Article(id=1240413929579533075, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240413921266429979, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202411489, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1732636800000, receivedDateStr=2024-11-27, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773667326587, onlineDateStr=2026-03-16, pubDate=1754755200000, pubDateStr=2025-08-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773667326587, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-16, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773667326587, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773667326587, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240413921266429979, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='15', pageStart='2689', pageEnd='2880', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1773667324606, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773667356299, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1240414054267802325, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240413921266429979, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1240414054267802326, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240413921266429979, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2822, endPage=2827, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240413929873134378, articleId=1240413929579533075, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=The impact of Fitness Qigong on depression in the elderly: the chain mediating effect of mindfulness and sense of life meaning, columnId=1228016572451718132, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Health and Social Behavior, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

This study aims to explore the impact of Fitness Qigong on depression in middle-aged and elderly, as well as the chain mediating role of mindfulness and sense of meaning in life.

Methods

The study utilized the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, the Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ), the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS), and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Taking middle-aged and elderly people in Guangxi Autonomous Region as the research subjects. A total of 1 000 questionnaires were distributed, with 956 valid responses returned, resulting in a 95.6%effective response rate. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and regression analysis were conducted using SPSS 27.0. The Bootstrap method in the PROCESS V4.1 plug-in was used to test the mediating effect and verify the chain mediating role of mindfulness and meaning in life.

Results

The depression detection rate among middle-aged and elderly people in Guangxi was 17.3%. Depression scores showed significant differences in terms of age, education level, marital status, and exercise intensity of Qigong. Fitness Qigong exercise has a significant direct negative effect on depression levels among middle-aged and elderly individuals (β=-0.30, P < 0.001). Mindfulness and meaning in life exhibited significant individual mediating effects in the relationship between Fitness Qigong exercise and depression, with effect values of -0.059 (95% CI: -0.087~-0.036) and-0.022(95% CI: -0.041~-0.005), accounting for 15.42% and 5.63% of the total effect,respectively. Additionally, the chain mediating effect was also significant, with an effect value of -0.008(95% CI: -0.017~-0.002), accounting for 2.16% of the total effect.

Conclusion

Fitness Qigong not only directly reduces depression levels in the elderly but also affects depression levels through the chain mediating effects of mindfulness and meaning in life.

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目的

探讨健身气功锻炼对中老年人抑郁的影响以及正念和生命意义感的链式中介作用。

方法

采用健身气功锻炼等级量表、生命意义感量表(meaning in life questionnaire, MLQ)、正念注意知觉量表和病人健康问卷(patient health questionnaire-9, PHQ-9),对广西壮族自治区(简称广西)内的中老年人为研究对象发放问卷1 000份,回收有效问卷956份,有效回收率95.6%。采用SPSS 27.0软件进行描述性统计、相关性分析及回归分析。利用PROCESS V4.1插件中的bootstrap方法进行中介效应检验,验证正念和生命意义感的链式中介作用。

结果

广西中老年人抑郁的检出率为17.3%,抑郁得分在年龄、学历、婚姻状况、健身气功锻炼强度方面存在显著差异(P<0.05);健身气功锻炼对中老年人抑郁水平的直接效应显著(β=-0.30,P<0.001);正念和生命意义感在健身气功锻炼和抑郁之间的单独中介效应显著,效应值分别为-0.059(95% CI:-0.087~ -0.036)和-0.022(95% CI:-0.041~ -0.005),占总效应的15.42%和5.63%,链式中介效应显著,效应值为-0.008(95% CI:-0.017~ -0.002),占总效应的2.16%。

结论

健身气功锻炼不仅能直接降低中老年人的抑郁水平,还能通过正念和生命意义感的链式作用改善中老年人的抑郁情绪。

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徐永峰,E-mail:
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孙文芳(1987—),女,博士,副教授,研究方向:运动心理学

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注:*表示P<0.05;**表示P<0.01;***表示P<0.001。

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Characteristics of participants and detection rate of depression [n(%),()]

