Article(id=1240633239581283155, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240633237542851387, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202403174, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1710086400000, receivedDateStr=2024-03-11, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773719614166, onlineDateStr=2026-03-17, pubDate=1716566400000, pubDateStr=2024-05-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773719614166, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773719614166, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773719614166, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240633237542851387, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='10', pageStart='1729', pageEnd='1920', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773719613680, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773720039302, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1240635022806405370, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240633237542851387, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1240635022806405371, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240633237542851387, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1833, endPage=1838, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240633242391466920, articleId=1240633239581283155, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Referral willingness and influencing factors of chronic disease patients from the perspective of Universal Health Coverage: A case study of Sichuan, China, columnId=1228016567846367388, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Health Policy and Management, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To offer insights for enhancing the hierarchical medical system and guiding patient healthcare-seeking behaviors systematically, this study analyzes referral willingness and influencing factors of tertiary public hospitals and primary healthcare institutionsamong chronic disease patients in Sichuan Province.

Methods

A questionnaire survey was conducted on 297 chronic disease patients. Descriptive statistical analysis of the data was performed using SPSS 26.0 software. Chi-square tests were employed to analyze the downward referral willingness of chronic disease patients from tertiary public hospitals and the upward referral willingness to primary healthcare institutions.

Results

Patients in large public hospitals showed low downward referral willingness (44.2%). Rural residence, prior medical consortium services, and greater distance from tertiary hospitals increased willingness. Primary healthcare patients exhibited a 28.1% upward referral willingness, influenced by occupation, age, and use of outpatient special disease policy services.

Conclusion

Referral willingness is generally weak in large public hospitals and primary healthcare institutions. Enhancing the comprehensive capacity of primary healthcare institutions, strengthening collaborative mechanisms and the level of medical services within medical consortia, along with expanding reimbursement policies for chronic diseases, contributes to promoting bidirectional patient referrals and advancing the formation of a tiered diagnosis and treatment system.

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目的

本研究旨在分析三级公立医院和基层医疗机构慢病患者的转诊意愿及影响因素,以四川省为例开展调查,为全面推进分级诊疗制度建设、引导有序患者就医格局提供决策依据。

方法

对297名慢病患者进行问卷调查,使用SPSS 26.0软件对数据进行描述性统计分析,采用卡方检验对三级公立医院慢病患者的下转意愿和基层医疗机构的上转意愿进行分析。

结果

三级公立医院患者的下转诊意愿较低,仅有44.2%的患者在病情稳定后愿意向下转诊;患者居住地为农村地区、获得过医联体服务、居住地与三级医院距离更远的患者更愿意向下转诊。28.1%的基层慢病患者愿意向上转诊;基层慢病患者的职业、年龄、是否利用门诊特殊病政策服务是其向上转诊意愿的影响因素。

结论

三级公立医院和基层慢病患者的转诊意愿普遍不强。提升基层医疗机构综合能力,加强医联体内协作机制和医疗服务水平,同时扩大针对慢性病的报销政策,有助于促进患者的双向转诊,推动分级诊疗局面的形成。

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张雨萌,E-mail:
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海雪莲(1998—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:卫生政策与管理

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Facilitators and barriers to referral of chronic disease patients from tertiary public hospitals

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目例数构成比(%)
阻碍因素
治疗费更高11.1
基层机构距离较远,交通不便66.6
不信任基层医疗机构的医疗条件和技术6167.0
基层机构药品种类不齐全2224.2
基层机构检查项目不全面2729.7
基层机构医保报销问题77.7
基层医疗机构服务质量较大医院更差3235.2
转诊过程浪费时间,耽误病情5358.2
其他1112.1
促进因素
治疗费用更低4461.1
基层机构距离较近,交通便捷5779.2
信任基层医生医疗条件和技能2331.9
基层机构药品齐全1723.6
基层机构满足检查项目需求2433.3
基层机构医保报销便捷1520.8
基层医疗机的服务质量、服务模式更好1013.9
其他68.3
), ArticleFig(id=1240633246606741593, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633239581283155, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

