Article(id=1240633242198537101, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240633237542851387, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202311280, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1699891200000, receivedDateStr=2023-11-14, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773719614791, onlineDateStr=2026-03-17, pubDate=1716566400000, pubDateStr=2024-05-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773719614791, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773719614791, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773719614791, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240633237542851387, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='10', pageStart='1729', pageEnd='1920', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773719613680, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773720039302, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1240635022806405370, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240633237542851387, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1240635022806405371, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240633237542851387, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1787, endPage=1794, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240633242437612439, articleId=1240633242198537101, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Development and validation of a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator-based prediction model for depression in adolescents with polycystic ovary syndrome, columnId=1228016568949474136, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Child and Adolescent health, Maternal and Child Health, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To establish a depression prediction model for adolescents with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) and validate the model.

Methods

Patients’ data were collected from the gynecological clinic of Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University according to the item pool of risk factors for depression in adolescents with PCOS. Data collected between October 2021 and September 2022. In this study, R software (version 4.2.1) was used to perform regression analysis by the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), so as to screen out strong risk factors related to depression in adolescents with PCOS. These risk factors were then incorporated into logistic regression to develop a depression warning model in adolescents with PCOS. The model has been visualized by nomogram and has been verified both internally and externally. The predicted effect of the model was evaluated through discrimination, specificity and sensitivity. Decision curve analysis was used to analyze the clinical effect of the model.

Results

The model was as follows: depression risk=1/(1+exp-(-4.055+0.221×sleep+0.729×hormonal contraceptive use+0.920 ×hirsutism+0.079×illness perception -0.058×social support+1.049×(luteinizing hormone/follicle stimulating hormone)≥2)). The area under the ROC curve for this model was 0.881. The optimal cut-off value on the ROC curve was 0.278, corresponding to a high specificity and sensitivity of 76.2% and 88.0%, respectively. The corrected area under the ROC curve obtained was 0.867. In addition, the result of decision curve analysis showed that the model could provide effective evidence support for clinical decision-making. The area under the ROC curve obtained from external validation was 0.871.

Conclusion

In this study, an early warning model of depression risk in adolescents with PCOS was constructed. It can effectively identify people at high risk of depression in adolescents with PCOS at an early stage, thus providing a theoretical basis for the implementation of comprehensive and effective risk prevention measures.

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目的

构建青春期多囊卵巢综合征(Polycystic Ovary Syndrome,PCOS)抑郁风险预警模型并验证。

方法

收集2021年10月—2022年9月到遵义医科大学附属医院妇科门诊就诊的青春期PCOS患者资料。使用R 4.2.1软件的最小绝对值压缩选择模型(Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator,LASSO)筛选危险因素,纳入logistic回归建立青春期PCOS抑郁风险预警模型,绘制列线图并进行内外部验证,使用区分度、特异度和灵敏度评价模型,通过临床决策曲线图分析临床效用。

结果

最终筛选出6个预测变量构建模型:抑郁风险=1/(1+exp-(-4.055+0.221×睡眠+0.729×服用激素类避孕药+0.920×多毛+0.079×疾病认知-0.058×社会支持+1.049×促黄体激素/促卵泡激素(≥2)))。该模型ROC曲线下面积0.881,最佳截断值0.278时,特异度和灵敏度分别为76.2%和88.0%。内部验证后ROC曲线下面积0.867。临床决策曲线结果示模型可为临床决策提供证据支持,外部验证ROC曲线下面积0.871。

结论

本研究构建的青春期PCOS抑郁风险预警模型,可早期识别青春期PCOS抑郁高风险人群,为实施综合有效的风险防范措施提供理论依据。

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王连红,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=a9n01RUWIiNwMmF/SvLQ/w==, magXml=Ak4qldXxvsxtGtMfIwrdZg==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=0CW2zCsGqgCOfIv7GJ8XiQ==, pdfFileSize=1237139, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=dK6H7qfSJJ1Jjw6VmRUCIQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=IsJucDVrPs68sC3NbbbHiA==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

丁锐(1994—),女,硕士,主管护师,研究方向:妇女健康及延续性护理

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丁锐(1994—),女,硕士,主管护师,研究方向:妇女健康及延续性护理

