Article(id=1240633243867862016, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240633237542851387, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202401118, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1704643200000, receivedDateStr=2024-01-08, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773719615188, onlineDateStr=2026-03-17, pubDate=1716566400000, pubDateStr=2024-05-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773719615188, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773719615188, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773719615188, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240633237542851387, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='10', pageStart='1729', pageEnd='1920', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773719613680, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773720039302, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1240635022806405370, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240633237542851387, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1240635022806405371, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240633237542851387, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1821, endPage=1827, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240633245587525652, articleId=1240633243867862016, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Trends and influencing factors of hospitalization expenses for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease under the background of DRG reform, columnId=1228016567846367388, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Health Policy and Management, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To analyse the trend of COPD patients’ inpatient costs and its influencing factors in the context of the reform of DRG, and to provide reference for the reasonable control of COPD inpatient costs.

Methods

ITSA were used to analyse the trend of COPD patients’ inpatient costs in a tertiary general hospital from 2018 to 2022, and univariate analysis, stepwise regression analysis and RFM were used to analyse the factors influencing the inpatient costs and the degree of significance of COPD patients’ inpatient costs after the official operation of the DRG.

Results

The results of ITSA showed that the overall inpatient costs of COPD patients decreased significantly and by an average of 1.82% per month during the DRG operation stage; the integrated medical service fee, drug fee, and consumable fee all showed a decreasing trend during the DRG operation stage, by an average of 1.06%, 1.67%, and 4.98% per month, respectively, but the proportion of the integrated medical service fee increased compared with that before the DRG reform by 7.18%; The stepwise regression results showed that the number of hospital days (β=0.584), admission status (β=0.294), whether surgery (β=0.125), whether traditional Chinese medicine (β=0.084), and drug share ratio (β=0.099) had a statistically significant impact on COPD hospitalisation costs (P<0.05); and the results of the Random Forest model analysis showed that hospital days, admission status, drug share ratio were the most important factors influencing COPD hospitalisation costs. status, and medication ratio were the key factors affecting COPD hospitalisation costs.

Conclusion

DRG can effectively promote medical institutions to strengthen cost management and reduce the economic burden of disease. Hospitals should further reduce the cost of COPD and the economic burden of patients by reducing the number of inpatient days, strengthening the management of critically ill patients, and promoting the rational use of drugs.

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目的

分析DRG支付方式改革背景下COPD患者住院费用变化趋势及其影响因素,为合理控制COPD住院费用提供参考。

方法

采用中断时间序列分析2018年—2022年某三甲综合医院COPD患者住院费用变化趋势,采用单因素分析、逐步回归分析和随机森林模型分析DRG实际运行后COPD患者住院费用影响因素及重要程度。

结果

ITSA结果显示,COPD患者住院费用整体明显下降,且在DRG实际运行阶段平均每月下降1.82%;综合医疗服务费、药品费、耗材费均在DRG实际运行阶段呈现下降趋势,分别平均每月下降1.06%、1.67%、4.98%;综合医疗服务费占比相比DRG改革前上升7.18%;逐步回归结果显示,住院天数(β=0.584)、入院状态(β=0.294)、是否手术(β=0.125)、是否中药(β=0.084)、药占比(β=0.099)对COPD住院费用差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);随机森林模型分析结果显示,住院天数、入院状态、药占比是COPD住院费用的关键影响因素。

结论

DRG能够有效推动医疗机构加强成本管理、降低疾病经济负担。医院应通过减少住院天数、加强危重症患者管理,促进合理用药,进一步降低COPD病组成本与患者经济负担。

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吴烨,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=43Y46xXV9qexokp/24BzNA==, magXml=AGzPpvLWZ0skInszbIK1Vg==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=CGA96uBkhbNr1KB+A4Ln1Q==, pdfFileSize=1020054, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=QMIO9ysEoPw9/OYkjiquyg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=p6u+mpi95LVDxba4uEwq5g==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

薛同斌(1999—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:医院管理,卫生政策研究

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薛同斌(1999—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:医院管理,卫生政策研究

