Article(id=1240633243385517036, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240633237542851387, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202310285, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1697644800000, receivedDateStr=2023-10-19, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773719615074, onlineDateStr=2026-03-17, pubDate=1716566400000, pubDateStr=2024-05-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773719615074, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773719615074, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773719615074, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240633237542851387, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='10', pageStart='1729', pageEnd='1920', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773719613680, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773720039302, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1240635022806405370, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240633237542851387, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1240635022806405371, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240633237542851387, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1845, endPage=1851, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240633243716867063, articleId=1240633243385517036, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Epidemic status of pulmonary nodules among health examination population in a certain area and its relationship with life and dietary habits, columnId=1228016572451718132, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Health and Social Behavior, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the test situation of pulmonary nodules among health examination population in a certain area and analyze its relationship with lifestyle and dietary habits.

Methods

A study was conducted on 10 580 individuals who underwent health examinations at the health management center of The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University from June 2022 to June 2023, regardless of occupation. All health examines underwent low-dose spiral computed tomography (LDCT) lung examination to screen for pulmonary nodule patients, the detection rate and imaging characteristics of pulmonary nodules were analyzed, and a questionnaire survey on their lifestyle and dietary habits was conducted, the relationship between the detection rate of pulmonary nodules and lifestyle and dietary habits were analyzed.

Results

A total of 2 054 positive cases of pulmonary nodules were detected among 10 580 healthy individuals, with a detection rate of 19.41%. Among them, 320 cases were of type 1 nodules (3.02%), 1 425 cases were of type 2 nodules (13.47%), 218 cases were of type 3 nodules (2.06%), and 91 cases were of type 4 nodules (0.86%). There was a statistically significant difference in the classification of Lung RANDS for positive pulmonary nodules of different densities and sizes (P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences in the detection rate of pulmonary nodules among healthy individuals of different ages, genders, occupational environments, smoking habits, participation in physical exercise, and dietary habits (whether you have the habit of eating breakfast, whether you eat a high-oil diet, whether you eat fried products and the combination of meat and vegetables). Multivariate logistic regression results showed that males (OR=2.143, 95%CI: 1.151-3.9880), smokers (OR=2.234, 95%CI: 1.435-3.480), aged over 40 years old (OR=1.451, 95%CI: 1.031-2.040), not participating in physical exercise (OR=1.582, 95%CI: 1.157-2.165), and no habit of eating breakfast (OR=1.404, 95%CI:1.036-1.902), high oil diet (OR=1.409, 95%CI: 1.073-1.850) and eat fried products (OR=1.795, 95%CI: 1.269-2.539) were independent risk factors for pulmonary nodules in healthy individuals in this region (P<0.05).

Conclusion

The detection rate of pulmonary nodules in the health examination population in Luzhou region is relatively high, and related lifestyle and dietary habits may affect the occurrence of pulmonary nodules. It is recommended to actively carry out LDCT for people over 40 years old in this area, focusing on high-risk groups who smoke, do not participate in physical exercise, have habits of not eating breakfast, high oil diet and eating fried products. Early detection and management of high-risk pulmonary nodules can reduce the risk of lung cancer.

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目的

调查某地区健康体检人群肺结节检出情况,分析其与生活和饮食习惯的关系。

方法

选取2022年6月—2023年6月在西南医科大学附属医院健康管理中心接受健康体检的10 580人进行研究,不限职业,所有健康体检者均行肺部低剂量螺旋CT(low-dose spiral computed tomography, LDCT)检查,筛查肺部结节患者,分析肺结节检出率和影像学特征,同时对纳入的所有健康体检者进行生活和饮食习惯问卷调查,分析肺结节检出率与生活和饮食习惯的关系。

