Article(id=1240633241212875644, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240633237542851387, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202309458, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1695571200000, receivedDateStr=2023-09-25, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773719614556, onlineDateStr=2026-03-17, pubDate=1716566400000, pubDateStr=2024-05-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773719614556, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773719614556, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773719614556, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240633237542851387, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='10', pageStart='1729', pageEnd='1920', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773719613680, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773720039302, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1240635022806405370, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240633237542851387, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1240635022806405371, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240633237542851387, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1766, endPage=1774, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240633241435173759, articleId=1240633241212875644, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Associations between ambient fine particulate matter chemical composition and semen quality, columnId=1228016570660745413, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Environmental and Occupational Health, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To examine the association between exposure to ambient PM2.5 chemical components and semen quality in Southwest China.

Methods

We conducted a longitudinal study to investigate 1 105 sperm donors who lived in Sichuan Province, China and underwent semen examination in Sichuan Province human sperm bank from October 2019 to December 2021. Exposure to ambient PM2.5 and its chemical components in lag 0-90 d, lag 0-9 d, lag 10-14 d and lag 70-90 d were assessed by extracting monthly PM2.5 and its chemical components values from a few validated grid datasets at each subject’s residential address. Spearman rank correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between PM2.5 and its chemical components. A linear mixed-effects model was used to analyze the relationship between exposure to PM2.5 chemical components and semen quality parameters.

Results

PM2.5 is highly positively correlated with its chemical components. PM2.5, NH4+, SO42-, NO3-, OM, and BC exposures were significantly associated with decreased total motility (P<0.05). OM exposure was significantly associated with decreased in sperm progressive motility (P<0.05), and the mean change in sperm progressive motility was -1.166 (95%CI: -2.174 - -0.171) for per IQR (3.1 μg/m3) increase in OM.

Conclusion

PM2.5 and its chemical components are risk factors for sperm total motility.

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目的

探讨PM2.5化学组分暴露和精液质量间的关联。

方法

本研究招募1 105名于2019年10月到2021年12月在四川省人类精子库进行精液检查并居住在四川省的捐精志愿者为研究对象,通过研究对象居住地址的经纬度提取采精前0~90天、0~9天、10~14天、70~90天的PM2.5及其化学组分暴露。采用Spearman秩相关分析评估PM2.5与其化学组分间的相关性。采用线性混合效应模型分析PM2.5化学组分暴露与精液质量参数间的关系。

结果

PM2.5与其化学组分间高度正相关。PM2.5、NH4+、SO42-、NO3-、有机物(OM)和黑碳(BC)暴露均与精子总活力降低显著相关(P<0.05)。OM暴露与精子前向运动率降低显著相关(P<0.05),OM每增加一个四分位数间距(3.1 μg/m3),精子前向运动率的平均值变化-1.166(95%CI: -2.174~-0.171)。

结论

PM2.5及其化学组分是精子总活力下降的危险因素。

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刘振谧,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=U+DFE0aMaFSreSIMBP0WUA==, magXml=F73i6oEvI2r+x/1PFqmZYQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=XEVqlqJpI4/TuWfJdXyxDg==, pdfFileSize=1540878, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=3kLGu27iIqEjHtIDLvOygQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=QnWxx/d3+rojO5Ie083S3g==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

符乐瑶(2000—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:男性生殖健康及儿少妇幼健康

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符乐瑶(2000—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:男性生殖健康及儿少妇幼健康

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Particle and Fibre Toxicology, 2022, 19(1): 67., articleTitle=A comprehensive understanding of ambient particulate matter and its components on the adverse health effects based from epidemiological and laboratory evidence, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240633260464730884, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633241212875644, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=51, issue=14, pageStart=8128, pageEnd=8137, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[36], rfOrder=35, authorNames=Liu C, Cai J, Qiao LP, journalName=Environmental Science & Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liu C, Cai J, Qiao LP, et al. The acute effects of fine particulate matter constituents on blood inflammation and coagulation[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2017, 51(14): 8128-8137., articleTitle=The acute effects of fine particulate matter constituents on blood inflammation and coagulation, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1240633246040518703, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633241212875644, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240633246048907312, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633241212875644, companyId=1240633246040518703, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=West China School of Public Health / West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240633246053101617, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633241212875644, companyId=1240633246040518703, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院,四川 成都 610041)]), AuthorCompany(id=1240633246141182011, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633241212875644, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240633246149570620, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633241212875644, companyId=1240633246141182011, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. 四川大学华西第二医院人类精子库/男科实验室)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1240633252520718825, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633241212875644, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Flow chart of study design, figureFileSmall=qKxFbSly5Togk/BJXMWghg==, figureFileBig=3kLGu27iIqEjHtIDLvOygQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240633252617187827, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633241212875644, language=CN, label=图1, caption=研究设计的流程图, figureFileSmall=qKxFbSly5Togk/BJXMWghg==, figureFileBig=3kLGu27iIqEjHtIDLvOygQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240633254320075274, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633241212875644, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Spearman correlation coefficients between average concentration of ambient PM2.5 and its chemical compositions, daily mean temperature and NDVI in lag 0-90, 0-9, 10-14 and 70-90 days, figureFileSmall=kLRZoQ8xob+qcrWCFKy2aw==, figureFileBig=u+bRm6mCcKvinU20cuFllQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240633254412349969, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633241212875644, language=CN, label=图2, caption=lag 0~90 d、lag 0~9 d、lag 10~14 d、lag 70~90 d 的PM2.5及其化学组分、日均温度暴露、NDVI暴露间的Spearman相关系数

注:所有相关系数的P均<0.05。

, figureFileSmall=kLRZoQ8xob+qcrWCFKy2aw==, figureFileBig=u+bRm6mCcKvinU20cuFllQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240633254513013277, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633241212875644, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Characteristics of study subjects

