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Article(id=1240633244736091125, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240633237542851387, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202401377, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1705939200000, receivedDateStr=2024-01-23, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773719615395, onlineDateStr=2026-03-17, pubDate=1716566400000, pubDateStr=2024-05-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773719615395, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773719615395, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773719615395, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240633237542851387, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='10', pageStart='1729', pageEnd='1920', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773719613680, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773720039302, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1240635022806405370, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240633237542851387, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1240635022806405371, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240633237542851387, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1872, endPage=1877, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240633246103433273, articleId=1240633244736091125, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Knowledge of core concepts regarding chronic diseases among Han and Minority residents in Shimian County, columnId=1228016573156360233, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Disease Control and Prevention, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To understand the awareness of core knowledge of Non-Communicable Chronic Diseases among multi-ethnic residents in Shimian County, a minority-concentrated area in southern Sichuan, and its influencing factors, and to provide strategic suggestions for Non-Communicable Chronic Diseases prevention and treatment.

Methods

A multi-stage cluster sampling method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey of 4 160 permanent residents aged 18 and above in Shimian County from May to November 2022. The scores and awareness rates of the core knowledge of Non-Communicable Chronic Diseases among Han and minority residents were calculated separately. A multiple logistic regression model was used to analyze the knowledge and awareness of the core Non-Communicable Chronic Diseases among residents of different ethnic groups and their influencing factors.

Results

The median score for the core knowledge of chronic diseases among the residents of Shimian County was 40 points. Among them, the median score for the core knowledge of chronic diseases among Han residents was 50 points, which was higher than the median score of 40 for ethnic minorities (Z=-3.905, P<0.001). The awareness rate of core knowledge of chronic diseases among the residents of Shimian County was 36.7%, and the awareness rate among Han residents (38.1%) was higher than that of ethnic minorities (31.6%) (χ2=12.544, P<0.001). Both Han and ethnic minority residents had the highest correct answer rate for social responsibility for chronic disease prevention and control (Han: 68.89%; ethnic minorities: 67.67%), and the lowest correct answer rate for knowledge about cardiovascular disease prevention (Han: 18.60%; ethnic minorities: 19.47%). The results of multifactor logistic regression analysis showed that regardless of Han or ethnic minorities, having a bachelor’s degree or above (Han: OR=3.77, 95%CI:1.99-4.32; ethnic minorities: OR=9.98, 95%CI: 5.61-17.72) and sufficient physical activity (Han: OR=2.30, 95%CI: 1.97-2.69; ethnic minorities: OR=1.89, 95%CI: 1.36-2.62)were promoting factors for the awareness of core knowledge of chronic diseases, while engaging in non-physical labor(Han: OR=0.63, 95%CI:0.54-0.73; ethnic minorities: OR=0.46, 95%CI: 0.33-0.64) was a hindrance factor for the awareness of core knowledge of chronic diseases, and being middle-aged and elderly was a hindrance factor for the awareness of core knowledge of chronic diseases among Han residents (OR=0.76, 95%CI:0.60-0.98).

Conclusion

The awareness level of core knowledge of chronic diseases among residents of all ethnic groups in Shimian County needs further improvement. Regardless of whether they are Han or ethnic minorities, with low educational levels, engaged in non-physical labor, and lacking physical activity, they should be the key populations for health education on core knowledge of Non-Communicable Chronic Diseases.

