Article(id=1240651439903658574, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240651438955754377, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202403113, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1709740800000, receivedDateStr=2024-03-07, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773723953462, onlineDateStr=2026-03-17, pubDate=1719244800000, pubDateStr=2024-06-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773723953462, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773723953462, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773723953462, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240651438955754377, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='12', pageStart='2113', pageEnd='2912', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773723953236, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773723953236, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2228, endPage=2234, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240651440134345296, articleId=1240651439903658574, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Relationship between emotional intelligence and life satisfaction of postgraduate students: the chain mediation role of stress perception and loneliness, columnId=1228016572451718132, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Health and Social Behavior, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the relationship and mechanism of stress perception and loneliness among emotional intelligence and life satisfaction among master’s students, and to provide reference basis for promoting the mental health development of graduate students.

Methods

A total of 728 graduate students from 6 universities were selected by stratified cluster random sampling and investigated by emotional intelligence, loneliness, stress perception and life satisfaction scale. SPSS 25.0 was used to conduct independent sample t-tests, analysis of ANOVA, and Pearson correlation analysis on the data. A structural equation model was bulit by using AMOS 26.0 software and evaluated.

Results

Emotional intelligence was positively correlated with life satisfaction (r=0.423, P<0.01). There was a negative correlation between perceived stress and loneliness, life satisfaction, and emotional intelligence (r=-0.519, -0.440, -0.536, -0.505,P<0.01). There was a positive correlation between perceived stress and loneliness (r=0.568, P<0.01). Emotional intelligence can not only directly predict life satisfaction, but also indirectly through stress perception and loneliness. The mediation effect value of stress perception was 0.227 accounting for 42.5% of the total effect,and the mediation effect value of loneliness was 0.026, accounting for 4.9% of the total effect. The effect value of emotional intelligence and life satisfaction was 0.029, accounting for 5.4% of the total indirect effect.

Conclusion

Emotional intelligence can affect the life satisfaction of master’s students through the mediating or chain mediating effect of stress perception and loneliness, which provides a theoretical basis for improving the quality of life and mental health of master’s students.

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目的

探讨硕士研究生压力知觉、孤独感在情绪智力与生活满意度的关系和影响机制,为促进研究生心理健康发展提出参考依据。

方法

采用分层整群随机抽样抽取6所高校的728名统招硕士研究生作为研究对象,采用情绪智力、孤独感、压力知觉以及生活满意度量表进行问卷调查,运用SPSS 25.0对所收集的数据进行独立样本t检验、方差分析和Pearson相关分析,使用AMOS 26.0软件构建结构方程模型并进行评估。

结果

情绪智力与生活满意度呈正相关(r=0.423,P<0.01);压力知觉和孤独感与生活满意度和情绪智力之间均呈负相关(r=-0.519,-0.440,-0.536,-0.505,P<0.01);压力知觉与孤独感呈正相关(r=0.568,P<0.01)。情绪智力不仅可以直接预测生活满意度,也可以通过压力知觉和孤独感起间接预测作用。压力知觉的中介效应值为0.227,占总效应的42.5%;孤独感的中介效应值为0.026,占总效应的4.9%,压力知觉和孤独感在情绪智力与生活满意度的链式中介作用的效应值为0.029,占总间接效应5.4%。

结论

情绪智力可以通过压力知觉和孤独感的中介或链式中介作用影响研究生的生活满意度,为提高硕士研究生生活质量和心理健康水平提供了理论依据。

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曹煜,E-mail:
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杨婷(1998—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:公共卫生、疾病预防与控制

