Article(id=1240633246866788464, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240633237542851387, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202311486, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1701014400000, receivedDateStr=2023-11-27, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773719615903, onlineDateStr=2026-03-17, pubDate=1716566400000, pubDateStr=2024-05-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773719615903, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773719615903, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773719615903, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240633237542851387, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='10', pageStart='1729', pageEnd='1920', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773719613680, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773720039302, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1240635022806405370, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240633237542851387, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1240635022806405371, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240633237542851387, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1800, endPage=1804, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240633247323967636, articleId=1240633246866788464, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Relationship between cumulative ecological risk and junior middle school students’ online aggressive behavior: the mediating effect of normative beliefs about aggression, columnId=1228016568949474136, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Child and Adolescent health, Maternal and Child Health, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the relationship between cumulative ecological risk and junior middle school student’s online aggressive behavior.

Methods

In 2023, convenience sampling method was adopted. A questionnaire survey was conducted among 340 junior middle school students from 2 middle schools in Tongliao City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region with cumulative ecological risk scale, normative beliefs about aggression scale and online aggressive behavior scale, and the mediation effect was tested by non-parametric percentile Bootstrap method with bias correction.

Results

The cumulative ecological risk was positively correlated with online aggressive behavior and normative beliefs about aggression (r=0.51,r=0.53,P<0.01). There was a significant positive correlation between normative beliefs about aggression and online aggressive behavior (r=0.73,P<0.01). Online aggressive behavior had significant positive regression on cumulative ecological risk and normative beliefs about aggression (β=0.17,95%CI:0.09-0.26,β=0.63,95%CI:0.56-0.70,P<0.001), and normative beliefs about aggression had significant positive regression on cumulative ecological risk (β=0.52,95%CI:0.44-0.60,P<0.001). Normative beliefs about aggression played a partial mediating role between cumulative ecological risk and online aggressive behavior, and the mediating effect was 0.33(95%CI:0.27-0.40), accounting for 64.71% of the total effects.

Conclusion

Cumulative ecological risk can not only directly affect the online aggressive behavior, but also indirectly affect the online aggressive behavior of junior middle school student through the normative belief about aggression. In the future, the level of online aggressive behavior can be regulated by intervening the normative belief about aggression.

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目的

探讨累积生态风险与初中生网络攻击行为的关系。

方法

2023年,采用方便抽样方法,用累积生态风险量表、攻击规范信念量表和网络攻击行为量表对内蒙古自治区通辽市2所中学340名初中生进行问卷调查,采用偏差矫正的非参数百分位Bootstrap法进行中介效应检验。

结果

累积生态风险与网络攻击行为和攻击规范信念呈显著正相关(r=0.51,r=0.53,P均<0.01);攻击规范信念与网络攻击行为呈显著正相关(r=0.73,P<0.01)。网络攻击行为对累积生态风险和攻击规范信念有显著正向回归(β=0.18,95%CI:0.09~0.26,β=0.63,95%CI:0.56~0.70,P<0.001),攻击规范信念对累积生态风险有显著正向回归(β=0.52,95%CI:0.44~0.67,P<0.001)。攻击规范信念在累积生态风险和网络攻击行为之间起部分中介作用,中介效应值为0.33 (95%CI:0.27~0.40),占总效应的64.71%。

结论

累积生态风险不仅可以直接影响网络攻击行为,而且可以通过攻击规范信念间接影响初中生网络攻击行为,未来可以通过干预攻击规范信念来调控网络攻击行为的水平。

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乌云特娜,E-mail:
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敖日格乐(2000—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:发展与教育心理学

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Potential mechanism of high trait anger individuals’attentional bias to negative emotional stimuli[J]. Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology, 2013, 21(2): 180-184, 187., articleTitle=Potential mechanism of high trait anger individuals’attentional bias to negative emotional stimuli, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1240633255951651442, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633246866788464, awardId=22XSH002, language=CN, fundingSource=国家社会科学基金项目西部项目(22XSH002), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1240633251455357346, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633246866788464, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240633251463745955, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633246866788464, companyId=1240633251455357346, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Psychology,Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010022, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240633251467940260, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633246866788464, companyId=1240633251455357346, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.内蒙古师范大学 心理学院,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010022)]), AuthorCompany(id=1240633251581186475, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633246866788464, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240633251589575084, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633246866788464, companyId=1240633251581186475, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.内蒙古高校人文社科重点研究基地)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1240633254877909553, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633246866788464, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Composition of cumulative ecological risk assessment tools