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目的

了解四川南部少数民族聚居地石棉县居民慢性病核心知识知晓状况及其影响因素，为慢性病防治知识科普提供策略建议。

方法

采用多阶段随机抽样于2022年5—11月在石棉县抽取4 160名18岁及以上常住居民进行入户问卷调查，分别计算汉族和少数民族居民慢性病核心知识得分和知晓率，采用多因素logistic回归模型分析不同民族居民慢性病核心知识知晓状况及其影响因素。

结果

石棉县居民慢性病核心知识的得分中位数为40分，其中汉族居民慢性病核心知识得分中位数50分，高于少数民族的得分中位数40分（Z=-3.905，P<0.001）。石棉县居民慢性病核心知识知晓率为36.7%，汉族居民知晓率（38.1%）高于少数民族（31.6%）（χ2=12.544，P<0.001）。汉族和少数民族居民对慢性病防控社会责任回答正确率最高（汉族：68.89%；少数民族：67.67%），对心血管病防治方面的知识回答正确率最低（汉族：18.60%；少数民族：19.47%）。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示，无论汉族或者少数民族，文化程度本科及以上（汉族：OR=3.77,95%CI:1.99~4.32；少数民族：OR=9.98,95%CI:5.61~17.72）、体力活动充足（汉族：OR=2.30,95%CI:1.97~2.69；少数民族：OR=1.89,95%CI:1.36~2.62）是慢性病核心知识知晓的促进因素，从事非体力劳动（汉族：OR=0.63,95%CI: 0.54~0.73；少数民族：OR=0.46,95%CI: 0.33~0.64）是居民慢性病核心知识知晓的妨碍因素，汉族居民中老年是慢性病核心知识知晓的妨碍因素（OR=0.76,95%CI:0.60~0.98）。

结论

石棉县各民族居民慢性病核心知识知晓水平均需要进一步提高，其中文化程度低、从事非体力劳动、体力活动不足者的居民是慢性病核心知识健康教育重点人群。

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蒋莉华，E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点，除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=1Dt13wUZJh/zL/DEwcojMw==, magXml=jfI+6aRYFKV03qy5dN3tOA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=Zg1+AS1g5aaRKX9hJBgOuQ==, pdfFileSize=585320, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=LaU0TAE3D9c8RiC53NwakA==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

徐新茂（2000—），女，硕士在读，研究方向：卫生政策与管理

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徐新茂（2000—），女，硕士在读，研究方向：卫生政策与管理

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Chinese Journal of Public Health, 2021, 37(6): 915-920., articleTitle=Changing trend in health literacy about chronic disease prevention and treatment among Chinese residents,2012-2017:an age-period-cohort analysis, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1240633254865334845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633244736091125, awardId=SCUSK1119, language=CN, fundingSource=石棉县慢性病防控社会因素调查项目(SCUSK1119), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1240633246959071358, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633244736091125, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240633246971654271, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633244736091125, companyId=1240633246959071358, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Department of Health Policy and Management, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240633246980042881, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633244736091125, companyId=1240633246959071358, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/四川大学华西第四医院 卫生政策与管理学系，成都 610041)]), AuthorCompany(id=1240633247105872012, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633244736091125, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240633247114260621, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633244736091125, companyId=1240633247105872012, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.石棉县疾病预防控制中心)]), AuthorCompany(id=1240633247240089751, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633244736091125, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240633247248478358, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633244736091125, companyId=1240633247240089751, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.四川大学华西临床医学院/四川大学华西医院 全科医学中心/全科医学教研室)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1240633252608799218, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633244736091125, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Assignment of each variable

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量赋值情况
居民是否知晓慢性病核心知识0 =不知晓（<60分），1 = 知晓（≥60分）
性别1=男，2=女
年龄（岁）1=18～44，2=45～59，3=≥60
职业1=体力劳动，2=非体力劳动
文化程度1=小学及以下，2=初中，3=高中/中专/技校，4=大专及以上
吸烟情况1=是，0=否
饮酒情况1=是，0=否
体力活动1=体力活动充足，0=体力活动不足
是否患慢性病1=是，0=否
), ArticleFig(id=1240633252776571390, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633244736091125, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

各变量赋值情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量赋值情况
居民是否知晓慢性病核心知识0 =不知晓（<60分），1 = 知晓（≥60分）
性别1=男，2=女
年龄（岁）1=18～44，2=45～59，3=≥60
职业1=体力劳动，2=非体力劳动
文化程度1=小学及以下，2=初中，3=高中/中专/技校，4=大专及以上
吸烟情况1=是，0=否
饮酒情况1=是，0=否
体力活动1=体力活动充足，0=体力活动不足
是否患慢性病1=是，0=否
), ArticleFig(id=1240633252902400518, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633244736091125, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Correct rate of core knowledge items of chronic diseases among Han and ethnic minority residents