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Practical Preventive Medicine, 2023, 30(5): 553-557., articleTitle=A study on the correlation between resident emotional intelligence and depression,anxiety,and stress, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1240651448883663805, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651439903658574, awardId=黔发改规划 [2020] 522号, language=CN, fundingSource=贵州省“十四五”公共卫生体系建设规划项目(黔发改规划 [2020] 522号), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1240651448980132811, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651439903658574, awardId=黔大健康领 [2022] 1号, language=CN, fundingSource=贵州省大健康产业“十四五”发展规划(黔大健康领 [2022] 1号), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1240651441417802350, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651439903658574, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240651441426190959, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651439903658574, companyId=1240651441417802350, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Disease Surveillance, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 561113, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240651441430385264, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651439903658574, companyId=1240651441417802350, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.贵州医科大学公共卫生与健康学院,环境污染与疾病监控教育部重点实验室,贵州 贵阳 561113)]), AuthorCompany(id=1240651441510077042, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651439903658574, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240651441514271347, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651439903658574, companyId=1240651441510077042, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.贵州医科大学大健康研究院)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1240651446111228722, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651439903658574, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Hypothesis framework diagram of emotional intelligence, stress perception, loneliness, and life satisfaction for master’s, figureFileSmall=ZG4dQTiGwInbT/Axvfr2FQ==, figureFileBig=xHg/F1YrbWXe04zv5OU5fw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240651446190920506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651439903658574, language=CN, label=图1, caption=硕士研究生情绪智力、压力知觉、孤独感、生活满意度假设框架图, figureFileSmall=ZG4dQTiGwInbT/Axvfr2FQ==, figureFileBig=xHg/F1YrbWXe04zv5OU5fw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240651447860253529, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651439903658574, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Analysis of SEM model for mediation effect, figureFileSmall=DTFeGdz3tyzmFhjoVg23bw==, figureFileBig=jMlTUKxSXFvjNxx09ohbPA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240651447994471266, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651439903658574, language=CN, label=图2, caption=中介作用SEM模型分析图

注:e表示残差,即实际观察值与估计值(拟合)值之间的差异;GD表示孤独感量表条目;M表示生活满意度量表条目。

, figureFileSmall=DTFeGdz3tyzmFhjoVg23bw==, figureFileBig=jMlTUKxSXFvjNxx09ohbPA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240651448074163052, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651439903658574, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Comparison of scores on various scales for master’s students(score,

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目人数生活满意度情绪智力压力知觉孤独感
性别
26222.03±6.3377.70±18.9525.51±7.0143.92±9.15
46621.74±5.4278.14±13.5726.83±6.7743.18±8.66
t0.648-0.335-2.4941.088
P0.5170.7380.0130.277
年级
研一31022.01±5.7177.61±16.0525.94±6.5343.48±8.78
研二23221.81±5.8577.72±15.2426.83±7.1143.92±8.98
研三18621.61±5.7778.94±15.7426.45±7.1542.80±8.75
F0.2830.4661.1520.843
P0.7540.6270.3170.431
院校
a大学27621.55±5.5476.88±14.9427.03±6.8243.16±8.61
b大学15822.78±5.7980.94±15.2425.27±6.3943.39±9.06
c大学8120.37±5.6074.14±15.2527.17±6.6244.06±8.01
d大学5222.73±5.7576.81±18.3925.48±7.5445.25±9.77
e大学9322.60±6.2379.70±17.8825.51±7.6643.13±9.77
f大学6820.88±5.7278.71±13.8926.96±6.6143.06±8.13
F3.0352.7052.1180.622
P0.0100.0200.0610.683
专业类型
学术型31921.43±5.9076.37±16.6126.85±6.9143.58±8.64
专业型40922.17±5.6479.24±14.8725.96±6.8543.34±8.99
t-1.721-2.4521.7330.355
P0.0860.0140.0840.723
专业门类
文学与艺术5721.56±5.0476.58±16.1026.65±6.1543.65±7.74
经管法18122.62±5.7682.06±14.5925.53±7.1043.04±9.38
理工医40221.59±5.7377.03±15.3526.68±6.8443.47±8.70
其他8821.59±6.2974.88±17.8126.36±7.0244.03±9.07
F1.4615.9701.1990.269
P0.2240.0010.3090.848
家庭经济情况
很差4217.19±6.8972.23±23.1927.19±6.2447.45±9.70
较差11319.58±5.2574.16±15.1427.79±6.5346.11±8.61
一般51622.42±5.4378.56±14.5426.32±6.7843.00±8.45
较好4823.92±5.6785.75±15.6023.42±8.0439.04±9.96
很好927.67±5.4578.44±25.2722.22±7.9939.90±8.21
F17.8866.3624.4678.767
P<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001
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硕士研究生各量表得分比较(分,)