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JAMA Network Open, 2021, 4(3): e212373., articleTitle=Association between disturbed sleep and depression in children and youths: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1240633255280570972, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633242198537101, awardId=gzwkj2023-243, language=CN, fundingSource=2023年贵州省卫生健康委科学技术基金项目(gzwkj2023-243), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1240633255372845667, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633242198537101, awardId=遵市科合HZ字(2021)21号, language=CN, fundingSource=遵义市科技计划项目(遵市科合HZ字(2021)21号), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1240633246497697874, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633242198537101, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240633246506086483, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633242198537101, 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journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633242198537101, language=CN, label=图6, caption=青春期PCOS抑郁预测模型外部验证ROC曲线下面积, figureFileSmall=V+EDyrWeXuD/gBWIL0mHVg==, figureFileBig=7e+BgENGUcC9lJa6aRFtnQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240633254366212622, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633242198537101, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Risk factors for depression in adolescents with PCOS and their research tools

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
版块维度自变量研究工具
一般因素个体易感因素年龄自行设计问卷
遗传因素
居住地
独生子女
运动
吸烟史
饮酒史
吸毒史
体质指数(Body Mass Index, BMI)研究人员测量
腰围(Waist Circumference, WC)
臀围(Hip Circumference, HC)
腰臀比(Waist-Hip Ratio, WHR)
情绪情绪调节量表[11]
网络成瘾网络成瘾测试量表[12]
生物学因素睡眠阿森斯失眠量表[13]
社会心理环境因素家庭环境自行设计问卷
依恋方式
受教育程度
社会支持领悟社会支持量表[14]
适应不良修订版青少年自评生活事件量表[15]
人际关系
压力性生活事件
疾病相关因素诊断及治疗因素患病时长自行设计问卷
服用药物
服药时长
症状相关因素身体意象青少年负面身体自我量表[16]
多毛研究人员评估
痤疮
黑棘皮症
月经不调
肥胖
疾病认知因素疾病感知简短疾病认知问卷[17]
控制感
病理因素胰岛素(Insulin,INS)实验室检验指标
睾酮(Total Testosterone,TES)
促黄体激素/促卵泡激素(Luteinizing Hormone/Follicle Stimulating Hormone, FH/FSH)
泌乳素(Prolactin, PRL)
共病(颈部疼痛、炎症、特应性皮炎、糖尿病、心血管疾病等)自行设计问卷
), ArticleFig(id=1240633254487847451, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633242198537101, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

青春期PCOS抑郁危险因素及其研究工具

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
版块维度自变量研究工具
一般因素个体易感因素年龄自行设计问卷
遗传因素
居住地
独生子女
运动
吸烟史
饮酒史
吸毒史
体质指数(Body Mass Index, BMI)研究人员测量
腰围(Waist Circumference, WC)
臀围(Hip Circumference, HC)
腰臀比(Waist-Hip Ratio, WHR)
情绪情绪调节量表[11]
网络成瘾网络成瘾测试量表[12]
生物学因素睡眠阿森斯失眠量表[13]
社会心理环境因素家庭环境自行设计问卷
依恋方式
受教育程度
社会支持领悟社会支持量表[14]
适应不良修订版青少年自评生活事件量表[15]
人际关系
压力性生活事件
疾病相关因素诊断及治疗因素患病时长自行设计问卷
服用药物
服药时长
症状相关因素身体意象青少年负面身体自我量表[16]
多毛研究人员评估
痤疮
黑棘皮症
月经不调
肥胖
疾病认知因素疾病感知简短疾病认知问卷[17]
控制感
病理因素胰岛素(Insulin,INS)实验室检验指标
睾酮(Total Testosterone,TES)
促黄体激素/促卵泡激素(Luteinizing Hormone/Follicle Stimulating Hormone, FH/FSH)
泌乳素(Prolactin, PRL)
共病(颈部疼痛、炎症、特应性皮炎、糖尿病、心血管疾病等)自行设计问卷
), ArticleFig(id=1240633254613676582, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633242198537101, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Variable assignment table

