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Article(id=1240413928535151317, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240413921266429979, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501052, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1736006400000, receivedDateStr=2025-01-05, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773667326339, onlineDateStr=2026-03-16, pubDate=1754755200000, pubDateStr=2025-08-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773667326339, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-16, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773667326339, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773667326339, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240413921266429979, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='15', pageStart='2689', pageEnd='2880', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1773667324606, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773667356299, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1240414054267802325, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240413921266429979, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1240414054267802326, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240413921266429979, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2769, endPage=2774, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240413928786809573, articleId=1240413928535151317, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Recent trends and influencing factors of stunting among infants and young children aged 6-23 months in rural areas of Liuzhou from 2017 to 2023, columnId=1228016568949474136, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Child and Adolescent Health, Maternal and Child Health, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To analyze the trend and influencing factors of stunting among infants and young children (IYC) aged 6-23 months in rural areas of Liuzhou from 2017 to 2023, to provide evidence for early prevention and intervention for stunting.

Methods

Children nutrition improvement projects monitoring survey data of 4 175 IYC in Liuzhou between 2017 and 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. Complementary feeding practices were assessed using WHO/UNICEF 2021 IYC feeding indicators. The trend of stunting prevalence was analyzed by χ2 trend test, and the risk factors of stunting were analyzed by logistic regression analysis.

Results

The prevalence of stunting in the IYC in rural Liuzhou decreased from 11.52% in 2017 to 3.85% in 2023 (χ2trend=41.914, P<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that mothers of Miao ethnicity (OR=1.63, 95%CI: 1.13-2.37), mothers of Dong ethnicity (OR=1.74, 95% CI: 1.24-2.44), middle school and below education (primary school or below: OR=1.94, 95% CI: 1.22-3.08; middle school: OR=1.64, 95% CI: 1.10-2.44), preterm birth (OR=4.27,95% CI: 2.89-6.30), term SGA (OR=3.04, 95% CI: 2.25-4.09), boys (OR=1.96, 95% CI: 1.51-2.55), aged 12-23 months (OR=1.93, 95% CI: 1.45-2.57) , unmet minimum meal frequency (OR=1.45, 95% CI: 1.08-1.95) were risk factors for stunting.Mother's occupation as agriculture (OR=0.57, 95% CI: 0.37-0.87), father's occupation as non-agriculture (OR=0.45, 95% CI:0.30-0.68), feeding and nutrition knowledge scores (OR=0.78, 95% CI: 0.70-0.86) were protective factors.

Conclusion

The prevalence of stunting among IYC aged 6-23 months in rural areas of Liuzhou showed a decreasing trend from 2017 to 2023,but was higher than the national average level. Attention needs to be paid to preterm births, term SGA, mothers from ethnic minorities or with low educational level, and complementary feeding practices for IYC, in order to reduce the incidence of stunting.

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目的

分析2017—2023年柳州市农村地区6～23月龄婴幼儿生长迟缓率变化趋势及影响因素，为早期预防和干预提供依据。

方法

对柳州市儿童营养改善项目2017—2023年监测调查的4 175名婴幼儿数据进行回顾性分析，根据2021年世界卫生组织和联合国儿童基金会婴幼儿喂养评价指标分析婴幼儿喂养状况，用趋势χ2检验分析生长迟缓率的时间变化趋势，用logistic回归分析生长迟缓的影响因素。

结果

2017—2023年柳州市农村地区6～23月龄婴幼儿生长迟缓率从11.52%降至3.85%（χ2趋势=41.914，P<0.001）。多因素logistic回归分析显示：母亲苗族（OR= 1.63，95%CI：1.13～2.37）、侗族（OR=1.74，95%CI：1.24～2.44）、初中及以下学历（文盲/小学OR=1.94，95%CI：1.22～3.08；初中OR=1.64，95%CI：1.10～2.44）、早产（OR=4.27，95%CI：2.89～6.30）、足月小于胎龄儿（OR=3.04，95%CI：2.25～4.09）、男童（OR=1.96，95%CI：1.51～2.55）、12～23月龄（OR=1.93，95%CI：1.45～2.57）、未达到最低膳食摄入频率（OR=1.45，95%CI：1.08～1.95）是婴幼儿生长迟缓的危险因素。母亲职业农业（OR=0.57，95%CI：0.37～0.87）、父亲职业非农（OR=0.45，95%CI：0.30～0.68）、喂养与营养知识得分（OR=0.78，95%CI：0.70～0.86）是婴幼儿生长迟缓的保护因素。