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项目人数生活满意度情绪智力压力知觉孤独感
性别
26222.03±6.3377.70±18.9525.51±7.0143.92±9.15
46621.74±5.4278.14±13.5726.83±6.7743.18±8.66
t0.648-0.335-2.4941.088
P0.5170.7380.0130.277
年级
研一31022.01±5.7177.61±16.0525.94±6.5343.48±8.78
研二23221.81±5.8577.72±15.2426.83±7.1143.92±8.98
研三18621.61±5.7778.94±15.7426.45±7.1542.80±8.75
F0.2830.4661.1520.843
P0.7540.6270.3170.431
院校
a大学27621.55±5.5476.88±14.9427.03±6.8243.16±8.61
b大学15822.78±5.7980.94±15.2425.27±6.3943.39±9.06
c大学8120.37±5.6074.14±15.2527.17±6.6244.06±8.01
d大学5222.73±5.7576.81±18.3925.48±7.5445.25±9.77
e大学9322.60±6.2379.70±17.8825.51±7.6643.13±9.77
f大学6820.88±5.7278.71±13.8926.96±6.6143.06±8.13
F3.0352.7052.1180.622
P0.0100.0200.0610.683
专业类型
学术型31921.43±5.9076.37±16.6126.85±6.9143.58±8.64
专业型40922.17±5.6479.24±14.8725.96±6.8543.34±8.99
t-1.721-2.4521.7330.355
P0.0860.0140.0840.723
专业门类
文学与艺术5721.56±5.0476.58±16.1026.65±6.1543.65±7.74
经管法18122.62±5.7682.06±14.5925.53±7.1043.04±9.38
理工医40221.59±5.7377.03±15.3526.68±6.8443.47±8.70
其他8821.59±6.2974.88±17.8126.36±7.0244.03±9.07
F1.4615.9701.1990.269
P0.2240.0010.3090.848
家庭经济情况
很差4217.19±6.8972.23±23.1927.19±6.2447.45±9.70
较差11319.58±5.2574.16±15.1427.79±6.5346.11±8.61
一般51622.42±5.4378.56±14.5426.32±6.7843.00±8.45
较好4823.92±5.6785.75±15.6023.42±8.0439.04±9.96
很好927.67±5.4578.44±25.2722.22±7.9939.90±8.21
F17.8866.3624.4678.767
P<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1240651448288072580, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651439903658574, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Correlation analysis of emotional intelligence, stress perception, loneliness, and life satisfaction among master’s students (r-value)

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项目生活满意度情绪智力压力知觉孤独感
生活满意度1.000
情绪智力0.423a1.000
压力知觉-0.519a-0.536a1.000
孤独感-0.440a-0.505a0.568a1.000
), ArticleFig(id=1240651448401318796, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651439903658574, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

硕士研究生情绪智力、压力知觉、孤独感与生活满意度的相关性分析(r值)

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项目生活满意度情绪智力压力知觉孤独感
生活满意度1.000
情绪智力0.423a1.000
压力知觉-0.519a-0.536a1.000
孤独感-0.440a-0.505a0.568a1.000
), ArticleFig(id=1240651448548119448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651439903658574, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Analysis of the mediating effects of perceived stress and loneliness on emotional intelligence and life satisfaction

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路径效应值(95%CI效应占比(%)
情绪智力→压力知觉→生活满意度0.227(0.159~0.312)42.5
情绪智力→孤独感→生活满意度0.026(0.003~0.066)4.9
情绪智力→压力知觉→孤独感→生活满意度0.029(0.003~0.060)5.4
直接效应0.253(0.106~0.390)47.4
总间接效应0.281(0.201~0.386)52.6
总效应0.534(0.432~0.644)
), ArticleFig(id=1240651448711697321, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240651439903658574, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