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量类别变量名称变量赋值
因变量抑郁0=否,1=是
自变量年龄(岁)数值变量
BMI(Kg/m2
WC(cm)
HC(cm)
WHR
情绪调节
网络成瘾
睡眠
生活事件
社会支持
身体意象
疾病认知
PRL
TES
INS
家族精神病史0=无,1=有
多毛
痤疮
黑棘皮症
月经不调
共病(如:颈部疼痛、特应性皮炎、炎症、糖尿病、心血管疾病等)
独生子女0=否,1=是
运动(2周以上,≥3次/周且≥30 min/次的规律运动)
单亲家庭
(为治疗PCOS)服用过激素类避孕药
LH/FSH≥2
居住地0=城市,1=农村/乡镇
吸烟史1=不吸烟,2=既往吸烟,3=现在吸烟
饮酒史1=不饮酒,2=既往饮酒,3=现在饮酒
吸毒史1=不吸毒,2=既往吸毒,3=现在吸毒
受教育程度1=小学,2=初中,3=高中/中专,4=大专/本科
患病时长1=近一周内/刚刚得知,2=1周~3个月(含1周),3=3个月~1年(含3个月),4=1年~2年(含1年),5=2年~3年(含2年),6=3年及以上
服用避孕药时长1=3个月以内,2=3个月~6个月(含3个月),3=6个月~1年(含6个月),4=1年~2年(含1年),5=2年及以上
), ArticleFig(id=1240633254747894321, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633242198537101, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

变量赋值表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量类别变量名称变量赋值
因变量抑郁0=否,1=是
自变量年龄(岁)数值变量
BMI(Kg/m2
WC(cm)
HC(cm)
WHR
情绪调节
网络成瘾
睡眠
生活事件
社会支持
身体意象
疾病认知
PRL
TES
INS
家族精神病史0=无,1=有
多毛
痤疮
黑棘皮症
月经不调
共病(如:颈部疼痛、特应性皮炎、炎症、糖尿病、心血管疾病等)
独生子女0=否,1=是
运动(2周以上,≥3次/周且≥30 min/次的规律运动)
单亲家庭
(为治疗PCOS)服用过激素类避孕药
LH/FSH≥2
居住地0=城市,1=农村/乡镇
吸烟史1=不吸烟,2=既往吸烟,3=现在吸烟
饮酒史1=不饮酒,2=既往饮酒,3=现在饮酒
吸毒史1=不吸毒,2=既往吸毒,3=现在吸毒
受教育程度1=小学,2=初中,3=高中/中专,4=大专/本科
患病时长1=近一周内/刚刚得知,2=1周~3个月(含1周),3=3个月~1年(含3个月),4=1年~2年(含1年),5=2年~3年(含2年),6=3年及以上
服用避孕药时长1=3个月以内,2=3个月~6个月(含3个月),3=6个月~1年(含6个月),4=1年~2年(含1年),5=2年及以上
), ArticleFig(id=1240633254840169019, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633242198537101, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Basic characteristics of PCOS patients in adolescence

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变量模型构建队列(n=234)模型外部验证队列(n=101)P
年龄a18(17,19)18(17,19)0.443
BMIb23.23±4.2523.14±4.700.867
WCb73.24±6.8573.48±10.250.339
HCb95.63±5.5295.50±7.950.333
WHRb0.77±0.050.77±0.050.846
情绪调节b58.31±4.1456.99±5.100.021
网络成瘾b55.62±13.8153.37±12.340.158
睡眠a/b7(4,10)7.52±4.150.741
社会支持b58.36±13.9060.19±14.040.272
生活事件b54.90±14.9455.51±16.650.739
身体意象b68.35±19.1766.84±19.120.509
疾病认知b44.39±11.0844.92±11.730.695
居住地c0.662
城市140(59.83)63(62.38)
农村/城镇94(40.17)38(37.62)
单亲家庭c0.489
39(16.67)20(19.80)
195(83.33)81(80.20)
独生子女c0.832
44(18.80)18(17.82)
190(81.20)83(82.18)
家族精神病史c
14(5.98)8(7.92)0.511
220(94.02)93(92.08)
吸毒史c
0(0.00)0(0.00)
234(100.00)101(100.00)
运动(≥3次/周且≥30 min/次的规律运动)c0.807
71(30.34)32(31.68)
163(69.66)69(68.32)
吸烟史c0.460
不吸烟217(92.74)94(93.07)
既往吸烟10(4.27)2(1.98)
现在吸烟7(2.99)5(4.95)
饮酒史c
不饮酒221(94.44)93(92.08)0.690
既往饮酒5(2.14)3(2.97)
现在饮酒8(3.42)5(4.95)
受教育程度c0.342
小学3(1.28)1(0.99)
初中21(8.97)9(8.91)
高中/中专118(50.43)61(60.40)
大专/本科92(39.32)30(29.70)
患病时长c0.234
近一周内/刚刚得知69(29.49)22(21.78)
1周~3个月(含1周)31(13.25)12(11.88)
3个月~1年(含3个月)48(20.51)24(23.76)
1年~2年(含1年)57(24.36)25(24.76)
2年~3年(含2年)23(9.83)10(9.90)
3年及以上6(2.56)8(7.92)
服用激素类避孕药c0.880
171(73.08)73(72.28)
63(26.92)28(27.72)
服药时长c0.102
3个月以内101(43.16)42(41.59)
3个月~6个月(含3个月)17(7.27)15(14.85)
6个月~1年(含6个月)77(32.91)23(22.77)
1年~2年(含1年)36(15.38)20(19.80)
2年及以上3(1.28)1(0.99)
多毛c0.444
75(32.05)67(66.34)
159(67.95)34(33.66)
痤疮c0.250
60(25.64)20(19.80)
174(74.36)81(80.20)
黑棘皮症c0.762
12(5.13)6(5.94)
222(94.87)95(94.06)
月经不调c234(100.00)101(100.00)
0(0.00)0(0.00)
共病(如:颈部疼痛、特应性皮炎、炎症、糖尿病、心血管疾病等)c0.824
37(15.81)15(14.85)
197(84.19)86(85.15)
LH/FSH≥2c0.714
120(51.28)54(53.47)
114(48.72)47(46.53)
PRLa323.90(243.88,432.40)303.80(245.75,404.35)0.443
TESa/b1.43±0.811.51(0.84,1.81)0.418
INSa7.80(5.78,13.23)8.90(6.20,14.05)0.261
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青春期PCOS患者基本特征