三级公立医院慢病患者向下转诊的促进因素和阻碍因素

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目例数构成比(%)
阻碍因素
治疗费更高11.1
基层机构距离较远,交通不便66.6
不信任基层医疗机构的医疗条件和技术6167.0
基层机构药品种类不齐全2224.2
基层机构检查项目不全面2729.7
基层机构医保报销问题77.7
基层医疗机构服务质量较大医院更差3235.2
转诊过程浪费时间,耽误病情5358.2
其他1112.1
促进因素
治疗费用更低4461.1
基层机构距离较近,交通便捷5779.2
信任基层医生医疗条件和技能2331.9
基层机构药品齐全1723.6
基层机构满足检查项目需求2433.3
基层机构医保报销便捷1520.8
基层医疗机的服务质量、服务模式更好1013.9
其他68.3
), ArticleFig(id=1240633246707404900, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633239581283155, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Factors influencing referral willingness of chronic disease patients from tertiary public hospitals

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素变量愿意(%)不愿意(%)χ2P
性别34(43.0)45(57.0)0.0800.777
38(45.2)46(54.8)
受教育程度初中及以下35(46.1)41(53.9)2.4840.478
高中或中专18(43.9)23(56.1)
大专或本科19(44.2)24(55.8)
研究生及以上0(0.0)3(3.3)
居住地城市地区43(38.4)69(61.6)4.8480.028
农村地区29(56.9)22(43.1)
年收入(元)≤35 00029(49.2)30(50.8)8.0730.152
35 001~65 00024(53.3)21(46.7)
65 001~130 00014(31.8)30(68.2)
>130 0005(33.3)10(66.7)
每年实际卫生支出(元)≤36 0006(46.2)7(53.8)6.4270.169
3 601~6 00013(56.5)10(43.5)
6 001~9 60013(56.5)10(43.5)
9 601~12 00017(48.6)18(51.4)
>12 00023(33.3)46(66.7)
是否获得过医联体(医共体)服务24(66.7)12(33.3)9.4810.002
48(37.8)79(62.2)
是否享受过门诊特殊及慢病报销政策32(50.0)32(50.0)1.4510.228
40(40.4)59(59.6)
与最近的三级医院距离步行即可到达(5分钟车程以内)3(30.0)7(70.0)8.9800.030
需要乘车,但是耗时不长(20分钟车程以内)16(29.6)38(70.4)
需要乘车,且耗时较长(至少需要20分钟车程)26(54.2)22(45.8)
非常远(1小时车程以上)27(52.9)24(47.1)
不知道0(0.0)0(0.0)
与最近的基层医疗机构距离步行即可到达(5分钟车程以内)25(39.1)39(60.9)4.2300.238
需要乘车,但是耗时不长(20分钟车程以内)38(46.3)44(53.7)
), ArticleFig(id=1240633246812262508, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633239581283155, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