压力知觉、孤独感在情绪智力与生活满意度的中介效应分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
路径效应值(95%CI效应占比(%)
情绪智力→压力知觉→生活满意度0.227(0.159~0.312)42.5
情绪智力→孤独感→生活满意度0.026(0.003~0.066)4.9
情绪智力→压力知觉→孤独感→生活满意度0.029(0.003~0.060)5.4
直接效应0.253(0.106~0.390)47.4
总间接效应0.281(0.201~0.386)52.6
总效应0.534(0.432~0.644)
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硕士研究生情绪智力与生活满意度的关系:压力知觉与孤独感的链式中介作用
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杨婷 1 , 周戈耀 2 , 程远芬 1 , 陈思银 1 , 李丹 1 , 杨娟华 1 , 曹煜 1, 2
现代预防医学 | 健康与社会行为 2024,51(12): 2228-2234
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现代预防医学 | 健康与社会行为 2024, 51(12): 2228-2234
硕士研究生情绪智力与生活满意度的关系:压力知觉与孤独感的链式中介作用
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杨婷1, 周戈耀2, 程远芬1, 陈思银1, 李丹1, 杨娟华1, 曹煜1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.贵州医科大学公共卫生与健康学院,环境污染与疾病监控教育部重点实验室,贵州 贵阳 561113
  • 2.贵州医科大学大健康研究院
  • 杨婷(1998—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:公共卫生、疾病预防与控制

通讯作者:

曹煜,E-mail:
Relationship between emotional intelligence and life satisfaction of postgraduate students: the chain mediation role of stress perception and loneliness
Ting YANG1, Ge-yao ZHOU2, Yuan-fen CHENG1, Si-yin CHEN1, Dan LI1, Juan-hua YANG1, Yu CAO1, 2
Affiliations
  • School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Disease Surveillance, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 561113, China
出版时间: 2024-06-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202403113
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目的

探讨硕士研究生压力知觉、孤独感在情绪智力与生活满意度的关系和影响机制,为促进研究生心理健康发展提出参考依据。

方法

采用分层整群随机抽样抽取6所高校的728名统招硕士研究生作为研究对象,采用情绪智力、孤独感、压力知觉以及生活满意度量表进行问卷调查,运用SPSS 25.0对所收集的数据进行独立样本t检验、方差分析和Pearson相关分析,使用AMOS 26.0软件构建结构方程模型并进行评估。

结果

情绪智力与生活满意度呈正相关(r=0.423,P<0.01);压力知觉和孤独感与生活满意度和情绪智力之间均呈负相关(r=-0.519,-0.440,-0.536,-0.505,P<0.01);压力知觉与孤独感呈正相关(r=0.568,P<0.01)。情绪智力不仅可以直接预测生活满意度,也可以通过压力知觉和孤独感起间接预测作用。压力知觉的中介效应值为0.227,占总效应的42.5%;孤独感的中介效应值为0.026,占总效应的4.9%,压力知觉和孤独感在情绪智力与生活满意度的链式中介作用的效应值为0.029,占总间接效应5.4%。

结论

情绪智力可以通过压力知觉和孤独感的中介或链式中介作用影响研究生的生活满意度,为提高硕士研究生生活质量和心理健康水平提供了理论依据。

情绪智力  /  压力知觉  /  孤独感  /  生活满意度  /  硕士研究生
Objective

To explore the relationship and mechanism of stress perception and loneliness among emotional intelligence and life satisfaction among master’s students, and to provide reference basis for promoting the mental health development of graduate students.

Methods

A total of 728 graduate students from 6 universities were selected by stratified cluster random sampling and investigated by emotional intelligence, loneliness, stress perception and life satisfaction scale. SPSS 25.0 was used to conduct independent sample t-tests, analysis of ANOVA, and Pearson correlation analysis on the data. A structural equation model was bulit by using AMOS 26.0 software and evaluated.

Results

Emotional intelligence was positively correlated with life satisfaction (r=0.423, P<0.01). There was a negative correlation between perceived stress and loneliness, life satisfaction, and emotional intelligence (r=-0.519, -0.440, -0.536, -0.505,P<0.01). There was a positive correlation between perceived stress and loneliness (r=0.568, P<0.01). Emotional intelligence can not only directly predict life satisfaction, but also indirectly through stress perception and loneliness. The mediation effect value of stress perception was 0.227 accounting for 42.5% of the total effect,and the mediation effect value of loneliness was 0.026, accounting for 4.9% of the total effect. The effect value of emotional intelligence and life satisfaction was 0.029, accounting for 5.4% of the total indirect effect.

Conclusion

Emotional intelligence can affect the life satisfaction of master’s students through the mediating or chain mediating effect of stress perception and loneliness, which provides a theoretical basis for improving the quality of life and mental health of master’s students.