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变量模型构建队列(n=234)模型外部验证队列(n=101)P
年龄a18(17,19)18(17,19)0.443
BMIb23.23±4.2523.14±4.700.867
WCb73.24±6.8573.48±10.250.339
HCb95.63±5.5295.50±7.950.333
WHRb0.77±0.050.77±0.050.846
情绪调节b58.31±4.1456.99±5.100.021
网络成瘾b55.62±13.8153.37±12.340.158
睡眠a/b7(4,10)7.52±4.150.741
社会支持b58.36±13.9060.19±14.040.272
生活事件b54.90±14.9455.51±16.650.739
身体意象b68.35±19.1766.84±19.120.509
疾病认知b44.39±11.0844.92±11.730.695
居住地c0.662
城市140(59.83)63(62.38)
农村/城镇94(40.17)38(37.62)
单亲家庭c0.489
39(16.67)20(19.80)
195(83.33)81(80.20)
独生子女c0.832
44(18.80)18(17.82)
190(81.20)83(82.18)
家族精神病史c
14(5.98)8(7.92)0.511
220(94.02)93(92.08)
吸毒史c
0(0.00)0(0.00)
234(100.00)101(100.00)
运动(≥3次/周且≥30 min/次的规律运动)c0.807
71(30.34)32(31.68)
163(69.66)69(68.32)
吸烟史c0.460
不吸烟217(92.74)94(93.07)
既往吸烟10(4.27)2(1.98)
现在吸烟7(2.99)5(4.95)
饮酒史c
不饮酒221(94.44)93(92.08)0.690
既往饮酒5(2.14)3(2.97)
现在饮酒8(3.42)5(4.95)
受教育程度c0.342
小学3(1.28)1(0.99)
初中21(8.97)9(8.91)
高中/中专118(50.43)61(60.40)
大专/本科92(39.32)30(29.70)
患病时长c0.234
近一周内/刚刚得知69(29.49)22(21.78)
1周~3个月(含1周)31(13.25)12(11.88)
3个月~1年(含3个月)48(20.51)24(23.76)
1年~2年(含1年)57(24.36)25(24.76)
2年~3年(含2年)23(9.83)10(9.90)
3年及以上6(2.56)8(7.92)
服用激素类避孕药c0.880
171(73.08)73(72.28)
63(26.92)28(27.72)
服药时长c0.102
3个月以内101(43.16)42(41.59)
3个月~6个月(含3个月)17(7.27)15(14.85)
6个月~1年(含6个月)77(32.91)23(22.77)
1年~2年(含1年)36(15.38)20(19.80)
2年及以上3(1.28)1(0.99)
多毛c0.444
75(32.05)67(66.34)
159(67.95)34(33.66)
痤疮c0.250
60(25.64)20(19.80)
174(74.36)81(80.20)
黑棘皮症c0.762
12(5.13)6(5.94)
222(94.87)95(94.06)
月经不调c234(100.00)101(100.00)
0(0.00)0(0.00)
共病(如:颈部疼痛、特应性皮炎、炎症、糖尿病、心血管疾病等)c0.824
37(15.81)15(14.85)
197(84.19)86(85.15)
LH/FSH≥2c0.714
120(51.28)54(53.47)
114(48.72)47(46.53)
PRLa323.90(243.88,432.40)303.80(245.75,404.35)0.443
TESa/b1.43±0.811.51(0.84,1.81)0.418
INSa7.80(5.78,13.23)8.90(6.20,14.05)0.261
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Results of LASSO regression analysis of risk factors for depression in PCOS adolescents