结果

10 580名健康体检者共检出肺结节阳性2 054例,检出率为19.41%,其中1类结节320例(3.02%)、2类结节1 425例(13.47%)、3类结节218例(2.06%)、4类结节91例(0.86%)。不同密度和大小阳性肺结节的Lung-RANDS分类比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不同年龄、性别、职业环境、是否吸烟、是否参加运动锻炼及饮食习惯(是否有吃早餐的习惯、是否高油饮食、是否吃油炸制品以及荤素搭配情况)的健康体检者肺结节检出率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归结果显示男性(OR=2.143,95%CI:1.151~3.988)、吸烟(OR=2.234,95%CI:1.435~3.480)、年龄40岁以上(OR=1.451,95%CI:1.031~2.040)、不参加运动锻炼(OR=1.582,95%CI:1.157~2.165)、没有吃早餐的习惯、(OR=1.404,95%CI:1.036~1.902)、高油饮食(OR=1.409,95%CI:1.073~1.850)、吃油炸制品(OR=1.795,95%CI:1.269~2.539)是本地区健康体检者肺结节发生的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。

结论

泸州地区健康体检人群肺结节检出率较高,相关生活和饮食习惯可能影响肺结节的产生。建议对本地区40岁以上人群积极开展LDCT,重点关注吸烟、不参加运动锻炼、没有吃早餐的习惯、高油饮食、吃油炸制品的高危人群,以及早发现和处理高危肺结节,降低肺癌的发生风险。

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李晓红,E-mail:
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何文娟(1989—),女,硕士,中医师,研究方向:中西医结合呼吸病学、健康管理

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South China Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2022, 48(2): 147-150, 155., articleTitle=Study on pulmonary nodule screening and its influencing factors in employees of a unit inXiangtan City, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240633256601768585, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633243385517036, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=30, issue=4, pageStart=753, pageEnd=756, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=40, authorNames=孙鑫, 覃文进, 刘理礼, journalName=现代肿瘤医学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=孙鑫,覃文进,刘理礼,等.肺癌发病危险因素最新研究进展[J].现代肿瘤医学202230(4):753-756., articleTitle=肺癌发病危险因素最新研究进展, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240633256719209103, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633243385517036, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=30, issue=4, pageStart=753, pageEnd=756, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=41, authorNames=Sun X, Qin WJ, Liu LL, journalName=Journal of Modern Oncology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Sun X, Qin WJ, Liu LL, et al. Recent advances of research on risk factors of lung cancer[J]. Journal of Modern Oncology, 2022, 30(4): 753-756., articleTitle=Recent advances of research on risk factors of lung cancer, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1240633246136979506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633243385517036, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240633246153756724, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633243385517036, companyId=1240633246136979506, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Health Management Center, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240633246162145334, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633243385517036, companyId=1240633246136979506, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=西南医科大学附属医院健康管理中心,四川 泸州 646000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1240633249945407767, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633243385517036, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Clinical features of 2 054 positive pulmonary nodules[n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
临床特征例数1类(n=320)2类(n=1 425)3类(n=218)4类(n=91)χ2P
大小(mm)404.267<0.001
5~71 763294(16.63)1 305(74.07)91(5.16)73(4.14)
8~1425523(9.21)105(40.99)109(42.75)18(7.06)
15~30363(9.17)15(40.83)18(50.00)0(0.00)
部位6.5660.969
右上叶34553(15.36)238(68.98)41(11.88)13(3.77)
左上叶27343(15.75)194(71.06)28(10.26)8(2.93)
右中叶32751(15.60)232(70.95)28(8.56)16(4.89)
右下叶60296(15.95)414(68.77)64(10.63)28(4.65)
左下叶48973(14.93)337(68.92)54(11.04)25(5.11)
叶间胸膜184(22.22)10(55.56)3(16.67)1(5.56)
数量2.5680.463
单发763117(15.29)519(68.07)91(11.93)36(4.72)
多发1 291203(15.75)906(70.15)127(9.84)55(4.26)
密度483.362<0.001
实性1 636280(17.12)1 248(76.28)91(5.56)17(10.39)
部分实性32733(10.15)148(45.21)91(27.83)55(16.82)
纯磨玻璃917(7.25)29(32.31)36(39.56)19(19.78)
), ArticleFig(id=1240633250041876767, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633243385517036, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