结论

2017—2023年柳州市农村地区6～23月龄婴幼儿生长迟缓率呈下降趋势，但仍高于全国平均水平。关注早产、足月小于胎龄儿、少数民族及低学历母亲，改善婴幼儿辅食喂养以降低生长迟缓发生率。

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曾定元，E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点，除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=U3svM9B+mFggOuoiLXQ86A==, magXml=fTgv+Yzxhof6Xn+K0lZ94g==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=ELzET2KmX+WiFMjC141UNA==, pdfFileSize=577847, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=pnThT8NIZX9tw6am7mYSoA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=IOdw7UJaSfoPAKUjsmiLAg==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

胡敏（1984—），女，硕士，副主任医师，研究方向：儿童群体保健

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胡敏（1984—），女，硕士，副主任医师，研究方向：儿童群体保健

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胡敏（1984—），女，硕士，副主任医师，研究方向：儿童群体保健

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Scientific Reports, 2020, 10(1): 21031., articleTitle=Assessment of the nutritional status of 6-36-month-old infants in Xinjiang and analysis of the influencing factors, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240424362004763548, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240413928535151317, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=119, issue=2, pageStart=444, pageEnd=455, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=16, authorNames=Rocha AS, Ribeiro-Silva RDC, Silva JFM, journalName=The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Rocha AS, Ribeiro-Silva RDC, Silva JFM, et al. Postnatal growth in small vulnerable newborns: a longitudinal study of 2 million Brazilians using routine register-based linked data[J]. 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PLOS One,2024, 19(3): e0297698., articleTitle=Low birth weight, household socio-economic status, water and sanitation are associated with stunting and wasting among children aged 6-23 months: Results from a National survey in Ghana, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240424362222867363, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240413928535151317, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=14, issue=5, pageStart=948, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=18, authorNames=Thurstans S, Opondo C, Seal A, journalName=Nutrients, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Thurstans S, Opondo C, Seal A, et al. 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Nutrients, 2020, 13(1): 137., articleTitle=Adherence to child feeding practices and child growth: a retrospective cohort analysis in Cambodia, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240424362503885739, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240413928535151317, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=29, issue=3, pageStart=501, pageEnd=517, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=21, authorNames=Goyena EA, Maniego M, Cristobal AG, journalName=Mal J Nutr, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Goyena EA, Maniego M, Cristobal AG. Validation of selected 2021 infant and young child feeding indicators for appropriate complementary feeding in relation to dietary adequacy and anthropometric status[J]. Mal J Nutr, 2023, 29(3): 501-517., articleTitle=Validation of selected 2021 infant and young child feeding indicators for appropriate complementary feeding in relation to dietary adequacy and anthropometric status, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1240424359844696890, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240413928535151317, awardId=桂科AB18126056, language=CN, fundingSource=广西科技重点研发计划(桂科AB18126056), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1240424359941165892, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240413928535151317, awardId=Z-B20241363, language=CN, fundingSource=广西卫健委自筹经费科研课题(Z-B20241363), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1240424351573529008, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240413928535151317, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240424351640637875, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240413928535151317, companyId=1240424351573529008, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Liuzhou,Guangxi 545001, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240424351653220788, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240413928535151317, companyId=1240424351573529008, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.柳州市妇幼保健院，广西 柳州 545001)]), AuthorCompany(id=1240424351812604351, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240413928535151317, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240424351829381569, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240413928535151317, companyId=1240424351812604351, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.广西卫健委高龄孕产妇出生队列研究重点实验室，广西 柳州 545001)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1240424358116643593, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240413928535151317, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Prevalence of stunting in infants and young children by age in months , 2017—2023, figureFileSmall=YTZfKinoKBV899oxJzYFGw==, figureFileBig=6+cU6muXIdzzgJ7aDNhpcQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240424358246667028, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240413928535151317, language=CN, label=图1, caption=2017—2023年不同月龄婴幼儿生长迟缓率, figureFileSmall=YTZfKinoKBV899oxJzYFGw==, figureFileBig=6+cU6muXIdzzgJ7aDNhpcQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240424358372496153, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240413928535151317, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Prevalence of stunting in infants and young children with various characteristics by age in months, 2017—2023 ［n（%），（）］

