Article(id=1240633247785349329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240633237542851387, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202403405, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1711036800000, receivedDateStr=2024-03-22, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773719616123, onlineDateStr=2026-03-17, pubDate=1716566400000, pubDateStr=2024-05-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773719616123, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773719616123, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773719616123, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240633237542851387, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='10', pageStart='1729', pageEnd='1920', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773719613680, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773720039302, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1240635022806405370, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240633237542851387, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1240635022806405371, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240633237542851387, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1860, endPage=1864, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240633248112505071, articleId=1240633247785349329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Application evaluation of a recombinant antigen-based capture enzyme immunoassay in detection of recent HIV-1 infection among the sentinel surveillance population, Yunnan, China, columnId=1228016572065837304, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Experimental Technology and Applications, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the application value of a recombinant antigen-based capture enzyme immunoassay (RAg-CEIA) in detection of recent human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection in the sentinel surveillance population.

Methods

Among the HIV/AIDS sentinel surveillance population in Yunnan province in 2015, the confirmed HIV-1 antibodies positive plasma specimens matching the detection criteria for recent HIV-1 infection were tested by HIV-1 RAg-CEIA. The recent HIV-1 infection specimens were classified by the normalized optical density (ODn) values, and then the HIV-1 incidence in population were estimated. The detection and analysis data were compared with those by BED capture enzyme immunoassay (BED-CEIA) and limiting antigen avidity enzyme immunoassay (LAg-Avidity EIA), respectively.

Results

A total of 51 313 plasma specimens were tested for HIV antibodies, in which 1 255 specimens were HIV-1 antibodies positive. 253 out of 373 specimens matching the detection criteria for recent HIV-1 infection were tested by the 3 assays, respectively. By RAg-CEIA, BED-CEIA and LAg-Avidity EIA, 88, 78 and 54 specimens were classified as recent HIV-1 infections, and the HIV-1 incidence in the sentinel surveillance population was 0.33% (95%CI: 0.26%~0.39%), 0.31%(95%CI: 0.24%~0.38%) and 0.31% (95%CI: 0.22%~0.39%), respectively. The differences between the HIV-1 incidence by the 3 assays were not statistically significant (P=0.927). Among the sub-populations, the HIV-1 incidence in men who have sex with men (MSM) were 3.50% (95%CI: 2.48%~4.52%), 3.92% (95%CI: 2.76%~5.08%)and 4.17% (95%CI: 2.79%~5.55%), respectively. The differences between the HIV-1 incidence by the 3 assays were not statistically significant (P=0.763). The ODn values by RAg-CEIA were linear correlation with those by BED-CEIA (Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was 0.911), and those by LAg-Avidity EIA (Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was 0.755), respectively.

Conclusion

HIV-1 RAg-CEIA can be effectively used in classification of recent HIV-1 infections and estimation of HIV-1 incidence, indicating that this approach has a good application prospect in detection of recent HIV-1 infection.

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目的

探讨HIV-1重组抗原捕获酶联免疫试验(RAg-CEIA)在哨点监测人群HIV-1新发感染检测中的应用价值。

方法

针对云南省2015年艾滋病哨点监测人群,选择HIV-1抗体确证阳性血浆样本中符合新发感染检测标准的样本,使用HIV-1 RAg-CEIA进行检测。通过标准化光密度(ODn)值识别HIV-1新近感染者,再估算人群的HIV-1新发感染率,比较HIV-1 RAg-CEIA与BED捕获酶联免疫试验(BED-CEIA)和限制性抗原亲和力酶联免疫试验(LAg-Avidity EIA)所得的检测和分析数据。