2 054例阳性肺结节临床特征[n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
临床特征例数1类(n=320)2类(n=1 425)3类(n=218)4类(n=91)χ2P
大小(mm)404.267<0.001
5~71 763294(16.63)1 305(74.07)91(5.16)73(4.14)
8~1425523(9.21)105(40.99)109(42.75)18(7.06)
15~30363(9.17)15(40.83)18(50.00)0(0.00)
部位6.5660.969
右上叶34553(15.36)238(68.98)41(11.88)13(3.77)
左上叶27343(15.75)194(71.06)28(10.26)8(2.93)
右中叶32751(15.60)232(70.95)28(8.56)16(4.89)
右下叶60296(15.95)414(68.77)64(10.63)28(4.65)
左下叶48973(14.93)337(68.92)54(11.04)25(5.11)
叶间胸膜184(22.22)10(55.56)3(16.67)1(5.56)
数量2.5680.463
单发763117(15.29)519(68.07)91(11.93)36(4.72)
多发1 291203(15.75)906(70.15)127(9.84)55(4.26)
密度483.362<0.001
实性1 636280(17.12)1 248(76.28)91(5.56)17(10.39)
部分实性32733(10.15)148(45.21)91(27.83)55(16.82)
纯磨玻璃917(7.25)29(32.31)36(39.56)19(19.78)
), ArticleFig(id=1240633250138345769, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633243385517036, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Univariate analysis of pulmonary nodule detection rate

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
临床特征例数肺结节(n=2 054)非肺结节(n=8 526)χ2P
年龄(岁)647.585<0.001
18~3067273(3.55)599(7.04)
31~402 308273(13.29)2 035(23.88)
41~504 164672(32.72)3 492(40.95)
51~602 818709(34.52)2 109(24.72)
>60618327(15.92)291(3.41)
性别509.090<0.001
5 5981 545(75.22)4 053(47.55)
4 982509(24.78)4 473(52.45)
BMI(kg/m22.4190.490
<18.51 073197(9.59)876(10.27)
18.5~23.95 9261 149(55.94)4 777(56.03)
24.0~27.92 418491(23.90)1 927(22.60)
≥28.01 163217(10.56)946(11.10)
职业暴露1 228.839<0.001
高暴露职业4 0171 472(71.68)2 545(29.85)
低暴露职业6 563582(28.32)5 981(70.15)
吸烟348.001<0.001
3 090945(46.02)2 145(25.16)
7 4901 109(53.98)6 381(74.84)
饮酒1.9900.158
2 090381(18.55)1 699(19.93)
8 5001 673(71.45)6 827(80.07)
运动锻炼879.241<0.001
参加5 072382(18.58)4 690(55.01)
不参加5 5081 672(81.42)3 836(44.99)
饮水来源0.6440.725
自来水4 217828(40.31)3 389(39.75)
过滤水3 908763(37.15)3 145(36.89)
湖泊水2 455463(22.54)1 992(23.36)
是否有吃早餐的习惯265.686<0.001
4 981636(30.97)4 345(50.96)
5 5991 418(69.03)4 181(49.04)
是否高油饮食7 538.856<0.001
2 0541 796(87.42)258(3.03)
8 446258(12.58)8 268(96.97)
是否高盐饮食0.0910.763
5 5071 063(51.75)4 444(52.12)
5 073991(48.25)4 082(47.88)
是否高糖饮食0.0110.916
2 817545(26.55)2 272(26.65)
7 7631 509(73.45)6 254(73.35)
是否吃油炸制品83.013<0.001
7 9811 709(83.19)6 272(73.56)
2 599345(16.81)2 254(26.44)
是否吃奶制品0.5310.466
7 5441 478(71.96)6 066(71.15)
3 036576(28.04)2 460(28.85)
荤素搭配情况355.515<0.001
素食为主6 507890(43.36)5 617(65.88)
荤食为主4 0731 164(56.64)2 909(34.12)
), ArticleFig(id=1240633250247397686, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633243385517036, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