三级公立医院慢病患者下转意愿影响因素

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素变量愿意(%)不愿意(%)χ2P
性别34(43.0)45(57.0)0.0800.777
38(45.2)46(54.8)
受教育程度初中及以下35(46.1)41(53.9)2.4840.478
高中或中专18(43.9)23(56.1)
大专或本科19(44.2)24(55.8)
研究生及以上0(0.0)3(3.3)
居住地城市地区43(38.4)69(61.6)4.8480.028
农村地区29(56.9)22(43.1)
年收入(元)≤35 00029(49.2)30(50.8)8.0730.152
35 001~65 00024(53.3)21(46.7)
65 001~130 00014(31.8)30(68.2)
>130 0005(33.3)10(66.7)
每年实际卫生支出(元)≤36 0006(46.2)7(53.8)6.4270.169
3 601~6 00013(56.5)10(43.5)
6 001~9 60013(56.5)10(43.5)
9 601~12 00017(48.6)18(51.4)
>12 00023(33.3)46(66.7)
是否获得过医联体(医共体)服务24(66.7)12(33.3)9.4810.002
48(37.8)79(62.2)
是否享受过门诊特殊及慢病报销政策32(50.0)32(50.0)1.4510.228
40(40.4)59(59.6)
与最近的三级医院距离步行即可到达(5分钟车程以内)3(30.0)7(70.0)8.9800.030
需要乘车,但是耗时不长(20分钟车程以内)16(29.6)38(70.4)
需要乘车,且耗时较长(至少需要20分钟车程)26(54.2)22(45.8)
非常远(1小时车程以上)27(52.9)24(47.1)
不知道0(0.0)0(0.0)
与最近的基层医疗机构距离步行即可到达(5分钟车程以内)25(39.1)39(60.9)4.2300.238
需要乘车,但是耗时不长(20分钟车程以内)38(46.3)44(53.7)
), ArticleFig(id=1240633246925508728, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633239581283155, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Factors influencing referral willingness of chronic disease patients from primary healthcare institutions

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素变量愿意(%)不愿意(%)χ2P
性别18(14.9)33(27.3)2.2590.133
16(13.2)54(44.6)
受教育程度初中及以下8(6.6)30(24.8)4.6810.197
高中或中专9(7.4)27(22.3)
大专或本科16(13.2)30(24.8)
研究生及以上1(0.8)0(0.0)
年龄(岁)≤403(2.5)0(0.0)12.1200.007
41~608(6.6)9(7.4)
61~8018(14.9)61(50.4)
>805(4.1)17(14.1)
职业政府及事业单位人员3(2.5)0(0.0)10.7650.029
企业职员1(0.8)1(0.8)
自由工作者3(2.5)4(3.3)
退休人员27(22.3)78(64.5)
其他0(0.0)4(3.3)
年收入(元)≤35 00012(9.9)25(20.7)5.9130.116
35 001~65 0009(7.4)41(33.9)
65 001~130 00011(9.1)20(16.5)
>130 0002(1.7)1(0.8)
每年实际卫生支出(元)≤3 60013(10.7)40(33.1)0.9180.922
3 601~6 0008(6.6)19(15.7)
6 001~9 6005(4.1)11(9.1)
9 601~12 0002(1.7)6(5.0)
>12 0006(4.9)11(9.1)
是否获得过医联体(医共体)服务14(36.8)24(63.2)2.0960.148
20(24.1)63(75.9)
是否利用家庭医生服务25(24.8)76(75.2)3.3880.066
9(45.0)11(55.0)
是否使用过门诊特殊服务13(41.9)18(58.1)3.9490.047
21(23.3)69(76.7)
), ArticleFig(id=1240633247072309377, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240633239581283155, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

