Article(id=1240633246568992854, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240633237542851387, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202307189, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1690128000000, receivedDateStr=2023-07-24, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773719615832, onlineDateStr=2026-03-17, pubDate=1716566400000, pubDateStr=2024-05-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773719615832, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773719615832, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773719615832, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240633237542851387, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='10', pageStart='1729', pageEnd='1920', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773719613680, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773720039302, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1240635022806405370, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240633237542851387, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1240635022806405371, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240633237542851387, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1908, endPage=1913, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240633246879371378, articleId=1240633246568992854, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Current situations and influencing factors of chronic kidney disease among the elderly in urban communities, columnId=1228016569138213037, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Clinical Medicine and Prevention, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To understand the current situation of chronic kidney disease in the elderly in urban communities and to explore its influencing factors.

Methods

The data were based on the National Basic Public Health Service Project in Qingyang District, Chengdu in 2019. The physical examination data of the elderly aged 65 years or older were used and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated from serum creatinine using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation. CKD was defined as eGFR less than 60 mL/min per 1.73 m2. Kruskal-Wallis H test, Chi-square test and linear trend Chi-square test were used to compare the differences in the prevalence of CKD among the elderly in urban communities with different characteristics, and the influencing factors of CKD among the elderly in urban communities were explored by multivariate logistic regression model.

Results

Among the 23 851 elderly in urban communities, the prevalence of CKD was 9.8%, and the awareness rate was 6.7%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age 80 years or older (OR=9.874, 95%CI: 8.576-11.369, P<0.001), smoking (OR=1.221, 95%CI: 1.031-1.447, P=0.021), dyslipidemia (OR=1.400, 95%CI: 1.274-1.539, P<0.001), hypertension (OR=1.711, 95%CI: 1.546-1.894, P<0.001) and diabetes (OR=1.151, 95%CI: 1.043-1.27, P=0.005) were positively related to CKD. Higher education (OR=0.644, 95%CI: 0.526-0.787, P<0.001) and everyday physical activity (OR=0.647, 95%CI: 0.571-0.732, P<0.001) were negatively related to CKD.

Conclusion

The prevalence of CKD in the elderly in urban communities is high, but the awareness rate is low. To optimize the management of CKD in urban communities and aim at lowering the development of CKD and slowing its progression.

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目的

了解城市社区老年人慢性肾脏病患病现状并分析其影响因素。

方法

数据来源于2019年成都市青羊区国家基本公共卫生服务项目65岁及以上的老年人健康体检数据。根据慢性肾脏病流行病学合作组织的血清肌酐(CKD-EPI)方程估计肾小球滤过率,慢性肾脏病定义为肾小球滤过率小于60 ml/min/1.73 m2。运用Kruskal-Wallis H检验、χ2检验和线性趋势χ2检验比较不同特征城市社区老年人的慢性肾脏病患病差异,通过多因素logistic回归分析模型探究城市社区老年人慢性肾脏病的影响因素。

结果

23 851名城市社区老年人慢性肾脏病患病率9.8%,知晓率6.7%。多因素logistic回归结果显示,高龄(OR=9.874, 95%CI:8.576~11.369, P<0.001)、吸烟(OR=1.221, 95%CI:1.031~1.447, P=0.021)、血脂异常(OR=1.400, 95%CI:1.274~1.539, P<0.001)、高血压(OR=1.711, 95%CI:1.546~1.894, P<0.001)和糖尿病(OR=1.151, 95%CI:1.043~1.270, P=0.005)与慢性肾脏病呈正向相关。接受高等教育(OR=0.644, 95%CI:0.526~0.787, P<0.001和每天进行体育锻炼(OR=0.647, 95%CI:0.571~0.732, P<0.001)与慢性肾脏病呈现负向相关。

结论

城市社区老年人慢性肾脏病的患病率高、知晓率低,应优化城市社区老年人慢性肾脏病管理,预防老年人慢性肾脏病发生发展。

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杨洋,E-mail:
谢林伸,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=SOo8ATg8ZLT8yyaSp/KigA==, magXml=aYs4OWdQzHqqjgvCu5haxA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=7a2beBjbJ96LJXLmlTj3CQ==, pdfFileSize=563328, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=tCprg9wBok7y78g3zLI6Cg==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

付林(1997—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:社会医学与卫生事业管理

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付林(1997—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:社会医学与卫生事业管理