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
防治知识汉族（n=3 275）少数民族（n=885）合计（n=4 160）
正确人数正确率（%）正确人数正确率（%）正确人数正确率（%）
慢性病危害1 26338.5625729.041 52036.54
相关危险因素1 38742.3532536.721 71241.15
健康生活方式1 85856.7349555.932 35356.56
定期体检指标1 31040.0034338.761 65339.74
慢性病患者就诊72322.0824627.8096923.29
心血管病防治60918.6020122.7181019.47
癌症防治1 16135.4533037.291 49135.84
糖尿病防治1 39342.5327831.411 67140.17
慢性呼吸系统防治1 70952.1845451.302 16352.00
慢性病防控社会责任2 25668.8955963.162 81567.67
), ArticleFig(id=1240633254353629711, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633244736091125, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

汉族与少数民族居民慢性病核心知识条目正确率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
防治知识汉族（n=3 275）少数民族（n=885）合计（n=4 160）
正确人数正确率（%）正确人数正确率（%）正确人数正确率（%）
慢性病危害1 26338.5625729.041 52036.54
相关危险因素1 38742.3532536.721 71241.15
健康生活方式1 85856.7349555.932 35356.56
定期体检指标1 31040.0034338.761 65339.74
慢性病患者就诊72322.0824627.8096923.29
心血管病防治60918.6020122.7181019.47
癌症防治1 16135.4533037.291 49135.84
糖尿病防治1 39342.5327831.411 67140.17
慢性呼吸系统防治1 70952.1845451.302 16352.00
慢性病防控社会责任2 25668.8955963.162 81567.67
), ArticleFig(id=1240633254450098710, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633244736091125, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Awareness of core knowledge of chronic diseases among Han and ethnic minority residents

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
人口学特征汉族χ2P少数民族χ2P
知晓数（人）知晓率（%）知晓数（人）知晓率（%）
性别2.2700.1320.0780.780
男58139.511831.1
女66737.016232.0
年龄（岁）59.135<0.00121.992<0.001
18～4430348.911241.8
45～5952940.010630.4
≥6041631.26223.1
文化程度122.012<0.00187.564<0.001
小学及以下65431.910323.0
初中29742.98829.9
高中/中专/技校11748.52446.2
大专及以上18062.16571.4
职业26.149<0.0016.1300.013
体力劳动61043.114235.9
非体力劳动63834.313828.2
吸烟情况0.4400.5070.2290.632
不吸烟97137.821732.1
吸烟27739.26330.3
饮酒情况8.2980.0047.4840.006
不饮酒99237.020429.4
饮酒25643.37644.4
体力活动136.174<0.00118.115<0.001
体力活动不足69431.316327.1
体力活动充足55452.511741.3
是否患慢性病
否89037.60.8130.36720131.60.0070.931
是35839.37931.9
), ArticleFig(id=1240633254542373409, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633244736091125, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

汉族与少数民族居民慢性病核心知识知晓情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
人口学特征汉族χ2P少数民族χ2P
知晓数（人）知晓率（%）知晓数（人）知晓率（%）
性别2.2700.1320.0780.780
男58139.511831.1
女66737.016232.0
年龄（岁）59.135<0.00121.992<0.001
18～4430348.911241.8
45～5952940.010630.4
≥6041631.26223.1
文化程度122.012<0.00187.564<0.001
小学及以下65431.910323.0
初中29742.98829.9
高中/中专/技校11748.52446.2
大专及以上18062.16571.4
职业26.149<0.0016.1300.013
体力劳动61043.114235.9
非体力劳动63834.313828.2
吸烟情况0.4400.5070.2290.632
不吸烟97137.821732.1
吸烟27739.26330.3
饮酒情况8.2980.0047.4840.006
不饮酒99237.020429.4
饮酒25643.37644.4
体力活动136.174<0.00118.115<0.001
体力活动不足69431.316327.1
体力活动充足55452.511741.3
是否患慢性病
否89037.60.8130.36720131.60.0070.931
是35839.37931.9
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Multivariate logistic regression analysis of the influencing factors of core knowledge awareness of chronic diseases among residents of different ethnic groups