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征描述
研究对象(n3 355
年龄[岁, M(P25,P75)]24.00(21.00, 28.00)
教育程度[n(%)]
高中/职中218(6.5)
大专/本科2 692(80.2)
硕士及以上445(13.3)
汉族[n(%)]3 205(95.5)
BMI[kg/m2n(%)]
<18.5124(3.7)
18.5~23.92 451(73.1)
24.0~27.9676(20.1)
≥28.0104(3.1)
饮酒情况[n(%)]
从不饮酒2 092(62.4)
饮酒1263(37.6)
吸烟情况[n(%)]
从不吸烟2 706(80.7)
吸烟649(19.3)
体力活动[n(%)]
静坐及低等强度313(9.3)
中等强度1 532(45.7)
高等强度1 510(45.0)
禁欲天数[天,n(%)]
3707(21.1)
41 292(38.5)
5795(23.7)
6355(10.6)
7206(6.1)
), ArticleFig(id=1240633254609482277, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633241212875644, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

研究对象的基本特征

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征描述
研究对象(n3 355
年龄[岁, M(P25,P75)]24.00(21.00, 28.00)
教育程度[n(%)]
高中/职中218(6.5)
大专/本科2 692(80.2)
硕士及以上445(13.3)
汉族[n(%)]3 205(95.5)
BMI[kg/m2n(%)]
<18.5124(3.7)
18.5~23.92 451(73.1)
24.0~27.9676(20.1)
≥28.0104(3.1)
饮酒情况[n(%)]
从不饮酒2 092(62.4)
饮酒1263(37.6)
吸烟情况[n(%)]
从不吸烟2 706(80.7)
吸烟649(19.3)
体力活动[n(%)]
静坐及低等强度313(9.3)
中等强度1 532(45.7)
高等强度1 510(45.0)
禁欲天数[天,n(%)]
3707(21.1)
41 292(38.5)
5795(23.7)
6355(10.6)
7206(6.1)
), ArticleFig(id=1240633254714339885, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633241212875644, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Distribution of semen parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
精液质量参数s百分位数IQR
P5P25P50P75P95
精子总数(106445.60281.28114.70252.00390.40577.50949.77325.50
精液量(ml)3.891.472.002.903.704.706.601.80
精子浓度(106/ml)119.7071.1037.0070.00103.00152.50260.0082.50
精子前向运动率(%)66.9311.7244.0061.0068.0075.0083.0014.00
精子总活力(%)72.3412.4449.0065.6074.0081.0189.0015.41
), ArticleFig(id=1240633254815003192, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633241212875644, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

精液参数的分布情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
精液质量参数s百分位数IQR
P5P25P50P75P95
精子总数(106445.60281.28114.70252.00390.40577.50949.77325.50
精液量(ml)3.891.472.002.903.704.706.601.80
精子浓度(106/ml)119.7071.1037.0070.00103.00152.50260.0082.50
精子前向运动率(%)66.9311.7244.0061.0068.0075.0083.0014.00
精子总活力(%)72.3412.4449.0065.6074.0081.0189.0015.41
), ArticleFig(id=1240633254936638017, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633241212875644, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Distribution of individual exposure of PM2.5 and its chemical components, NDVI and daily mean temperature in lag 0-90, 0-9, 10-14 and 70-90 days

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
环境因素暴露M(IQR)最小值百分位数最大值
P20P40P60P80
lag 0~90 d
PM2.5(μg/m336.40±12.6033.60(11.70)8.9727.0231.3635.7042.7477.25
NH4+(μg/m34.20±2.303.44(2.00)1.282.543.123.785.1812.55
SO42-(μg/m35.80±2.205.30(2.00)1.724.164.985.676.8313.08
NO3-(μg/m37.10±3.805.78(3.40)1.554.295.256.348.8920.64
OM(μg/m310.60±2.909.98(3.10)2.308.339.4810.5712.2119.41
BC(μg/m32.00±0.501.96(0.50)0.461.611.872.042.263.48
NDVI0.36±0.080.36(0.10)0.100.300.340.380.430.74
日均温度(℃)20.79±4.6322.40(6.17)5.3516.7021.3023.3024.7925.94
lag 0~9 d
PM2.5(μg/m329.87±8.2027.10(10.70)7.6024.8026.0029.2037.2055.60
NH4+(μg/m33.18±1.192.78(1.62)1.002.202.573.154.186.97
SO42-(μg/m34.59±1.374.20(1.86)1.513.613.864.525.748.93
NO3-(μg/m35.41±2.114.80(2.44)1.263.614.335.307.1612.22
OM(μg/m39.00±2.278.38(3.06)1.977.288.058.9311.2015.15
BC(μg/m31.72±0.421.68(0.54)0.431.381.611.722.112.78
NDVI0.39±0.110.38(0.13)0.030.310.360.410.470.82
日均温度(℃)22.95±3.8924.92(4.11)1.8318.0424.3925.3425.6427.15
lag 10~14 d
PM2.5(μg/m331.23±9.8027.84(11.35)7.4324.8426.7830.4037.8779.73
NH4+(μg/m33.37±1.492.86(1.66)1.022.392.623.184.3111.32
SO42-(μg/m34.85±1.674.42(1.96)1.443.684.134.755.8613.42
NO3-(μg/m35.45±2.074.70(2.20)1.213.894.425.277.1212.66
OM(μg/m39.33±2.618.44(3.31)1.957.498.099.4111.4622.25
BC(μg/m31.73±0.401.67(0.55)0.421.4 21.601.762.102.71
NDVI0.39±0.100.38(0.12)0.030.310.360.400.460.77
日均温度(℃)22.75±4.1524.87(4.28)1.8317.6324.3925.3225.6627.07
lag 70~90 d
PM2.5(μg/m342.41±15.9237.9(15.12)8.3032.4836.9839.1253.5195.96
NH4+(μg/m35.29±3.144.32(3.54)1.023.004.094.677.0416.66
SO42-(μg/m36.93±2.756.22(2.63)1.575.025.936.698.6116.02
NO3-(μg/m38.90±5.167.71(6.91)1.214.817.078.0112.3527.04
OM(μg/m311.85±3.6310.89(3.14)2.229.3910.6711.4614.3027.14
BC(μg/m32.21±0.632.10(0.58)0.451.741.992.222.554.75
NDVI0.35±0.100.34(0.12)0.050.270.320.360.420.75
日均温度(℃)18.23±6.3317.58(10.14)-1.1813.7216.6121.0124.7327.74
), ArticleFig(id=1240633255045689927, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633241212875644, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