结果

纳入研究的哨点监测血浆样本共计51 313份,其中HIV-1抗体阳性1 255份,应进行新发感染检测373份,实检测253份。使用HIV-1 RAg-CEIA、BED-CEIA和LAg-Avidity EIA检出的HIV-1新近感染样本数分别为88、78和54份,估算哨点监测人群新发感染率分别为0.33%(95%CI: 0.26%~0.39%)、0.31%(95%CI: 0.24%~0.38%)和0.31%(95%CI: 0.22%~0.39%),三者之间两两比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.927)。在6类亚人群中,男男性行为者(MSM)的新发感染率可估算,分别为3.50% (95%CI: 2.48%~4.52%)、3.92% (95%CI: 2.76%~5.08%)和4.17% (95%CI: 2.79%~5.55%),三者之间两两比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.763)。HIV-1 RAg-CEIA与BED-CEIA和LAg-Avidity EIA的样本检测ODn值均呈线性相关(Spearman相关系数分别为0.911、0.755)。

结论

HIV-1 RAg-CEIA可以有效用于新近感染识别和新发感染率估算,提示该方法在HIV-1新发感染检测中具有良好的应用前景。

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邱茂锋,E-mail:
施玉华,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=3b5ARbkKi47M1hFH6OOrJw==, magXml=0gYRlM/WfklhDrXNIK2mfg==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=Ex2bfwPFHLwJ9Jn+jd1ZTA==, pdfFileSize=628822, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=4tCtcuXa/Y8/2AY+vYcvMA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=xRdkEO9040djtT1s00iCTg==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

梁雯丽(1993—),女,博士在读,研究方向:艾滋病检测技术;金晓媚(1989—),女,硕士,主管技师,研究方向:艾滋病、性病和丙肝实验室检测技术

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梁雯丽(1993—),女,博士在读,研究方向:艾滋病检测技术;金晓媚(1989—),女,硕士,主管技师,研究方向:艾滋病、性病和丙肝实验室检测技术

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梁雯丽(1993—),女,博士在读,研究方向:艾滋病检测技术;金晓媚(1989—),女,硕士,主管技师,研究方向:艾滋病、性病和丙肝实验室检测技术

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AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, 2019, 35(10):896-905., articleTitle=Field validation of limiting-antigen avidity enzyme immunoassay to estimate HIV-1 incidence in cross-sectional survey in Swaziland, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1240633256845046459, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633247785349329, awardId=2017ZX10201101-002-003, 2018ZX10721102-003-002, language=CN, fundingSource=国家“十三五”科技重大专项(2017ZX10201101-002-003, 2018ZX10721102-003-002), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1240633250687807840, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633247785349329, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240633250696196449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633247785349329, companyId=1240633250687807840, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240633250704585058, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633247785349329, companyId=1240633250687807840, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.中国疾病预防控制中心性病艾滋病预防控制中心传染病溯源预警与智能决策全国重点实验室,北京 102206)]), AuthorCompany(id=1240633250775888236, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633247785349329, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240633250784276844, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633247785349329, companyId=1240633250775888236, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.云南省疾病预防控制中心性病艾滋病防制所)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1240633256308175512, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633247785349329, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=The correlation of ODn values by RAg-CEIA with those by BED-CEIA and LAg-Avidity EIA, figureFileSmall=LGaLEUKpKLnLqVbHLJCPWg==, figureFileBig=4tCtcuXa/Y8/2AY+vYcvMA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240633256392061600, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633247785349329, language=CN, label=图1, caption=HIV-1 RAg-CEIA与BED-CEIA和LAg-Avidity EIA检测ODn值的相关性, figureFileSmall=LGaLEUKpKLnLqVbHLJCPWg==, figureFileBig=4tCtcuXa/Y8/2AY+vYcvMA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240633256601776810, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633247785349329, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

HIV-1 incidence in the HIV/AIDS sentinel surveillance population in Yunnan province in 2015