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影响因素参照组汉族少数民族
âPOR值（95%CI）âPOR值（95%CI）
年龄（岁）
45～5918～440.0040.9751.00（0.79～1.26）-0.1460.4590.86（0.58～1.27）
≥60-0.2630.0360.76（0.60～0.98）-0.4260.0500.65（0.42～1.00）
文化程度
初中小学及以下0.377<0.0011.45（1.20～1.76）0.2290.2001.25（0.88～1.78）
高中/中专/技校0.720<0.0012.05（1.38～2.56）0.9590.0032.61（1.39～4.88）
本科/大专及以上1.329<0.0013.77（1.99～4.32）2.301<0.0019.98（5.61～17.72）
职业
非体力劳动体力劳动-0.458<0.0010.63（0.54～0.73）-0.763<0.0010.46（0.33～0.64）
饮酒情况
饮酒不饮酒-0.0150.8790.98（0.81～1.19）0.0320.8651.03（0.71～1.49）
体力活动
体力活动充足体力活动不足0.834<0.0012.30（1.97～2.69）0.637<0.0011.89（1.36～2.62）
常量-0.675<0.001-0.832<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1240633254743700016, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633244736091125, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同民族居民慢性病核心知识知晓影响因素的多因素logistic 回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
影响因素参照组汉族少数民族
âPOR值（95%CI）âPOR值（95%CI）
年龄（岁）
45～5918～440.0040.9751.00（0.79～1.26）-0.1460.4590.86（0.58～1.27）
≥60-0.2630.0360.76（0.60～0.98）-0.4260.0500.65（0.42～1.00）
文化程度
初中小学及以下0.377<0.0011.45（1.20～1.76）0.2290.2001.25（0.88～1.78）
高中/中专/技校0.720<0.0012.05（1.38～2.56）0.9590.0032.61（1.39～4.88）
本科/大专及以上1.329<0.0013.77（1.99～4.32）2.301<0.0019.98（5.61～17.72）
职业
非体力劳动体力劳动-0.458<0.0010.63（0.54～0.73）-0.763<0.0010.46（0.33～0.64）
饮酒情况
饮酒不饮酒-0.0150.8790.98（0.81～1.19）0.0320.8651.03（0.71～1.49）
体力活动
体力活动充足体力活动不足0.834<0.0012.30（1.97～2.69）0.637<0.0011.89（1.36～2.62）
常量-0.675<0.001-0.832<0.001
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石棉县汉族与少数民族居民慢性病核心知识知晓状况及其影响因素
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徐新茂 1 , 龙宇 1 , 张换芳 1 , 彭银辉 1 , 马思思 1 , 赵莉 1 , 昝定强 2 , 蒋莉华 3, 1
现代预防医学 | 疾病预防控制 2024,51(10): 1872-1877
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现代预防医学 | 疾病预防控制 2024, 51(10): 1872-1877
石棉县汉族与少数民族居民慢性病核心知识知晓状况及其影响因素
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徐新茂1, 龙宇1, 张换芳1, 彭银辉1, 马思思1, 赵莉1, 昝定强2, 蒋莉华3, 1
作者信息
  • 1.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/四川大学华西第四医院 卫生政策与管理学系，成都 610041
  • 2.石棉县疾病预防控制中心
  • 3.四川大学华西临床医学院/四川大学华西医院 全科医学中心/全科医学教研室