lag 0~90 d、0~9 d、10~14 d、70~90 d的PM2.5及其化学组分、NDVI和日均温度个体暴露的分布情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
环境因素暴露M(IQR)最小值百分位数最大值
P20P40P60P80
lag 0~90 d
PM2.5(μg/m336.40±12.6033.60(11.70)8.9727.0231.3635.7042.7477.25
NH4+(μg/m34.20±2.303.44(2.00)1.282.543.123.785.1812.55
SO42-(μg/m35.80±2.205.30(2.00)1.724.164.985.676.8313.08
NO3-(μg/m37.10±3.805.78(3.40)1.554.295.256.348.8920.64
OM(μg/m310.60±2.909.98(3.10)2.308.339.4810.5712.2119.41
BC(μg/m32.00±0.501.96(0.50)0.461.611.872.042.263.48
NDVI0.36±0.080.36(0.10)0.100.300.340.380.430.74
日均温度(℃)20.79±4.6322.40(6.17)5.3516.7021.3023.3024.7925.94
lag 0~9 d
PM2.5(μg/m329.87±8.2027.10(10.70)7.6024.8026.0029.2037.2055.60
NH4+(μg/m33.18±1.192.78(1.62)1.002.202.573.154.186.97
SO42-(μg/m34.59±1.374.20(1.86)1.513.613.864.525.748.93
NO3-(μg/m35.41±2.114.80(2.44)1.263.614.335.307.1612.22
OM(μg/m39.00±2.278.38(3.06)1.977.288.058.9311.2015.15
BC(μg/m31.72±0.421.68(0.54)0.431.381.611.722.112.78
NDVI0.39±0.110.38(0.13)0.030.310.360.410.470.82
日均温度(℃)22.95±3.8924.92(4.11)1.8318.0424.3925.3425.6427.15
lag 10~14 d
PM2.5(μg/m331.23±9.8027.84(11.35)7.4324.8426.7830.4037.8779.73
NH4+(μg/m33.37±1.492.86(1.66)1.022.392.623.184.3111.32
SO42-(μg/m34.85±1.674.42(1.96)1.443.684.134.755.8613.42
NO3-(μg/m35.45±2.074.70(2.20)1.213.894.425.277.1212.66
OM(μg/m39.33±2.618.44(3.31)1.957.498.099.4111.4622.25
BC(μg/m31.73±0.401.67(0.55)0.421.4 21.601.762.102.71
NDVI0.39±0.100.38(0.12)0.030.310.360.400.460.77
日均温度(℃)22.75±4.1524.87(4.28)1.8317.6324.3925.3225.6627.07
lag 70~90 d
PM2.5(μg/m342.41±15.9237.9(15.12)8.3032.4836.9839.1253.5195.96
NH4+(μg/m35.29±3.144.32(3.54)1.023.004.094.677.0416.66
SO42-(μg/m36.93±2.756.22(2.63)1.575.025.936.698.6116.02
NO3-(μg/m38.90±5.167.71(6.91)1.214.817.078.0112.3527.04
OM(μg/m311.85±3.6310.89(3.14)2.229.3910.6711.4614.3027.14
BC(μg/m32.21±0.632.10(0.58)0.451.741.992.222.554.75
NDVI0.35±0.100.34(0.12)0.050.270.320.360.420.75
日均温度(℃)18.23±6.3317.58(10.14)-1.1813.7216.6121.0124.7327.74
), ArticleFig(id=1240633255163130450, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633241212875644, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Regression coefficients (β) and 95% CIs of semen parameters associated with PM2.5 and its chemical compositions during different lag days