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量总体6～11月龄12～23月龄
人数(%)χ2值人数(%)χ2值人数(%)χ2值
母亲民族26.339a14.512b16.786b
汉族68(5.14)9(2.32)59(6.32)
壮族31(5.22)5(2.60)26(6.47)
苗族81(9.90)22(7.36)59(11.37)
侗族98(9.12)27(6.80)71(10.49)
其他27(7.36)7(5.19)20(8.62)
母亲年龄(岁)2.321d1.212d2.642d
<2566(8.59)17(5.88)49(10.23)
25～34161(7.05)34(4.40)127(8.41)
≥3578(6.94)19(5.44)59(7.61)
母亲学历27.071a21.988a15.654a
文盲/小学74(10.65)28(10.45)46(10.77)
初中194(7.61)33(4.05)161(9.28)
高中/中专及以上37(3.97)9(2.75)28(4.65)
母亲职业16.423b5.771d13.646b
家务178(9.03)44(6.20)134(10.63)
农林牧渔水利业生产人员48(5.82)13(4.81)35(6.31)
其他79(5.73)13(3.02)66(6.96)
父亲民族19.676b8.581d15.455b
汉族78(5.55)13(3.04)65(6.64)
壮族21(4.70)4(3.05)17(5.38)
苗族75(9.08)21(6.89)54(10.36)
侗族105(8.90)27(6.19)78(10.48)
其他25(8.14)4(3.70)21(10.55)
父亲年龄(岁)1.937d1.186d2.135d
<2532(8.99)9(6.38)23(10.70)
25～34154(7.26)32(4.39)122(8.76)
≥35118(6.99)28(5.21)90(7.82)
父亲学历26.435a14.335b8.540c
文盲/小学56(10.22)21(10.00)35(10.36)
初中201(7.47)37(4.32)164(8.94)
高中/中专及以上43(4.68)11(3.24)32(5.54)
父亲职业43.702a9.680b33.558a
家务109(10.89)20(5.67)89(13.73)
农林牧渔水利业生产人员93(7.63)30(7.11)63(7.90)
其他98(5.06)19(3.01)79(6.05)
主要看护人3.496d1.006d4.236c
父母272(7.61)66(5.14)206(9.00)
其他33(5.47)4(3.13)29(6.11)
喂养与营养知识得分2.60±1.262.63±1.262.59±1.25
胎数6.389c2.622d3.404d
单胎284(7.10)65(4.77)219(8.31)
多胎17(12.78)4(10.53)13(13.68)
出生体重与胎龄100.188a28.887a78.973a
早产41(18.22)14(16.09)27(19.57)
足月SGA75(15.00)12(7.45)63(18.58)
足月非SGA186(5.47)43(3.73)143(6.36)
儿童性别25.867a13.281a14.835a
男207(9.20)53(6.88)154(10.41)
女98(5.09)17(2.65)81(6.31)
儿童年龄(月)17.298a
6～1170(4.96)——
12～23235(8.50)——
吃母乳0.269d0.348d0.054d
是117(7.05)55(5.15)62(10.46)
否188(7.48)15(4.36)173(7.97)
MDD0.175d0.096d0.197d
达到203(7.43)40(5.12)163(8.35)
未达到102(7.07)30(4.76)72(8.87)
MMF12.695a1.971d11.323b
达到229(6.65)53(4.58)176(7.69)
未达到76(10.43)17(6.69)59(12.42)
MAD1.274d0.492d0.430d
达到160(7.11)31(4.55)129(8.23)
未达到145(7.58)39(5.36)106(8.94)
EFF0.540d0.163d<0.001d
达到279(4.70)55(4.85)224(8.50)
未达到26(6.40)15(5.43)11(8.46)
ZVF2.486d0.030d0.730d
是36(5.79)17(4.79)19(7.12)
否269(7.57)53(5.02)216(8.65)
服用营养包4.657d0.044d10.106b
是201(6.77)46(5.05)155(7.52)
否104(8.65)24(4.80)80(11.40)
), ArticleFig(id=1240424358477353764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240413928535151317, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