基层医疗机构慢病患者上转意愿影响因素

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素变量愿意(%)不愿意(%)χ2P
性别18(14.9)33(27.3)2.2590.133
16(13.2)54(44.6)
受教育程度初中及以下8(6.6)30(24.8)4.6810.197
高中或中专9(7.4)27(22.3)
大专或本科16(13.2)30(24.8)
研究生及以上1(0.8)0(0.0)
年龄(岁)≤403(2.5)0(0.0)12.1200.007
41~608(6.6)9(7.4)
61~8018(14.9)61(50.4)
>805(4.1)17(14.1)
职业政府及事业单位人员3(2.5)0(0.0)10.7650.029
企业职员1(0.8)1(0.8)
自由工作者3(2.5)4(3.3)
退休人员27(22.3)78(64.5)
其他0(0.0)4(3.3)
年收入(元)≤35 00012(9.9)25(20.7)5.9130.116
35 001~65 0009(7.4)41(33.9)
65 001~130 00011(9.1)20(16.5)
>130 0002(1.7)1(0.8)
每年实际卫生支出(元)≤3 60013(10.7)40(33.1)0.9180.922
3 601~6 0008(6.6)19(15.7)
6 001~9 6005(4.1)11(9.1)
9 601~12 0002(1.7)6(5.0)
>12 0006(4.9)11(9.1)
是否获得过医联体(医共体)服务14(36.8)24(63.2)2.0960.148
20(24.1)63(75.9)
是否利用家庭医生服务25(24.8)76(75.2)3.3880.066
9(45.0)11(55.0)
是否使用过门诊特殊服务13(41.9)18(58.1)3.9490.047
21(23.3)69(76.7)
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全民健康覆盖视角下慢病患者转诊意愿及影响因素研究——以四川省为例
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海雪莲 1, 2 , 张雨萌 1, 2 , 潘杰 1, 2
现代预防医学 | 卫生政策与管理 2024,51(10): 1833-1838
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现代预防医学 | 卫生政策与管理 2024, 51(10): 1833-1838
全民健康覆盖视角下慢病患者转诊意愿及影响因素研究——以四川省为例
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海雪莲1, 2, 张雨萌1, 2 , 潘杰1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院,四川 成都 610041
  • 2.四川大学健康城市发展研究中心/西部农村卫生发展研究中心HEOA团队
  • 海雪莲(1998—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:卫生政策与管理

通讯作者:

张雨萌,E-mail:
Referral willingness and influencing factors of chronic disease patients from the perspective of Universal Health Coverage: A case study of Sichuan, China
Xue-lian HAI1, 2, Yu-meng ZHANG1, 2 , Jie PAN1, 2
Affiliations
  • West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
出版时间: 2024-05-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202403174
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目的

本研究旨在分析三级公立医院和基层医疗机构慢病患者的转诊意愿及影响因素,以四川省为例开展调查,为全面推进分级诊疗制度建设、引导有序患者就医格局提供决策依据。

方法

对297名慢病患者进行问卷调查,使用SPSS 26.0软件对数据进行描述性统计分析,采用卡方检验对三级公立医院慢病患者的下转意愿和基层医疗机构的上转意愿进行分析。

结果

三级公立医院患者的下转诊意愿较低,仅有44.2%的患者在病情稳定后愿意向下转诊;患者居住地为农村地区、获得过医联体服务、居住地与三级医院距离更远的患者更愿意向下转诊。28.1%的基层慢病患者愿意向上转诊;基层慢病患者的职业、年龄、是否利用门诊特殊病政策服务是其向上转诊意愿的影响因素。

结论

三级公立医院和基层慢病患者的转诊意愿普遍不强。提升基层医疗机构综合能力,加强医联体内协作机制和医疗服务水平,同时扩大针对慢性病的报销政策,有助于促进患者的双向转诊,推动分级诊疗局面的形成。

分级诊疗  /  慢病患者  /  转诊意愿  /  影响因素
Objective

To offer insights for enhancing the hierarchical medical system and guiding patient healthcare-seeking behaviors systematically, this study analyzes referral willingness and influencing factors of tertiary public hospitals and primary healthcare institutionsamong chronic disease patients in Sichuan Province.

Methods

A questionnaire survey was conducted on 297 chronic disease patients. Descriptive statistical analysis of the data was performed using SPSS 26.0 software. Chi-square tests were employed to analyze the downward referral willingness of chronic disease patients from tertiary public hospitals and the upward referral willingness to primary healthcare institutions.

Results

Patients in large public hospitals showed low downward referral willingness (44.2%). Rural residence, prior medical consortium services, and greater distance from tertiary hospitals increased willingness. Primary healthcare patients exhibited a 28.1% upward referral willingness, influenced by occupation, age, and use of outpatient special disease policy services.

Conclusion

Referral willingness is generally weak in large public hospitals and primary healthcare institutions. Enhancing the comprehensive capacity of primary healthcare institutions, strengthening collaborative mechanisms and the level of medical services within medical consortia, along with expanding reimbursement policies for chronic diseases, contributes to promoting bidirectional patient referrals and advancing the formation of a tiered diagnosis and treatment system.