Emotional intelligence  /  Stress perception  /  Loneliness  /  Life satisfaction  /  Postgraduate
杨婷, 周戈耀, 程远芬, 陈思银, 李丹, 杨娟华, 曹煜. 硕士研究生情绪智力与生活满意度的关系:压力知觉与孤独感的链式中介作用. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (12) : 2228 -2234 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202403113
Ting YANG, Ge-yao ZHOU, Yuan-fen CHENG, Si-yin CHEN, Dan LI, Juan-hua YANG, Yu CAO. Relationship between emotional intelligence and life satisfaction of postgraduate students: the chain mediation role of stress perception and loneliness[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (12) : 2228 -2234 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202403113
近年来研究生群体焦虑、抑郁、自杀等现象频频发生[1],其心理健康问题受到社会的广泛关注。情绪智力作为个体对自身和他人情绪的知觉、分析和处理,并利用获得的情绪信息来调控认知、情绪和行为的能力[2],对于个体身心健康发展和生活品质的提高具有重要意义。已有研究表明情绪智力正向预测生活满意度[3],情绪智力水平较高的个体能够管理、评估和控制自己的情绪反应以适应环境变化,缓解压力性事件给个体带来的冲击,使个体保持积极、冷静的态度,从而提高生活满意度[4-5]。压力知觉作为个体在受到外部环境刺激时认知系统所产生的主观感受。侯琬玥、温兴盛等[6-7]研究表明了压力知觉与情绪智力、生活满意度分别呈负相关,当人们承受过大的压力时,可能导致精神紧张、冲动易怒等情绪问题,影响个体的人际关系和心理健康水平,导致情绪智力和生活满意度均降低。另外,孤独感是个体在面对某些事物或情景时,主观判断自身被孤立或排斥时的一种感受。大量研究发现情绪智力与孤独感呈负相关,情绪智力较低的个体会体验到较高的孤独感,且生活满意度也越低[8-9]。此外,压力知觉和孤独感均是生活满意度和情绪智力的危险因素,两者之间具有共病率并且是互相影响的[10],个体知觉到较大压力时往往伴有较强的孤独感,承受的压力越大,孤独感体验越强烈,情绪智力水平越低,生活满意度体验越差[11]
因此,根据以往学者们对压力知觉、孤独感、情绪智力和生活满意度之间的研究发现,大多数集中在两个或三个变量之间,尚缺乏四个变量间的作用机制研究;且研究人群大多集中在大学生、青少年等,对于硕士研究生群体的研究较少[12]。本研究通过搭建结构方程模型考察压力知觉、孤独感、情绪智力、生活满意度之间的作用机制,提出促进研究生心理健康发展的建议,不仅有助于全社会了解研究生群体在这几方面的综合表现,还有利于高校找到缓解研究生压力的措施和改善生活质量的途径,提升学生心理健康水平。见图1
本次研究选取贵州省统招硕士研究生进行问卷调查。在具有硕士位点的高校中随机选取6所学校,采用分层整群随机抽样法,首先将研究对象以年级分为三层,随后在每层内随机抽取2-3个班级,最后以班级内所有研究生作为调查对象。以匿名填写方式,设置同一IP地址只能作答1次,并在调查前获得学生知情同意和贵州医科大学伦理审批【批号:2023207】。共发放问卷771份,剔除答题时间≤2min且所有量表题中80%及以上都是同一个答案或相同数字的无效问卷后,得到有效问卷728份,有效率为94.4%。其中男生262名(36.0%),女生466名(64.0%);研一310名(42.6%),研二232名(31.9%),研三186名(25.5%);学术型319名(43.8%),专业型409名(56.2%);城镇204名(28.0%),农村524名(72.0%)。
纳入标准:知情同意,且愿意参与本研究的贵州省全日制统招硕士研究生。
排除标准:(1)调查期间请假、办理休学或退学的学生;(2)患有精神或者躯体残疾以及其他原因导致不能参与者。