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风险因素最小值最大值生态风险界定标准临界值
童年期逆境经历0分10分高于75百分位数8分
友谊嫉妒10分50分高于75百分位数28分
感知父母冲突17分85分高于75百分位数40分
网络社会排斥14分70分高于75百分位数41分
暴力环境接触25分125分高于75百分位数74分
), ArticleFig(id=1240633254961795641, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633246866788464, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

累积生态风险评估工具构成

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
风险因素最小值最大值生态风险界定标准临界值
童年期逆境经历0分10分高于75百分位数8分
友谊嫉妒10分50分高于75百分位数28分
感知父母冲突17分85分高于75百分位数40分
网络社会排斥14分70分高于75百分位数41分
暴力环境接触25分125分高于75百分位数74分
), ArticleFig(id=1240633255079236157, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633246866788464, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Descriptive statistics of cumulative ecological risk variables

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别项目童年期逆境经历友谊嫉妒父母冲突网络社会排斥暴力环境接触
t/Ft/Ft/Ft/Ft/F
总体4.19±3.9921.99±8.1032.97±10.3632.97±11.3951.39±24.58
性别男生3.94±3.96-1.4221.07±8.11-2.64b32.05±10.33-2.05a32.06±11.34-1.8448.13±23.51-3.09b
女生4.57±4.0423.43±7.9034.41±10.2734.38±11.3856.46±25.42
年龄13岁3.61±3.852.5920.19±7.614.76b29.85±9.7011.66c30.23±10.907.49c46.02±22.115.46b
14岁4.67±4.0123.25±8.3635.54±10.0835.27±11.3555.59±24.95
15岁3.81±4.0721.43±7.6831.04±10.4231.14±11.1848.56±25.38
年级初一4.25±4.061.0521.38±8.361.0431.66±10.734.31a31.79±11.442.8249.42±24.581.00
初二4.42±3.9722.77±7.4535.09±8.7234.86±10.9853.53±24.36
初三3.51±3.8621.95±8.7531.86±11.9731.96±11.8452.00±25.05
), ArticleFig(id=1240633255209259589, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633246866788464, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

累积生态风险各变量的描述性统计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别项目童年期逆境经历友谊嫉妒父母冲突网络社会排斥暴力环境接触
t/Ft/Ft/Ft/Ft/F
总体4.19±3.9921.99±8.1032.97±10.3632.97±11.3951.39±24.58
性别男生3.94±3.96-1.4221.07±8.11-2.64b32.05±10.33-2.05a32.06±11.34-1.8448.13±23.51-3.09b
女生4.57±4.0423.43±7.9034.41±10.2734.38±11.3856.46±25.42
年龄13岁3.61±3.852.5920.19±7.614.76b29.85±9.7011.66c30.23±10.907.49c46.02±22.115.46b
14岁4.67±4.0123.25±8.3635.54±10.0835.27±11.3555.59±24.95
15岁3.81±4.0721.43±7.6831.04±10.4231.14±11.1848.56±25.38
年级初一4.25±4.061.0521.38±8.361.0431.66±10.734.31a31.79±11.442.8249.42±24.581.00
初二4.42±3.9722.77±7.4535.09±8.7234.86±10.9853.53±24.36
初三3.51±3.8621.95±8.7531.86±11.9731.96±11.8452.00±25.05
), ArticleFig(id=1240633255314117195, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633246866788464, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Descriptive statistics of the main variables

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别项目累积生态风险攻击规范信念网络攻击行为
t/Ft/Ft/F
总体1.33±1.3042.39±13.5628.55±11.81
性别男生1.18±1.17-2.55a41.22±13.38-2.01a27.29±11.59-2.47a
女生1.56±1.4444.23±13.6930.50±11.94
年龄13岁1.02±1.185.69b39.24±12.845.04b26.31±10.595.05b
14岁1.55±1.3344.53±13.9230.53±12.20
15岁1.23±1.2641.54±12.8726.81±11.82
年级初一1.29±1.300.1940.23±13.433.93a27.93±11.860.40
初二1.35±1.3144.65±12.8629.00±11.36
初三1.40±1.2943.30±14.7129.23±12.80
), ArticleFig(id=1240633255402197584, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633246866788464, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