2017—2023年不同月龄婴幼儿生长迟缓发生特征［n（%），（）］

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量总体6～11月龄12～23月龄
人数(%)χ2值人数(%)χ2值人数(%)χ2值
母亲民族26.339a14.512b16.786b
汉族68(5.14)9(2.32)59(6.32)
壮族31(5.22)5(2.60)26(6.47)
苗族81(9.90)22(7.36)59(11.37)
侗族98(9.12)27(6.80)71(10.49)
其他27(7.36)7(5.19)20(8.62)
母亲年龄(岁)2.321d1.212d2.642d
<2566(8.59)17(5.88)49(10.23)
25～34161(7.05)34(4.40)127(8.41)
≥3578(6.94)19(5.44)59(7.61)
母亲学历27.071a21.988a15.654a
文盲/小学74(10.65)28(10.45)46(10.77)
初中194(7.61)33(4.05)161(9.28)
高中/中专及以上37(3.97)9(2.75)28(4.65)
母亲职业16.423b5.771d13.646b
家务178(9.03)44(6.20)134(10.63)
农林牧渔水利业生产人员48(5.82)13(4.81)35(6.31)
其他79(5.73)13(3.02)66(6.96)
父亲民族19.676b8.581d15.455b
汉族78(5.55)13(3.04)65(6.64)
壮族21(4.70)4(3.05)17(5.38)
苗族75(9.08)21(6.89)54(10.36)
侗族105(8.90)27(6.19)78(10.48)
其他25(8.14)4(3.70)21(10.55)
父亲年龄(岁)1.937d1.186d2.135d
<2532(8.99)9(6.38)23(10.70)
25～34154(7.26)32(4.39)122(8.76)
≥35118(6.99)28(5.21)90(7.82)
父亲学历26.435a14.335b8.540c
文盲/小学56(10.22)21(10.00)35(10.36)
初中201(7.47)37(4.32)164(8.94)
高中/中专及以上43(4.68)11(3.24)32(5.54)
父亲职业43.702a9.680b33.558a
家务109(10.89)20(5.67)89(13.73)
农林牧渔水利业生产人员93(7.63)30(7.11)63(7.90)
其他98(5.06)19(3.01)79(6.05)
主要看护人3.496d1.006d4.236c
父母272(7.61)66(5.14)206(9.00)
其他33(5.47)4(3.13)29(6.11)
喂养与营养知识得分2.60±1.262.63±1.262.59±1.25
胎数6.389c2.622d3.404d
单胎284(7.10)65(4.77)219(8.31)
多胎17(12.78)4(10.53)13(13.68)
出生体重与胎龄100.188a28.887a78.973a
早产41(18.22)14(16.09)27(19.57)
足月SGA75(15.00)12(7.45)63(18.58)
足月非SGA186(5.47)43(3.73)143(6.36)
儿童性别25.867a13.281a14.835a
男207(9.20)53(6.88)154(10.41)
女98(5.09)17(2.65)81(6.31)
儿童年龄(月)17.298a
6～1170(4.96)——
12～23235(8.50)——
吃母乳0.269d0.348d0.054d
是117(7.05)55(5.15)62(10.46)
否188(7.48)15(4.36)173(7.97)
MDD0.175d0.096d0.197d
达到203(7.43)40(5.12)163(8.35)
未达到102(7.07)30(4.76)72(8.87)
MMF12.695a1.971d11.323b
达到229(6.65)53(4.58)176(7.69)
未达到76(10.43)17(6.69)59(12.42)
MAD1.274d0.492d0.430d
达到160(7.11)31(4.55)129(8.23)
未达到145(7.58)39(5.36)106(8.94)
EFF0.540d0.163d<0.001d
达到279(4.70)55(4.85)224(8.50)
未达到26(6.40)15(5.43)11(8.46)
ZVF2.486d0.030d0.730d
是36(5.79)17(4.79)19(7.12)
否269(7.57)53(5.02)216(8.65)
服用营养包4.657d0.044d10.106b
是201(6.77)46(5.05)155(7.52)
否104(8.65)24(4.80)80(11.40)
), ArticleFig(id=1240424358569628456, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240413928535151317, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Multiple logistic regression analysis of stunting in infants and young children by age in months, 2017—2023