采用自编一般情况调查表收集各高校统招硕士研究生的基本资料,包括性别、年龄、院校、年级、学术类型、专业、独生子女、家庭类型及家庭经济情况、生源地。
采用杨廷忠等[13]修订的压力知觉量表,共14个题目2个维度。以5点计分法,从“从不”~“总是”分别赋值0~4分,其中失控感维度属于反向计分条目(4、5、6、7、9、10、13 题),其余条目属于紧张感维度。将反向条目分别进行正向赋值后计算总分,分数越高说明个体压力越大。在本研究中量表Cronbach α系数为0.811。
采用王叶飞等[14]修订的情绪智力量表,共16个条目,包括情绪评估、管理、运用和识别四个维度(每个维度4个条目)。以7点计分法,从“非常不符合”~“非常符合”分别赋值1~7分,总分16~112分,分数越高说明个体越能更准确地感知、评估和表达自己的情绪。在本研究中量表Cronbach α系数为0.938。
采用Diener等[15]编制的生活满意度量表共5个题目,以7点计分法,从“非常不赞成”~“非常赞成”分别赋值1~7分,得分越高说明生活满意度体验越好。在本研究中量表Cronbach α系数为0.896。
采用Russell等[16]于1978年编制而成的第三版孤独感量表,共20个题目,其中1、5、6、9、10、15、16、19、20题为反向计分项,以4点计分法,从“从不”~“一直”分别赋值1~4 分,分数越高说明孤独程度越高。本研究中该量表的Cronbach α系数为 0.886。
运用SPSS 25.0进行描述分析,计量资料以表示,组间资料采用独立样本t检验或方差分析,情绪智力、压力知觉、孤独感和生活满意度之间的关系采用Pearson相关分析。使用AMOS 26.0搭建结构方程模型,探讨变量间的链式中介作用,设定Bootstrap=5 000,95%CI值不包含0,说明中介效应显著[17]。检验水准α=0.05。
本研究的数据全部来源于自我报告量表进行的心理测量,可能存在共同方法偏差。通过Harman单因素检验法进行探索性因子分析[18],结果发现:共11个因子特征值大于1,第一个因子的解释变异量为26.43%(<40%),说明本研究不存在严重的共同方法偏差问题。
研究结果显示:硕士研究生的生活满意度、情绪智力分别为(21.84±5.76)、(77.98±15.71)分,处于中等水平;压力知觉为(26.35±6.88)分,处于正常压力水平;孤独感为(43.45±8.83)分,属于中等偏高孤独感。其中院校、家庭经济情况在生活满意度得分中存在显著差异;院校、专业类型、专业门类、家庭经济情况在情绪智力得分中存在显著差异;性别、家庭经济情况在压力知觉得分中存在显著差异,女生的压力高于男生;家庭经济情况在孤独感得分中存在显著差异(P<0.05)。见表1
相关分析结果可知,情绪智力与生活满意度呈正相关(r=0.423,P<0.001);压力知觉和孤独感与生活满意度均呈负相关(r=-0.519,-0.440,P<0.001);压力知觉和孤独感与情绪智力均呈负相关(r=-0.536,-0.505,P<0.001);压力知觉与孤独感呈正相关(r=0.568,P<0.001)。见表2
运用结构方程模型进行链式中介效应检验。置信区间估计采用Bootstrap(重复取样5 000次),如果95%CI不包含0,则认为中介效应显著。采用最大似然法进行模型拟合,通过修正后的模型拟合度指标均达到标准范围,拟合指数为χ2/df=2.774,RMSEA=0.049,CFI=0.965,IFI=0.947,TLI=0.971,模型拟合度较好。如图2所示,情绪智力负向预测压力知觉(β=-0.59,P<0.001),压力知觉正向预测孤独感(β=0.38,P<0.001),情绪智力负向预测孤独感(β=-0.21,P<0.001),孤独感负向预测生活满意度(β=-0.12,P<0.05),情绪智力正向预测生活满意度(β=0.23,P<0.001),压力知觉负向预测生活满意度(β=-0.35,P<0.001)。
结果可知,情绪智力对生活满意度的直接效应值为0.253,效应占比47.4%,直接效应显著;并且总间接效应为0.281,占总效应比52.6%,说明本研究各特定的中介效应和链式中介效应均成立。其中压力知觉的中介效应值为0.227,占总效应的42.5%;孤独感的中介效应值为0.026,占总效应的4.9%;压力知觉、孤独感在情绪智力与生活满意度的链式中介作用的效应值为0.029,占总间接效应5.4%。见表3