Graded diagnosis  /  Patients with chronic diseases  /  Referral willingness  /  Influencing factors
海雪莲, 张雨萌, 潘杰. 全民健康覆盖视角下慢病患者转诊意愿及影响因素研究——以四川省为例. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (10) : 1833 -1838 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202403174
Xue-lian HAI, Yu-meng ZHANG, Jie PAN. Referral willingness and influencing factors of chronic disease patients from the perspective of Universal Health Coverage: A case study of Sichuan, China[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (10) : 1833 -1838 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202403174
全民健康覆盖的首要目标是确保每个人都能获得全面和高质量的卫生服务[1],实现全民健康覆盖已成为全球共识和共同行动的重要议程。追求全民健康覆盖,关键是保障公平获得卫生服务[4]。经验证据表明,中国居民对基层医疗机构提供的卫生服务存在不信任情况,许多患者在慢病小病的情况下绕过基层医疗机构,选择三级医院进行就诊。这种现象造成基层医疗服务利用不足、卫生资源分配不平衡等现象,凸显了干预的迫切性。为了应对这种状况,建立健全的分级诊疗体系势在必行。分级诊疗优先合理利用医疗资源,可以有效减轻大医院的负担,增强基层医疗卫生机构的服务能力,通过合理配置医疗资源,使卫生资源公平性得到改善[7],有助于达成全民健康覆盖的总体目标。
在此背景下,本研究旨在调查四川省三级公立医院慢病患者的向下转诊意愿及其影响因素以及基层医疗机构慢病患者的向上转诊意愿及其影响因素。通过深入研究患者在分级诊疗体系中的决策过程,更全面地了解患者在这一体系中的转诊选择意愿,本文将为分级诊疗制度的全面推进提供支持,引导居民建立正确的就医模式,为实现全民健康覆盖目标提供有针对性的策略。
本研究方便抽样的方法对四川省内4家三级公立医院和4家基层社区卫生服务中心的慢病患者进行调查,研究人员经过统一培训后进行问卷调查,并在现场回收问卷。纳入标准:确诊患有慢性病,患者或家属同意参与调查且知情同意;意识清醒,能回答问题;排除标准:患者不同意参加本次调查或者调查对象同意但意识不清、处于卧床等急重症或陪诊人员不熟知患者情况。本研究通过了四川大学华西第四医院/华西公共卫生学院伦理委员会的批准(审批号为Gwll2022066)。
本研究采用问卷调查法,问卷的研制过程经历了几个重要步骤。首先,在深入的文献回顾基础上,借鉴前人问卷初步编制了问卷。Andersen卫生服务利用模型被广泛运用于研究患者的就医选择和转诊意愿[8-9],该模型考虑了环境因素、人群特征、健康行为和健康结果等因素。在这一理论框架的指导下,将问卷内容修改补充为以下几个方面:①患者基本情况,包括性别、年龄、受教育程度、年收入、年健康支出等。②患者对医联体、家庭医生、门诊特殊病及慢病报销、医保等政策的使用情况。③影响患者转诊意愿的因素,包括医疗机构与居住地的距离、就诊等待时间、医生服务态度、专业能力等。其次,通过学者、专家、医院工作人员、管理者等多方讨论和完善,确定初步实地调研问卷的内容。最后,在正式开始调研之前,对40位患者进行了预调查,并结合受访者的反馈意见对相关题目进行了修正,使其更加易于受访者理解。
使用EpiData 3.1软件录入问卷数据,再用SPSS 26.0进行描述性分析,患者的一般人口学特征等按分类资料进行描述,组间比较采用χ2检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