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
暴露(μg/m3)IQR(μg/m3)β(95%CI)
精子总数(106a精液量(ml)a
lag 0~90 d
PM2.511.70-0.033 (-0.093~0.026)-0.007 (-0.036~0.022)
NH4+2.000.001 (-0.076~0.076)-0.004 (-0.042~0.034)
SO42-3.40-0.058 (-0.157~0.038)-0.017 (-0.065~0.031)
NO3-2.000.004 (-0.038~0.045)0.000 (-0.021~0.021)
OM3.10-0.042 (-0.098~0.015)-0.010 (-0.039~0.018)
BC0.50-0.040 (-0.088~0.007)-0.010 (-0.034~0.014)
lag 0~9 d
PM2.510.700.020(-0.020~0.060)0.020(0.000~0.040)
NH4+1.620.051(-0.002~0.103)0.024 (-0.002~0.050)
SO42-1.860.033(-0.011~0.076)0.017(-0.004~0.039)
NO3-2.440.047(0.000~0.093)0.021(-0.002~0.044)
OM3.060.007(-0.031~0.045)0.018(-0.001~0.037)
BC0.540.001(-0.033~0.035)0.015(-0.002~0.032)
lag 10~14 d
PM2.511.350.018(-0.018~0.054)0.016(-0.002~0.034)
NH4+1.660.026(-0.017~0.068)0.018(-0.003~0.039)
SO42-1.960.029(-0.009~0.067)0.016(-0.003~0.034)
NO3-2.200.041(0.002~0.080)0.018(0.000~0.035)
OM3.310.017(-0.019~0.051)0.018(0.000~0.035)
BC0.55-0.006(-0.043~0.029)0.016(-0.002~0.034)
lag 70~90 d
PM2.515.12-0.026(-0.066~0.015)-0.012(-0.032~0.007)
NH4+3.54-0.002(-0.070~0.064)-0.012(-0.045~0.020)
SO42-2.63-0.023(-0.065~0.020)-0.013(-0.034~0.008)
NO3-6.91-0.008(-0.086~0.070)-0.012(-0.050~0.025)
OM3.14-0.023(-0.052~0.005)-0.011(-0.025~0.003)
BC0.58-0.024(-0.054~0.005)-0.01(-0.025~0.004)
暴露(μg/m3)β(95%CI)
精子浓度(106/ml)a精子前向运动率(%)a精子总活力(%)a
lag 0~90 d
PM2.5-0.019 (-0.073~0.034)-0.814 (-1.869~0.225)-2.095 (-3.202~-0.998)c
NH4+0.012 (-0.057~0.080)-0.519 (-1.882~0.823)-2.366 (-3.792~-0.949)c
SO42--0.030 (-0.118~0.057)-0.534 (-2.276~1.181)-3.742 (-5.584~-1.935)d
NO3-0.008 (-0.030~0.045)-0.318 (-1.066~0.419)-1.004 (-1.789~-0.224)b
OM-0.025 (-0.077~0.026)-1.166 (-2.174~-0.171)b-1.717 (-2.773~-0.666)c
BC-0.025 (-0.068~0.018)-0.829 (-1.677~0.009)-1.652 (-2.543~-0.770)c
lag 0~9 d
PM2.50.005(-0.032~0.041)0.067(-0.653~0.777)-0.707 (-1.463~0.040)
NH4+0.032 (-0.016~0.079)0.037(-0.900~0.965)-0.812(-1.800~0.165)
SO42-0.02(-0.020~0.059)0.193(-0.582~0.961)-0.768(-1.586~0.040)
NO3-0.031(-0.012~0.073)0.049(-0.781~0.870)-0.875(-1.748~-0.010)b
OM-0.007(-0.041~0.027)-0.203(-0.877~0.462)-0.656(-1.361~0.044)
BC-0.011(-0.041~0.02)-0.086(-0.696~0.514)-0.593(-1.234~0.04)
lag 10~14 d
PM2.50.005(-0.027~0.038)0.214(-0.431~0.846)-0.382(-1.059~0.284)
NH4+0.011(-0.027~0.049)0.112(-0.645~0.856)-0.470(-1.267~0.315)
SO42-0.017(-0.017~0.051)0.455(-0.221~1.12)-0.337(-1.051~0.363)
NO3-0.033(-0.002~0.069)0.228(-0.472~0.923)-0.54(-1.280~0.193)
OM0.002(-0.030~0.033)0.174(-0.458~0.793)-0.209(-0.870~0.442)
BC-0.019(-0.052~0.013)-0.194(-0.842~0.441)-0.688(-1.368~-0.018)b
lag 70~90 d
PM2.5-0.011(-0.048~0.025)-0.475(-1.200~0.246)-0.742(-1.508~0.025)
NH4+0.011(-0.049~0.071)-0.285(-1.475~0.897)-0.654(-1.909~0.607)
SO42--0.007(-0.046~0.031)-0.244(-1.003~0.51)-0.843(-1.648~-0.043)b
NO3-0.006(-0.064~0.075)-0.689(-2.067~0.683)-0.801(-2.254~0.662)
OM-0.011(-0.037~0.015)-0.365(-0.877~0.143)-0.396(-0.936~0.145)
BC-0.012(-0.038~0.014)-0.269(-0.789~0.247)-0.483(-1.033~0.066)
), ArticleFig(id=1240633255255405145, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633241212875644, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同精子发育周期PM2.5及其化学组分暴露与精液参数间的关联