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付林(1997—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:社会医学与卫生事业管理

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Chinese Journal of Geriatrics, 2021, 40(12): 1583-1588., articleTitle=Prevalence of chronic kidney disease and its comorbidity analysis among the elderly in community of Suzhou, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240633258803778223, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633246568992854, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=29, issue=5, pageStart=738, pageEnd=740, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=29, authorNames=陈蕾, 李维, 刘巧艳, journalName=中国公共卫生, refType=null, unstructuredReference=陈蕾,李维,刘巧艳,等.社区老年人慢性病患病与生活方式调查[J].中国公共卫生201329(5):738-740., articleTitle=社区老年人慢性病患病与生活方式调查, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240633258904441523, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633246568992854, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=29, issue=5, pageStart=738, pageEnd=740, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=30, authorNames=Chen L, Li W, Liu QY, journalName=Chinese Journal of Public Health, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Chen L, Li W, Liu QY, et al. Investigation on chronic diseases and lifestyle of elderly in community[J]. Chinese Journal of Public Health, 2013, 29(5): 738-740., articleTitle=Investigation on chronic diseases and lifestyle of elderly in community, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240633259030270650, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633246568992854, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=32, issue=1, pageStart=239, pageEnd=253, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=31, authorNames=Kelly JT, Su GB, Zhang L, journalName=Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Kelly JT, Su GB, Zhang L, et al. Modifiable lifestyle factors for primary prevention of CKD: A systematic review and Meta-Analysis[J]. 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Kidney International, 2015, 88(5): 950-957., articleTitle=A systematic analysis of worldwide population-based data on the global burden of chronic kidney disease in 2010, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240633259202237119, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633246568992854, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=179, issue=6, pageStart=796, pageEnd=804, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=33, authorNames=Da silva selistre L, Rech DL, De souza V, journalName=JAMA Internal Medicine, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Da silva selistre L, Rech DL, De souza V, et al. Diagnostic performance of Creatinine-Based equations for estimating glomerular filtration rate in adults 65 years and older[J]. JAMA Internal Medicine, 2019, 179(6): 796-804., articleTitle=Diagnostic performance of Creatinine-Based equations for estimating glomerular filtration rate in adults 65 years and older, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1240633254504616473, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633246568992854, awardId=0040405502588, language=CN, fundingSource=成都市青羊区慢病干预研究(0040405502588), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1240633247558848678, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633246568992854, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240633247563042984, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633246568992854, companyId=1240633247558848678, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240633247571431593, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633246568992854, companyId=1240633247558848678, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/四川大学华西第四医院,四川 成都 610041)]), AuthorCompany(id=1240633247667900597, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633246568992854, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240633247676289207, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633246568992854, companyId=1240633247667900597, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.成都市青羊区疾病预防控制中心)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1240633252252275167, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633246568992854, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

GFR category in CKD

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GFR分期GFR(ml/min/1.73 m2定义
G1≥90正常或增高
G260-89轻度下降
G3a45-59轻到中度下降
G3b30-44中到重度下降
G415-29重度下降
G5<15肾功能衰竭
), ArticleFig(id=1240633252357132773, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633246568992854, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

CKD的GFR分期

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
GFR分期GFR(ml/min/1.73 m2定义
G1≥90正常或增高
G260-89轻度下降
G3a45-59轻到中度下降
G3b30-44中到重度下降
G415-29重度下降
G5<15肾功能衰竭
), ArticleFig(id=1240633252457796076, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633246568992854, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease in the study population

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
是否评估患CKD人数/构成比n/%(95%CI
合计
GFR分期
G17 38434.3 (33.7~35.0)7 38431.0 (30.4~31.5)
G214 13065.7 (65.0~66.3)14 13059.2 (58.6~59.9)
G3a1 76175.4 (73.6~77.1)1 7617.4 (7.1~7.7)
G3b45319.4 (17.8~21.0)4531.9 (1.7~2.1)
G4984.2 (3.5~5.1)980.4 (0.3~0.5)
G5251.1 (0.7~1.6)250.1 (0.1~0.2)
是否知晓患CKD
21 39999.5(99.4~99.6)2 18093.3(92.2~94.2)23 57998.9(98.7~99.0)
1150.5 (0.4~0.6)1576.7 (5.8~7.8)2721.1 (1.0~1.3)
合计21 51490.2 (89.8~90.6)2 3379.8 (9.4~10.2)23 851100
), ArticleFig(id=1240633252545876469, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633246568992854, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