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变量选项人数无抑郁症状
人数
有抑郁症状
人数
抑郁t/FP
性别
205164(80.0)41(20.0)3.03±4.06-0.5330.594
751627(83.5)124(16.5)3.21±4.19
年龄(岁)
55~60478424(88.7)54(11.3)2.72±3.399.088<0.001
61~69362295(81.5)67(18.5)3.23±4.51
70~759361(65.6)32(34.4)4.58±5.10
>752311(47.8)12(52.2)5.96±6.27
学历
小学及以下319276(86.5)43(13.4)2.85±5.0115.284<0.001
初中学历277202(72.9)75 (27.1)5.25±4.38
高中学历234210(89.7)24(10.3)2.29±2.02
大专及以上126103(81.7)23(18.3)3.32±4.06
婚姻状况
有配偶634541(85.3)93(14.7)2.93±4.49-2.7220.007
无配偶322250(77.6)72 (22.3)3.64±3.39
居住情况
独居424343(80.9)81(19.1)3.26±3.690.3570.402
与子女同住532448(84.2)84 (15.8)3.00±4.96
锻炼强度
11054 (49.1)56(50.9)6.25±5.2880.188<0.001
266205(77.1)61 (22.9)4.54±3.26
580532(91.7)48(8.3)1.96±3.79
合计956791(82.7)165(17.3)
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调查对象基本情况及抑郁检出率[n(%),()]

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变量选项人数无抑郁症状
人数
有抑郁症状
人数
抑郁t/FP
性别
205164(80.0)41(20.0)3.03±4.06-0.5330.594
751627(83.5)124(16.5)3.21±4.19
年龄(岁)
55~60478424(88.7)54(11.3)2.72±3.399.088<0.001
61~69362295(81.5)67(18.5)3.23±4.51
70~759361(65.6)32(34.4)4.58±5.10
>752311(47.8)12(52.2)5.96±6.27
学历
小学及以下319276(86.5)43(13.4)2.85±5.0115.284<0.001
初中学历277202(72.9)75 (27.1)5.25±4.38
高中学历234210(89.7)24(10.3)2.29±2.02
大专及以上126103(81.7)23(18.3)3.32±4.06
婚姻状况
有配偶634541(85.3)93(14.7)2.93±4.49-2.7220.007
无配偶322250(77.6)72 (22.3)3.64±3.39
居住情况
独居424343(80.9)81(19.1)3.26±3.690.3570.402
与子女同住532448(84.2)84 (15.8)3.00±4.96
锻炼强度
11054 (49.1)56(50.9)6.25±5.2880.188<0.001
266205(77.1)61 (22.9)4.54±3.26
580532(91.7)48(8.3)1.96±3.79
合计956791(82.7)165(17.3)
), ArticleFig(id=1240424358338949997, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240413929579533075, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Descriptive statistics and correlation analysis of each variable(r

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变量1234
1.健身气功锻炼47.76±21.371
2.正念71.87±13.200.342***1
3.生命意义感46.97±10.090.359***0.384***1
4.抑郁3.17±4.16-0.385***-0.305***-0.256***1
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各变量的描述统计及相关分析(r

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量1234
1.健身气功锻炼47.76±21.371
2.正念71.87±13.200.342***1
3.生命意义感46.97±10.090.359***0.384***1
4.抑郁3.17±4.16-0.385***-0.305***-0.256***1
), ArticleFig(id=1240424358544470902, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240413929579533075, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

The mediating effect regression model of mindfulness and meaning in life

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量抑郁正念生命意义感抑郁
βtβtβtβt
健身气功锻炼-0.38-12.86***0.3411.15***0.268.44***-0.30-9.17***
正念0.299.59***-0.17-5.37***
生命意义感-0.08-2.54*
R2值0.160.120.210.20
F60.89***41.58***62.31***47.80***
), ArticleFig(id=1240424358649328510, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240413929579533075, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

正念与生命意义感中介效应回归模型

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量抑郁正念生命意义感抑郁
βtβtβtβt
健身气功锻炼-0.38-12.86***0.3411.15***0.268.44***-0.30-9.17***
正念0.299.59***-0.17-5.37***
生命意义感-0.08-2.54*
R2值0.160.120.210.20
F60.89***41.58***62.31***47.80***
), ArticleFig(id=1240424358770963334, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240413929579533075, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Mediation analysis of mindfulness and meaning in life

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
效应路径效应值(95%CI效应占比(%)
间接效应路径1-0.059(-0.087~-0.036)0.01315.42
路径2-0.022(-0.041~-0.005)0.0095.63
路径3-0.008(-0.017~-0.002)0.0042.16
总间接效应-0.089(-0.130~-0.053)0.01923.21
直接效应-0.295(-0.050~-0.045)0.00676.79
总效应-0.384(-0.086~-0.063)0.006100
), ArticleFig(id=1240424359840510856, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240413929579533075, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