各主要变量的描述性统计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别项目累积生态风险攻击规范信念网络攻击行为
t/Ft/Ft/F
总体1.33±1.3042.39±13.5628.55±11.81
性别男生1.18±1.17-2.55a41.22±13.38-2.01a27.29±11.59-2.47a
女生1.56±1.4444.23±13.6930.50±11.94
年龄13岁1.02±1.185.69b39.24±12.845.04b26.31±10.595.05b
14岁1.55±1.3344.53±13.9230.53±12.20
15岁1.23±1.2641.54±12.8726.81±11.82
年级初一1.29±1.300.1940.23±13.433.93a27.93±11.860.40
初二1.35±1.3144.65±12.8629.00±11.36
初三1.40±1.2943.30±14.7129.23±12.80
), ArticleFig(id=1240633255490277975, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633246866788464, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

The regression coefficient for each variable

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
回归方程整体拟合系数回归系数显著性
结果变量预测变量R2ΔR2Fβ(95%CI)t
网络攻击行为性别0.270.25112.46a0.06(-0.03~0.15)1.28
年龄-0.01(-0.11~0.09)-0.26
年级0.03(-0.07~0.13)0.67
累积生态风险0.50(0.42~0.58)12.29a
攻击规范信念性别0.290.2934.22a0.03(-0.06~0.12)0.72
年龄0.01(-0.09~0.10)0.09
年级0.09(0.01~0.19)1.95
累积生态风险0.52(0.44~0.60)13.03a
网络攻击行为性别0.550.28212.38a0.04(-0.03~0.11)1.06
年龄-0.02(-0.09~0.06)-0.40
年级-0.03(-0.10~0.06)-0.68
攻击规范信念0.63(0.56~0.70)16.98a
累积生态风险0.18(0.09~0.26)4.08a
), ArticleFig(id=1240633255616107102, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633246866788464, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

各变量的回归系数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
回归方程整体拟合系数回归系数显著性
结果变量预测变量R2ΔR2Fβ(95%CI)t
网络攻击行为性别0.270.25112.46a0.06(-0.03~0.15)1.28
年龄-0.01(-0.11~0.09)-0.26
年级0.03(-0.07~0.13)0.67
累积生态风险0.50(0.42~0.58)12.29a
攻击规范信念性别0.290.2934.22a0.03(-0.06~0.12)0.72
年龄0.01(-0.09~0.10)0.09
年级0.09(0.01~0.19)1.95
累积生态风险0.52(0.44~0.60)13.03a
网络攻击行为性别0.550.28212.38a0.04(-0.03~0.11)1.06
年龄-0.02(-0.09~0.06)-0.40
年级-0.03(-0.10~0.06)-0.68
攻击规范信念0.63(0.56~0.70)16.98a
累积生态风险0.18(0.09~0.26)4.08a
), ArticleFig(id=1240633255716770402, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633246866788464, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Mediation effect analysis

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效应效应值(95%CI)效应比
总效应0.51(0.43~0.59)0.04100.00%
直接效应0.18(0.09~0.27)0.0435.29%
中介效应0.33(0.27~0.40)0.0364.71%
), ArticleFig(id=1240633255821628008, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633246866788464, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

中介作用分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
效应效应值(95%CI)效应比
总效应0.51(0.43~0.59)0.04100.00%
直接效应0.18(0.09~0.27)0.0435.29%
中介效应0.33(0.27~0.40)0.0364.71%
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累积生态风险与初中生网络攻击行为的关系:攻击规范信念的中介作用
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敖日格乐 1 , 乌云特娜 1, 2 , 金童林 1, 2
现代预防医学 | 儿少卫生与妇幼保健 2024,51(10): 1800-1804
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现代预防医学 | 儿少卫生与妇幼保健 2024, 51(10): 1800-1804
累积生态风险与初中生网络攻击行为的关系:攻击规范信念的中介作用
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敖日格乐1, 乌云特娜1, 2 , 金童林1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.内蒙古师范大学 心理学院,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010022
  • 2.内蒙古高校人文社科重点研究基地
  • 敖日格乐(2000—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:发展与教育心理学