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Modern Preventive Medicine, 2023, 50(9): 1649-1655., articleTitle=A study on the components and influencing factors of hospitalization cost for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1240633256861815442, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633243867862016, awardId=2023gYkJ01, language=CN, fundingSource=安徽医科大学医院管理研究所“国医科技”开放项目(2023gYkJ01), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1240633256962478742, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633243867862016, awardId=2022AH040158, language=CN, fundingSource=安徽省高等学校科学研究项目(2022AH040158), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1240633257029587610, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633243867862016, awardId=202304a05020071, language=CN, fundingSource=安徽省重点研发计划高新领域项目(202304a05020071), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1240633257100890782, tenantId=1146029695717560320, 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ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240633248024416473, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633243867862016, companyId=1240633248020222167, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=5.安徽医科大学第一附属医院人力资源部)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1240633255418974802, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633243867862016, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Schematic diagram of the two-phase ISTA, figureFileSmall=qSHB/dX4Oq6tOgT8OSCzYA==, figureFileBig=QMIO9ysEoPw9/OYkjiquyg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240633255532221017, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633243867862016, language=CN, label=图1, caption=两阶段ISTA示意图, figureFileSmall=qSHB/dX4Oq6tOgT8OSCzYA==, figureFileBig=QMIO9ysEoPw9/OYkjiquyg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240633255746130533, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633243867862016, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=ITSA model-based fitting of trends in average costs of COPD inpatients before and after the DRG reform -1, figureFileSmall=KdneaZ3VL9yzErih7yOYZw==, figureFileBig=4NQMIUd0VeQzHpuL+jxG8w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240633255830016618, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633243867862016, language=CN, label=图2, caption=基于 ITSA 的DRG改革前后COPD住院患者各项例均费用变化趋势拟合图-1, figureFileSmall=KdneaZ3VL9yzErih7yOYZw==, figureFileBig=4NQMIUd0VeQzHpuL+jxG8w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240633255926485615, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633243867862016, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=ITSA model-based fitting of trends in average costs of COPD inpatients before and after the DRG reform -2, figureFileSmall=tb/K0Ibwll3oRBBFQmVlTQ==, figureFileBig=F0PU6FUEsjTnUDdEvuYezA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240633256043926134, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633243867862016, language=CN, label=图3, caption=基于 ITSA的DRG改革前后COPD住院患者各项例均费用变化趋势拟合图-2, figureFileSmall=tb/K0Ibwll3oRBBFQmVlTQ==, figureFileBig=F0PU6FUEsjTnUDdEvuYezA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240633256157172345, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633243867862016, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Hospitalization costs for COPD patients before and after the DRG reform

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
费用条目DRG改革前阶段费用[元,MP25, P75)]DRG模拟运行阶段费用[元,MP25, P75)]DRG实际运行阶段费用[元,MP25, P75)]HP
住院费用10 335.45(7 540.79,15 178.03)10 361.95(7 257.93,15 731.51)8 859.97(6 612.25,12 159.01)74.086<0.001
自付费用3 311.88(1 247.88,5 777.60)4 773.72(2 907.77,7 307.03)4 438.53(2 516.84,6 971.30)144.031<0.001
综合医疗服务费2 127.20(1 407.64,3 458.29)3 175.60(2 129.97,5 210.28)3 056.96(2 153.99,4 415.39)259.247<0.001
护理费479.04(303.91,743.34)724.38(419.46,1 183.21)418.21(287.71,642.48)160.597<0.001
诊断费2 750.04(1 972.31,4 000.10)2 608.34(1 931.75,3 682.18)2 258.61(1 617.98,3 220.79)112.495<0.001
药品费4 283.04(2 870.04,6 933.35)3 741.57(2 406.46,5 599.62)2 927.38(2 045.64,4 279.55)246.413<0.001
材料费431.27(236.43,850.43)512.98(258.31,1 038.49)279.09(135.10,555.06)208.665<0.001
其他费用108.40(51.11,154.86)71.27(10.22,101.91)60.90(10.06,90.54)398.614<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1240633256266224253, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633243867862016, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