肺结节检出率的单因素分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
临床特征例数肺结节(n=2 054)非肺结节(n=8 526)χ2P
年龄(岁)647.585<0.001
18~3067273(3.55)599(7.04)
31~402 308273(13.29)2 035(23.88)
41~504 164672(32.72)3 492(40.95)
51~602 818709(34.52)2 109(24.72)
>60618327(15.92)291(3.41)
性别509.090<0.001
5 5981 545(75.22)4 053(47.55)
4 982509(24.78)4 473(52.45)
BMI(kg/m22.4190.490
<18.51 073197(9.59)876(10.27)
18.5~23.95 9261 149(55.94)4 777(56.03)
24.0~27.92 418491(23.90)1 927(22.60)
≥28.01 163217(10.56)946(11.10)
职业暴露1 228.839<0.001
高暴露职业4 0171 472(71.68)2 545(29.85)
低暴露职业6 563582(28.32)5 981(70.15)
吸烟348.001<0.001
3 090945(46.02)2 145(25.16)
7 4901 109(53.98)6 381(74.84)
饮酒1.9900.158
2 090381(18.55)1 699(19.93)
8 5001 673(71.45)6 827(80.07)
运动锻炼879.241<0.001
参加5 072382(18.58)4 690(55.01)
不参加5 5081 672(81.42)3 836(44.99)
饮水来源0.6440.725
自来水4 217828(40.31)3 389(39.75)
过滤水3 908763(37.15)3 145(36.89)
湖泊水2 455463(22.54)1 992(23.36)
是否有吃早餐的习惯265.686<0.001
4 981636(30.97)4 345(50.96)
5 5991 418(69.03)4 181(49.04)
是否高油饮食7 538.856<0.001
2 0541 796(87.42)258(3.03)
8 446258(12.58)8 268(96.97)
是否高盐饮食0.0910.763
5 5071 063(51.75)4 444(52.12)
5 073991(48.25)4 082(47.88)
是否高糖饮食0.0110.916
2 817545(26.55)2 272(26.65)
7 7631 509(73.45)6 254(73.35)
是否吃油炸制品83.013<0.001
7 9811 709(83.19)6 272(73.56)
2 599345(16.81)2 254(26.44)
是否吃奶制品0.5310.466
7 5441 478(71.96)6 066(71.15)
3 036576(28.04)2 460(28.85)
荤素搭配情况355.515<0.001
素食为主6 507890(43.36)5 617(65.88)
荤食为主4 0731 164(56.64)2 909(34.12)
), ArticleFig(id=1240633250352255297, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633243385517036, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Independent variable assignment table of influencing factors of pulmonary nodules in healthy physical examination subjects

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量赋值
01
性别女性男性
吸烟
年龄(岁)≤40>40
运动锻炼参加不参加
是否有吃早餐的习惯
是否高油饮食
职业暴露低职业暴露高职业暴露
是否吃油炸制品
荤素搭配情况素食为主荤食为主
), ArticleFig(id=1240633250465501519, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633243385517036, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

健康体检者肺结节的影响因素自变量赋值表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量赋值
01
性别女性男性
吸烟
年龄(岁)≤40>40
运动锻炼参加不参加
是否有吃早餐的习惯
是否高油饮食
职业暴露低职业暴露高职业暴露
是否吃油炸制品
荤素搭配情况素食为主荤食为主
), ArticleFig(id=1240633250603913563, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633243385517036, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Multivariate logistic regression analysis results on the influencing factors of pulmonary nodules in healthy examinees

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影响因素bWald χ2POR(95%CI)
男性0.7620.3175.7780.0162.143(1.151~3.988)
吸烟0.8040.22612.656<0.0012.234(1.435~3.480)
年龄>40岁0.3720.1744.5710.0331.451(1.031~2.040)
不参加运动锻炼0.4590.1608.2300.0041.582(1.157~2.165)
没有吃早餐的习惯0.3390.1554.7830.0291.404(1.036~1.902)
高油饮食0.3430.1396.0890.0141.409(1.073~1.850)
吃油炸制品0.5850.17710.9240.0011.795(1.269~2.539)
), ArticleFig(id=1240633250729742693, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633243385517036, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

健康体检者肺结节影响因素的多因素logistic回归分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
影响因素bWald χ2POR(95%CI)
男性0.7620.3175.7780.0162.143(1.151~3.988)
吸烟0.8040.22612.656<0.0012.234(1.435~3.480)
年龄>40岁0.3720.1744.5710.0331.451(1.031~2.040)
不参加运动锻炼0.4590.1608.2300.0041.582(1.157~2.165)
没有吃早餐的习惯0.3390.1554.7830.0291.404(1.036~1.902)
高油饮食0.3430.1396.0890.0141.409(1.073~1.850)
吃油炸制品0.5850.17710.9240.0011.795(1.269~2.539)
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某地区健康体检人群肺结节检出情况及其与生活、饮食习惯的关系
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何文娟 , 李晓红
现代预防医学 | 健康与社会行为 2024,51(10): 1845-1851
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现代预防医学 | 健康与社会行为 2024, 51(10): 1845-1851
某地区健康体检人群肺结节检出情况及其与生活、饮食习惯的关系
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何文娟, 李晓红
作者信息
  • 西南医科大学附属医院健康管理中心,四川 泸州 646000
  • 何文娟(1989—),女,硕士,中医师,研究方向:中西医结合呼吸病学、健康管理