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
人群检测人数HIV-1阳性人数(PHIV阴性人数(N新发感染应检测人数新发感染实检测人数(P’) 新发感染缺失检测人数(M)调整后的HIV阴性人数(N整)
男男性行为者3 0262052 82112182392 284
吸毒者10 2228899 33315593628 682
卖淫妇女23 6449423 55063511220 544
性病门诊男性就诊者6 016435 973251965 140
孕产妇6 000205 9808715 681
男性流调人群2 40542 4011102 401
合计51 3131 25550 05837325312045 272
人群RAg-CEIA03BED-CEIALAg-Avidity EIAχ2P
新近感染人数(R’)新发感染率(%, 95%CI)新近感染人数(R’)新发感染率(%, 95%CI)新近感染人数(R’)新发感染率(%, 95%CI)
男男性行为者453.50(2.48~4.52)443.92(2.76~5.08)354.17(2.79~5.55)0.5410.763
吸毒者191710
卖淫妇女16127
性病门诊男性就诊者531
孕产妇321
男性流调人群000
合计880.33(0.26~0.39)780.31(0.24~0.38)540.31(0.22~0.39)0.1520.927
), ArticleFig(id=1240633256715023025, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633247785349329, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

云南省2015年艾滋病哨点监测人群HIV-1新发感染率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
人群检测人数HIV-1阳性人数(PHIV阴性人数(N新发感染应检测人数新发感染实检测人数(P’) 新发感染缺失检测人数(M)调整后的HIV阴性人数(N整)
男男性行为者3 0262052 82112182392 284
吸毒者10 2228899 33315593628 682
卖淫妇女23 6449423 55063511220 544
性病门诊男性就诊者6 016435 973251965 140
孕产妇6 000205 9808715 681
男性流调人群2 40542 4011102 401
合计51 3131 25550 05837325312045 272
人群RAg-CEIA03BED-CEIALAg-Avidity EIAχ2P
新近感染人数(R’)新发感染率(%, 95%CI)新近感染人数(R’)新发感染率(%, 95%CI)新近感染人数(R’)新发感染率(%, 95%CI)
男男性行为者453.50(2.48~4.52)443.92(2.76~5.08)354.17(2.79~5.55)0.5410.763
吸毒者191710
卖淫妇女16127
性病门诊男性就诊者531
孕产妇321
男性流调人群000
合计880.33(0.26~0.39)780.31(0.24~0.38)540.31(0.22~0.39)0.1520.927
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重组抗原捕获酶联免疫试验在云南省哨点监测人群HIV-1新发感染检测中的应用评价
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梁雯丽 1 , 金晓媚 2 , 李东民 1 , 陈会超 2 , 韩孟杰 1 , 邢文革 1 , 张翠 1 , 施玉华 2 , 邱茂锋 1
现代预防医学 | 实验技术及其应用 2024,51(10): 1860-1864
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现代预防医学 | 实验技术及其应用 2024, 51(10): 1860-1864
重组抗原捕获酶联免疫试验在云南省哨点监测人群HIV-1新发感染检测中的应用评价
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梁雯丽1, 金晓媚2, 李东民1, 陈会超2, 韩孟杰1, 邢文革1, 张翠1, 施玉华2 , 邱茂锋1
作者信息
  • 1.中国疾病预防控制中心性病艾滋病预防控制中心传染病溯源预警与智能决策全国重点实验室,北京 102206
  • 2.云南省疾病预防控制中心性病艾滋病防制所
  • 梁雯丽(1993—),女,博士在读,研究方向:艾滋病检测技术;金晓媚(1989—),女,硕士,主管技师,研究方向:艾滋病、性病和丙肝实验室检测技术

通讯作者:

邱茂锋,E-mail:
施玉华,E-mail:
Application evaluation of a recombinant antigen-based capture enzyme immunoassay in detection of recent HIV-1 infection among the sentinel surveillance population, Yunnan, China
Wen-li LIANG1, Xiao-mei JIN2, Dong-min LI1, Hui-chao CHEN2, Meng-jie HAN1, Wen-ge XING1, Cui ZHANG1, Yu-hua SHI2 , Mao-feng QIU1
Affiliations
  • National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
出版时间: 2024-05-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202403405
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目的