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
暴露(μg/m3)IQR(μg/m3)β(95%CI)
精子总数(106a精液量(ml)a
lag 0~90 d
PM2.511.70-0.033 (-0.093~0.026)-0.007 (-0.036~0.022)
NH4+2.000.001 (-0.076~0.076)-0.004 (-0.042~0.034)
SO42-3.40-0.058 (-0.157~0.038)-0.017 (-0.065~0.031)
NO3-2.000.004 (-0.038~0.045)0.000 (-0.021~0.021)
OM3.10-0.042 (-0.098~0.015)-0.010 (-0.039~0.018)
BC0.50-0.040 (-0.088~0.007)-0.010 (-0.034~0.014)
lag 0~9 d
PM2.510.700.020(-0.020~0.060)0.020(0.000~0.040)
NH4+1.620.051(-0.002~0.103)0.024 (-0.002~0.050)
SO42-1.860.033(-0.011~0.076)0.017(-0.004~0.039)
NO3-2.440.047(0.000~0.093)0.021(-0.002~0.044)
OM3.060.007(-0.031~0.045)0.018(-0.001~0.037)
BC0.540.001(-0.033~0.035)0.015(-0.002~0.032)
lag 10~14 d
PM2.511.350.018(-0.018~0.054)0.016(-0.002~0.034)
NH4+1.660.026(-0.017~0.068)0.018(-0.003~0.039)
SO42-1.960.029(-0.009~0.067)0.016(-0.003~0.034)
NO3-2.200.041(0.002~0.080)0.018(0.000~0.035)
OM3.310.017(-0.019~0.051)0.018(0.000~0.035)
BC0.55-0.006(-0.043~0.029)0.016(-0.002~0.034)
lag 70~90 d
PM2.515.12-0.026(-0.066~0.015)-0.012(-0.032~0.007)
NH4+3.54-0.002(-0.070~0.064)-0.012(-0.045~0.020)
SO42-2.63-0.023(-0.065~0.020)-0.013(-0.034~0.008)
NO3-6.91-0.008(-0.086~0.070)-0.012(-0.050~0.025)
OM3.14-0.023(-0.052~0.005)-0.011(-0.025~0.003)
BC0.58-0.024(-0.054~0.005)-0.01(-0.025~0.004)
暴露(μg/m3)β(95%CI)
精子浓度(106/ml)a精子前向运动率(%)a精子总活力(%)a
lag 0~90 d
PM2.5-0.019 (-0.073~0.034)-0.814 (-1.869~0.225)-2.095 (-3.202~-0.998)c
NH4+0.012 (-0.057~0.080)-0.519 (-1.882~0.823)-2.366 (-3.792~-0.949)c
SO42--0.030 (-0.118~0.057)-0.534 (-2.276~1.181)-3.742 (-5.584~-1.935)d
NO3-0.008 (-0.030~0.045)-0.318 (-1.066~0.419)-1.004 (-1.789~-0.224)b
OM-0.025 (-0.077~0.026)-1.166 (-2.174~-0.171)b-1.717 (-2.773~-0.666)c
BC-0.025 (-0.068~0.018)-0.829 (-1.677~0.009)-1.652 (-2.543~-0.770)c
lag 0~9 d
PM2.50.005(-0.032~0.041)0.067(-0.653~0.777)-0.707 (-1.463~0.040)
NH4+0.032 (-0.016~0.079)0.037(-0.900~0.965)-0.812(-1.800~0.165)
SO42-0.02(-0.020~0.059)0.193(-0.582~0.961)-0.768(-1.586~0.040)
NO3-0.031(-0.012~0.073)0.049(-0.781~0.870)-0.875(-1.748~-0.010)b
OM-0.007(-0.041~0.027)-0.203(-0.877~0.462)-0.656(-1.361~0.044)
BC-0.011(-0.041~0.02)-0.086(-0.696~0.514)-0.593(-1.234~0.04)
lag 10~14 d
PM2.50.005(-0.027~0.038)0.214(-0.431~0.846)-0.382(-1.059~0.284)
NH4+0.011(-0.027~0.049)0.112(-0.645~0.856)-0.470(-1.267~0.315)
SO42-0.017(-0.017~0.051)0.455(-0.221~1.12)-0.337(-1.051~0.363)
NO3-0.033(-0.002~0.069)0.228(-0.472~0.923)-0.54(-1.280~0.193)
OM0.002(-0.030~0.033)0.174(-0.458~0.793)-0.209(-0.870~0.442)
BC-0.019(-0.052~0.013)-0.194(-0.842~0.441)-0.688(-1.368~-0.018)b
lag 70~90 d
PM2.5-0.011(-0.048~0.025)-0.475(-1.200~0.246)-0.742(-1.508~0.025)
NH4+0.011(-0.049~0.071)-0.285(-1.475~0.897)-0.654(-1.909~0.607)
SO42--0.007(-0.046~0.031)-0.244(-1.003~0.51)-0.843(-1.648~-0.043)b
NO3-0.006(-0.064~0.075)-0.689(-2.067~0.683)-0.801(-2.254~0.662)
OM-0.011(-0.037~0.015)-0.365(-0.877~0.143)-0.396(-0.936~0.145)
BC-0.012(-0.038~0.014)-0.269(-0.789~0.247)-0.483(-1.033~0.066)
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大气细颗粒物化学组分与精液质量的关联性研究
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符乐瑶 1 , 杨婷婷 2 , 李福平 2 , 田润 1 , 张璐 1 , 宋贵双 1 , 廖俊豪 1 , 曾思漩 1 , 于川 1 , 肖成汉 1 , 刘振谧 1
现代预防医学 | 环境与职业卫生 2024,51(10): 1766-1774
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现代预防医学 | 环境与职业卫生 2024, 51(10): 1766-1774
大气细颗粒物化学组分与精液质量的关联性研究
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符乐瑶1, 杨婷婷2, 李福平2, 田润1, 张璐1, 宋贵双1, 廖俊豪1, 曾思漩1, 于川1, 肖成汉1, 刘振谧1
作者信息
  • 1.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院,四川 成都 610041
  • 2. 四川大学华西第二医院人类精子库/男科实验室
  • 符乐瑶(2000—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:男性生殖健康及儿少妇幼健康

通讯作者:

刘振谧,E-mail:
Associations between ambient fine particulate matter chemical composition and semen quality
Le-yao FU1, Ting-ting YANG2, Fu-ping LI2, Run TIAN1, Lu ZHANG1, Gui-shuang SONG1, Jun-hao LIAO1, Si-xuan ZENG1, Chuan YU1, Cheng-han XIAO1, Zhen-mi LIU1
Affiliations
  • West China School of Public Health / West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
出版时间: 2024-05-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202309458
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目的

探讨PM2.5化学组分暴露和精液质量间的关联。

方法

本研究招募1 105名于2019年10月到2021年12月在四川省人类精子库进行精液检查并居住在四川省的捐精志愿者为研究对象,通过研究对象居住地址的经纬度提取采精前0~90天、0~9天、10~14天、70~90天的PM2.5及其化学组分暴露。采用Spearman秩相关分析评估PM2.5与其化学组分间的相关性。采用线性混合效应模型分析PM2.5化学组分暴露与精液质量参数间的关系。

结果

PM2.5与其化学组分间高度正相关。PM2.5、NH4+、SO42-、NO3-、有机物(OM)和黑碳(BC)暴露均与精子总活力降低显著相关(P<0.05)。OM暴露与精子前向运动率降低显著相关(P<0.05),OM每增加一个四分位数间距(3.1 μg/m3),精子前向运动率的平均值变化-1.166(95%CI: -2.174~-0.171)。

结论

PM2.5及其化学组分是精子总活力下降的危险因素。

PM2.5  /  精液质量  /  PM2.5化学组分  /  空气污染
Objective

To examine the association between exposure to ambient PM2.5 chemical components and semen quality in Southwest China.

Methods

We conducted a longitudinal study to investigate 1 105 sperm donors who lived in Sichuan Province, China and underwent semen examination in Sichuan Province human sperm bank from October 2019 to December 2021. Exposure to ambient PM2.5 and its chemical components in lag 0-90 d, lag 0-9 d, lag 10-14 d and lag 70-90 d were assessed by extracting monthly PM2.5 and its chemical components values from a few validated grid datasets at each subject’s residential address. Spearman rank correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between PM2.5 and its chemical components. A linear mixed-effects model was used to analyze the relationship between exposure to PM2.5 chemical components and semen quality parameters.