本研究发放297份问卷,回收有效问卷284份,有效回收率95.62%。163名三级公立医院患者和121名基层医疗机构患者参与调查,男性130人,女性154人,年龄21~89岁,其中50~89岁年龄段患者占68.1%。有192名患者居住在城镇,剩下93位的居住地为农村地区。教育程度方面,40.1%初中及以下,27.1%高中或中专,31.3%大专或本科,1.4%是研究生及以上。
本研究揭示了三级公立医院慢病患者在转诊决策上的不同情况,有72名(44.2%)患者在病情缓解后愿意向下转诊至基层医疗卫生机构,而剩下55.8%的慢病患者则更倾向于在大型医院就诊。不愿意向下转诊的主要原因包括对基层医疗机构医生的信任缺乏(67.0%)、担心转诊会耽误时间(58.2%)、以及认为基层医疗机构的检查项目不够全面(29.7%)。相反,愿意向下转诊的患者中,79.2%强调基层机构距离近且交通便捷,61.1%相信在基层机构就诊可以降低治疗费用,还有少数患者(3.3%)认为基层机构能够满足检查项目需求,具体情况见表1
单因素分析显示,三级公立医院患者的性别、受教育程度和年收入等因素的P值均>0.05,无统计学意义(表2),表明这些因素对患者向下转诊意愿没有显著影响。然而,城乡差异呈现出显著差异(χ2=4.848,P<0.05),显示患者居住地会影响向下转诊意愿,农村地区患者更愿意向下转诊至基层医疗机构。同时,是否获得医联体服务和居住地距离最近的三级医院这两个因素与向下转诊意愿显著相关(χ2值分别为9.481和8.980,P<0.05)。具体来说,曾获得医联体服务或居住地距离最近的三级医院较远的患者更倾向于向下转诊。然而,是否享受门诊特殊及慢病报销政策以及距离最近的基层医疗机构的距离等因素与转诊意愿无显著关联。
对基层医疗机构慢病患者的调查显示,有34名患者(占比28.1%)愿意转诊到上级医院。这部分患者主要不信任基层医疗机构医生的医疗条件和技能,认为基层机构的检查项目不够全面,并提及药品种类不足。另有87名患者(占比71.9%)不愿转诊到上级医院,原因是基层医疗机构距离近、交通便捷,服务质量和服务模式(如家庭医生等)更好,而且在基层医疗机构治疗费用相对较低。这结果反映了基层医疗机构在方便、经济实惠方面的优势,显示一部分患者对其信任度较高,同时揭示了患者在就医选择上的复杂考虑,包括对医疗技术的信任与不信任,以及对服务便捷性和经济性的权衡。
表3的分析结果呈现了基层慢病患者向上转诊意愿与多个因素之间的关系。在性别(χ2=2.259)、受教育程度(χ2=4.681)、年收入(χ2=5.913)、年卫生健康支出(χ2=0.918),P均>0.05,差异无统计学意义;在职业(χ2=10.765)、年龄(χ2=12.120),P<0.05,差异有统计学意义。除此之外,在是否利用过门诊特殊病相关政策下要求的服务(χ2=3.949),P<0.05,差异有统计学意义。具体表现为利用过门诊特殊病政策下的医疗卫生服务的基层慢病患者,相比于没有利用该服务的患者,其向上转诊意愿更高。这一发现提示了特殊病政策在降低基层慢病患者向上转诊意愿方面可能发挥了积极的作用。
本次调查揭示了慢病患者在转诊意愿上的谨慎态度。在三级公立医院患者中,仅有44.2%表示愿意向下转诊至基层医疗卫生机构,而在基层医疗机构患者中,仅有28.1%愿意向上转诊至上级医院。三级公立医院患者对服务质量要求更高且对病情变化更敏感。部分基层服务能力不足,未能满足慢病患者的需求[10],因此患者不愿向下转诊至基层医疗机构。这一发现强调了在构建医疗体系时需考虑患者差异需求,提供个性化服务。基层医疗机构患者不愿向上转的原因是其便利性更高,位置更近、交通更便捷。且慢病患者以中老年居多,不适应上级医院繁琐的就诊流程,更愿选择基层医疗机构,因其服务简便、符合实际需求。