DRG改革前后COPD患者住院费用情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
费用条目DRG改革前阶段费用[元,MP25, P75)]DRG模拟运行阶段费用[元,MP25, P75)]DRG实际运行阶段费用[元,MP25, P75)]HP
住院费用10 335.45(7 540.79,15 178.03)10 361.95(7 257.93,15 731.51)8 859.97(6 612.25,12 159.01)74.086<0.001
自付费用3 311.88(1 247.88,5 777.60)4 773.72(2 907.77,7 307.03)4 438.53(2 516.84,6 971.30)144.031<0.001
综合医疗服务费2 127.20(1 407.64,3 458.29)3 175.60(2 129.97,5 210.28)3 056.96(2 153.99,4 415.39)259.247<0.001
护理费479.04(303.91,743.34)724.38(419.46,1 183.21)418.21(287.71,642.48)160.597<0.001
诊断费2 750.04(1 972.31,4 000.10)2 608.34(1 931.75,3 682.18)2 258.61(1 617.98,3 220.79)112.495<0.001
药品费4 283.04(2 870.04,6 933.35)3 741.57(2 406.46,5 599.62)2 927.38(2 045.64,4 279.55)246.413<0.001
材料费431.27(236.43,850.43)512.98(258.31,1 038.49)279.09(135.10,555.06)208.665<0.001
其他费用108.40(51.11,154.86)71.27(10.22,101.91)60.90(10.06,90.54)398.614<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1240633256371081858, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633243867862016, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Univariate analysis of hospitalization costs for COPD patients in the actual operational phase of the DRG

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基本特征例数(n住院费用[元,MP25, P75)]Z值或HP
性别-0.6160.538
9918 873.56(6 601.04,12 363.93)
3078 847.63(6 662.04,11 754.14)
年龄组(岁)8.607<0.05
≤652458 501.28(6 437.92,11 763.16)
66~848898 830.18(6 580.76,11 926.50)
≥851649 827.58(7 244.02,13 575.62)
医保类型25.645<0.001
城镇职工4059 267.01(6 856.57,13 015.76)
城乡居民3968 216.85(6 111.01,10 824.09)
全自费1038 514.36(6 544.05,11 775.73)
其他3949 233.21(7 117.38,13 590.95)
手术治疗-5.518<0.001
8369 259.52(6 867.68,13 326.65)
4628 047.87(6 337.59,10 807.97)
中药治疗-2.384<0.05
275 274.48(72 751.94,77 797.02)
12968 844.37(6 611.46,12 139.87)
既往住院次数(天)1.8410.398
111128 901.66(6 672.36,12 362.30)
2918 622.39(6 281.64,11 683.43)
≥3958 872.31(5 756.51,11 360.60)
入院途径86.627<0.001
门诊17588 590.31(6 566.14,11 323.41)
急诊16310 046.32(6 705.79,16 111.63)
其他610 256.40(6 992.84,19 507.24)
入院状态845.905<0.001
一般8538 395.38(6 440.36,11 082.878)
3559 269.30(7 048.93,13 030.39)
9019 118.32(9 510.09,47 196.92)
药占比44.561<0.001
<25%2357 649.81(5 353.30,10 754.01)
25%~50%9798 986.27(6 741.79,12 036.02)
>50%8411 956.28(7 973.50,20 106.12)
住院天数(天)577.728<0.001
≤51885 153.70(4 244.36,7 333.75)
6~85797 706.77(6 440.85,9 418.44)
9~1132810 504.06(8 683.74,12 947.42)
≥1220317 240.57(12 919.42,29 237.95)
), ArticleFig(id=1240633256484328070, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633243867862016, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

DRG实际运行阶段COPD患者住院费用单因素分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基本特征例数(n住院费用[元,MP25, P75)]Z值或HP
性别-0.6160.538
9918 873.56(6 601.04,12 363.93)
3078 847.63(6 662.04,11 754.14)
年龄组(岁)8.607<0.05
≤652458 501.28(6 437.92,11 763.16)
66~848898 830.18(6 580.76,11 926.50)
≥851649 827.58(7 244.02,13 575.62)
医保类型25.645<0.001
城镇职工4059 267.01(6 856.57,13 015.76)
城乡居民3968 216.85(6 111.01,10 824.09)
全自费1038 514.36(6 544.05,11 775.73)
其他3949 233.21(7 117.38,13 590.95)
手术治疗-5.518<0.001
8369 259.52(6 867.68,13 326.65)
4628 047.87(6 337.59,10 807.97)
中药治疗-2.384<0.05
275 274.48(72 751.94,77 797.02)
12968 844.37(6 611.46,12 139.87)
既往住院次数(天)1.8410.398
111128 901.66(6 672.36,12 362.30)
2918 622.39(6 281.64,11 683.43)
≥3958 872.31(5 756.51,11 360.60)
入院途径86.627<0.001
门诊17588 590.31(6 566.14,11 323.41)
急诊16310 046.32(6 705.79,16 111.63)
其他610 256.40(6 992.84,19 507.24)
入院状态845.905<0.001
一般8538 395.38(6 440.36,11 082.878)
3559 269.30(7 048.93,13 030.39)
9019 118.32(9 510.09,47 196.92)
药占比44.561<0.001
<25%2357 649.81(5 353.30,10 754.01)
25%~50%9798 986.27(6 741.79,12 036.02)
>50%8411 956.28(7 973.50,20 106.12)
住院天数(天)577.728<0.001
≤51885 153.70(4 244.36,7 333.75)
6~85797 706.77(6 440.85,9 418.44)
9~1132810 504.06(8 683.74,12 947.42)
≥1220317 240.57(12 919.42,29 237.95)
), ArticleFig(id=1240633256601768588, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633243867862016, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Results of stepwise regression analysis of hospitalization costs for COPD patients in the actual operational phase of the DRG