通讯作者:

乌云特娜,E-mail:
Relationship between cumulative ecological risk and junior middle school students’ online aggressive behavior: the mediating effect of normative beliefs about aggression
Ge-le AORI1, Te-na WUYUN1, 2 , Tong-lin JIN1, 2
Affiliations
  • School of Psychology,Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010022, China
出版时间: 2024-05-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202311486
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目的

探讨累积生态风险与初中生网络攻击行为的关系。

方法

2023年,采用方便抽样方法,用累积生态风险量表、攻击规范信念量表和网络攻击行为量表对内蒙古自治区通辽市2所中学340名初中生进行问卷调查,采用偏差矫正的非参数百分位Bootstrap法进行中介效应检验。

结果

累积生态风险与网络攻击行为和攻击规范信念呈显著正相关(r=0.51,r=0.53,P均<0.01);攻击规范信念与网络攻击行为呈显著正相关(r=0.73,P<0.01)。网络攻击行为对累积生态风险和攻击规范信念有显著正向回归(β=0.18,95%CI:0.09~0.26,β=0.63,95%CI:0.56~0.70,P<0.001),攻击规范信念对累积生态风险有显著正向回归(β=0.52,95%CI:0.44~0.67,P<0.001)。攻击规范信念在累积生态风险和网络攻击行为之间起部分中介作用,中介效应值为0.33 (95%CI:0.27~0.40),占总效应的64.71%。

结论

累积生态风险不仅可以直接影响网络攻击行为,而且可以通过攻击规范信念间接影响初中生网络攻击行为,未来可以通过干预攻击规范信念来调控网络攻击行为的水平。

累积生态风险  /  网络攻击行为  /  攻击规范信念
Objective

To explore the relationship between cumulative ecological risk and junior middle school student’s online aggressive behavior.

Methods

In 2023, convenience sampling method was adopted. A questionnaire survey was conducted among 340 junior middle school students from 2 middle schools in Tongliao City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region with cumulative ecological risk scale, normative beliefs about aggression scale and online aggressive behavior scale, and the mediation effect was tested by non-parametric percentile Bootstrap method with bias correction.

Results

The cumulative ecological risk was positively correlated with online aggressive behavior and normative beliefs about aggression (r=0.51,r=0.53,P<0.01). There was a significant positive correlation between normative beliefs about aggression and online aggressive behavior (r=0.73,P<0.01). Online aggressive behavior had significant positive regression on cumulative ecological risk and normative beliefs about aggression (β=0.17,95%CI:0.09-0.26,β=0.63,95%CI:0.56-0.70,P<0.001), and normative beliefs about aggression had significant positive regression on cumulative ecological risk (β=0.52,95%CI:0.44-0.60,P<0.001). Normative beliefs about aggression played a partial mediating role between cumulative ecological risk and online aggressive behavior, and the mediating effect was 0.33(95%CI:0.27-0.40), accounting for 64.71% of the total effects.

Conclusion

Cumulative ecological risk can not only directly affect the online aggressive behavior, but also indirectly affect the online aggressive behavior of junior middle school student through the normative belief about aggression. In the future, the level of online aggressive behavior can be regulated by intervening the normative belief about aggression.