本研究发现,硕士研究生生活满意度为(21.84±5.76)分(参考范围1~35分),处于中等满意水平,在院校和家庭经济情况差异显著,与刘敏等人[19]研究结果一致。可能是在研究生阶段,他们拥有着高等教育环境与资源,较好的就业前景,更加广泛的人际关系网络和更为丰富的人际互动经验,所以生活满意度较好。通过相关分析显示,情绪智力与生活满意度呈正相关,与以往的研究结果一致[20]。情绪智力是一种复杂而重要的能力,是生活满意度的保护因素[21]。情绪智力越高的个体越能感知和理解他人情绪,能帮助个体在生活中遇到困难或挫折时,选择正确的应对方式,避免焦虑或沮丧,进而对自己的生活感到满意[22]。因此各大高校要重视对研究生情绪智力的培养,开设情绪智力相关课程,营造良好的校园文化氛围,建立导师团队的情绪智力培训机制,聘请情绪智力方面的专家、学者开展情绪智力讲座和研讨会等,通过多种途径培养学生的情绪智力,提高他们的心理素质和人际交往能力,提升研究生整体的生活满意度。
本研究探讨了压力知觉、孤独感对硕士研究生情绪智力与生活满意度关系的影响效应。结果显示,情绪智力能够通过压力知觉的部分中介作用影响生活满意度,与谢阳熙[23]研究结果一致。硕士研究生情绪智力水平越低,知觉到的压力会越大,个体在面临压力环境下的紧张感和失控感会越强,导致生活满意度降低。另外,情绪智力亦能通过孤独感的部分中介作用影响生活满意度,与以往研究结果一致[24],高情绪智力个体能够根据社交情景和他人情绪来做出恰当的行为反应,以建立和维护良好的社交关系,有效减少孤独感体验,进而生活满意度较高。此外,本研究验证了压力知觉和孤独感在情绪智力与生活满意度之间具有链式中介作用,即研究生情绪智力水平越低,承受压力就越大,孤独程度越高,生活满意度越低。研究表明,个体体验到强烈的孤独感时,往往是存在较大的压力[25]。较大的压力会影响个体的社交网络,进而导致焦虑、抑郁、孤独感体验增加,最后个体的生活满意度较低,长期以往会严重影响个体心理健康水平[26]。通过提高情绪智力能够有效缓解在家庭、社交、科研等多方面产生的压力,使自己有更多的机会去扩大社交圈,可能会结识更多的朋友,从而降低负性情绪[27];在满足了社交的需求的基础上,进而获得更好的生活体验。因此,孤独感、压力知觉在情绪智力与生活满意度之间是有着紧密的关联。因此高校在开展健康教育时,要对研究生的情绪智力、人际交往、为人处事等能力进行针对性培养,一方面,能够使个体拥有更加自信、开朗、活泼的心理状态,降低学生孤独感程度;另一方面,有助于降低各种压力,减少矛盾冲突,更好的觉察他人情绪和管理自己的情绪,提高研究生的生活满意度,促进个体的心理健康发展。
综上,本研究证实了压力知觉和孤独感在情绪智力与生活满意度关系中的单独中介作用以及链式中介作用,深化了人们关于情绪智力对生活满意度作用机制的认识,也丰富了该领域的相关研究。同时研究结果能够对高校以及相关机构产生一定的启示,为心理卫生从业人员和相关部门提供实证依据,以便相对应地调整并实施心理健康干预措施。本研究也存在以下不足:首先,本研究为横断面研究,因果关系推断受到限制,未来还需要进行前瞻性研究以确定因果关系;其次,所有调查对象来自同一个省份,代表性可能不足,研究结果的外推性受到限制,不能代表全部研究生。
  • 贵州省“十四五”公共卫生体系建设规划项目(黔发改规划 [2020] 522号)
  • 贵州省大健康产业“十四五”发展规划(黔大健康领 [2022] 1号)
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2024年第51卷第12期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202403113
  • 接收时间:2024-03-07
  • 首发时间:2026-03-17
  • 出版时间:2024-06-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-03-07
基金
贵州省“十四五”公共卫生体系建设规划项目(黔发改规划 [2020] 522号)
贵州省大健康产业“十四五”发展规划(黔大健康领 [2022] 1号)
作者信息
    1.贵州医科大学公共卫生与健康学院,环境污染与疾病监控教育部重点实验室,贵州 贵阳 561113
    2.贵州医科大学大健康研究院

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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