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变量回归系数POR值(95%CI
截距-4.0551.2960.0020.017(0.001~0.202)
睡眠0.2210.050<0.0011.247(1.137~1.382)
服用激素类避孕药0.7290.4260.0872.072(0.916~4.932)
多毛0.9200.3850.0172.509(1.187~5.410)
疾病认知0.0790.019<0.0011.082(1.044~1.125)
社会支持-0.0580.014<0.0010.944(0.916~0.970)
LH/FSH≥21.0490.3640.0042.854(1.414~5.932)
), ArticleFig(id=1240633255158936145, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633242198537101, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

青春期PCOS抑郁风险因素的LASSO回归分析结果

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变量回归系数POR值(95%CI
截距-4.0551.2960.0020.017(0.001~0.202)
睡眠0.2210.050<0.0011.247(1.137~1.382)
服用激素类避孕药0.7290.4260.0872.072(0.916~4.932)
多毛0.9200.3850.0172.509(1.187~5.410)
疾病认知0.0790.019<0.0011.082(1.044~1.125)
社会支持-0.0580.014<0.0010.944(0.916~0.970)
LH/FSH≥21.0490.3640.0042.854(1.414~5.932)
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基于最小绝对值压缩选择模型的青春期多囊卵巢综合征抑郁风险预警模型构建及验证
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丁锐 1, 2 , 谭惠文 1, 3 , 刘颖 1, 3 , 严欣 1, 3 , 郭云梅 1, 3 , 王连红 1, 3
现代预防医学 | 儿少卫生与妇幼保健 2024,51(10): 1787-1794
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现代预防医学 | 儿少卫生与妇幼保健 2024, 51(10): 1787-1794
基于最小绝对值压缩选择模型的青春期多囊卵巢综合征抑郁风险预警模型构建及验证
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丁锐1, 2, 谭惠文1, 3, 刘颖1, 3, 严欣1, 3, 郭云梅1, 3, 王连红1, 3
作者信息
  • 1.遵义医科大学附属医院护理部,贵州遵义 563003
  • 2.重庆医科大学附属第二医院感染病科
  • 3.遵义医科大学护理学院
  • 丁锐(1994—),女,硕士,主管护师,研究方向:妇女健康及延续性护理

通讯作者:

王连红,E-mail:
Development and validation of a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator-based prediction model for depression in adolescents with polycystic ovary syndrome
Rui DING1, 2, Hui-wen TAN1, 3, Ying LIU1, 3, Xin YAN1, 3, Yun-mei GUO1, 3, Lian-hong WANG1, 3
Affiliations
  • Department of Nursing, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, China
出版时间: 2024-05-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202311280
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目的

构建青春期多囊卵巢综合征(Polycystic Ovary Syndrome,PCOS)抑郁风险预警模型并验证。

方法

收集2021年10月—2022年9月到遵义医科大学附属医院妇科门诊就诊的青春期PCOS患者资料。使用R 4.2.1软件的最小绝对值压缩选择模型(Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator,LASSO)筛选危险因素,纳入logistic回归建立青春期PCOS抑郁风险预警模型,绘制列线图并进行内外部验证,使用区分度、特异度和灵敏度评价模型,通过临床决策曲线图分析临床效用。

结果

最终筛选出6个预测变量构建模型:抑郁风险=1/(1+exp-(-4.055+0.221×睡眠+0.729×服用激素类避孕药+0.920×多毛+0.079×疾病认知-0.058×社会支持+1.049×促黄体激素/促卵泡激素(≥2)))。该模型ROC曲线下面积0.881,最佳截断值0.278时,特异度和灵敏度分别为76.2%和88.0%。内部验证后ROC曲线下面积0.867。临床决策曲线结果示模型可为临床决策提供证据支持,外部验证ROC曲线下面积0.871。

结论

本研究构建的青春期PCOS抑郁风险预警模型,可早期识别青春期PCOS抑郁高风险人群,为实施综合有效的风险防范措施提供理论依据。

多囊卵巢综合征  /  青春期  /  抑郁  /  最小绝对值压缩选择模型  /  预警模型
Objective

To establish a depression prediction model for adolescents with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) and validate the model.