探讨HIV-1重组抗原捕获酶联免疫试验(RAg-CEIA)在哨点监测人群HIV-1新发感染检测中的应用价值。

方法

针对云南省2015年艾滋病哨点监测人群,选择HIV-1抗体确证阳性血浆样本中符合新发感染检测标准的样本,使用HIV-1 RAg-CEIA进行检测。通过标准化光密度(ODn)值识别HIV-1新近感染者,再估算人群的HIV-1新发感染率,比较HIV-1 RAg-CEIA与BED捕获酶联免疫试验(BED-CEIA)和限制性抗原亲和力酶联免疫试验(LAg-Avidity EIA)所得的检测和分析数据。

结果

纳入研究的哨点监测血浆样本共计51 313份,其中HIV-1抗体阳性1 255份,应进行新发感染检测373份,实检测253份。使用HIV-1 RAg-CEIA、BED-CEIA和LAg-Avidity EIA检出的HIV-1新近感染样本数分别为88、78和54份,估算哨点监测人群新发感染率分别为0.33%(95%CI: 0.26%~0.39%)、0.31%(95%CI: 0.24%~0.38%)和0.31%(95%CI: 0.22%~0.39%),三者之间两两比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.927)。在6类亚人群中,男男性行为者(MSM)的新发感染率可估算,分别为3.50% (95%CI: 2.48%~4.52%)、3.92% (95%CI: 2.76%~5.08%)和4.17% (95%CI: 2.79%~5.55%),三者之间两两比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.763)。HIV-1 RAg-CEIA与BED-CEIA和LAg-Avidity EIA的样本检测ODn值均呈线性相关(Spearman相关系数分别为0.911、0.755)。

结论

HIV-1 RAg-CEIA可以有效用于新近感染识别和新发感染率估算,提示该方法在HIV-1新发感染检测中具有良好的应用前景。

人免疫缺陷病毒  /  新近感染  /  捕获酶联免疫试验  /  哨点监测
Objective

To explore the application value of a recombinant antigen-based capture enzyme immunoassay (RAg-CEIA) in detection of recent human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection in the sentinel surveillance population.

Methods

Among the HIV/AIDS sentinel surveillance population in Yunnan province in 2015, the confirmed HIV-1 antibodies positive plasma specimens matching the detection criteria for recent HIV-1 infection were tested by HIV-1 RAg-CEIA. The recent HIV-1 infection specimens were classified by the normalized optical density (ODn) values, and then the HIV-1 incidence in population were estimated. The detection and analysis data were compared with those by BED capture enzyme immunoassay (BED-CEIA) and limiting antigen avidity enzyme immunoassay (LAg-Avidity EIA), respectively.

Results

A total of 51 313 plasma specimens were tested for HIV antibodies, in which 1 255 specimens were HIV-1 antibodies positive. 253 out of 373 specimens matching the detection criteria for recent HIV-1 infection were tested by the 3 assays, respectively. By RAg-CEIA, BED-CEIA and LAg-Avidity EIA, 88, 78 and 54 specimens were classified as recent HIV-1 infections, and the HIV-1 incidence in the sentinel surveillance population was 0.33% (95%CI: 0.26%~0.39%), 0.31%(95%CI: 0.24%~0.38%) and 0.31% (95%CI: 0.22%~0.39%), respectively. The differences between the HIV-1 incidence by the 3 assays were not statistically significant (P=0.927). Among the sub-populations, the HIV-1 incidence in men who have sex with men (MSM) were 3.50% (95%CI: 2.48%~4.52%), 3.92% (95%CI: 2.76%~5.08%)and 4.17% (95%CI: 2.79%~5.55%), respectively. The differences between the HIV-1 incidence by the 3 assays were not statistically significant (P=0.763). The ODn values by RAg-CEIA were linear correlation with those by BED-CEIA (Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was 0.911), and those by LAg-Avidity EIA (Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was 0.755), respectively.

Conclusion

HIV-1 RAg-CEIA can be effectively used in classification of recent HIV-1 infections and estimation of HIV-1 incidence, indicating that this approach has a good application prospect in detection of recent HIV-1 infection.