Results

PM2.5 is highly positively correlated with its chemical components. PM2.5, NH4+, SO42-, NO3-, OM, and BC exposures were significantly associated with decreased total motility (P<0.05). OM exposure was significantly associated with decreased in sperm progressive motility (P<0.05), and the mean change in sperm progressive motility was -1.166 (95%CI: -2.174 - -0.171) for per IQR (3.1 μg/m3) increase in OM.

Conclusion

PM2.5 and its chemical components are risk factors for sperm total motility.

PM2.5  /  Semen quality  /  PM2.5 chemical composition  /  Air pollution
符乐瑶, 杨婷婷, 李福平, 田润, 张璐, 宋贵双, 廖俊豪, 曾思漩, 于川, 肖成汉, 刘振谧. 大气细颗粒物化学组分与精液质量的关联性研究. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (10) : 1766 -1774 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202309458
Le-yao FU, Ting-ting YANG, Fu-ping LI, Run TIAN, Lu ZHANG, Gui-shuang SONG, Jun-hao LIAO, Si-xuan ZENG, Chuan YU, Cheng-han XIAO, Zhen-mi LIU. Associations between ambient fine particulate matter chemical composition and semen quality[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (10) : 1766 -1774 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202309458
不孕不育的定义为育龄夫妇未采取任何避孕措施正常性生活达12个月及以上而未受孕[1]。不孕不育症影响着全球约15%的育龄夫妇[2]。我国不孕不育的发病率为7%~10%,且逐年升高。在导致不孕不育的诸多危险因素中,男性因素尤其是精液质量异常占不孕不育病例的20%~70%[3]。目前普遍认为精液质量下降是遗传和环境因素共同作用的结果[4]。越来越多的证据表明,吸烟[5]、饮酒[6]、肥胖[7]和环境污染物[8]等因素与精子数量、活力和正常形态的减少有关。
室外大气污染是环境污染物的一种,随着城镇化和工业化进程加速,室外大气污染及其对男性生殖健康的影响成为备受关注的公共卫生问题。其中PM2.5由于其直径小,比表面积大,容易进入下呼吸道和全身血液循环的特性,通常对男性生殖健康的影响更大[9-10]。迄今为止,已有一些流行病学研究表明PM2.5暴露与精液质量参数间存在关联[11-17],但是不同研究人群、研究设计间的结果并不一致,这可能与以往研究中不同地区的PM2.5的化学组分存在差异有关。目前仅有的4篇研究探讨PM2.5化学组分暴露与精液质量参数间的关联[16-19],但是未考虑调整其它空间环境暴露如环境温度和住宅绿地面积等关键的混杂因素,并且其使用的监测站数据,无法考虑个体暴露评估中的空间变异,易造成暴露误分类,导致其研究结果并不一致。此外,人类的生精周期约为90天。其中包括3个关键阶段:射精前0~9天的精子附睾存储期,射精前10~14天的精子成熟期,射精前70~90天的精原细胞产生期[20]。因此,识别暴露因素的敏感窗口期对生殖健康危险因素干预措施的制定也尤为重要。
因此,本研究选取2019年10月— 2021年12月在四川省精子库进行精液检查并居住在四川省的捐精志愿者作为研究对象,使用兼顾大气遥感数据和地面监测数据并利用大气化学模式模拟获取的具有高时空分辨率的PM2.5及其化学组分栅格数据,探讨PM2.5及其化学组分暴露和男性精液质量间的关联,为确定精液质量下降的原因及相关政策制定提供更加可靠的依据。
本研究招募2019年10月—2021年12月在四川省人类精子库进行精液检查的捐精志愿者为研究对象。所有研究对象至少进行一次精液检查。纳入标准如下:年龄为18~50岁男性、禁欲天数为3~7天。排除标准如下:采精前90天内有搬家史、居住地址在四川省外、精液检查结果或问卷信息缺失、存在生殖系统溃疡等相关生殖系统疾病及疾病史、无精症及少精症患者等。本研究最终纳入来自1 105名志愿者的3 355例精液样本,见图1,其中447名志愿者仅进行1次精液检查,余下志愿者分别进行2~9次精液检查。所有研究对象均完成调查问卷并签署知情同意书。本研究获得四川大学伦理委员会的伦理批准(伦理委员会批件号:2019076)。
本研究采用自行设计的电子调查问卷收集研究对象的基本信息,问卷内容包括:(1)一般人口学资料:包括年龄、民族、教育程度、生育状况、身高、体重、近90天内居住地址等;(2)生活行为方式:包括吸烟状况、饮酒状况、禁欲天数、体力活动等。研究人员通过问卷星平台进行问卷的发放和收集。
研究对象在问卷调查当天进入精液采集室并通过手淫的方式收集精液样本至无菌塑料标本容器中。精液标本在37℃恒温水浴箱内进行液化,待样本完全液化后,立刻使用计算机辅助精液分析设备(Computer Assisted Semen Analysis, CASA)对精液样本进行分析,检测指标包括精子总数、精子浓度、精液量、精子前向运动率和精子总活力。采用微量移液器测量精液量。采用A类(快速进行性运动精子)、B类(缓慢的进行性运动精子)、C类(非进行性运动精子)、D类(不动精子)对精子活动率进行评分。精子前向运动率等于(A类+B类),精子总活力等于(A类+B类+C类)。精子总数等于(精子浓度×精液量)。本研究中的所有操作方法及检测指标定义均符合第5版《WHO人类精液检查与处理实验室手册》[21]。捐精志愿者精液质量合格的判断标准分别为:精液液化时间少于60 min,精液量大于2 ml,密度大于60×106/ml,存活率大于60%,其中前向运动精子大于60%,精子正常形态率大于30%。本研究中捐精志愿者的精液质量合格率为62.7%(2 102/3 355)。