Cumulative ecological risk  /  Online aggressive behavior  /  Normative beliefs about aggression
敖日格乐, 乌云特娜, 金童林. 累积生态风险与初中生网络攻击行为的关系:攻击规范信念的中介作用. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (10) : 1800 -1804 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202311486
Ge-le AORI, Te-na WUYUN, Tong-lin JIN. Relationship between cumulative ecological risk and junior middle school students’ online aggressive behavior: the mediating effect of normative beliefs about aggression[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (10) : 1800 -1804 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202311486
随着网络的普及,初中生网络攻击行为的发生率日益升高。根据我国《2021年全国未成年人互联网使用情况研究报告》显示,有29.7%的初中生表示曾遭受网络攻击行为,网络攻击行为已成为初中生自伤、自残,甚至自杀的主要根源之一[1]。网络攻击行为是指个体利用信息技术等手段对他人进行有目的的伤害,且这种伤害是被害人极力想避免的[2]。以往研究发现,童年期逆境经历、感知父母冲突、暴力环境接触、网络社会排斥等风险因素均显著预测初中生网络攻击行为[3-4]。然而,根据生态学理论的观点,个体的发展嵌套于相互影响的一系列环境系统之中,个体网络攻击行为的发生与生态风险因素的叠加有关[5]。生态风险因素是指人类生存环境中会增加个体消极发展结果可能性的特征,主要包含社会、家庭、学校、同伴等环境中对个体健康不利的因素[6],也就是说,初中生网络攻击行为的形成与各类生态风险因素的累积叠加有关。
以往的研究发现,攻击规范信念也是初中生攻击行为出现的主要原因之一[7]。攻击规范信念是指个体对攻击行为的可接受程度的认知评价[8]。相关研究表明,攻击规范信念会促使个体对环境中的信息进行敌意归因,是网络攻击行为发生的原因之一[9]。同时,攻击规范信念也是暴力暴露、感知父母冲突等风险因素的结果变量[10-11]。可以认为,累积生态风险不仅可以直接影响初中生网络攻击行为,还可以通过攻击规范信念影响网络攻击行为。即攻击规范信念在累积生态风险和初中生网络攻击行为之间起中介作用。
方便抽样的方法,本研究于2023年上半年抽取了内蒙古自治区通辽市2所中学的学生,共发放问卷400份,剔除无效问卷后,得到有效问卷340份问卷。其中男生207人,女生133人;初一156人,初二127人,初三57人;平均年龄为(13.92±0.70)岁,年龄分布范围为13~15岁。本研究由内蒙古师范大学伦理委员会审查通过,所有研究对象均知情同意,伦理审查编号为23060101。
综合前人研究[12-14],本研究选取童年期逆境经历[15]、友谊嫉妒[16]、感知父母冲突[17]、网络社会排斥[18]和暴力环境接触[19]等风险因子作为累积生态风险的指标。参照以往研究[19],采用累积风险模型进行建模,首先计算单个风险因子的总分,然后将每个风险因素得分的25或75百分位点作为临界值,对每个风险进行二分编码,最后将每个风险因素的得分相加,得到最终的累积生态风险得分。最低分0分,最高分5分,得分越高,表明个体累积生态风险越多。
由邵嵘和王云强修订[21]。问卷共20个条目,采用1(非常错误)~4(非常正确)4点计分。最低分20分,最高分80分,得分越高,说明被试的攻击规范信念水平越高。在本研究中,该问卷的Cronbach α系数为0.94。
由赵锋和高文斌编制[22]。问卷共15个条目,采用1(从不)~4(总是)4点计分。最低分15分,最高分60分,得分越高, 说明对他人实施的攻击行为越严重。在本研究中,该问卷的Cronbach α系数为0.96。
首先,征得被试知情同意;其次,在所在班级进行统一施测和回收;最后,对回收的问卷进行质量检查,检查内容包括是否存在漏答、错答、答题的真实性、答题时间(提交问卷小于5分钟或超过40分钟的问卷均做无效问卷处理)等。
采用 SPSS 26.0进行数据预处理,相关分析采用Pearson积差相关,共同方法偏差采用验证性因子分析法;采用 SPSS 宏程序 PROCESS 中偏差校正的非参数百分位 Bootstrap法检验中介效应。检验水准α=0.05。
采用验证性因子分析检验共同方法偏差[23]。对所有自评项目进行验证性因子分析,结果显示模型拟合度较差(χ2/df=3.81,CFI=0.79,TLI=0.77,RMSEA=0.09),因此,本研究不存在严重的共同方法偏差问题。