    • 徐新茂（2000—），女，硕士在读，研究方向：卫生政策与管理

通讯作者:

蒋莉华，E-mail:
Knowledge of core concepts regarding chronic diseases among Han and Minority residents in Shimian County
Xin-mao XU1, yu LONG1, Huan-fang ZHANG1, Yin-hui PENG1, Si-si MA1, Li ZHAO1, Ding-qiang ZAN2, Li-hua JIANG3, 1
Affiliations
  • Department of Health Policy and Management, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
出版时间: 2024-05-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202401377
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摘要
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目的

了解四川南部少数民族聚居地石棉县居民慢性病核心知识知晓状况及其影响因素，为慢性病防治知识科普提供策略建议。

方法

采用多阶段随机抽样于2022年5—11月在石棉县抽取4 160名18岁及以上常住居民进行入户问卷调查，分别计算汉族和少数民族居民慢性病核心知识得分和知晓率，采用多因素logistic回归模型分析不同民族居民慢性病核心知识知晓状况及其影响因素。

结果

石棉县居民慢性病核心知识的得分中位数为40分，其中汉族居民慢性病核心知识得分中位数50分，高于少数民族的得分中位数40分（Z=-3.905，P<0.001）。石棉县居民慢性病核心知识知晓率为36.7%，汉族居民知晓率（38.1%）高于少数民族（31.6%）（χ2=12.544，P<0.001）。汉族和少数民族居民对慢性病防控社会责任回答正确率最高（汉族：68.89%；少数民族：67.67%），对心血管病防治方面的知识回答正确率最低（汉族：18.60%；少数民族：19.47%）。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示，无论汉族或者少数民族，文化程度本科及以上（汉族：OR=3.77,95%CI:1.99~4.32；少数民族：OR=9.98,95%CI:5.61~17.72）、体力活动充足（汉族：OR=2.30,95%CI:1.97~2.69；少数民族：OR=1.89,95%CI:1.36~2.62）是慢性病核心知识知晓的促进因素，从事非体力劳动（汉族：OR=0.63,95%CI: 0.54~0.73；少数民族：OR=0.46,95%CI: 0.33~0.64）是居民慢性病核心知识知晓的妨碍因素，汉族居民中老年是慢性病核心知识知晓的妨碍因素（OR=0.76,95%CI:0.60~0.98）。

结论

石棉县各民族居民慢性病核心知识知晓水平均需要进一步提高，其中文化程度低、从事非体力劳动、体力活动不足者的居民是慢性病核心知识健康教育重点人群。

慢性病核心知识  /  知晓率  /  少数民族  /  影响因素
Objective

To understand the awareness of core knowledge of Non-Communicable Chronic Diseases among multi-ethnic residents in Shimian County, a minority-concentrated area in southern Sichuan, and its influencing factors, and to provide strategic suggestions for Non-Communicable Chronic Diseases prevention and treatment.

Methods

A multi-stage cluster sampling method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey of 4 160 permanent residents aged 18 and above in Shimian County from May to November 2022. The scores and awareness rates of the core knowledge of Non-Communicable Chronic Diseases among Han and minority residents were calculated separately. A multiple logistic regression model was used to analyze the knowledge and awareness of the core Non-Communicable Chronic Diseases among residents of different ethnic groups and their influencing factors.