城市社区老年人的慢性肾脏病患病情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
是否评估患CKD人数/构成比n/%(95%CI
合计
GFR分期
G17 38434.3 (33.7~35.0)7 38431.0 (30.4~31.5)
G214 13065.7 (65.0~66.3)14 13059.2 (58.6~59.9)
G3a1 76175.4 (73.6~77.1)1 7617.4 (7.1~7.7)
G3b45319.4 (17.8~21.0)4531.9 (1.7~2.1)
G4984.2 (3.5~5.1)980.4 (0.3~0.5)
G5251.1 (0.7~1.6)250.1 (0.1~0.2)
是否知晓患CKD
21 39999.5(99.4~99.6)2 18093.3(92.2~94.2)23 57998.9(98.7~99.0)
1150.5 (0.4~0.6)1576.7 (5.8~7.8)2721.1 (1.0~1.3)
合计21 51490.2 (89.8~90.6)2 3379.8 (9.4~10.2)23 851100
), ArticleFig(id=1240633252671705599, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633246568992854, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease in the elderly with different characteristics

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征/CKD人数/患病率N/(%)H/χ2P
性别2.310.1287
女性12 613(90.45)1 332(9.55)
男性8 901(89.85)1 005(10.15)
年龄(岁)a1 585.95<0.001
65~699 438(96.33)360(3.67)
70~746 342(92.29)530(7.71)
75~793 637(85.84)600(14.16)
≥802 097(71.23)847(28.77)
婚姻状况130.54<0.001
非在婚3 799(85.60)639(14.40)
在婚17 715(91.25)1 698(8.75)
文化程度b19.08<0.001
文盲或半文盲1 518(87.29)221(12.71)
初等教育5 245(90.09)577(9.91)
中等教育11 181(90.59)1 162(9.41)
高等教育3 570(90.45)377(9.55)
医疗保险42.01<0.001
217(92.34)18(7.66)
城镇职工基本医疗保险16 700(89.56)1 946(10.44)
城乡居民基本医疗保险4 571(92.55)368(7.45)
其他26(83.87)5(16.13)
体育锻炼a91.34<0.001
从不体育锻炼2 464(85.73)410(14.27)
偶尔928(87.88)128(12.12)
每周1次以上803(88.24)107(11.76)
每天17 319(91.10)1 692(8.90)
饮食习惯7.060.0293
荤素均衡20 171(90.32)2 162(9.68)
素食为主1 050(88.98)130(11.02)
荤食为主293(86.69)45(13.31)
吸烟情况b11.980.0025
从不吸烟15 973(90.30)1 715(9.70)
已戒烟3 173(88.83)399(11.17)
吸烟2 368(91.39)223(8.61)
饮酒情况b7.770.0510
从不饮酒14 600(89.91)1 639(10.09)
偶尔4 759(90.65)491(9.35)
经常453(89.53)53(10.47)
每天1 702(91.70)154(8.30)
BMIb16.050.0011
低体重581(90.22)63(9.78)
正常体重9 886(90.94)985(9.06)
超重8 617(89.82)977(10.18)
肥胖2 430(88.62)312(11.38)
中心型肥胖33.74<0.001
12 286(91.18)1 188(8.82)
9 228(88.93)1 149(11.07)
是否血脂异常18.63<0.001
14 431(90.79)1 464(9.21)
7 083(89.03)873(10.97)
是否自我报告和既往诊断患高血压297.41<0.001
9 982(93.90)648(6.10)
11 532(87.22)1 689(12.78)
是否自我报告和既往诊断患糖尿病55.63<0.001
16 010(91.06)1 572(8.94)
5 504(87.80)765(12.20)
), ArticleFig(id=1240633252793340423, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633246568992854, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