通讯作者:

李晓红,E-mail:
Epidemic status of pulmonary nodules among health examination population in a certain area and its relationship with life and dietary habits
Wen-juan HE, Xiao-hong LI
Affiliations
  • Health Management Center, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
出版时间: 2024-05-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202310285
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目的

调查某地区健康体检人群肺结节检出情况,分析其与生活和饮食习惯的关系。

方法

选取2022年6月—2023年6月在西南医科大学附属医院健康管理中心接受健康体检的10 580人进行研究,不限职业,所有健康体检者均行肺部低剂量螺旋CT(low-dose spiral computed tomography, LDCT)检查,筛查肺部结节患者,分析肺结节检出率和影像学特征,同时对纳入的所有健康体检者进行生活和饮食习惯问卷调查,分析肺结节检出率与生活和饮食习惯的关系。

结果

10 580名健康体检者共检出肺结节阳性2 054例,检出率为19.41%,其中1类结节320例(3.02%)、2类结节1 425例(13.47%)、3类结节218例(2.06%)、4类结节91例(0.86%)。不同密度和大小阳性肺结节的Lung-RANDS分类比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不同年龄、性别、职业环境、是否吸烟、是否参加运动锻炼及饮食习惯(是否有吃早餐的习惯、是否高油饮食、是否吃油炸制品以及荤素搭配情况)的健康体检者肺结节检出率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归结果显示男性(OR=2.143,95%CI:1.151~3.988)、吸烟(OR=2.234,95%CI:1.435~3.480)、年龄40岁以上(OR=1.451,95%CI:1.031~2.040)、不参加运动锻炼(OR=1.582,95%CI:1.157~2.165)、没有吃早餐的习惯、(OR=1.404,95%CI:1.036~1.902)、高油饮食(OR=1.409,95%CI:1.073~1.850)、吃油炸制品(OR=1.795,95%CI:1.269~2.539)是本地区健康体检者肺结节发生的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。

结论

泸州地区健康体检人群肺结节检出率较高,相关生活和饮食习惯可能影响肺结节的产生。建议对本地区40岁以上人群积极开展LDCT,重点关注吸烟、不参加运动锻炼、没有吃早餐的习惯、高油饮食、吃油炸制品的高危人群,以及早发现和处理高危肺结节,降低肺癌的发生风险。

肺结节  /  健康体检  /  低剂量螺旋CT  /  生活习惯  /  饮食习惯  /  影响因素
Objective

To investigate the test situation of pulmonary nodules among health examination population in a certain area and analyze its relationship with lifestyle and dietary habits.

Methods

A study was conducted on 10 580 individuals who underwent health examinations at the health management center of The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University from June 2022 to June 2023, regardless of occupation. All health examines underwent low-dose spiral computed tomography (LDCT) lung examination to screen for pulmonary nodule patients, the detection rate and imaging characteristics of pulmonary nodules were analyzed, and a questionnaire survey on their lifestyle and dietary habits was conducted, the relationship between the detection rate of pulmonary nodules and lifestyle and dietary habits were analyzed.

