成比,分析全人群及不同性别组同一年份不同年龄组消瘦、超重肥胖检出率的差异以及不同年龄组相邻两年份间消瘦、超重肥胖检出率的差异。计算(或折合)不同年份各性别—年龄组检出率的年增长率(%)的公式为:
年增长率=(某年份检出率-前一年份检出率)/(某年份-前年份)×100%
采用双侧检验,检验水准α=0.05。使用GraPhpad prism 9.3.1软件绘制相关图表。
本研究共纳入5次全国学生体质健康调研中72 983名19~22岁的汉族大学生进行分析,其中,男生共27 752人,占比38.02%;女生共45 231人,占比61.98%。各年份不同性别构成比差异具有统计学意义(χ2=1 392.217,P值均≤0.001),这可能是由于各年份抽取的男女生人数占比不同所导致的。见表1
2000—2019年,中国汉族大学生BMI均呈持续增加趋势,各年龄组男女生增速不一(除女生组外,各年龄组男生P-trend值均<0.05);男女生BMI增幅分别为1.55~1.72、0.52~0.67。两年份间的比较,除2000—2005年女生19岁、20岁与2005—2010年的19~22岁年龄组外,其余年龄组男女生BMI平均值与前一年份的差异均具有统计学意义(P值均≤0.001)。从增速来看,2014—2019年的各年龄组男女生增速最大,男生增速为0.006 kg/(m2·年)~0.008 kg/(m2·年),女生增速为0.004 kg/(m2·年)~0.006 kg/(m2·年)。男女生在19岁时增速均达到最大,22岁时增速开始下降。见表2
19年间,中国汉族大学生消瘦检出率总体水平逐渐下降,女生消瘦检出率总体水平比男生低。男女生消瘦检出率在2014—2019年时,分别下降至-0.75%、-0.54%、-0.51%、-0.13%、-0.9%、-0.68%、-0.67%、-0.91%。全人群消瘦检出率从2000年31.54%下降至2019年25.46%(P值≤0.001)(表3),各年份全人群除2005年21岁、2010年19~22岁2014年19岁年龄组外,其余年龄组消瘦率与前一年份相比,差异均具有统计学意义。(P值均<0.05)。其中,在2014—2019年时,男女生消瘦率最低。男女生的消瘦率峰值年龄不同,男生消瘦率峰值发生在19岁,而女生在22岁时消瘦率最高(图1)。
2000—2019年,中国汉族大学生超重肥胖率不断上升,男生超重肥胖率高于女生。
2019年时,19~22岁男生超重肥胖检出率为1.67%、1.69%、1.76%、1.49%;女生:0.97%、0.83%、0.86%、1.09%。全人群超重肥胖检出率从2000年8.93%上升至2019年23.53%(χ2线性趋势值14 049.584,P值≤0.001)(见表4),各年份全人群年龄组与前一年分相比,检出率差异均具有统计学意义(P值均≤0.001)。其中,男女生超重肥胖率峰值年龄不同,男生超重肥胖率峰值在22岁时达到最高,而女生则是19岁时达到最高。(图2
2000—2019年中国19~22岁汉族大学生消瘦年增长率总体水平不断下降,2014—2019年,19~22岁男女生消瘦年增长率分别为-0.75%、-0.54%、-0.51%、-0.13%、-0.9、-0.68%、-0.67%、-0.91%,其中,各年龄段男生消瘦年增长率在2000—2005年开始趋于稳定。女生亦是如此,但女生在2010—2019年间消瘦年增长率下降的幅度大于男生。各年龄组男女生间消瘦年增长率差异较小。男生超重肥胖年增长率在2000—2019年,男生超重肥胖年增长率均呈上升趋势,各年龄组男生超重肥胖年增长率增加幅度差异较小。增长趋势较为平稳,在此阶段中,部分年龄组甚至没有检测到超重肥胖年增长率的上升。女生则在2000—2005年时,超重肥胖年增长率持续增加。而后女生超重肥胖年增长率开始逐步上升,2014—2019年时增加幅度最大,上升最为明显,其中,22岁年龄组女生超重肥胖年增长率增加幅度最大(图3)。
大学时期是人生发展的关键时期[11]。近年来,其体质健康状况令人担忧,超重肥胖更是成为影响大学生身体健康的主要问题之一,同时,大学生的消瘦情况也不容忽视。
本文研究发现2000—2019年中国19~22岁汉族大学生BMI总体水平呈上升趋势,这与近年来的《全国青少年体质报告》显示的结果一致[12]。主要表现为大学生运动量逐年减少,肥胖率发生发展迅速,学生身高、体重、胸围迅速增加。其他国家的也报道了这一趋势[13-14]。大学生超重肥胖的影响因素有很多,久坐时长和视屏时长的增加会显著影响大学生的体质健康,从而导致超重肥胖[15]。其次,久坐时长和视屏时长的增加,导致大学生体力运动时长减少,不利于大学生的体质健康[16]。外卖也是大学生超重肥胖的影响因素之一,截止2020年,我国网上外卖用户规模超过4亿人[17],大学生是主要消费群体之一,64%的学生一周吃外卖超过三次,快餐便当、甜点下午茶订购频率较高[18]。在大学生中,19岁男女生BMI的增长速度最大,22岁时开始减少,这可能是因为大学生刚进入大学校园,面对新环境,生活习惯和作息以及饮食等发生改变,导致BMI的增长速度加快[19]。因此,在预防大学生超重肥胖时,应重点关注大一新生。
大学生的消瘦情况也不容忽视,2000—2019年中国汉族大学生消瘦检出率总体水平逐渐下降,这与近年的研究结果一致[20]。女生较低的消瘦率很可能是由于审美观念以及社会传统文化所导致的。虽然遗传因素在肥胖中起着重要作用,但审美观念的差异也会对体质产生影响,首先,相比男生,女生更注重自己的体型和形象,这使她们倾向于通过节食或锻炼保持苗条身材[21]。此外,根据班杜拉的社会认知理论,环境和文化是影响人们思考和行为的重要因素[22]。中国传统文化认为,女孩应该保持举止端庄[22],加之近年来,以“瘦”为美的审美观念,使女生更倾向于追求瘦弱的身材。总之,大学生的消瘦问题已经得到缓解,消瘦率变化趋势已经趋于稳定,超重肥胖的趋势更令人担忧,政府部门应出台具有针对性的体质健康政策,预防和缓解大学生超重肥胖不断增长的趋势。
局限性;首先,本文选择的研究对象是汉族大学生,而中国作为一个多民族国家,仅仅研究汉族大学生的消瘦、肥胖等,是不够全面的;其次,本研究没有对调查对象进行地域性的划分,即没有进行城市和农村的划分,城市和农村的经济发展、教育、饮食习惯等都有差异,因此,城市大学生和农村大学生的消瘦、超重、肥胖检出率也有所差异;未来的研究可以增加少数民族以及对研究对象进行划分,以使得大学生消瘦、超重、肥胖趋势的相关研究更加全面和客观。
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2024年第51卷第12期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202402041
  • 接收时间:2024-02-03
  • 首发时间:2026-03-17
  • 出版时间:2024-06-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-02-03
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    新疆师范大学 体育学院,新疆维吾尔自治区 乌鲁木齐 830053

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阿力木江·依米提·塔尔肯,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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