城市社区老年人不同特征的慢性肾脏病患病率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征/CKD人数/患病率N/(%)H/χ2P
性别2.310.1287
女性12 613(90.45)1 332(9.55)
男性8 901(89.85)1 005(10.15)
年龄(岁)a1 585.95<0.001
65~699 438(96.33)360(3.67)
70~746 342(92.29)530(7.71)
75~793 637(85.84)600(14.16)
≥802 097(71.23)847(28.77)
婚姻状况130.54<0.001
非在婚3 799(85.60)639(14.40)
在婚17 715(91.25)1 698(8.75)
文化程度b19.08<0.001
文盲或半文盲1 518(87.29)221(12.71)
初等教育5 245(90.09)577(9.91)
中等教育11 181(90.59)1 162(9.41)
高等教育3 570(90.45)377(9.55)
医疗保险42.01<0.001
217(92.34)18(7.66)
城镇职工基本医疗保险16 700(89.56)1 946(10.44)
城乡居民基本医疗保险4 571(92.55)368(7.45)
其他26(83.87)5(16.13)
体育锻炼a91.34<0.001
从不体育锻炼2 464(85.73)410(14.27)
偶尔928(87.88)128(12.12)
每周1次以上803(88.24)107(11.76)
每天17 319(91.10)1 692(8.90)
饮食习惯7.060.0293
荤素均衡20 171(90.32)2 162(9.68)
素食为主1 050(88.98)130(11.02)
荤食为主293(86.69)45(13.31)
吸烟情况b11.980.0025
从不吸烟15 973(90.30)1 715(9.70)
已戒烟3 173(88.83)399(11.17)
吸烟2 368(91.39)223(8.61)
饮酒情况b7.770.0510
从不饮酒14 600(89.91)1 639(10.09)
偶尔4 759(90.65)491(9.35)
经常453(89.53)53(10.47)
每天1 702(91.70)154(8.30)
BMIb16.050.0011
低体重581(90.22)63(9.78)
正常体重9 886(90.94)985(9.06)
超重8 617(89.82)977(10.18)
肥胖2 430(88.62)312(11.38)
中心型肥胖33.74<0.001
12 286(91.18)1 188(8.82)
9 228(88.93)1 149(11.07)
是否血脂异常18.63<0.001
14 431(90.79)1 464(9.21)
7 083(89.03)873(10.97)
是否自我报告和既往诊断患高血压297.41<0.001
9 982(93.90)648(6.10)
11 532(87.22)1 689(12.78)
是否自我报告和既往诊断患糖尿病55.63<0.001
16 010(91.06)1 572(8.94)
5 504(87.80)765(12.20)
), ArticleFig(id=1240633254303289866, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633246568992854, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Logistic regression analyses on Chronic Kidney Disease

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征OR (95% CI)P
年龄(岁)
65~691.000
70~742.132(1.856~2.450)<0.001
75~794.091(3.557~4.705)<0.001
≥809.874(8.576~11.369)<0.001
婚姻状况
非在婚1.000
在婚0.918(0.822~1.024)0.126
文化程度
文盲或半文盲1.000
初等教育0.860(0.719~1.030)0.101
中等教育0.807(0.677~0.962)0.017
高等教育0.644(0.526~0.787)<0.001
医疗保险
1
城镇职工基本医疗保险1.125(0.677~1.870)0.648
城乡居民基本医疗保险0.939(0.562~1.569)0.810
其他1.396(0.443~4.401)0.569
体育锻炼
从不体育锻炼1.000
偶尔0.881(0.702~1.104)0.271
每周1次以上0.842(0.661~1.072)0.163
每天0.647(0.571~0.732)<0.001
饮食习惯
荤素均衡1.000
素食为主1.085(0.890~1.322)0.420
荤食为主1.340(0.954~1.882)0.091
吸烟情况
从不吸烟1.000
已戒烟1.255(1.088~1.447)0.002
吸烟1.221(1.031~1.447)0.021
饮酒情况
从不饮酒1.000
偶尔0.934(0.822~1.061)0.295
经常1.006(0.735~1.378)0.969
每天0.832(0.683~1.015)0.070
BMI
低体重0.900(0.678~1.194)0.466
正常体重1.000
超重1.096(0.978~1.231)0.113
肥胖1.157(0.975~1.373)0.096
中心型肥胖
1.000
1.041(0.928~1.168)0.497
是否血脂异常
1.000
1.400(1.274~1.539)<0.001
是否自我报告和既往诊断患高血压
1.000
1.711(1.546~1.894)<0.001
是否自我报告和既往诊断患糖尿病
1.000
1.151(1.043~1.271)0.005
), ArticleFig(id=1240633254387175955, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633246568992854, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