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量回归系数(B标准误(SE标准系数(βtPVIF容忍度
常数10.4280.62816.607<0.01
药占比0.1290.0260.0994.982<0.011.0520.951
是否中药1.3360.3110.0844.293<0.011.0090.991
是否手术0.1630.0260.1256.363<0.011.0150.986
入院状态0.2980.0200.29415.070<0.011.0080.992
住院天数0.3970.0140.58429.320<0.011.0500.952
), ArticleFig(id=1240633256719209104, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633243867862016, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

DRG实际运行阶段COPD患者住院费用逐步回归分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量回归系数(B标准误(SE标准系数(βtPVIF容忍度
常数10.4280.62816.607<0.01
药占比0.1290.0260.0994.982<0.011.0520.951
是否中药1.3360.3110.0844.293<0.011.0090.991
是否手术0.1630.0260.1256.363<0.011.0150.986
入院状态0.2980.0200.29415.070<0.011.0080.992
住院天数0.3970.0140.58429.320<0.011.0500.952
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疾病诊断相关分组支付方式改革背景下慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者住院费用变化趋势及影响因素分析
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薛同斌 1 , 田帝 2 , 周苑 3 , 王浩宇 1 , 刘瑶瑶 1 , 吕曼辰 1 , 张钰 1 , 刘雪珍 1 , 周睿 1, 4 , 吴烨 1, 5
现代预防医学 | 卫生政策与管理 2024,51(10): 1821-1827
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现代预防医学 | 卫生政策与管理 2024, 51(10): 1821-1827
疾病诊断相关分组支付方式改革背景下慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者住院费用变化趋势及影响因素分析
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薛同斌1, 田帝2, 周苑3, 王浩宇1, 刘瑶瑶1, 吕曼辰1, 张钰1, 刘雪珍1, 周睿1, 4, 吴烨1, 5
作者信息
  • 1.安徽医科大学卫生管理学院,安徽 合肥 230032
  • 2.安徽医科大学第一附属医院医务处
  • 3.安徽医科大学第二附属医院医务处
  • 4.安徽医科大学医院管理研究所
  • 5.安徽医科大学第一附属医院人力资源部
  • 薛同斌(1999—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:医院管理,卫生政策研究

通讯作者:

吴烨,E-mail:
Trends and influencing factors of hospitalization expenses for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease under the background of DRG reform
Tong-bin XUE1, Di TIAN2, Yuan ZHOU3, Hao-yu WANG1, Yao-yao LIU1, Man-chen LV1, Yu ZHANG1, Xue-zhen LIU1, Rui ZHOU1, 4, Ye WU1, 5
Affiliations
  • School of Health Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
出版时间: 2024-05-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202401118
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目的

分析DRG支付方式改革背景下COPD患者住院费用变化趋势及其影响因素,为合理控制COPD住院费用提供参考。

方法

采用中断时间序列分析2018年—2022年某三甲综合医院COPD患者住院费用变化趋势,采用单因素分析、逐步回归分析和随机森林模型分析DRG实际运行后COPD患者住院费用影响因素及重要程度。