正念和生命意义感的中介分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
效应路径效应值(95%CI效应占比(%)
间接效应路径1-0.059(-0.087~-0.036)0.01315.42
路径2-0.022(-0.041~-0.005)0.0095.63
路径3-0.008(-0.017~-0.002)0.0042.16
总间接效应-0.089(-0.130~-0.053)0.01923.21
直接效应-0.295(-0.050~-0.045)0.00676.79
总效应-0.384(-0.086~-0.063)0.006100
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健身气功锻炼对中老年人抑郁的影响——正念和生命意义感的链式中介作用
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孙文芳 1 , 胡威 1 , 吴泳锟 1 , 徐永峰 2
现代预防医学 | 健康与社会行为 2025,52(15): 2822-2827
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现代预防医学 | 健康与社会行为 2025, 52(15): 2822-2827
健身气功锻炼对中老年人抑郁的影响——正念和生命意义感的链式中介作用
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孙文芳1, 胡威1, 吴泳锟1, 徐永峰2
作者信息
  • 1.广西师范大学体育与健康学院,广西 桂林 541001
  • 2.桂林电子科技大学体育部,广西 桂林 541002
  • 孙文芳(1987—),女,博士,副教授,研究方向:运动心理学

通讯作者:

徐永峰,E-mail:
The impact of Fitness Qigong on depression in the elderly: the chain mediating effect of mindfulness and sense of life meaning
Wen-fang SUN1, Wei HU1, Yong-kun WU1, Yong-feng XU2
Affiliations
  • School of Physical Education and Health, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541001, China
出版时间: 2025-08-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202411489
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目的

探讨健身气功锻炼对中老年人抑郁的影响以及正念和生命意义感的链式中介作用。

方法

采用健身气功锻炼等级量表、生命意义感量表(meaning in life questionnaire, MLQ)、正念注意知觉量表和病人健康问卷(patient health questionnaire-9, PHQ-9),对广西壮族自治区(简称广西)内的中老年人为研究对象发放问卷1 000份,回收有效问卷956份,有效回收率95.6%。采用SPSS 27.0软件进行描述性统计、相关性分析及回归分析。利用PROCESS V4.1插件中的bootstrap方法进行中介效应检验,验证正念和生命意义感的链式中介作用。

结果

广西中老年人抑郁的检出率为17.3%,抑郁得分在年龄、学历、婚姻状况、健身气功锻炼强度方面存在显著差异(P<0.05);健身气功锻炼对中老年人抑郁水平的直接效应显著(β=-0.30,P<0.001);正念和生命意义感在健身气功锻炼和抑郁之间的单独中介效应显著,效应值分别为-0.059(95% CI:-0.087~ -0.036)和-0.022(95% CI:-0.041~ -0.005),占总效应的15.42%和5.63%,链式中介效应显著,效应值为-0.008(95% CI:-0.017~ -0.002),占总效应的2.16%。

结论

健身气功锻炼不仅能直接降低中老年人的抑郁水平,还能通过正念和生命意义感的链式作用改善中老年人的抑郁情绪。

健身气功锻炼  /  正念  /  生命意义感  /  抑郁  /  中老年人
Objective

This study aims to explore the impact of Fitness Qigong on depression in middle-aged and elderly, as well as the chain mediating role of mindfulness and sense of meaning in life.

Methods

The study utilized the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, the Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ), the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS), and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Taking middle-aged and elderly people in Guangxi Autonomous Region as the research subjects. A total of 1 000 questionnaires were distributed, with 956 valid responses returned, resulting in a 95.6%effective response rate. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and regression analysis were conducted using SPSS 27.0. The Bootstrap method in the PROCESS V4.1 plug-in was used to test the mediating effect and verify the chain mediating role of mindfulness and meaning in life.

Results

The depression detection rate among middle-aged and elderly people in Guangxi was 17.3%. Depression scores showed significant differences in terms of age, education level, marital status, and exercise intensity of Qigong. Fitness Qigong exercise has a significant direct negative effect on depression levels among middle-aged and elderly individuals (β=-0.30, P < 0.001). Mindfulness and meaning in life exhibited significant individual mediating effects in the relationship between Fitness Qigong exercise and depression, with effect values of -0.059 (95% CI: -0.087~-0.036) and-0.022(95% CI: -0.041~-0.005), accounting for 15.42% and 5.63% of the total effect,respectively. Additionally, the chain mediating effect was also significant, with an effect value of -0.008(95% CI: -0.017~-0.002), accounting for 2.16% of the total effect.