Human immunodeficiency virus  /  Recent infection  /  Capture enzyme immunoassay  /  Sentinel surveillance
梁雯丽, 金晓媚, 李东民, 陈会超, 韩孟杰, 邢文革, 张翠, 施玉华, 邱茂锋. 重组抗原捕获酶联免疫试验在云南省哨点监测人群HIV-1新发感染检测中的应用评价. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (10) : 1860 -1864 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202403405
Wen-li LIANG, Xiao-mei JIN, Dong-min LI, Hui-chao CHEN, Meng-jie HAN, Wen-ge XING, Cui ZHANG, Yu-hua SHI, Mao-feng QIU. Application evaluation of a recombinant antigen-based capture enzyme immunoassay in detection of recent HIV-1 infection among the sentinel surveillance population, Yunnan, China[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (10) : 1860 -1864 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202403405
减少HIV-1新发感染是艾滋病防控的主要目标之一。由于技术条件的限制和人群个体差异的存在,现有HIV-1新发感染实验室检测方法只能在群体水平上区分新近感染和长期感染,估算人群的新发感染率,为分析艾滋病流行特点和变化趋势、评估干预措施效果等提供科学依据,还不能用于个体HIV-1新发感染状态的诊断。在已商品化的实验室检测方法中,美国疾病预防控制中心研发的2种血清学检测方法HIV-1 BED捕获酶联免疫试验(BED capture enzyme immunoassay, BED-CEIA)和限制性抗原亲和力酶联免疫试验(limiting antigen avidity enzyme immunoassay,LAg-Avidity EIA)在国外应用较广,并先后在中国推广使用。其中HIV-1 BED-CEIA试剂盒因抗原(生物素化BED肽)合成困难已无销售,目前在我国广泛使用的是HIV-1 LAg-Avidity EIA[1-7]。本课题组前期研发了一种新型HIV-1新发感染检测方法,HIV-1重组抗原捕获酶联免疫试验(recombinant antigen-based capture enzyme immunoassay, RAg-CEIA)[8-9];近期在进行方法优化的基础上,获得了将RAg-CEIA用于估算我国HIV-1新发感染率的2个核心技术参数:新发感染检测窗口期197天,假新近感染率(false recent rate,FRR)4.87%(数据另发表),为进一步应用奠定了基础。
本研究针对云南省2015年艾滋病哨点监测人群,使用HIV-1 RAg-CEIA开展新发感染检测,与既往使用HIV-1 BED-CEIA和LAg-Avidity EIA所得的检测和分析数据比较,探讨HIV-1 RAg-CEIA在哨点监测人群HIV-1新发感染检测中的应用价值。
云南省2015年艾滋病哨点监测人群。根据《全国艾滋病哨点监测实施方案(2022年修订版)》中的“哨点HIV新发感染检测方案”,对HIV-1抗体确证阳性样本中符合新发感染检测标准的进行检测。受检者属于以下情况的,样本不纳入新发感染检测:(1)超过6个月的既往报告病例;(2)已诊断的艾滋病病人;(3)已接受抗病毒治疗者。血浆样本长期冻存于-70℃以下冰箱。本研究经中国疾病预防控制中心性病艾滋病预防控制中心伦理委员会批准(编号:X190111551)。
试剂盒由北京新创生物工程有限公司制备。每块酶标板设阴性对照(NC)2孔,设校准品(CAL)、弱阳性对照(LPC)和强阳性对照(HPC)各3孔。样本首先做初筛试验,每份样本进行单孔检测,实验操作参考论文[9]。要点如下:将对照品、校准品或待测样本进行1:101稀释(5 μl 样本+500 μl稀释液),每孔加入100 μl;37℃(±1℃)孵育60分钟;洗板;每孔加入100 μl酶结合物工作液;37℃(±1℃)孵育30分钟;洗板;加入显色液(底物A和B临用前等体积混合)100 μl;37℃(±1℃)避光孵育30分钟;每孔加入100 μl终止液;选择酶标仪波长450 nm、参考波长630 nm,测定各孔光密度(optical density, OD)值。根据3孔校准品的OD值中位数计算每份样本的标准化光密度值(ODn)值。当ODn>1.2时,该样本被判定为长期感染;当ODn≤1.2时,该样本需进行确认试验,即每份样本进行3孔重复检测,取用中位数。当确认试验的ODn>0.8时,该样本被判定为长期感染;当ODn≤0.8时,该样本被判定为新近感染。