结果

ITSA结果显示,COPD患者住院费用整体明显下降,且在DRG实际运行阶段平均每月下降1.82%;综合医疗服务费、药品费、耗材费均在DRG实际运行阶段呈现下降趋势,分别平均每月下降1.06%、1.67%、4.98%;综合医疗服务费占比相比DRG改革前上升7.18%;逐步回归结果显示,住院天数(β=0.584)、入院状态(β=0.294)、是否手术(β=0.125)、是否中药(β=0.084)、药占比(β=0.099)对COPD住院费用差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);随机森林模型分析结果显示,住院天数、入院状态、药占比是COPD住院费用的关键影响因素。

结论

DRG能够有效推动医疗机构加强成本管理、降低疾病经济负担。医院应通过减少住院天数、加强危重症患者管理,促进合理用药,进一步降低COPD病组成本与患者经济负担。

慢阻肺  /  住院费用  /  影响因素  /  中断时间序列  /  随机森林模型
Objective

To analyse the trend of COPD patients’ inpatient costs and its influencing factors in the context of the reform of DRG, and to provide reference for the reasonable control of COPD inpatient costs.

Methods

ITSA were used to analyse the trend of COPD patients’ inpatient costs in a tertiary general hospital from 2018 to 2022, and univariate analysis, stepwise regression analysis and RFM were used to analyse the factors influencing the inpatient costs and the degree of significance of COPD patients’ inpatient costs after the official operation of the DRG.

Results

The results of ITSA showed that the overall inpatient costs of COPD patients decreased significantly and by an average of 1.82% per month during the DRG operation stage; the integrated medical service fee, drug fee, and consumable fee all showed a decreasing trend during the DRG operation stage, by an average of 1.06%, 1.67%, and 4.98% per month, respectively, but the proportion of the integrated medical service fee increased compared with that before the DRG reform by 7.18%; The stepwise regression results showed that the number of hospital days (β=0.584), admission status (β=0.294), whether surgery (β=0.125), whether traditional Chinese medicine (β=0.084), and drug share ratio (β=0.099) had a statistically significant impact on COPD hospitalisation costs (P<0.05); and the results of the Random Forest model analysis showed that hospital days, admission status, drug share ratio were the most important factors influencing COPD hospitalisation costs. status, and medication ratio were the key factors affecting COPD hospitalisation costs.