本研究调查结果显示,对基层医疗机构医生的信任缺乏、担心转诊会耽误时间、担心基层医疗机构的检查项目不够全面都是影响患者向下转诊的原因,基层医疗机构的综合能力对患者转诊决策至关重要。患者在考虑转诊时会综合考虑医疗服务的质量、便捷性和费用等因素,而基层医疗机构的综合能力直接影响这些方面的满意度。提高患者转诊意愿的首要之处在于解决患者对基层医疗机构医生的信任缺失问题,这需要通过提升医生的专业能力、加强医患之间的沟通与信任构建,以增进患者对基层医疗机构医生的信赖。其次,为缓解担心转诊耽误时间的担忧,需要加大对基层医疗机构的资金和资源投入,以改善其医疗设备、技术水平和服务效率,从而缩短患者等待转诊的时间,提升患者对基层医疗机构的信心。此外,对于担心基层医疗机构检查项目不足的问题,可通过完善其检查设备和技术手段,加强医疗资源的配置和共享,以提升基层医疗机构的综合能力和服务水平,从而增强患者对其的信任和满意度。因此,加大对基层医疗机构的投入、提升其综合能力,对于促进患者向下转诊具有积极的意义和作用。
医联体中上级医院与基层医疗卫生机构的合作成为实现医疗资源整合的有效途径[11]。通过建立医联体,大医院和基层机构得以共同制定合作协议,充分发挥各自的优势,实现互利共赢。大医院可通过教学、指导和培训提升基层医疗机构的综合能力,同时基层医疗机构也应主动承担慢病患者健康管理责任。各大医疗机构在确立自身职责范围和功能定位的基础上,需加强分工协作,解决上下医疗机构在双向转诊中可能面临的衔接流程不规范、转诊标准不一致等问题。同时需要强化信息化平台建设,为患者提供连续、综合的医疗卫生服务,从而刺激更多患者向下转诊。通过医联体内各级医疗机构的协作配合可以共同促进合理就医行为[12],有助于减轻上级医院的负担,有效地利用基层医疗卫生资源,推进全民健康覆盖,确保更多人能够获得适当和高效的医疗服务。
保障特殊病和慢病医保政策的实施对于推动患者转诊具有重要意义,通过门诊特殊病慢病报销政策,慢病患者可以享受到更多的医疗保障和费用报销。因此,政府需要进一步完善相关政策,扩大特殊病中慢病的范围,提高报销比例,确保慢病患者可以及时获得有效治疗,减轻其医疗费用负担。目前老年慢病的医保仍然存在覆盖项目不足和报销比例不高的问题[13],这导致一些患者在选择就医机构时面临着经济压力和不确定性。在这种情况下,充分发挥医疗保险支付差异对居民就医行为的调控和引导作用至关重要。报销比例越高的医疗机构越能吸引患者就医[14],基层医疗机构的医疗保险报销水平越高,医院向基层医疗机构的转诊将越多[15],因此政府在大力提高基层服务机构的服务水平的同时,可以在现有基础上进一步在试点区域扩大各级医疗机构之间的报销比例差距。这些努力有助于提高双向转诊和分级诊疗的效率,从而为全民健康覆盖的实现提供智能化和有序化的支持。
  • 国家自然科学基金(72104159,72074163,72374149,71874116,42071379,72104158,72204175)
  • 教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金(20YJC790179)
  • 中国博士后科学基金(2020M673274)
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202403174
  • 接收时间:2024-03-11
  • 首发时间:2026-03-17
  • 出版时间:2024-05-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-03-11
基金
国家自然科学基金(72104159,72074163,72374149,71874116,42071379,72104158,72204175)
教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金(20YJC790179)
中国博士后科学基金(2020M673274)
作者信息
    1.四川大学华西公共卫生学院/华西第四医院,四川 成都 610041
    2.四川大学健康城市发展研究中心/西部农村卫生发展研究中心HEOA团队

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Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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