Results

The median score for the core knowledge of chronic diseases among the residents of Shimian County was 40 points. Among them, the median score for the core knowledge of chronic diseases among Han residents was 50 points, which was higher than the median score of 40 for ethnic minorities (Z=-3.905, P<0.001). The awareness rate of core knowledge of chronic diseases among the residents of Shimian County was 36.7%, and the awareness rate among Han residents (38.1%) was higher than that of ethnic minorities (31.6%) (χ2=12.544, P<0.001). Both Han and ethnic minority residents had the highest correct answer rate for social responsibility for chronic disease prevention and control (Han: 68.89%; ethnic minorities: 67.67%), and the lowest correct answer rate for knowledge about cardiovascular disease prevention (Han: 18.60%; ethnic minorities: 19.47%). The results of multifactor logistic regression analysis showed that regardless of Han or ethnic minorities, having a bachelor’s degree or above (Han: OR=3.77, 95%CI:1.99-4.32; ethnic minorities: OR=9.98, 95%CI: 5.61-17.72) and sufficient physical activity (Han: OR=2.30, 95%CI: 1.97-2.69; ethnic minorities: OR=1.89, 95%CI: 1.36-2.62)were promoting factors for the awareness of core knowledge of chronic diseases, while engaging in non-physical labor(Han: OR=0.63, 95%CI:0.54-0.73; ethnic minorities: OR=0.46, 95%CI: 0.33-0.64) was a hindrance factor for the awareness of core knowledge of chronic diseases, and being middle-aged and elderly was a hindrance factor for the awareness of core knowledge of chronic diseases among Han residents (OR=0.76, 95%CI:0.60-0.98).

Conclusion

The awareness level of core knowledge of chronic diseases among residents of all ethnic groups in Shimian County needs further improvement. Regardless of whether they are Han or ethnic minorities, with low educational levels, engaged in non-physical labor, and lacking physical activity, they should be the key populations for health education on core knowledge of Non-Communicable Chronic Diseases.