Conclusion

DRG can effectively promote medical institutions to strengthen cost management and reduce the economic burden of disease. Hospitals should further reduce the cost of COPD and the economic burden of patients by reducing the number of inpatient days, strengthening the management of critically ill patients, and promoting the rational use of drugs.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease  /  Hospitalization expenses  /  Influencing factors  /  Interrupted Time Series Analysis  /  Random Forest Regression Model
薛同斌, 田帝, 周苑, 王浩宇, 刘瑶瑶, 吕曼辰, 张钰, 刘雪珍, 周睿, 吴烨. 疾病诊断相关分组支付方式改革背景下慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者住院费用变化趋势及影响因素分析. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (10) : 1821 -1827 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202401118
Tong-bin XUE, Di TIAN, Yuan ZHOU, Hao-yu WANG, Yao-yao LIU, Man-chen LV, Yu ZHANG, Xue-zhen LIU, Rui ZHOU, Ye WU. Trends and influencing factors of hospitalization expenses for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease under the background of DRG reform[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (10) : 1821 -1827 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202401118
慢性阻塞性肺疾病(Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, COPD)是一种严重危害人体健康与生命质量的慢性气道炎症性疾病。在吸烟、气候变化、空气污染等危险因素影响下,COPD已成为我国仅次于高血压和糖尿病的最流行慢性病之一,且其患病率在世界范围内均长期居于高态势[1]。2018年,《中国成人肺部健康研究》首次明确我国成人人群COPD患病率已超过8.6%,60岁以上人群则超过27%,总患病人数接近1亿[2]。我国COPD患者年平均直接经济负担高达12 552.38元[3],为家庭及社会构成了重大经济负担[4-5]。为控制医疗费用,减轻医疗负担,国家医保局等四部门联合印发《按疾病诊断相关分组付费国家试点城市名单》(医保发〔2019〕34号)的通知,正式确定首批疾病诊断相关分组(Diagnosis Related Groups,DRG)付费国家试点城市。安徽省合肥市作为其中之一,已于2020年1月启动DRG付费模拟运行,采取按项目实际付费与DRG付费模拟测试,于2021年1月启动DRG实际付费。DRG支付方式改革后,COPD患者住院费用结构与变化趋势有何变动,又如何有效控制COPD的住院费用影响因素,促使医保、医院、患者三方共赢,是值得深入探讨的问题。目前,已有较多研究探讨DRG支付改革对疾病费用的影响[6-8],然而仍缺乏从DRG改革过程角度多阶段考虑其对慢性病住院费用的政策效应。本研究通过中断时间序列(Interrupted time series analysis, ITSA)分析DRG支付方式改革背景下COPD患者住院费用的变化趋势及其影响因素,为合理控制COPD住院费用提供参考。
本研究选取2018—2022年安徽省合肥市某三级甲等综合医院主要诊断为慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者的出院患者病案首页数据作为资料来源,获取人口学特征、医保类型、住院费用等相关信息,共计3 745条。纳入标准:主要疾病诊断编码为慢性阻塞性肺疾病(ICD-10:J44)的患者。排除标准:(1)逻辑性异常或数据缺失;(2)重复数据;(3)存在严重并发症的特殊病例。最终纳入有效数据3 744条。
根据合肥市DRG试点时间,以出院日期为准,将所纳入数据分为三个阶段:(1)2018年—2019年度采取按服务项目付费,视为DRG改革前阶段;(2)2020年度采取按服务项目实际付费与DRG付费模拟测算,视为DRG模拟运行阶段;(3)2021年—2022年度启动DRG实际付费,视为DRG实际运行阶段。收录并整理COPD患者人口学特征、住院情况、住院费用等相关信息,构建数据库。住院费用分为综合医疗服务费、护理费、诊断费、耗材费、药品费、其他费用。此外,为剔除通货膨胀等混杂因素对各年度住院费用可比性的影响,以2022年12月为基准,通过医疗保健类居民消费价格指数(Consumer Price Index,CPI)调整费用数据(数据来自国家统计局)。