城市社区老年人慢性肾脏病影响因素的logistic回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征OR (95% CI)P
年龄(岁)
65~691.000
70~742.132(1.856~2.450)<0.001
75~794.091(3.557~4.705)<0.001
≥809.874(8.576~11.369)<0.001
婚姻状况
非在婚1.000
在婚0.918(0.822~1.024)0.126
文化程度
文盲或半文盲1.000
初等教育0.860(0.719~1.030)0.101
中等教育0.807(0.677~0.962)0.017
高等教育0.644(0.526~0.787)<0.001
医疗保险
1
城镇职工基本医疗保险1.125(0.677~1.870)0.648
城乡居民基本医疗保险0.939(0.562~1.569)0.810
其他1.396(0.443~4.401)0.569
体育锻炼
从不体育锻炼1.000
偶尔0.881(0.702~1.104)0.271
每周1次以上0.842(0.661~1.072)0.163
每天0.647(0.571~0.732)<0.001
饮食习惯
荤素均衡1.000
素食为主1.085(0.890~1.322)0.420
荤食为主1.340(0.954~1.882)0.091
吸烟情况
从不吸烟1.000
已戒烟1.255(1.088~1.447)0.002
吸烟1.221(1.031~1.447)0.021
饮酒情况
从不饮酒1.000
偶尔0.934(0.822~1.061)0.295
经常1.006(0.735~1.378)0.969
每天0.832(0.683~1.015)0.070
BMI
低体重0.900(0.678~1.194)0.466
正常体重1.000
超重1.096(0.978~1.231)0.113
肥胖1.157(0.975~1.373)0.096
中心型肥胖
1.000
1.041(0.928~1.168)0.497
是否血脂异常
1.000
1.400(1.274~1.539)<0.001
是否自我报告和既往诊断患高血压
1.000
1.711(1.546~1.894)<0.001
是否自我报告和既往诊断患糖尿病
1.000
1.151(1.043~1.271)0.005
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城市社区老年人慢性肾脏病现状及其影响因素研究
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付林 1 , 夏舟容 1 , 蔡鹏 2 , 彭长燕 2 , 谢林伸 1 , 杨洋 1
现代预防医学 | 临床与预防 2024,51(10): 1908-1913
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现代预防医学 | 临床与预防 2024, 51(10): 1908-1913
城市社区老年人慢性肾脏病现状及其影响因素研究
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付林1, 夏舟容1, 蔡鹏2, 彭长燕2, 谢林伸1 , 杨洋1
作者信息
  • 1.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/四川大学华西第四医院,四川 成都 610041
  • 2.成都市青羊区疾病预防控制中心
  • 付林(1997—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:社会医学与卫生事业管理

通讯作者:

杨洋,E-mail:
谢林伸,E-mail:
Current situations and influencing factors of chronic kidney disease among the elderly in urban communities
Lin FU1, Zhou-rong XIA1, Peng CAI2, Chang-yan PENG2, Lin-shen XIE1 , Yang YANG1
Affiliations
  • West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
出版时间: 2024-05-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202307189
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目的

了解城市社区老年人慢性肾脏病患病现状并分析其影响因素。

方法

数据来源于2019年成都市青羊区国家基本公共卫生服务项目65岁及以上的老年人健康体检数据。根据慢性肾脏病流行病学合作组织的血清肌酐(CKD-EPI)方程估计肾小球滤过率,慢性肾脏病定义为肾小球滤过率小于60 ml/min/1.73 m2。运用Kruskal-Wallis H检验、χ2检验和线性趋势χ2检验比较不同特征城市社区老年人的慢性肾脏病患病差异,通过多因素logistic回归分析模型探究城市社区老年人慢性肾脏病的影响因素。

结果

23 851名城市社区老年人慢性肾脏病患病率9.8%,知晓率6.7%。多因素logistic回归结果显示,高龄(OR=9.874, 95%CI:8.576~11.369, P<0.001)、吸烟(OR=1.221, 95%CI:1.031~1.447, P=0.021)、血脂异常(OR=1.400, 95%CI:1.274~1.539, P<0.001)、高血压(OR=1.711, 95%CI:1.546~1.894, P<0.001)和糖尿病(OR=1.151, 95%CI:1.043~1.270, P=0.005)与慢性肾脏病呈正向相关。接受高等教育(OR=0.644, 95%CI:0.526~0.787, P<0.001和每天进行体育锻炼(OR=0.647, 95%CI:0.571~0.732, P<0.001)与慢性肾脏病呈现负向相关。

结论

城市社区老年人慢性肾脏病的患病率高、知晓率低,应优化城市社区老年人慢性肾脏病管理,预防老年人慢性肾脏病发生发展。

慢性肾脏病  /  影响因素  /  城市老年人  /  国家基本公共卫生服务
Objective

To understand the current situation of chronic kidney disease in the elderly in urban communities and to explore its influencing factors.