对网络攻击行为、累积生态风险和攻击规范信念进行描述性统计分析及在人口学变量上的差异检验。女生的友谊嫉妒、父母冲突和暴力环境接触均显著高于男生(P<0.05),结果显示14岁儿童较13岁和15岁儿童在友谊嫉妒、父母冲突、网络社会排斥及暴力环境接触等变量上存在显著差异(P<0.05),同时初二学生在父母冲突上与初一初三学生存在显著差异(P<0.05);而童年期逆境经历不存在人口学变量上的差异(P>0.05),友谊嫉妒、父母冲突和暴力环境接触在年级上不存在显著差异(P>0.05)。具体结果见表2
累积生态风险在性别和年龄上的差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),结果为女生高于男生,14岁高于其他年龄;女生、14岁及初二等类别均与其他类别存在显著差异(P<0.05),其中女生高于男生、14岁高于13岁、初二高于初一;而在网络攻击行为上同样女生高于男生,14岁高于13岁和15岁(P<0.05)。结果见表3
对累积生态风险、攻击规范信念和网络攻击行为进行积差相关分析。结果表明,累积生态风险与网络攻击行为呈正相关(r=0.51, P<0.01),与攻击规范信念呈正相关(r=0.53, P<0.01);攻击规范信念与网络攻击行为呈正相关(r=0.73, P<0.01)。
以累积生态风险作为自变量,初中生网络攻击行为作为因变量,控制变量为性别、年龄和年级进行回归分析。同时,采用SPSS的宏程序process插件并选择模型4,有放回的重复抽样5 000次。结果见表4~5
表5得知,中介效应值为0.33(占总体64.71%),直接效应值为0.18(占总体35.29%)。
本研究发现,累积生态风险与初中生网络攻击行为存在显著正相关关系,此结果验证了挫折—攻击理论的观点[24]。初中生生活环境所包含的风险因素引起的不利影响转化为个体的挫折,随着风险因素的累积,个体感受到的挫折也会增加,并且会唤醒初中生的攻击情绪[25],由于初中生的情绪调节能力是随着年龄的增加呈升高趋势[26],而在这期间情绪调节能力较弱,并不能有效降低自身挫折感,进而引发网络攻击行为。此外,从生态系统理论的视角剖析,累积生态风险是多个环境中的风险因素对个体的行为产生影响,而多个环境相互嵌套,每个环境对个体不仅有直接影响,还有通过其他环境间接对个体的行为产生的影响。本研究中个体层面的因素有童年期逆境经历和友谊嫉妒,家庭层面有感知父母冲突,社会层面有网络社会排斥和暴力环境接触。这些各层面的风险因素不仅有直接影响,还会互相结合对初中生的网络攻击行为产生更为复杂的影响,并且当我们只针对单个因素提出对策时往往无法解决其产生的行为,因此只有综合以上风险因素提出综合性更强的解决方案时才会有成效。
本研究同时发现,攻击规范信念在累积生态风险和网络攻击行为之间起中介作用,此结果验证了潜在威胁评估系统理论的观点[27-28]。潜在威胁评估系统是个体认知加工系统的主要组成部分,它主要负责个体对外界环境存在的危险信息进行评估,当外界环境刺激超过阈值时,个体会产生网络攻击行为保护自身,而不超过阈值时,则不对该刺激进行反应。初中生生活环境中风险因素的累积会让其长期处于高压环境中,容易产生偏激的认知,形成高攻击规范信念,导致个体阈值的降低,从而导致初中生容易对负性刺激的过度关注,进而对一些不具有危险的模糊刺激编码为包含攻击性的刺激,最终导致发生网络攻击行为。
本研究主要存在三方面不足,一是本研究为横断研究,不能有效揭示累积生态风险对网络攻击行为在时间上的动态变化,未来的研究可以采用纵向研究进行深度剖析;二是样本量不足,未来的研究应增大样本量,拓宽样本地区;三是本研究通过建构的方法计算了累积生态风险指数,该方法虽然较其他方法有多种优势,但依旧无法解决风险因素的加权问题,未来的研究可以在明确各个环境对个体的影响程度来解决加权问题。
  • 国家社会科学基金项目西部项目(22XSH002)
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2024年第51卷第10期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202311486
  • 接收时间:2023-11-27
  • 首发时间:2026-03-17
  • 出版时间:2024-05-25
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  • 收稿日期:2023-11-27
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国家社会科学基金项目西部项目(22XSH002)
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    1.内蒙古师范大学 心理学院,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010022
    2.内蒙古高校人文社科重点研究基地

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