Core knowledge of Non-Communicable Chronic Diseases  /  Awareness rate  /  Minority  /  Influencing factors
徐新茂, 龙宇, 张换芳, 彭银辉, 马思思, 赵莉, 昝定强, 蒋莉华. 石棉县汉族与少数民族居民慢性病核心知识知晓状况及其影响因素. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (10) : 1872 -1877 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202401377
Xin-mao XU, yu LONG, Huan-fang ZHANG, Yin-hui PENG, Si-si MA, Li ZHAO, Ding-qiang ZAN, Li-hua JIANG. Knowledge of core concepts regarding chronic diseases among Han and Minority residents in Shimian County[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (10) : 1872 -1877 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202401377
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慢性病已成为全球最主要的死因和致残因素，给人类健康和社会经济发展带来巨大负担[1]。我国居民慢性病发病率高，知晓率、治疗率和控制率低[2]。提高居民慢性病知识知晓水平，是有效预防和控制慢性病的重要途径[3]。石棉县位于四川省南部，接壤甘孜、阿坝、凉山，通往云南、西藏，素有“民族走廊”之称，是汉族、彝族、藏族等多民族聚居地。地理位置和经济条件可能影响了当地居民的健康知识获取和健康相关行为[4]。本研究对石棉县居民慢性病核心知识知晓状况及其影响因素进行调查，为提升当地居民慢性病核心知识知晓率提供数据支持和政策建议。
1　对象与方法
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1.1　研究对象
研究对象为石棉县18岁及以上常住居民。根据以下参数进行样本量的估计：四川省2018年成人糖尿病患病率（10.29%）、设计效率值（2）、相对误差（r=15%）、预期应答率（85%），测算所需样本量取4 000人。
采用多阶段随机抽样方法，于2022年5—11月从石棉全县12个乡镇/街道中根据经济水平分层和人口比例随机抽取5个卫生服务片区，再从每个片区中随机抽取1个乡镇/街道，然后从每个乡镇/街道中随机抽取5个行政村/社区，最后从每个行政村/社区中随机抽取不低于170个居民户。每户按照生日表法对1名18岁及以上常住居民进行入户问卷调查。所有调查对象在开始调查之前均充分告知调查内容并签署知情同意书。本研究已通过四川大学华西医院生物医学伦理委员会审批，编号：2021年审（702）号。
1.2　调查工具
居民慢性病核心知识调查采用原卫生部 2012 年发布的“慢性病慢性病防治核心知识”调查问卷，包括慢性病危害、相关危险因素、健康生活方式、定期体检指标、慢性病患者就诊、心血管病防治、癌症防治、糖尿病防治、慢性呼吸系统防治、慢性病防控社会责任10个条目。答对1个条目计10分，总分为100分[5]。单个居民慢性病核心知识知晓问卷回答正确题数大于等于6个，即得分大于等于60分，定义为知晓，否则为不知晓[6]。
同时调查对象的社会人口学特征（性别、年龄、民族、学历、职业）、是否患有慢性病、健康相关行为生活方式（吸烟、饮酒、体力活动）等。职业类型分为2类，分别是体力劳动者、非体力劳动者。研究对象的文化程度为4类，分别是小学及以下、初中、高中/中专/技校、大专及以上。吸烟指调查时存在吸烟行为[7]。饮酒指近1年存在饮酒行为[8]。体力活动情况按每周参与中等强度体育锻炼时间分为体力活动不足（<150 min/周)、体力活动充足（≥150 min/周)[9]。慢性病史由研究对象自我报告，包括是否患有心脑血管疾病、癌症、慢性呼吸系统疾病、代谢性疾病、消化系统疾病、泌尿生殖系统疾病、运动系统疾病、其他慢性病，分为“是”（患有一种及以上）、“否”二类。研究变量的赋值情况详见表1。
1.3　统计学处理
使用SPSS 27.0软件对数据进行描述性分析，计数资料用构成比或百分率（%）进行描述，组间差异比较采用χ2检验，计量资料用中位数表示，组间差异比较采用Mann-Whitney U检验。使用多因素logistic回归分别分析探讨汉族和少数民族居民慢性病核心知识知晓的影响因素，计算比值比（odds ratio，OR）值和95%可信限（confidence interval，CI）。检验水准α=0.05。
2　结果
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2.1　调查对象的一般情况
本次调查中，有效完成问卷4 160人（有效应答率=97.9%）。其中汉族3 275人（78.7%），少数民族885人（21.3%）。平均年龄为54.37±13.51岁，其中年龄15～44岁888人（21.30%），45～59岁1 672人（40.2%），≥60岁1 600人（38.5%）；文化程度小学及以下2 674人（64.3%），初中828人（19.9%），高中/中专/技校293人（7.0%），大专及以上365人（8.8%）；职业中从事体力劳动1 811人（43.5%），非体力劳动2 349人（56.4%）；吸烟915人（22.0%），饮酒782人（18.8%），体力活动不足2 821人（67.8%）；慢性病患病1 558人（27.8%）。
2.2　慢性病核心知识总体得分与条目正确率