PM2.5及其化学组分的月均浓度栅格数据来自清华大学等多个机构共同开发的中国大气成分近实时追踪数据集(Tracking Air Pollution in China, TAP, http://tapdata.org.cn/)的PM2.5及其化学组分10 km数据产品(分辨率10 km×10 km),包括硫酸盐(SO42-)、硝酸盐(NO3-)、铵盐(NH4+)、有机物(OM)和黑碳(BC)共5种组分[22-23]。该数据集在国内流行病学研究中已有应用[20]。逐月平均归一化植被指数(Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, NDVI)是植被生长状态及植被覆盖度的最佳指示因子,在流行病学研究中被广泛用作环境绿化程度的评价指标[24]。NDVI数据源自美国国家航空航天局(NASA)定期发布的MODIS数据集(https://search.earthdata.nasa.gov/search)下的MOD13A3数据产品(分辨率为1 km×1 km)。逐月平均气温栅格数据来自欧盟及欧洲中期天气预报中心等组织发布的ERAF5-Land数据集(https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/cdsapp#!/dataset/reanalysis-era5-land-monthly-means?tab=overview)中的2 m空气温度数据(分辨率为0.1°×0.1°)。
所有研究对象的居住地址由百度地图API(http://lbsyun.baidu.com/)进行编码并转换为经纬度。本研究中依据研究对象居住地址的经纬度和精液检测数据中得到的采样时间通过R包 (raster 3.6-14 和 lubridate1.9.1)运用双线性插值法提取采精前(lag)0~90 d、0~9 d、10~14 d、70~90 d研究对象的PM2.5及其化学组分、NDVI、日均温度的个体暴露水平。据此得到的环境暴露个体水平数据再依据志愿者编码与问卷调查和精液分析数据相匹配。
本研究的统计分析均使用R语言4.2.2版进行处理。符合正态分布的定量资料采用进行描述;不符合正态分布的定量资料采用中位数和四分位数间距[ MIQR)]进行描述;定性资料采用例数(百分比)[ n(%)]进行描述。采用Spearman秩相关分析评估PM2.5与其化学组分间的相关性。
既往研究表明PM2.5及其化学组分和精液质量间存在线性关联[16],由于精液质量参数为重复测量资料,采用线性混合效应模型探讨PM2.5及其化学组分和精液质量的关联,纳入研究对象作为模型的随机截距项。因为精液量、精子浓度、精子总数呈右偏态分布,所以通过对其进行对数转换使其呈正态分布。依据既往研究,模型调整民族、年龄、体质指数(Body Mass Index, BMI)、教育程度、吸烟情况、饮酒情况、体力活动、暴露期间的日均温度和归一化植被指数。民族分为汉族和其他少数民族两类;年龄作为连续性变量纳入模型;BMI的计算方法为体重(kg)/[身高(m)]2,并将其划分为偏瘦(<18.5 kg/m2)、正常(18.5~23.9 kg/m2)、超重(24.0~27.9 kg/m2)、肥胖(≥28.0 kg/m2);教育程度分为高中/职中、大专/本科、硕士及以上;吸烟情况分为吸烟和从不吸烟;饮酒情况分为饮酒和从不饮酒;体力活动水平是根据国际体力活动问卷(International Physical Activity Questionnaire, IPAQ)短卷的测量划分为高等强度、中等强度、低等强度3组;暴露期间的日均温度和归一化植被指数都作为连续性变量纳入模型,采用限制性立方样条函数对日均温度进行拟合(knot=3),控制日均温度的季节趋势等非线性关系带来的混杂偏倚。模型结果以回归系数β和95%置信区间(Confidence Interval, CI)和对应的P值表示,代表暴露每增加一个四分位间距(Interquartile range, IQR)随之每个精液参数平均值的变化,多组比较的P值采用FDR法进行校正。所有统计检验均为双侧,检验水准α=0.05。
研究对象的基本特征见表1。研究对象年龄的中位数为24.00(21.00, 28.00)岁,在20~44岁之间,呈偏态分布;教育程度在大专/本科的人最多(80.2%);绝大部分研究对象为汉族(95.5%);BMI正常的人数最多(73.1%),超重和肥胖的人数分别占20.1%和3.1%,偏瘦的人数仅为3.7%;大多数研究对象从不饮酒(62.4%);从不吸烟的人数远多于吸烟人数(80.7% vs 19.3%);每周静坐及进行低等强度运动的人最少(9.3%);禁欲天数达7天的人仅有6.1%。
研究对象的精液参数的分布情况见表2。精子总数、精液量、精子浓度、精子前向运动率、精子总活力的中位数分别为445.60×106、3.89 ml、119.70×106 /ml、66.93%、72.34%。lag 0~90 d、0~9 d、10~14 d、70~90 d的环境暴露因素的分布情况见表3。PM2.5个体暴露的平均浓度为(36.40±12.60) μg/m3,远高于世界卫生组织(World Health Organization, WHO)推荐的PM2.5标准浓度5 μg/m3。SO42-、NO3-、NH4+、OM和BC的个体暴露浓度中位数分别为5.3 μg/m3、5.8 μg/m3、3.4 μg/m3、10.0 μg/m3、2.0 μg/m3。Spearman秩相关分析的结果表明PM2.5及其化学组分间具有高度正向相关性(P<0.05)。此外,PM2.5及其化学组分与环境温度暴露、居住地绿地暴露之间呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。环境温度暴露与居住地绿化之间则呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。详见图2
表4是调整民族、年龄、BMI、教育程度、吸烟情况、饮酒情况、体力活动、暴露期间的日均温度和NDVI等混杂因素后的线性混合效应模型分析结果。结果显示,精子总活力与lag 0~90 d期间的PM2.5、NH4+、SO42-、NO3-、OM和BC暴露之间均存在负向关联,经过FDR校正后,精子总活力与PM2.5、NH4+、SO42-、NO3-、OM和BC之间的关联仍然具有统计学显著性(P<0.05)。精子前向运动率与lag 0~90 d期间的OM暴露之间存在具有统计学显著性的负向关联,OM每增加一个IQR(3.1 μg/m3),精子前向运动率的平均值变化-1.166(95%CI: -2.174~-0.171, P<0.05);而PM2.5、NH4+、SO42-、NO3-和BC暴露与精子前向运动率之间均存在负相关,但关联无统计学显著性(P>0.05)。精子浓度、精子总数和lag 0~90 d期间的PM2.5、SO42-、OM、BC暴露存在负相关,但关联无统计学显著性(P>0.05)。精液量与lag 0~90 d的PM2.5、NH4+、SO42-、OM、BC暴露呈负相关,但关联无统计学显著性(P>0.05)。