使用既往检测数据。试剂盒分别为美国Sedia公司、美国Maxim公司生产,实验操作均按照试剂盒说明书进行。实验流程同样包括初筛试验和确认试验,其中BED-CEIA的新近感染判定标准同RAg-CEIA。LAg-Avidity EIA的新近感染判定标准如下:当初筛试验ODn>2.0时,该样本被判定为长期感染;当ODn≤2.0时,该样本需进行确认试验,即每份样本进行3孔重复检测,取用中位数。当确认试验的ODn>1.5时,该样本被判定为长期感染;当ODn≤1.5时,该样本被判定为新近感染。
根据UNAIDS/WHO推荐的适用于横断面调查的HIV新发感染率计算公式[7, 10]
式中:I表示HIV新发感染率(人群中每100人年新感染的数量);R表示实验判定为新近感染的人数;P表示调查中HIV阳性人数;N表示调查中HIV阴性人数;FRR表示假新近感染率;ω表示以天为单位的新发感染检测窗口期。如果有一部分应做HIV新发感染检测的HIV阳性样本缺失(M),需根据实际完成新发感染检测的样本数(P’=P-M)计算调整后的HIV阴性数(N’= N×P’/P),将P’N’代入上述公式计算。根据中国疾病预防控制中心国内评估结果,公式中HIV-1 RAg-CEIA、BED-CEIA和LAg-Avidity EIA的ω分别以197天、168天和130天,FRR分别以4.87%、6.85%和2.30%纳入计算[4, 7]
使用SPSS 23.0和SAS 9.4进行统计学分析。分析不同检测方法检测ODn值之间的相关性用等级相关性分析;比较HIV-1新发感染率的差异采用χ 2检验,检验水准α=0.05。
纳入研究的哨点监测血浆样本共计51 313份,其中HIV-1抗体阳性1 255份、HIV阴性50 058份,应进行新发感染检测373份,实检测253份,通过等比例调整后的HIV阴性45 272份。使用HIV-1 RAg-CEIA、BED-CEIA和LAg-Avidity EIA检出的新近感染样本数分别为88、78和54份,估算出的人群新发感染率分别为0.33%(95%CI: 0.26%~0.39%)、0.31%(95%CI: 0.24%~0.38%)和0.31%(95%CI: 0.22%~0.39%)。χ 2检验结果显示,三者之间两两比较差异均无统计学意义(P =0.927)。在6类亚人群中,男男性行为者(men who have sex with men, MSM)的HIV-1新发感染率可估算,分别为3.50% (95%CI: 2.48%~4.52%)、3.92% (95%CI: 2.76%~5.08%)和4.17% (95%CI: 2.79%~5.55%),三者之间两两比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.763)。后5类人群(吸毒者、卖淫妇女、性病门诊男性就诊者、孕产妇、男性流调人群)因纳入新发感染检测的样本数量不够大,检出的新近感染人数少于20,所以未估算新发感染率。详见表1
在应纳入HIV-1新发感染检测的样本中,有253份分别用3种方法进行了检测。将RAg-CEIA检测结果ODn值分别与BED-CEIA和LAg-Avidity EIA的ODn值作散点图,观察相关性,详见图1
经正态性检验,3种方法所得的ODn值均不服从正态分布,因此使用等级相关性分析。结果显示,HIV-1 RAg-CEIA与BED-CEIA的ODn值呈线性相关,Spearman相关系数为0.911;RAg-CEIA与LAg-Avidity EIA的ODn值也呈线性相关,Spearman相关系数为0.755。
在已商品化的HIV-1新发感染实验室检测方法中,HIV-1 BED-CEIA和LAg-Avidity EIA各有优缺点。前者的原理是IgG捕获酶联免疫试验,具有操作稳定性好的优点,不足之处是抗原(生物素化BED肽)合成困难,假新近感染率较高(6.85%);后者的优点是抗原(rIDR-M)制备方便、成本较低,假新近感染率较低(2.30%),不足之处是操作稳定性较差(其原理为间接酶联免疫试验)[1-4]。HIV-1 RAg-CEIA的设计思路是结合 BED-CEIA和LAg-Avidity EIA的优点、克服它们的不足,性能达到了预期目标[8-9]。具体表现如下:它的原理与BED-CEIA相同,操作稳定性好;它使用的抗原为标记辣根过氧化物酶的HIV-1重组抗原,抗原核心结构与LAg-Avidity EIA的相同,抗原制备方便、成本较低;它的实验操作步骤比BED-CEIA和LAg-Avidity各少了2步;用于在我国估算人群HIV-1新发感染率时,它的假新近感染率(4.87%)虽然高于LAg-Avidity EIA,但低于BED-CEIA。