Results

A total of 2 054 positive cases of pulmonary nodules were detected among 10 580 healthy individuals, with a detection rate of 19.41%. Among them, 320 cases were of type 1 nodules (3.02%), 1 425 cases were of type 2 nodules (13.47%), 218 cases were of type 3 nodules (2.06%), and 91 cases were of type 4 nodules (0.86%). There was a statistically significant difference in the classification of Lung RANDS for positive pulmonary nodules of different densities and sizes (P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences in the detection rate of pulmonary nodules among healthy individuals of different ages, genders, occupational environments, smoking habits, participation in physical exercise, and dietary habits (whether you have the habit of eating breakfast, whether you eat a high-oil diet, whether you eat fried products and the combination of meat and vegetables). Multivariate logistic regression results showed that males (OR=2.143, 95%CI: 1.151-3.9880), smokers (OR=2.234, 95%CI: 1.435-3.480), aged over 40 years old (OR=1.451, 95%CI: 1.031-2.040), not participating in physical exercise (OR=1.582, 95%CI: 1.157-2.165), and no habit of eating breakfast (OR=1.404, 95%CI:1.036-1.902), high oil diet (OR=1.409, 95%CI: 1.073-1.850) and eat fried products (OR=1.795, 95%CI: 1.269-2.539) were independent risk factors for pulmonary nodules in healthy individuals in this region (P<0.05).

Conclusion

The detection rate of pulmonary nodules in the health examination population in Luzhou region is relatively high, and related lifestyle and dietary habits may affect the occurrence of pulmonary nodules. It is recommended to actively carry out LDCT for people over 40 years old in this area, focusing on high-risk groups who smoke, do not participate in physical exercise, have habits of not eating breakfast, high oil diet and eating fried products. Early detection and management of high-risk pulmonary nodules can reduce the risk of lung cancer.