Methods

Patients’ data were collected from the gynecological clinic of Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University according to the item pool of risk factors for depression in adolescents with PCOS. Data collected between October 2021 and September 2022. In this study, R software (version 4.2.1) was used to perform regression analysis by the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), so as to screen out strong risk factors related to depression in adolescents with PCOS. These risk factors were then incorporated into logistic regression to develop a depression warning model in adolescents with PCOS. The model has been visualized by nomogram and has been verified both internally and externally. The predicted effect of the model was evaluated through discrimination, specificity and sensitivity. Decision curve analysis was used to analyze the clinical effect of the model.

Results

The model was as follows: depression risk=1/(1+exp-(-4.055+0.221×sleep+0.729×hormonal contraceptive use+0.920 ×hirsutism+0.079×illness perception -0.058×social support+1.049×(luteinizing hormone/follicle stimulating hormone)≥2)). The area under the ROC curve for this model was 0.881. The optimal cut-off value on the ROC curve was 0.278, corresponding to a high specificity and sensitivity of 76.2% and 88.0%, respectively. The corrected area under the ROC curve obtained was 0.867. In addition, the result of decision curve analysis showed that the model could provide effective evidence support for clinical decision-making. The area under the ROC curve obtained from external validation was 0.871.

Conclusion

In this study, an early warning model of depression risk in adolescents with PCOS was constructed. It can effectively identify people at high risk of depression in adolescents with PCOS at an early stage, thus providing a theoretical basis for the implementation of comprehensive and effective risk prevention measures.