中断时间序列旨在通过检验干预措施实施前后斜率的瞬时变化与趋势变化,对干预措施的有效性进行评价[9]。相较于逐月数据的客观描述,其通过Newey-West调整可以更直观、精确地估计干预措施的影响效应。模型建立如下:
其中,Yt代表该样本医院t时刻的结果变量水平;Tt代表时间序列,表示干预节点到t时刻的月份;X1代表DRG模拟运行节点,X2代表DRG实际运行节点;X1TtX2Tt即分别代表两次DRG政策干预后的t月份的自变量。参数β0代表基线水平;参数β1是基线斜率估计值,代表DRG干预前的结果指标变化趋势;参数β2β4分别代表两次DRG政策干预时的结果指标的瞬时变化;参数β3β5分别代表两次DRG政策干预后结果指标变化趋势变化值的改变量;εt代表随机误差。此处应用Newey-West回归模型校正自相关性,截断参数取3[6]
利用SPSS 24.0、Stata 17软件进行整理与统计分析。以构成比描述计数资料;采用Kolmogorov-Smirnov检验开展正态性检验,并分别以()、中位数(四分位数)[MP25,P75)]描述正态分布与非正态分布资料。首先,描述性分析研究对象在三个阶段的人口学特征和住院费用,随后经对数转换,通过ITSA对DRG干预前后费用变化趋势进行分析。其次,利用非参数Kruskal-Wallis H检验或Mann-Whitney U检验对DRG运行阶段的费用可能影响因素开展单因素分析,随后经对数转换,利用线性逐步回归分析与随机森林模型分析住院费用的影响因素及其重要程度。检验水准α=0.05。
经K-S检验,住院费用及其子类费用在DRG改革前后均呈现偏态分布(P均<0.05)。从三个阶段的费用变化来看,例均住院费用及其内部构成基本变化较大。在DRG模拟运行前后,COPD患者住院费用中位数上升26.5元。其中,自付费用中位数增长1 481.83元(占比增长11.93%),综合医疗服务费中位数增长1 061.86元(占比增长7.18%),护理费中位数增长245.34元(占比增长1.57%);诊断费下降141.70元(占比下降3.07%),药品费中位数下降541.47元(占比下降4.47%),材料费中位数下降81.71元(占比下降0.78%),其他费用中位数下降37.13元(占比下降0.35%)。DRG实际运行阶段相较于DRG改革前,住院费用中位数下降1 475.48元,其中,自付费用中位数和综合医疗服务费中位数实现增长,分别增长1 126.64元、929.76元(占比分别增长13.87%、10.58%);护理费中位数下降60.83元(占比上升12.70%),诊断费中位数下降491.44元(占比下降1.57%),药品费下降1 355.66元(占比下降7.38%),其他费用下降47.50元(占比下降1.34%)。综合三个阶段来看,住院费用及各子类变化差异均具有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。
COPD住院患者例均住院费用在DRG改革前保持缓慢上升趋势(平均每月增长0.14%),在DRG模拟运行后呈现缓慢下降趋势(平均每月下降0.23%)。DRG实际运行后,例均住院费用下降趋势大幅增加(平均每月下降1.82%)。从不同住院费用类别来看,不同DRG运行阶段对各类别住院费用的影响存在明显差异。DRG模拟后,例均自付费用瞬时增长21.39%,上升趋势由平均每月增长1.46%变为2.14%,DRG实际运行后,例均自付费用开始大幅下降,平均每月下降4.26%。例均综合医疗服务费、例均护理费在DRG模拟后由上升趋势转为趋向平缓,并在DRG实际运行后开始大幅下降,分别平均每月下降1.06%、4.59%;例均诊断费在DRG模拟后由下降转为上升趋势,平均每月下降0.19%变为增长0.40%,且在DRG实际运行后开始大幅下降,平均每月下降2.32%;例均药品费和例均其他费用一直处于下降趋势。例均药品费在DRG模拟后下降趋势减缓,在DRG实际运行后下降趋势增强,为平均每月下降1.67%,例均其他费用在DRG模拟阶段下降趋势增加,在DRG实际运行后,下降趋势减缓,变为平均每月下降2.06%;例均耗材费用在DRG模拟后由上升转为下降趋势,平均每月增长0.25%变为下降2.59%,在DRG实际运行后下降幅度加剧,平均每月下降4.98%。见图23
以COPD患者住院费用为因变量,以性别、年龄等因素为自变量开展单因素分析。分析结果显示,除性别和既往住院次数外,不同年龄、医保类型、入院状态、入院途径、住院天数、是否中药、是否手术以及药占比对COPD住院费用差异均具有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。
将单因素分析中阳性变量作为自变量,以COPD患者住院费用对数作为因变量,进行线性逐步回归分析。分析结果显示,F=270.10,P<0.01,VIF介于1.0~1.1之间,调整后R2=0.509,说明药占比、是否中药、是否手术、住院天数及入院状态对COPD患者住院费用差异具有统计学意义,且可以解释COPD住院费用50.9%的变化原因,见表3
在随机森林模型中,经参数调试,以9:1随机分配训练集与测试集,设置决策树数量(ntree)=100,节点分裂最小样本数(mtry)=2时模型最优。此时,标准化均方误差(RMSE)=0.37,纳入变量对模型预测结果的整体解释率为65.0%。依据影响COPD患者住院费用的重要程度,前3位分别是住院天数、入院状态和药占比。