Pulmonary nodules  /  Health examination  /  Low dose spiral CT  /  Living habits  /  Dietary habits  /  Influential factors
何文娟, 李晓红. 某地区健康体检人群肺结节检出情况及其与生活、饮食习惯的关系. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (10) : 1845 -1851 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202310285
Wen-juan HE, Xiao-hong LI. Epidemic status of pulmonary nodules among health examination population in a certain area and its relationship with life and dietary habits[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (10) : 1845 -1851 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202310285
近年来随着人们生活质量的提高和环境的改变,肺结节成为一种高发的肺部病变[1]。调查[2]指出,约31.2%的健康体检者CT检查显示存在至少1个肺结节。肺结节是早期肺癌的征象之一,约40%的孤立性肺结节为恶性病变。既往研究[3]发现,肺结节的发生可能与某些生活和饮食习惯有关,如体力锻炼不足、饮食不合理等。了解地区健康体检人群肺结节的发生率及其与本地居民生活和饮食习惯的关系能为肺结节的预防和发生提供指导,从而有效降低肺癌的发生[4]。本研究通过对泸州地区西南医科大学附属医院健康管理中心进行健康体检的10 580人通过肺部低剂量螺旋CT(low-dose spiral computed tomography, LDCT)检查行肺结节筛查,并对其进行生活习惯和饮食习惯的调查,了解本地区健康体检者肺结节的检出率,并分析其与生活、饮食习惯的相关性,为本地区政府和相关部门制定科学有效的健康管理策略提供借鉴。
选取2022年6月—2023年6月在西南医科大学附属医院健康管理中心接受健康体检的10 580人进行研究,所有健康体检者均行肺部LDCT检查。
纳入标准:(1)年龄18周岁及以上,不限性别、不限职业;(2)泸州地区常住人口,居住时间不少于6个月;(3)均接受肺部LDCT检查;(4)无重大疾病史。排除标准:(1)有临床CT检查禁忌症者;(2)合并严重心、肝、肾等重要器官功能障碍者;(3)既往已确诊恶性肿瘤者;(4)不配合本研究者;(5)备孕女性,妊娠或哺乳期妇女;(6)合并智力、认知或精神障碍者。本研究纳入研究对象均对研究方案知情同意,并签署知情同意书。本研究方法经西南医科大学附属医院伦理委员会审核批准(KY2024117)。
所有入选体检者应用德国西门子Emotion 16螺旋CT扫描仪进行肺部LDCT检查(扫描参数:管电压120 kV,螺距1.0 mm,层厚7 mm,重建矩阵512×512,重建层厚1.0 mm,层间距0.7 mm,旋转时间0.5 s)。扫描结束后由资历较高的放射科医师应用双盲法分析所有受试者的图像检查报告,观察并记录肺结节大小、数量、位置、密度、毛刺、分叶、支气管征等,在图像处理上存在分歧时由双方进行协商达成统一意见。判断标准:出现局灶性、有明显边界、圆形、椭圆形、类圆形的高密度影判断为肺结节。肺结节应用肺-报告和数据系统(lung-reporting and data system, Lung-RADS)分为1~4类:1类为无结节和确定为良性结节,2类为良性结节表现或可见变化结节,3类为可能良性结节,4类为可疑恶性结节。
应用自制的《健康体检检前问卷》对所有受试者进行生活习惯和饮食习惯相关调查,问卷由3个维度组成,Cronbach’s α系数为0.924,各维度Cronbach’s α系数区间为0.843~0.905;验证性因子分析结果显示问卷模型拟合度较好(CFI=0.913,TLI=0.907,RMSEA=0.052),问卷平均内容效度指数为0.926,表明本研究问卷具有良好的效度。
问卷第一部分为人口学资料,包括受试者性别、年龄、BMI、职业等;定义BMI不足18.5 kg/m2为偏瘦,18.5~23.9 kg/m2为正常,24.0~27.9 kg/m2为超重,28.0 kg/m2及以上为肥胖;依据是否长时间接触油烟、灰尘,氯乙烯、石棉等可诱发肺结节的有毒有害物质,从事室内装修工作,将受试对象的职业分为高暴露职业(餐饮业、建筑业、化工类等)和低暴露职业(事业单位、行政机关、企业等)。第二部分为生活习惯,包括吸烟、饮酒、运动锻炼等;每天吸烟≥1支、且持续时间≥6个月定义为吸烟;每周饮酒≥1次,且持续时间≥6个月定义为饮酒;平均每周进行有氧运动≥1次,每次平均时间为30 min定义为参加运动锻炼。第三部分为饮食习惯,包括是否有吃早餐的习惯、是否高油饮食(>30 g/天),是否高盐饮食(>5 g/天),是否高糖饮食(>50 g/天)、是否吃油炸制品,是否吃奶制品、荤素搭配情况(素食为主、荤食为主),饮水来源(自来水、过滤水、湖泊水)等情况;高油、高盐及高糖饮食的判定标准参考《中国居民膳食指南(2022)》制定[5]
受试者在进行健康检查前发放调查问卷并完成问卷调查,由2名经过培训的健康管理中心工作人员采用面对面的方式完成,受试者完成问卷调查健康体检。所有调查问卷均进行编码,双人录入Epidata3.1中。整理数据资料时对影像报告进行核查,剔除非首次LDCT资料,检查Lung-RADS分类是否正确标注,对无明确分类的资料请放射科医生重新确定。
应用SPSS 26.0进行统计学分析。用频数和构成比(%)的形式描述计数资料。
单因素分析采用χ2检验或Fisher精确检验,二分类变量采用四表格χ2检验;多因素分析以是否检出肺结节为因变量,以单因素分析结果显示有统计学意义的因素作为自变量,应用多因素logistic回归模型分析本地区健康体检人群生活和饮食习惯对肺结节发生的影响,检验水准α=0.05。