Polycystic ovary syndrome  /  Adolescents  /  Depression  /  LASSO  /  Prediction model
丁锐, 谭惠文, 刘颖, 严欣, 郭云梅, 王连红. 基于最小绝对值压缩选择模型的青春期多囊卵巢综合征抑郁风险预警模型构建及验证. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (10) : 1787 -1794 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202311280
Rui DING, Hui-wen TAN, Ying LIU, Xin YAN, Yun-mei GUO, Lian-hong WANG. Development and validation of a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator-based prediction model for depression in adolescents with polycystic ovary syndrome[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (10) : 1787 -1794 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202311280
多囊卵巢综合征(Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, PCOS)是女性内分泌代谢性疾病,在中国青春期人群中发病率10.26%[1],主要表现为月经异常、高雄激素血症、不孕、卵巢多囊样变等[2]。PCOS不仅影响生殖功能,同时与精神疾病的发病显著相关,青春期PCOS抑郁的发生率是同龄正常女孩的2.4倍,高达60%[3]。抑郁,又称抑郁症状、情绪抑郁,指具有抑郁症状但未达到临床抑郁症诊断标准的心理亚健康状态,若不加识别和干预,进展为临床抑郁症的概率是正常人2倍[4]。因此,对青春期PCOS抑郁发病风险进行预警并识别高危人群具有重要意义。目前主要通过量表进行常规筛查,虽能评估患者抑郁现状,但无法早期识别和筛选高危人群。国外虽也为构建青少年抑郁风险预警模型进行了有益探索[5-6],但影响因素纳入有限,且由于人种、社会环境、中西方文化差异等,国外开发的模型并不适合国人使用,加之PCOS疾病因素的影响,因此青春期PCOS抑郁危险因素更具复杂性。最小绝对值压缩选择模型(Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator,LASSO)[7]相较于传统回归分析,能通过控制模型复杂度实现变量选择和避免过度拟合。因此,本研究运用LASSO探索青春期PCOS抑郁发病的贡献因子,构建并验证青春期PCOS抑郁风险预测模型,为实施综合有效的风险防范措施提供理论依据。
本研究选取2021年10月—2022年5月、2022年6月—2022年9月在遵义医科大学附属医院妇科门诊诊断为PCOS的青春期人群分别为构建队列和外部验证队列,最终收集到335例患者资料。纳入标准:(1)10~19岁[8];(2)同时满足鹿特丹诊断标准中3个指标[9]:初潮后月经稀发持续至少2年或闭经;高雄激素临床表现或高雄激素血症;超声下卵巢体积增大,≥10 cm3;(3)能自我报告,研究对象及家长知情同意。排除标准:(1)已被确诊临床抑郁症或已接受抗抑郁治疗;(2)有认知障碍;(3)合并其他重要器官严重疾病;(4)其他导致雄激素水平升高及排卵障碍的疾病。本研究获得遵义医科大学伦理委员会批准(KLLY-2021-072)。
本研究基于证据总结和焦点小组讨论,整理出32个潜在模型预测因子,通过现场问卷调查、临床体格检查及收集实验室检验指标来采集患者数据。
本研究采用儿童抑郁量表(Children’s Depression Inventory,CDI)[10]评估青春期PCOS患者抑郁症状严重程度,反映近两周内自我感觉。量表共27个条目,采用0~2点计分,分数越高表明抑郁程度越严重。根据原量表常模,19分为确定抑郁症状的划界分。总量表的Cronbach’α系数0.853,分半信度0.824,效度良好。
根据整理的32个模型预测因子选择研究工具,见表1
研究人员先根据纳排标准确定潜在研究对象,征得其知情同意后,进行临床体格检查,协助完成问卷填写。最后,进行相关健康宣教和治疗用药宣教等,并通过查阅电子病历系统记录性激素及胰岛素水平。数据收集完成由两名研究人员独立进行资料提取与录入,并交叉核对,如遇分歧则查阅原始数据核查。
数据根据不同变量类型进行赋值,见表2
数据分析采用SPSS 18.0。连续性变量符合正态分布的采用()表示,方差齐使用t检验比较组间差异,否则使用秩和检验。非正态分布采用M(Q1,Q3)表示。分类变量采用百分率表示,应用χ2检验或Fisher确切概率法比较组间差异。检验水准α=0.05。
变量筛选采用R 4.2.1软件的LASSO回归进行,筛选后使用logistic回归构建模型并绘制列线图。使用区分度、灵敏度和特异度评价模型,使用Bootstrap重复抽样1 000次进行内部验证。使用ROC曲线下面积(AUC)评估区分度,采用决策曲线分析法评价模型临床有用性,并进行外部验证。
最终纳入335例研究对象,其中抑郁人数121例,非抑郁人数214例,患病率为36.12%。构建队列234例,外部验证队列101例,比较两组基线特征,发现两组间差异基本无统计学意义(情绪调节除外),见表3
以抑郁结局为因变量,处理后自变量纳入LASSO回归进行变量筛选。由图1可知,随着惩罚系数λ的变化,部分自变量系数被压缩至 0,选择十折交叉验证,在最优值处绘制虚线垂直线,被选中的最优 λ 值为0.059 4。最终筛选出LH/FSH(≥2)、多毛、服用激素类避孕药、疾病认知、睡眠及社会支持共6个预测变量(图2)。
表4呈现了青春期PCOS抑郁风险因素的LASSO回归分析结果。筛选出的6个变量纳入logistic回归构建模型:抑郁风险=1/(1+exp-(-4.055+0.221×睡眠+0.729×服用激素类避孕药+0.920×多毛+0.079×疾病认知-0.058×社会支持+1.049×LH/FSH(≥2)))。