本研究对云南省2015年艾滋病哨点监测人群的新发感染检测和分析结果显示,HIV-1 RAg-CEIA与BED-CEIA和与LAg-Avidity EIA的样本检测ODn值均呈显著线性相关;针对哨点监测人群及其中数据可估算的MSM人群,3种方法所得的新发感染率之间差异均无统计学意义。用于识别HIV-1新近感染时,不同方法检出的新近感染数不同,主要原因是这些方法的新发感染检测窗口期不同。因为新近感染与长期感染的区分是相对的,所以无论使用哪种方法,都可以在群体水平上对新近感染者与长期感染者的流行特征进行比较研究[11-12]。用于估算人群HIV-1新发感染率时,使用UNAIDS/WHO推荐的横断面调查HIV新发感染率计算公式,可以通过核心技术参数(新发感染检测窗口期、假新近感染率)对结果进行校正[7, 10]。本研究用3种方法检测所得的云南省2015年哨点MSM HIV-1新发感染率分别为3.50%、3.92%和4.17%,与昆明市MSM HIV-1新发感染队列研究所得的2012~2016年新发感染率(5.32%)和2018~2020年新发感染率(2.78%~3.10%)变化趋势吻合[13-14]。实际工作中,为了减少系统误差的影响,建议在分析HIV-1流行的变化趋势时尽量使用同一种实验室检测方法。
根据UNAIDS/WHO指南,为了提高HIV新发感染检测的准确性,可以将多种血清学新发感染检测方法结合使用,或者将血清学新发感染检测方法与HIV感染者的其他相关信息结合使用,形成特定的HIV新发感染检测策略(Recent infection testing algorithm, RITA)[10]。目前我国的HIV新发感染检测策略是将1种血清学新发感染检测方法与HIV感染者的既往报告时间、病程、抗病毒治疗情况等信息结合使用。随着我国HIV感染者基线HIV-1病毒载量检测工作的普遍开展,将来可望在检测策略中结合使用HIV-1病毒载量检测信息,为此需要提前研究该策略的新发感染检测窗口期和假新近感染率[10, 15]
本研究的主要局限是研究对象中应进行新发感染检测的样本缺失较多,为此进行了标化调整。由于3种方法检测的样本相同,样本缺失对方法比较的结果影响较小。
综上所述,HIV-1 RAg-CEIA可以有效用于HIV-1新近感染识别和新发感染率估算,在HIV-1新发感染检测中具有良好的应用前景。该方法的操作和检测性能及应用价值还需要在更多的现场应用中接受全面检验。
  • 国家“十三五”科技重大专项(2017ZX10201101-002-003, 2018ZX10721102-003-002)
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2024年第51卷第10期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202403405
  • 接收时间:2024-03-22
  • 首发时间:2026-03-17
  • 出版时间:2024-05-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-03-22
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国家“十三五”科技重大专项(2017ZX10201101-002-003, 2018ZX10721102-003-002)
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    1.中国疾病预防控制中心性病艾滋病预防控制中心传染病溯源预警与智能决策全国重点实验室,北京 102206
    2.云南省疾病预防控制中心性病艾滋病防制所

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
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genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
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Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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