石棉县居民慢性病核心知识得分中位数为40分，其中汉族居民慢性病核心知识得分中位数50分，少数民族得分中位数为40分，二者间的差异具有统计学意义（Z=-3.905，P<0.001）。居民对慢性病防控社会责任回答的正确率最高（汉族：68.89%；少数民族：67.67%），其次是健康生活方式（汉族：56.73%；少数民族：56.56%）和慢性呼吸系统防治（汉族：52.18%；少数民族：52.00%），心血管病防治回答正确率最低（汉族：18.60%；少数民族：19.47%）。详见表2。
2.3　慢性病核心知识知晓率
石棉县居民慢性病核心知识的总体知晓率为36.7%（1 528/4 160），其中汉族居民慢性病核心知识知晓率为38.1%（1 148/3 275），高于少数民族居民慢性病核心知识的知晓率31.6%（280/885）（χ2=12.544，P<0.001）。不同特征汉族居民比较，不同年龄、文化程度、职业、饮酒情况及体力活动情况慢性病核心知识知晓率不同，差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）；不同特征少数民族居民比较，不同年龄、文化程度、职业、饮酒情况及体力活动情况慢性病核心知识知晓率不同，差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。详见表3。
2.4　慢性病核心知识知晓的影响因素
多因素logistic回归分析显示，不论汉族或者少数民族的居民中，文化程度越高、体力活动充足的居民慢性病核心知识知晓率较高，从事非体力劳动居民慢性病核心知识知晓率较低。汉族60岁及以上的居民慢性病核心知识知晓率较低。详见表4。
3　讨论
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研究发现，四川南部少数民族聚居地石棉县居民慢性病核心知识的总体得分较低（40分），汉族居民得分（50分）高于少数民族居民得分（40分）。各民族居民10项慢性病核心知识中，9项核心知识的正确率均低于60%，对慢性病防控社会责任和健康生活方式知识回答正确率较高，对心血管病防治方面的知识回答正确率最低。这表明石棉县各民族居民对于慢性病核心知识的了解不足，防范意识薄弱，虽然对“健康第一责任人”和健康生活方式都有一定的认识，但对慢性病的具体防治方法缺乏足够的了解。石棉县的多民族特性对居民的健康知识获取和健康行为产生了深远影响。例如，彝族和藏族等少数民族居民可能由于传统文化背景的影响，对某些慢性病的认识和预防措施有着不同的理解。因此，慢性病预防策略需要考虑到这些文化差异，采用更加个性化和文化敏感的方法来提高知晓率。
石棉县居民慢性病核心知识知晓率（36.7%）低于《中国防治慢性病中长期规划（2017—2025年）》 2020年中国居民慢性病核心知识知晓率达到60%的要求[10]和2021年四川省居民慢性病核心信息知晓率（57.20%）[11]。汉族居民慢性病核心知识知晓率为38.1%，高于少数民族居民慢性病核心知识的知晓率31.6%。少数民族居民的知识知晓率较低可能与其独特的生活方式有关。少数民族居民可能更依赖传统医学和自然疗法来处理健康问题，而这些方法在慢性病的现代防治中可能不被充分认可。此外，经济条件和教育水平的差异也可能影响到少数民族居民获取和理解现代医学知识的能力[12-13]。这一发现强调了提高教育水平和促进健康生活方式在慢性病防治中的重要性。特别是对于多民族聚居地区，需要通过教育和社区参与，提高各民族居民对慢性病防治的认识和自我管理能力。
文化程度、职业和体力活动是影响石棉县各民族居民慢性病核心知识知晓状况的共同关联因素。文化程度越低、从事非体力劳动、体力活动不足的居民，慢性病核心知识知晓水平越低，这与我国其他地区居民慢性病防治素养影响因素研究结论一致[14-16]。反映了居民的认知能力、学习能力、健康意识和行为习惯等方面的差异，也是慢性病核心防治工作的重点和难点。汉族居民中年龄越大的居民慢性病核心知识知晓水平也越低。因此，建议针对不同年龄段、文化程度和职业类型以及不同体力活动参与度的居民，采用不同的方式和方法，开展有针对性的慢性病核心知识的宣传和教育，提高各民族居民的学习兴趣和参与，增强居民的自我防治能力和责任感。进一步倡导各民族居民养成良好的生活习惯，如适量运动、戒烟限酒、合理膳食等，以降低慢性病的发生风险，提高生活质量[17]。
本研究对四川省南部少数民族聚居地的居民慢性病核心知识知晓的现状及其影响因素进行调查分析，对评价川南少数民族聚集地居民的慢性病核心防治知识状况以及制定相关针对性的慢性病防治策略具有积极的意义。但本研究也存在一定的局限性，因为是横断面研究设计无法确定慢性病核心知识知晓水平与影响因素之间的因果关系。
基金
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  • 石棉县慢性病防控社会因素调查项目(SCUSK1119)
文献
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2024年第51卷第10期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202401377
  • 接收时间：2024-01-23
  • 首发时间：2026-03-17
  • 出版时间：2024-05-25
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  • 收稿日期：2024-01-23
基金
石棉县慢性病防控社会因素调查项目(SCUSK1119)
作者信息
    1.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/四川大学华西第四医院 卫生政策与管理学系，成都 610041
    2.石棉县疾病预防控制中心
    3.四川大学华西临床医学院/四川大学华西医院 全科医学中心/全科医学教研室

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Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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