ITSA结果显示,COPD患者住院费用虽在DRG模拟运行阶段高于DRG改革前阶段,但呈现缓慢下降趋势。一方面,高费用可能与新冠疫情改变患者就医选择有关[10]。对此,本研究数据中2020年COPD患者数量骤降73.07%、入院途径中“急诊”占比增加14.47%、入院状态中“危”“急”占比增加59.93%均在一定程度上验证了这一事实。另一方面,住院费用缓慢下降可能源于医院为适应DRG改革所采取的系列措施,如病案首页质量提升、运营成本管理等[11],引起医务人员医疗行为改变,从而减少不合理费用,即DRG政策在实际运行前的“溢出”效应,为DRG实际付费奠定了良好的基础。在DRG运行后COPD患者住院费用平均每月下降1.82%,证明DRG政策支付方式改革能够有效控制COPD患者住院费用,对减轻患者经济负担、缓解医保基金压力具有积极作用。这与DRG控费效果的部分研究结论相吻合[7-8]
在费用构成中,患者自付费用在DRG实际运行后变化趋势由升转降,患者经济负担得到减轻。相较于DRG支付改革前,DRG运行后药品费、耗材费都得到了显著下降(药品费占比下降7.38%),并呈现长期下降趋势。一方面是由于DRG医疗支付方式改革下药品耗材“身份”转为运营成本[12],医院不得不加强药耗成本管控。另一方面,可能与COPD用药不断被新增纳入国家医保目录,其价格得到有效控制存在紧密联系。相较于DRG支付改革前,DRG运行后综合医疗服务费得到显著增加(占比增加10.58%),但呈现下降趋势。结果表明,综合医疗服务费等费用结构表明医护技术劳务价值得到更好地体现,但仍有待进一步优化。医院可考虑进一步带量采购COPD医保目录用药,加强合理用药监控,规范诊疗行为。DRG模拟阶段护理费变化不显著,但DRG实际运行后,护理费呈现下降趋势,可能与患者例均住院天数缩短密切相关。由此不难看出,DRG的逐步推进实现了住院费用控制与费用结构优化,符合国家发改委“总量控制、结构调整、有升有降、逐步到位”的医疗服务价格改革原则。
本研究结果显示,住院天数是影响COPD患者住院费用的首位因素,特征权重值是0.652。住院天数的增加会引起床位费、护理费等相关费用的相应增长[13],这在DRG支付方式下不仅增加了患者经济负担,同时导致医院面临病组亏损的风险[14]。医院应当优化COPD临床路径管理,进一步规范医疗行为,消除无效住院天数。
入院状态也是影响COPD患者住院费用的重要因素之一,特征权重值是0.243。入院状态与患者病情严重程度直接相关。危急入院患者往往合并有肺炎、呼吸衰竭、心力衰竭等症状,需要进行抢救、机械通气、ICU生命监护等治疗,导致医疗费用明显上升[15]。在DRG支付方式下,医院仍应严格落实急危重症抢救制度,不得因费用风险推诿拒绝、延误治疗重症患者。对此,一方面应加强患者教育,通过稳定期的规范治疗预防恶化,延缓疾病进展并缩短住院时间。另一方面应当不断提高医疗技术能力,拓展诊疗方法,从而提高COPD危重症救治成功率,控制医疗费用增长。此外,药占比也对COPD患者住院费用具有较大的影响,这与方莉等[16]研究结果一致。建议应合理使用COPD治疗药物,并提升非药物干预措施的可及性,从而有效降低药品过度使用带来的疾病积极负担。
本研究尚存在一定局限性。首先,本研究仅以某三甲综合医院为例,非多中心研究,未来可通过多中心研究以进一步探讨研究结果。其次,本研究仅探析DRG支付方式改革背景下COPD患者住院费用整体变化,未从医保支付方式角度对COPD患者作亚组区分,未来可在分组下进一步深入探讨DRG政策效应及COPD患者疾病负担。
综上所述,DRG在促进医疗机构加强成本管理、降低COPD患者经济负担等方面具有积极作用。同时,合理控制住院天数、加强危重症患者管理,促进合理用药,是医疗机构降低COPD患者经济负担的重要方式。此外,应提升COPD疾病社会认知,提高COPD患者自我管理能力。
  • 安徽医科大学医院管理研究所“国医科技”开放项目(2023gYkJ01)
  • 安徽省高等学校科学研究项目(2022AH040158)
  • 安徽省重点研发计划高新领域项目(202304a05020071)
  • 安徽省高校协同创新项目(GXXT-2022-058)
  • 安徽医科大学医院管理研究所开放项目(2022gykj06)
  • 国家卫健委医院管理研究所研究项目(YLZLXZ22K001)
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2024年第51卷第10期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202401118
  • 接收时间:2024-01-08
  • 首发时间:2026-03-17
  • 出版时间:2024-05-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-01-08
基金
安徽医科大学医院管理研究所“国医科技”开放项目(2023gYkJ01)
安徽省高等学校科学研究项目(2022AH040158)
安徽省重点研发计划高新领域项目(202304a05020071)
安徽省高校协同创新项目(GXXT-2022-058)
安徽医科大学医院管理研究所开放项目(2022gykj06)
国家卫健委医院管理研究所研究项目(YLZLXZ22K001)
作者信息
    1.安徽医科大学卫生管理学院,安徽 合肥 230032
    2.安徽医科大学第一附属医院医务处
    3.安徽医科大学第二附属医院医务处
    4.安徽医科大学医院管理研究所
    5.安徽医科大学第一附属医院人力资源部

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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