Conclusion

Fitness Qigong not only directly reduces depression levels in the elderly but also affects depression levels through the chain mediating effects of mindfulness and meaning in life.

Fitness Qigong exercise  /  Mindfulness  /  Sense of meaning in life  /  depression  /  Middle-aged and elderly adults
孙文芳, 胡威, 吴泳锟, 徐永峰. 健身气功锻炼对中老年人抑郁的影响——正念和生命意义感的链式中介作用. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (15) : 2822 -2827 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202411489
Wen-fang SUN, Wei HU, Yong-kun WU, Yong-feng XU. The impact of Fitness Qigong on depression in the elderly: the chain mediating effect of mindfulness and sense of life meaning[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (15) : 2822 -2827 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202411489
研究显示,我国中老年人抑郁症状的检出率高达37.16%[1],抑郁症不仅会导致生活质量下降,还会增加自杀风险[2],因此,如何有效预防中老年人抑郁症的发生,提高其生活质量,成为社会各界关注的重点。大量研究表明,健身气功锻炼能够改善心理健康状况,尤其在改善认知功能[3]和情绪调节[4]方面具有显著效果。例如,失独老人参与八段锦等健身气功锻炼后,生活质量提升,负面情绪减少[5]。因此,健身气功锻炼可能有助于缓解与抑制老年人抑郁情绪。正念是影响抑郁的主要因素之一,研究表明,正念干预对心理健康有显著改善作用,如改善失眠老年人的睡眠质量并缓解抑郁[6],同时,健身气功锻炼能够提高中老年人的正念水平[7]。因此,健身气功锻炼可能通过提高正念来缓解中老年人抑郁。生命意义感也是影响中老年人心理健康的关键因素[8]。研究发现,缺乏生命意义感可能会导致抑郁、焦虑等心理问题[9],而具有高度生命意义感的人则更能应对生活压力,减轻焦虑和抑郁,提升生活的充实感和满足感[10]。例如,跨26个欧洲国家的调研显示,生命意义感对于减轻中老年人孤独感与抑郁情绪具有重要作用[11]。健身气功锻炼通过促进身心健康和增强自我觉察感,帮助中老年人感知生命的价值和意义,从而提升生命意义感。因此,健身气功锻炼可能通过提升生命意义感来影响中老年人抑郁。正念亦被证实是影响生命意义感的重要因素[12]。随着年龄的增长,中老年人常面临自我价值感下降和生命意义感减弱的挑战,这对心理健康产生负面影响[13]。因此,提升正念水平成为促进心理健康和生命意义感的重要途径。正念通过增进对情感、思维和身体状态的觉察,促进自我理解,进而增强生命意义感。综上,本研究旨在探讨健身气功锻炼对中老年人抑郁的影响,并分析正念和生命意义感的中介作用,为提升中老年人心理健康提供理论依据和实践指导。
于2024年1—6月,采用随机抽样的方式,从桂林市、柳州市、南宁市等地的健身气功协会随机选取1 000名参与者作为调查对象,共发放1 000份纸质版问卷,除去无效问卷44份问卷,回收有效问卷956份,有效回收率96%。问卷废除标准包括:漏答过多,作答不完整及规律性填答(如连续相同选项)的无效问卷。
采用由Brown和Ryan编制,陈思佚等人[14]修订的中文版(2012)《正念注意知觉量表》进行测试,该量表为单一维度,通过所有条目得分累计来衡量受试者正念水平,得分越高表示正念水平越高。在本研究中该量表的Cronbach α为0.913,表明信度良好。
采用由Steger等编制,刘思斯等人[15]修订的生命意义感量表中文版进行测试。中文版量表共有9道题,采用Likert 7点记分。总分越高,表明个体感知到的生命意义感越强。在本研究中该量表Cronbach α系数为 0.903。