Methods

The data were based on the National Basic Public Health Service Project in Qingyang District, Chengdu in 2019. The physical examination data of the elderly aged 65 years or older were used and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated from serum creatinine using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation. CKD was defined as eGFR less than 60 mL/min per 1.73 m2. Kruskal-Wallis H test, Chi-square test and linear trend Chi-square test were used to compare the differences in the prevalence of CKD among the elderly in urban communities with different characteristics, and the influencing factors of CKD among the elderly in urban communities were explored by multivariate logistic regression model.

Results

Among the 23 851 elderly in urban communities, the prevalence of CKD was 9.8%, and the awareness rate was 6.7%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age 80 years or older (OR=9.874, 95%CI: 8.576-11.369, P<0.001), smoking (OR=1.221, 95%CI: 1.031-1.447, P=0.021), dyslipidemia (OR=1.400, 95%CI: 1.274-1.539, P<0.001), hypertension (OR=1.711, 95%CI: 1.546-1.894, P<0.001) and diabetes (OR=1.151, 95%CI: 1.043-1.27, P=0.005) were positively related to CKD. Higher education (OR=0.644, 95%CI: 0.526-0.787, P<0.001) and everyday physical activity (OR=0.647, 95%CI: 0.571-0.732, P<0.001) were negatively related to CKD.

Conclusion

The prevalence of CKD in the elderly in urban communities is high, but the awareness rate is low. To optimize the management of CKD in urban communities and aim at lowering the development of CKD and slowing its progression.