列线图是对预测模型中各变量进行整合,6个变量分别依据实测值或分类结果,取值向上投射至列线顶端积分线上可得对应分值,将其相加得到总分,进而通过总分值在列线图底部线上的投射,即可得到青春期PCOS患者发生抑郁概率的预测值,如图3
应用ROC曲线分析模型预测青春期PCOS抑郁风险的能力,得到的ROC曲线下面积0.881(95%CI:0.838~0.924)(图4),风险评估截断值为0.278时,特异度和灵敏度较高,分别为76.2%和88.0%。经过Bootstrap重复抽样迭代1 000次内部验证后,ROC曲线下面积0.867,模型区分度较好。
采用临床决策曲线(Decision Curve Analysis,DCA)描述模型临床效用。如图5所示,代表本模型的红色斜线不靠近两条极端情况线,表明模型临床有用性较好,具有临床净效益。
利用外部验证队列检验模型,得到的ROC曲线下面积为 0.871(95%CI:0.798~0.945)(图6),表明模型在外部验证队列中区分度较好。
本研究得到的青春期PCOS抑郁患病率为36.12%。对比发现,与土耳其[18]的发生率39.2%接近,可能与采用相同的抑郁测评工具及患者来源有关。然而两项来自美国[3, 19]的小样本研究发生率分别为60%和56.5%,可能与样本量过小、患者来源和抑郁测评工具不同有关。由此可见,不同国家、样本量、患者来源及测量工具等得出的青春期PCOS抑郁发生率可能存在差异。
研究显示,实验室检验指标LH/FSH≥2增加青春期PCOS抑郁发生风险。分析发现LH水平升高及LH/FSH比值异常加重卵泡成熟及排出障碍,易引发月经失调、不孕等。月经失调是青春期PCOS患者就诊主要原因,反复月经紊乱增加其被迫就医次数,加重其情绪困扰和心理负担[20]。因此,需警惕LH/FSH比值偏离过大的青春期PCOS患者,及时采取干预措施尽早纠正比值偏差。
研究表明,有明显多毛表现的青春期PCOS患者抑郁发生风险较高。青春期PCOS患者受到高雄激素血症影响,上唇、下腹及脐部周围等可能出现不同程度毛发生长[21]。处于青春期的PCOS患者内心敏感脆弱,过多体毛易加剧其心理烦恼和痛苦。临床工作中针对体毛旺盛的青春期PCOS患者应给予心理关怀及情绪引导,必要时提供毛发去除的方法指导。
研究显示,服用治疗PCOS的激素类避孕药增加青春期PCOS患者抑郁发生风险。分析发现口服避孕药对负责情绪调节的皮质和皮质下区域产生影响[22],而青春期人群此区域尚未发育成熟。同时,青春期患者及家属普遍对口服避孕药存在药物副反应的顾虑和担忧。根据PCOS国际循证指南[2],生活方式管理是一线治疗手段,应多强调生活方式管理的重要性,减轻患者用药顾虑。
研究表明,对疾病负性感知越多的青春期PCOS患者抑郁发生风险越高。Hopkins等[19]指出,青春期PCOS患者反映无法控制的月经紊乱和未来的不孕症使其感到担忧。患者对PCOS的认识及压力感知会导致皮质醇水平升高和心悸等症状,增加其心理负担。因此,应帮助患者了解PCOS疾病本身及相关控制和应对策略,缓解其心理压力。
研究显示,睡眠紊乱增加青春期PCOS抑郁发生风险,这与Marino等[23]结论相似。分析发现睡眠不足影响情绪和情感调节的大脑区域,降低前额叶的活动,还会导致肾上腺雄激素失衡,参与PCOS的形成和发展。同时还对认知功能产生负面影响,使人陷入重复性消极思维。因此应强调良好睡眠的重要性,帮助患者调整激素水平和昼夜节律。
研究表明,获得社会支持水平越低的青春期PCOS患者抑郁发生风险越高,这与Hopkins等[19]发现相似。由于公众对PCOS了解欠深入,疾病认同感缺乏及社会支持不足使青春期PCOS患者更易产生孤立感。建议设立社会支持小组,切实给予患者身心及治疗支持,帮助其进行生活管理和疾病控制。
青春期人群情绪调节功能尚不成熟,罹患PCOS给其带来严峻心理挑战。医护人员作为风险把控的关键,有义务保持对其心理风险的敏锐感知力。本研究构建的青春期PCOS抑郁风险列线图模型,经过内部验证、外部验证和评价,表现出较好的区分度、特异度、灵敏度和临床应用价值,有助于医护人员早期精准预估抑郁发生风险,识别潜在威胁。
研究的局限性在于研究设计为横断面研究,结局仅关注患者当前情绪状态,外部验证局限在同一医院,样本来源具有局限性,对模型可移植性和可泛化性的解释在一定程度上有所限制。未来建议开展前瞻性队列研究,纵向追踪青春期PCOS抑郁高危人群结局走向及变化轨迹,并在多家医院收集患者数据,以扩大样本量及研究说服力。
  • 2023年贵州省卫生健康委科学技术基金项目(gzwkj2023-243)
  • 遵义市科技计划项目(遵市科合HZ字(2021)21号)
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2024年第51卷第10期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202311280
  • 接收时间:2023-11-14
  • 首发时间:2026-03-17
  • 出版时间:2024-05-25
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  • 收稿日期:2023-11-14
基金
2023年贵州省卫生健康委科学技术基金项目(gzwkj2023-243)
遵义市科技计划项目(遵市科合HZ字(2021)21号)
作者信息
    1.遵义医科大学附属医院护理部,贵州遵义 563003
    2.重庆医科大学附属第二医院感染病科
    3.遵义医科大学护理学院

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
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Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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