10 580名健康体检者中男性5 598人(52.91%),女性4 982人(47.09%);年龄18~89岁,平均(46.32±11.84)岁。健康体检者共检出肺结节阳性2 054例,检出率为19.41%。不同密度和大小阳性肺结节的Lung-RADS分类比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),不同部位、数量阳性肺结节分类差异尚未发现统计学意义(P>0.05),见表1
年龄、性别、职业环境、是否吸烟、是否参加运动锻炼及饮食习惯(是否有吃早餐的习惯、是否高油饮食、是否吃油炸制品以及荤素搭配情况)与健康体检者肺结节检出有关(P<0.05),见表2
多因素分析结果表明:男性、吸烟、年龄40岁以上、不参加运动锻炼、没有吃早餐的习惯、高油饮食、吃油炸制品是本地区健康体检者肺结节发生的独立危险因素(P<0.05),见表3表4
本研究结果显示,泸州地区健康体检人群肺结节检出率接近受检人群的1/5,多项研究表明[6-7]年龄增加、不良的生活习惯和饮食习惯均会增加肺结节的发生风险。因此,应定期对本地区居民开展“定期体检,预防大于治疗”的宣传活动,提高人群健康意识。根据本研究结果,应对本地区40岁以上人群积极开展LDCT,重点关注吸烟、不参加运动锻炼、没有吃早餐的习惯、高油饮食、吃油炸制品的高危人群,以及早发现和处理高危肺结节,降低肺癌的发生风险。
随着医学影像技术的进步,越来越多的无症状患者被检测到患有肺结节[8-9]。临床实践中,及早检出肺结节并正确判断该结节性质,对疾病治疗有重要指导作用[10]。需尽早切除恶性结节以避免病情发展;对良性结节则要避免不必要的手术治疗[11]。本研究对泸州地区10 580名健康体检者肺结节检出情况进行调查,共检出肺结节阳性2 054例,检出率为19.41%,比廖俊蕾等人[12]对在川北医学院附属医院进行健康体检的10 642名健康体检者26.8%的肺结节检出率低,原因主要与地域差异、样本选取等有关。不同密度和大小阳性肺结节的Lung-RANDS分类存在差异,结节大小、内部特征等临床特征对临床上判别肺结节良恶性有重要意义。研究表明,大多数肺结节表现为良性,其可能由感染、炎症、血管病变等引起。但是,对于恶性肺结节,及早的诊断和治疗至关重要,它们可能是早期肺癌的表现之一[13]。尤其对于高危人群,定期的医学影像检查能够帮助发现可能存在的问题[14]
本研究结果表明,男性、吸烟、年龄41~50岁,51~60岁、60岁以上、不参加运动锻炼、没有吃早餐的习惯、高油饮食和吃油炸制品是本地区健康体检者肺结节发生的独立危险因素。国外有研究[15]指出,年龄、吸烟是恶性肺结节的独立危险因素。国内的大样本研究[16]显示,年龄是恶性孤立性肺结节的危险因子,本研究也显示年龄是肺结节的重要危险因素。另外,男性也是肺结节的危险因素,这与潘越等人[17]的研究结论一致,但另有研究[18]指出,女性可作为恶性孤立性肺结节的危险因子,还有研究[19]指出,性别与肺结节的发生无统计学相关性,性别是否是肺结节的独立危险因素还需要进一步研究确定。吸烟和工作环境与肺结节检出率有关。众吸烟是肺癌的独立危险因素,吸烟者发生恶性肺结节和肺癌的风险相比较非吸烟者更高。文献综述表明[20],肺癌引起的死亡患者中,80%~90%与吸烟有关,吸烟时间越长、吸烟量越多,肺癌发生和死亡的风险越高,烟草中含有多种致癌物质,长期的刺激会引发肺气肿等肺部疾病,最终会引起肺结节或肺癌。长期处于空气质量差,接触有毒物质的工作环境中,呼吸系统长期受到不良刺激,导致肺结节的检出率也更高。此外,本研究发现肺结节与健康体检者的饮食习惯和生活习惯也有明显关联,不参加运动锻炼、没有吃早餐的习惯、高油饮食和吃油炸制品都是肺结节重要影响因素。研究[21]指出,参加体育锻炼能增强老年人的通气功能和换气功能,减少氧耗量,增加活动耐力,其指出无论何种运动锻炼,长期坚持都能改善肺功能。饮食习惯,包括多吃新鲜蔬菜、水果、粗粮、豆制品、饮茶等都能很大程度减少肺结节的发生,本研究也证实肺结节的发生与没有吃早餐的习惯、高油饮食和吃油炸制品是肺结节的危险因素,分析原因可能与高油脂食物和油炸制品中含有大量的有害物质,如反式脂肪酸、色素、膨松剂等会对呼吸系统产生不良刺激有关,从而导致肺结节发病风险升高[22]。以往有研究[23]指出,饮食不规律与肺癌的发生存在较强的正相关性。
本研究的不足之处在于样本量较少,且研究对象均为接受健康体检的人群,存在选择偏倚,下一步我们将通过优化研究方案、扩大样本量进行分层抽样来减小误差、严格掌握纳入排除标准等手段进一步探讨本地区人群肺结节的临床特征和影响因素,以期为肺结节的诊断和预防提供更有价值的依据。
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2024年第51卷第10期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202310285
  • 接收时间:2023-10-19
  • 首发时间:2026-03-17
  • 出版时间:2024-05-25
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  • 收稿日期:2023-10-19
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    西南医科大学附属医院健康管理中心,四川 泸州 646000

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
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红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
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