Chronic kidney disease  /  Influencing factors  /  Urban seniors  /  The Chinese Basic Public Health Service
付林, 夏舟容, 蔡鹏, 彭长燕, 谢林伸, 杨洋. 城市社区老年人慢性肾脏病现状及其影响因素研究. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (10) : 1908 -1913 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202307189
Lin FU, Zhou-rong XIA, Peng CAI, Chang-yan PENG, Lin-shen XIE, Yang YANG. Current situations and influencing factors of chronic kidney disease among the elderly in urban communities[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (10) : 1908 -1913 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202307189
慢性肾脏病(Chronic kidney disease, CKD)是一种患病率高、死亡率高以及知晓率低的慢性非传染性疾病[1]。在全球范围内,不同国家CKD患病率约为8%~16%[2],在65岁及以上人群中CKD患病率更高,约为23.4%~35.8%[3]。中国第六次慢性疾病及危险因素监测结果表明[4],我国成人CKD患病率为8.2%,且随着年龄的增长而显著增加。《中国防治慢性病中长期规划(2017~2025年)》中明确将肾脏疾病纳入慢性病范畴,但与高血压和糖尿病相比,CKD知晓率非常低,研究显示我国成人CKD知晓率约为8.7%~10.0%[4-5]。随着中国老龄化进程加剧,CKD发病率迅速增加,CKD患者发生终末期肾脏病(End stage renal disease,ESRD)、心血管事件和死亡风险极高[5]。CKD患病率增加、高危因素与进展过程认识不足是导致CKD发生ESRD的重要原因[6]。CKD导致的疾病负担正迅速增加,成为全球日益严重的公共卫生问题,到2040年,CKD或将成为全球第5大死亡原因,是全球死亡的主要原因之一[7-8]。目前针对城市社区老年人CKD研究还不完善,尽管国家基本公共卫生服务项目取得了一定成效,但主要集中于高血压和糖尿病管理,对于CKD管理还处于较低水平,本研究旨在分析城市社区老年人CKD患病率、知晓率及其影响因素,为城市社区老年人CKD公共卫生监测、健康促进以及公共卫生制度建设提供重要依据。
数据源于2019年成都市青羊区国家基本公共卫生服务项目老年人健康体检数据[9],项目适用于老年人、高血压、2型糖尿病患者等的年度健康检查。本研究选取65岁及以上老年人为研究对象,排除关键变量(包括BMI、腰围、血清肌酐、血清总胆固醇、血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、甘油三酯)缺失及存在异常值的数据,最终确定有效样本总计23 851例。本研究经四川大学华西第四医院/华西公共卫生学院伦理委员会审批通过(批件号:Gwll2023130)。
(1) CKD患病:根据改善全球肾脏病预后组织(Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes,KDIGO)临床实践指南的定义和分期,肾小球滤过率(estimated Glomerular filtration rate,eGFR)被认为是反映肾功能的最佳综合指标,CKD患病定义为eGFR<60 ml/min/1.73 m2,CKD的GFR分期见表1[10-11]。本研究采用慢性肾脏疾病流行病学合作组织(Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration,CKD-EPI)的肌酐方程估计老年人eGFR来评估肾脏功能[12-13]。(2) CKD知晓率:定义为CKD-EPI肌酐方程评估患CKD的老年人中,自我报告和既往医生诊断为CKD的占比,即是否知晓自我患CKD。
(1)社会人口学特征:性别、年龄、婚姻状况、文化程度、医疗保险。(2)健康相关行为:体育锻炼、饮食习惯、吸烟情况、饮酒情况。(3)健康状况:BMI、中心型肥胖、血脂异常情况、高血压患病情况、糖尿病患病情况。其中BMI<18.5 kg/m2为低体重、18.5 kg/m2≤BMI<24 kg/m2为正常体重、24 kg/m2≤BMI<28 kg/m2为超重以及BMI≥ 28 kg/m2为肥胖[14];中心型肥胖定义为男性腰围≥90 cm,女性腰围≥85 cm[15];血脂异常定义为血清总胆固醇≥6.2 mmol/L或血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇≥ 4.1 mmol/L或血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇<1.0 mmol/L或甘油三酯≥2.3 mmol/L[15];高血压、糖尿病、CKD患病情况为自我报告和既往医生诊断的现存健康问题,由社区医生根据居民健康档案信息填写。
采用StataSE 15.1软件对数据进行分析。计量资料采用均数和标准差、计数资料用构成比或率进行描述性统计。采用Kruskal-Wallis H检验、χ2检验和线性趋势χ2检验比较不同特征的城市社区老年人慢性肾脏病的患病率的差异,将可能影响城市社区老年人慢性肾脏病患病的因素进行单因素分析,CKD病因复杂,故按检验水准α=0.10纳入多因素logistic回归分析模型,分析城市社区老年人慢性肾脏病的影响因素。检验水准α=0.05。
本研究纳入共纳入23 851名65岁及以上的城市社区老年人。平均年龄(71.90±5.66)岁,65~69岁9 798人(41.08%)。女性13 945人(58.47%),男性9 906人(41.53%)。
由CKD-EPI方程评估的城市社区老年人患CKD有2 337人,患病率为9.8%。在GFR分期中,处于G2期占比最大为59.2%,在评估患CKD中,有75.4%处在G3a期。在根据CKD-EPI方程评估患有CKD的老年人中,自我报告和既往诊断患CKD的仅157人,知晓率为6.7%。详见表2。单因素分析结果显示,老年人CKD患者与非患者之间,婚姻状况、文化程度、医疗保险、饮食习惯、吸烟情况、BMI、中心型肥胖、血脂异常、高血压和糖尿病的分布存在显著差异(P均<0.05)。线性趋势χ2检验结果显示,随年龄的增长,老年人CKD患病率呈上升趋势(P<0.001);随体育锻炼频率的增加,老年人CKD患病率呈下降趋势(P<0.001)。详见表3