基于梁德清[16]的《体育活动等级量表》改编,结合健身气功特点设计。量表内容涵盖:“您每次练习健身气功的时长是多久?“您练习健身气功的频率如何?”等问题,旨在精确衡量被试者在健身气功中的锻炼运动量。量表评估锻炼强度、时间和频率三个方面,通过三者乘积计算运动量。评分标准为:≤19分为小运动量,20~42分为中等运动量,≥43分为大运动量。该量表的重测信度为r=0.92,以《体育活动等级量表》为效标,效标效度为0.85,说明该量表具有良好的信效度。
PHQ-9是专门用于筛查和评估抑郁症的量表。该量表由9个条目组成,每个条目对应《精神障碍诊断与统计手册》第四版(DSM-IV)中抑郁症的9个诊断标准。受试者根据过去两周内的体验,对每个条目做出“0=根本没有”到“3=几乎每天”的评分,得分范围从0~27分,分数越高表明抑郁程度越高。0~4分为无抑郁症状,5~9分为轻度抑郁,10~19分为中度抑郁,≥20分为重度抑郁。在本研究中该量表Cronbach α系数为0.897。
使用Excel进行问卷数据的记录与初步整理。使用SPSS 27.0软件对数据进行统计分析。计数资料用[n(%)]描述,计量资料用()描述;不同组别的抑郁水平采用t检验或方差分析比较;变量间的相关分析采用偏相关分析;使用SPSS PROCESS V4.1插件进行中介效应分析,检验水准α=0.05。
本研究对问卷数据进行Harman单因素检验,采用SPSS 27.0对健身气功锻炼等级量表、正念、生命意义感以及心理健康每一条目得分进行未旋转的主成分分析,基于特征值大于1的因子有22个,第一因子解释变异量为26.7%,小于40%的临界值,说明数据不存在严重的共同方法偏差。
本次调查共计有效样本为956人,抑郁检出率为17.3%(165人)。调查结果显示,不同年龄、学历、婚姻状况、健身气功锻炼强度的中老年人抑郁得分存在显著差异(P<0.05),见表1
采用偏相关分析变量之间的相关关系,健身气功锻炼、正念以及生命意义感之间均存在显著正相关(P<0.001),健身气功锻炼、正念、生命意义感和抑郁之间存在显著负相关(P<0.001)。见表2
本研究以健身气功锻炼量作为X变量,正念、生命意义感为中介变量,抑郁为Y变量,采用SPSS 27.0中的PROCESS V4.1中介模型插件检验了正念和生命意义感的链式中介效应。研究结果如表3所示,在控制年龄、学历、婚姻状况和锻炼强度后,健身气功锻炼显著负向预测抑郁(β=-0.38,P<0.001);健身气功锻炼正向预测正念(β=0.34,P<0.001);健身气功锻炼和正念均正向预测生命意义感(β=0.26,P<0.001;β=0.29,P<0.001)。进一步分析显示,加入正念和生命意义感作为中介变量后,健身气功锻炼仍显著负向预测抑郁(β=-0.30,P<0.001);正念和生命意义感也显著负向预测抑郁(β=-0.17,P<0.001;β=-0.08,P<0.05),表明正念、生命意义感在健身气功锻炼与心理健康之间起到部分链式中介效应。
进一步使用bootstrap重复抽样5 000次来检验正念和生命意义感在健身气功锻炼和中老年人抑郁间的链式中介效应以及置信区间,结果见表4。间接路径1:健身气功锻炼→正念→抑郁的效应值为-0.06(95% CI:-0.087~-0.036);间接路径2:健身气功锻炼→生命意义感→抑郁的效应值为-0.02(95% CI:-0.042~-0.005);间接路径3:健身气功锻炼→正念→生命意义感→抑郁的效应值为-0.01(95% CI:-0.017~-0.002);间接路径区间均不包含0,说明三条间接路径均显著,链式中介效应存在,间接效应占总效应的23.21%。见图1
本研究显示,广西中老年人群的抑郁检出率为17.3%,显著低于全国水平。例如,2020年《中国健康与养老追踪调查》[1]显示,全国45岁及以上中老年人群的抑郁症状检出率为37.16%;《中国老龄发展报告2024——中国老年人心理健康状况》[17]报告则指出,我国26.4%的老年人存在不同程度的抑郁症状。这些研究结果显著高于本研究的调查结果,这一差异可能与研究对象定期参与健身气功锻炼有关。方差分析显示,大强度健身气功锻炼组的中老年人抑郁水平显著低于中小强度锻炼组。回归分析进一步表明,健身气功锻炼能够显著负向预测中老年人抑郁,这与已有研究结果一致[18]。健身气功锻炼可通过多条途径来提升中老年人心理健康,如有研究发现,健身气功能帮助中老年人维持和改善身体健康,增强肌肉力量、平衡感和柔韧性,进而缓解抑郁带来的无力感和疲乏感[19]。此外,健身气功通过身体放松和呼吸调节,帮助中老年人放松神经系统,减少交感神经的过度兴奋,从而达到减轻抑郁和焦虑的效果[20]
根据研究结果,正念在健身气功锻炼与中老年人抑郁之间起中介作用,即健身气功锻炼可以通过提升正念来减少中老年人抑郁,这与以往研究结果类似[21]。近年来,正念被广泛应用于心理治疗领域,尤其在抑郁症的干预中,正念被证实具有显著的积极影响。如Silva等[22]发现,正念认知疗法(mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, MBCT)能够帮助抑郁症患者识别和摆脱负面的思维模式,从而降低抑郁复发的风险。正念还能够通过增强情绪调节能力,帮助抑郁症患者更好地应对负面情绪,保持察觉而不过度反应,从而避免陷入反刍思维[23]。健身气功(八段锦、易筋经、导引术)中的丹田呼吸法等,属于正念中的一种锻炼类型,因此健身气功锻炼可通过提升中老年人正念水平来减少抑郁情绪。