此外,本研究还发现在lag 0~9 d期间,NO3-暴露也与精子总活力呈显著负相关,提示精子附睾存储期可能是NO3-暴露的敏感窗口期。而在lag 10~14 d期间,BC暴露与精子总活力呈显著负相关,提示精子成熟期可能是BC暴露的敏感窗口期。在lag 70~90 d期间,SO42-暴露与精子总活力间呈显著负相关,提示精原细胞产生期可能是SO42-暴露的敏感窗口期。
本研究纳入2019年至2021年期间于四川省人类精子库进行精液检查的捐精志愿者作为研究对象,采用线性混合效应模型调查分析精子发育不同时期的PM2.5及其化学组分暴露浓度对精液质量参数的影响。研究结果表明,在lag 0~90 d内,PM2.5及其各化学组分暴露均与精子总活力呈显著负向关联。OM和BC暴露与精子前向运动率间存在显著负向关联,然而,精子前向运动率与PM2.5、NH4+、SO42-和NO3-暴露之间虽然存在负向关联,但并未观察到统计学显著性。SO42-暴露与精子总数、精子浓度间存在显著负相关趋势。此外,本研究还发现精子附睾存储期、精子成熟期、精原细胞产生期可能分别是NO3-、B、SO42-暴露的敏感窗口期。
本研究结果表明PM2.5暴露与精子总活力之间存在显著负向关联。精子运动参数是男性生育力毒性评价的敏感生物标志物[25]。既往研究发现,精子活力降低会导致男性不育[26]。然而,PM2.5暴露与精子总活力下降之间关联的生物学机制尚未得到充分阐释。毒理学证据表明,PM2.5暴露能够通过调节抗氧化能力或活性氧的产生使得机体氧化应激增加[27],进而导致系统性炎症和细胞损伤[28]。PM2.5中的多环芳烃等有机化合物能够透过血脑屏障,诱导下丘脑产生炎症并使得下丘脑中TNFα和IL1b mRNA的表达增加,进而通过下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴抑制促性腺激素释放激素mRNA的表达,从而影响精子的产生[29]
PM2.5化学组分主要由重金属、水溶性离子、有机物和黑碳等组成[30],本研究主要探讨了水溶性离子(NH4+、SO42-、NO3-)、OM、BC与精液质量参数间的关系。一项在中国武汉的辅助生殖技术人群中开展的研究发现精子浓度与NH4+、SO42-暴露虽呈负相关,但关联不存在统计学显著性[16]。这与本研究结果存在不一致,这可能与该研究中使用地面监测站评估PM2.5化学组分暴露,且并未考虑体力活动等混杂因素有关。类似地,Wu等人[17]使用广东省人类精子库的数据采用分位数回归的方法进行分析,探讨从监测站数据的研究结果显示精子总活力与SO42-暴露呈负相关。这与本研究结果一致,但该研究也并未考虑体力活动等生活方式对PM2.5化学组分暴露与精液质量参数间的关系的影响。
既往已有动物实验研究将PM2.5及其化学组分暴露与神经炎症反应、氧化应激等联系在一起,为PM2.5及其化学组分暴露在生物学机制上影响精液质量参数提供可能的毒理学证据[31-32]。在四川地区,BC 主要来源于机动车交通、居民生物燃料燃烧和工业排放中的不完全燃烧。一项研究表明,环境中的BC穿透肺组织进入血液循环后,可通过诱导炎症介质、氧化应激来产生毒性作用[33]。OM主要由燃料排放和包括生物源挥发性有机物在内的二次反应产生。基于动物和人体的研究表明,进入血液循环后的OM可诱导氧化应激、血管炎症反应以及其他涉及凝血和血栓形成的生理过程[34-35]。NH4+、SO42-和NO3-主要由工业燃煤、火电厂和机动车尾气排放的前体污染物(即SO2和NOx)经光化学转化产生。早期的研究已经观察到NH4+、SO42-和NO3-与系统性炎症的升高密切相关[36]。因此,PM2.5化学组分暴露可通过直接诱导炎症反应或通过氧化应激间接激活炎症细胞,进而干扰内环境稳态,从而通过下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴来影响精液质量参数。
本研究存在一定的局限性。首先,虽然本研究在分析时对多种混杂因素进行了调整,但是仍存在潜在混杂偏倚,如饮食、睡眠等。其次,本研究使用分辨率10 km的PM2.5及其化学组分数据对个体暴露水平进行评估,会导致研究对象个体暴露水平数据的聚集性过高,后续研究可以采用分辨精度更高的PM2.5及其化学组分数据进行个体暴露水平评估。最后,本研究使用的是四川省人群数据,具有区域局限性,结果可能不具有外推性,未来需要在其他地区开展类似研究以更好地阐释PM2.5及其化学组分与精液质量参数的关系。
本研究结果表明精子发育周期内PM2.5及其化学组分暴露是精子总活力下降的危险因素。PM2.5中由化石燃料燃烧排放产生的化学组分(NH4+、SO42-、NO3-、OM和BC)与此关联尤为相关。因此,建议相关部门采取针对措施控制化石燃料燃烧排放这一过程,以降低PM浓度,减轻空气污染,保护群众健康,改善居民生活质量。
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202309458
  • 接收时间:2023-09-25
  • 首发时间:2026-03-17
  • 出版时间:2024-05-25
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  • 收稿日期:2023-09-25
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    1.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院,四川 成都 610041
    2. 四川大学华西第二医院人类精子库/男科实验室

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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total species (%)

Genus
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species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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