以城市社区老年人是否评估患CKD为因变量,根据单因素分析结果,将可能作为城市社区老年人患CKD的影响因素(P<0.10)进行多因素logistic回归分析。结果显示,接受高等教育(OR=0.644, 95%CI:0.526~0.787, P<0.001)和每天进行体育锻炼(OR=0.647, 95%CI:0.571~0.732, P<0.001)与CKD呈负向相关。高龄(OR=9.874, 95%CI:8.576~11.369, P<0.001)、吸烟(OR=1.221, 95%CI:1.031~1.447, P=0.021)、血脂异常(OR=1.400, 95%CI:1.274~1.539, P<0.001)、高血压(OR=1.711, 95%CI:1.546~1.894, P<0.001)和糖尿病(OR=1.151, 95%CI:1.043~1.270, P=0.005)与CKD呈正向相关。性别、婚姻状况、医疗保险、BMI、是否中心型肥胖、饮食习惯、饮酒情况与CKD患病关联均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。详见表4
本研究结果显示,成都市城市社区老年人CKD患病率为9.8%,低于全国老年人CKD患病率19.25%[16],以长沙市城区老年人CKD患病率19.75%[17]和上海市静安、闵行两区CKD老年人的患病率14.95%[18]。研究发现,在患有CKD的老年人中75.4%处于G3a期,明显高于其他各期,在疾病早期阶段最为常见。CKD起病隐匿,当疾病发展至G3期时,患者发生并发症风险和进展至ESRD的风险显著增高[19],可见CKD若能早期发现、早期治疗,改善其生活方式,可延缓CKD发生发展,CKD将得到良好控制。
本研究中城市社区老年人CKD知晓率仅为6.7%,低于全国CKD知晓率8.7%[5]、苏州市城市社区老年人CKD知晓率13.9%[20]。CKD知晓率处于较低水平,提示CKD大多未能被早期发现,加强城市社区老年人CKD健康教育,开展CKD早期筛查,对于提高城市社区老年CKD知晓率,延缓或逆转CKD发展至关重要[19]。然而,目前CKD知晓率较低,与高血压知晓率(68.1%)和糖尿病知晓率(42.7%)相比更是存在巨大差距[5],高血压、糖尿病的高知晓率得益于过去20年对其开展了大力的健康教育,而CKD引起公众关注的时间还较短,了解CKD患病情况,探索高血压、糖尿病与CKD协调综合控制对于社区慢病管理尤为重要。
城市社区老年人CKD多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,高龄、吸烟、血脂异常、高血压和糖尿病与CKD呈正向相关;接受高等教育和每天进行体育锻炼与CKD呈向负相关。随着年龄增加,CKD的患病风险也增加,80岁及以上老年人CKD患病风险是65~70岁老年人CKD患病风险的9.874倍,年龄是CKD的危险因素与其他研究一致[17-18]。已有研究表明[21],生活方式是慢性病患病最重要的影响因素之一,本研究中,已戒烟和吸烟的老年人,其CKD患病风险分别是从不吸烟老年人的1.255倍和1.221倍,每天进行体育锻炼的老年人患病风险更低(OR=0.648),与其他研究结果一致[22]。培养健康的生活方式,如进行体育锻炼、避免吸烟,可降低CKD发生,控制CKD病程,提高老年人生活质量。同时,血脂异常、高血压和糖尿病均会增加CKD患病风险,是CKD危险因素,与其他研究结果一致[23]。有研究表明[19],血脂异常可导致肾小球硬化和肾间质纤维化;高血压可导致肾损害,也可促进CKD进展,使CKD患者预后不良;糖尿病肾病是糖尿病最常见的微血管并发症之一,有25%~40%糖尿病患者可出现肾脏受累。由于血脂异常、高血压、糖尿病对CKD的影响,优化社区老年人慢病管理,探索多种慢病协调管理新模式十分必要。
本研究还存在一些局限性,单独使用血清肌酐作为内源性标志物有一些局限性,老年人肌肉萎缩、蛋白质摄入量减少造成肌酐生成量相应减少[24],在未来的研究中可将血清肌酐和胱抑素C联合评估CKD。
综上所述,提高城市社区老年人CKD知晓率,引导积极健康的生活方式,如倡导每日进行体育锻炼、避免吸烟,从而延缓或逆转CKD的发生和进展。加强CKD筛查,早发现、早诊断、早治疗,积极应对CKD威胁,以高血压、糖尿病管理为切入点,多种慢病协同管理,逐步探索更加综合的城市社区慢性病管理新模式,提高城市社区老年人生命质量,促进公众健康。
  • 成都市青羊区慢病干预研究(0040405502588)
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2024年第51卷第10期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202307189
  • 接收时间:2023-07-24
  • 首发时间:2026-03-17
  • 出版时间:2024-05-25
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  • 收稿日期:2023-07-24
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成都市青羊区慢病干预研究(0040405502588)
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    1.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/四川大学华西第四医院,四川 成都 610041
    2.成都市青羊区疾病预防控制中心

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Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
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Percentage of total
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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