研究发现,生命意义感在健身气功锻炼和抑郁之间起中介作用,表明健身气功锻炼可以通过提升中老年人生命意义感来减少抑郁情绪,这与已有研究结果一致[24]。生命意义感可通过多种方式影响中老年人心理健康,比如缓冲生活压力,增强应对能力等[25]。在压力情景中,个体若能发现生活意义,会感受到较少的情绪困扰,抑郁水平也较低。此外,生命意义感为个体提供内在心理支撑,使其在面对挑战时不易陷入绝望[26]。生命意义感的缺失与抑郁常常伴随在一起,表现为对生活感到无意义和缺乏动力。而具有明确生命意义感的个体较少经历这种消极的情感体验。最后,生命意义感可以促进积极的认知模式,有助于减少消极思维和反刍思维[10],而反刍思维是抑郁症的主要特征之一,因此拥有强烈生命意义感的中老年人更少经历情绪困扰和抑郁情绪。
研究还发现,健身气功锻炼还可以通过正念和生命意义感的链式中介作用对抑郁情绪产生影响。正念与生命意义感之间存在显著正相关关系,即中老年人正念水平越高,生命意义感越强,这与前人研究结果一致[12]。具体而言,正念通过帮助个体觉知当下的情绪和思想,促进对当前状态的接纳与认可,从而减少中老年人对过往的纠结和未来的焦虑。这种对当下的关注有助于个体审视自己的生活,发现生活的价值和意义[27],正念不仅促进对当下的觉知,还能促进对自我和生活的深度反思,使中老年人更加明确生命意义[28]。健身气功作为一种融合了冥想和放松技巧的传统锻炼方式,为提升正念提供了有效手段。其练习过程有助于中老年人达到身心和谐的状态,增强自我觉察对当下情境的敏锐感知,从而提升正念水平。随着正念水平的提升,中老年人对生命的充实感和满足感也相应增强,进而对其心理健康状况产生积极影响。
综上,健身气功锻炼能够显著负向预测中老年人抑郁情绪。正念和生命意义感不仅在健身气功锻炼和抑郁之间起独立中介作用,还在二者之间起链式中介作用,即经常参与健身气功锻炼的中老年人,倾向于展现出更高的正念水平,其可能拥有更强的生命意义感,进而有效降低抑郁情绪的发生。本研究为进一步理解健身气功锻炼对中老年人心理健康的影响及潜在机制提供了理论依据,对于促进中老年人心理健康,减轻抑郁症状具有重要的实践价值。本研究也存在一定局限性:一是,本研究采用的是横断面研究设计,仅能揭示健身气功锻炼与中老年人抑郁症状之间的关联性,无法验证二者间的因果关系。二是,健身气功锻炼对中老年人抑郁的影响是一个复杂过程,可能涉及多种路径机制(比如社会支持、自我效能等)。未来研究将采用纵向研究设计,通过长期追踪进一步明确健身气功锻炼对抑郁症状改善的效果。同时,还将从多维视角探讨其他相关变量对两者关系的调节与中介作用,为健身气功锻炼干预中老年人抑郁提供充足的理论依据。
  • 2024年度国家社会科学基金后期资助项目(24FTYB015)
  • 广西“十四五”规划2024年度项目(2024ZJY950)
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2025年第52卷第15期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202411489
  • 接收时间:2024-11-27
  • 首发时间:2026-03-16
  • 出版时间:2025-08-10
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  • 收稿日期:2024-11-27
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2024年度国家社会科学基金后期资助项目(24FTYB015)
广西“十四五”规划2024年度项目(2024ZJY950)
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    1.广西师范大学体育与健康学院,广西 桂林 541001
    2.桂林电子科技大学体育部,广西 桂林 541002

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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种数
Number of
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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