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量总体6～11月龄12～23月龄
OR值(95%CI)P值OR值(95%CI)P值OR值(95%CI)P值
母亲民族(ref=汉族)
壮族1.14(0.73～1.79)0.570————
苗族1.63(1.13～2.37)0.009
侗族1.74(1.24～2.44)0.001
其他1.27(0.78～2.08)0.342————
母亲学历(ref=高中/中专及以上)
文盲/小学1.94(1.22～3.08)0.0054.09(1.87～8.99)<0.0011.76(1.03～3.01)0.038
初中1.64(1.10～2.44)0.0151.57(0.74～3.35)0.2411.79(1.14～2.81)0.012
母亲职业(ref=家务)
农林牧渔水利业生产人员0.57(0.37～0.87)0.010——0.58(0.35～0.98)0.042
其他1.36(0.89～2.06)0.151——1.57(0.98～2.50)0.060
父亲职业(ref=家务)
农林牧渔水利业生产人员0.88(0.60～1.28)0.505——0.70(0.45～1.11)0.128
其他0.45(0.30～0.68)<0.0010.38(0.24～0.60)<0.001
家长喂养与营养知识得分0.78(0.70～0.86)<0.001——0.74(0.66～0.83)<0.001
出生体重与胎龄(ref=足月非SGA)
早产4.27(2.89～6.30)<0.0015.14(2.63～10.05)<0.0013.72(2.31～5.97)<0.001
足月SGA3.04(2.25～4.09)<0.0012.17(1.10～4.25)0.0253.29(2.35～4.59)<0.001
儿童性别(ref=女)
男1.96(1.51～2.55)<0.0012.60(1.48～4.59)0.0011.77(1.32～2.37)<0.001
儿童年龄(月)(ref=6～11)
12～231.93(1.45～2.57)<0.001————
MMF(ref=达到)
未达到1.45(1.08～1.95)0.013——1.58(1.13～2.21)0.008
), ArticleFig(id=1240424358661903149, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240413928535151317, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

2017—2023年不同月龄婴幼儿生长迟缓多因素logistic回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量总体6～11月龄12～23月龄
OR值(95%CI)P值OR值(95%CI)P值OR值(95%CI)P值
母亲民族(ref=汉族)
壮族1.14(0.73～1.79)0.570————
苗族1.63(1.13～2.37)0.009
侗族1.74(1.24～2.44)0.001
其他1.27(0.78～2.08)0.342————
母亲学历(ref=高中/中专及以上)
文盲/小学1.94(1.22～3.08)0.0054.09(1.87～8.99)<0.0011.76(1.03～3.01)0.038
初中1.64(1.10～2.44)0.0151.57(0.74～3.35)0.2411.79(1.14～2.81)0.012
母亲职业(ref=家务)
农林牧渔水利业生产人员0.57(0.37～0.87)0.010——0.58(0.35～0.98)0.042
其他1.36(0.89～2.06)0.151——1.57(0.98～2.50)0.060
父亲职业(ref=家务)
农林牧渔水利业生产人员0.88(0.60～1.28)0.505——0.70(0.45～1.11)0.128
其他0.45(0.30～0.68)<0.0010.38(0.24～0.60)<0.001
家长喂养与营养知识得分0.78(0.70～0.86)<0.001——0.74(0.66～0.83)<0.001
出生体重与胎龄(ref=足月非SGA)
早产4.27(2.89～6.30)<0.0015.14(2.63～10.05)<0.0013.72(2.31～5.97)<0.001
足月SGA3.04(2.25～4.09)<0.0012.17(1.10～4.25)0.0253.29(2.35～4.59)<0.001
儿童性别(ref=女)
男1.96(1.51～2.55)<0.0012.60(1.48～4.59)0.0011.77(1.32～2.37)<0.001
儿童年龄(月)(ref=6～11)
12～231.93(1.45～2.57)<0.001————
MMF(ref=达到)
未达到1.45(1.08～1.95)0.013——1.58(1.13～2.21)0.008
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2017—2023年柳州市农村地区6～23月龄婴幼儿生长迟缓率变化趋势及影响因素分析
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胡敏 1 , 刘柳 1 , 张玉 1, 2 , 曾婷 1, 2 , 周州 1 , 农铮 1 , 覃单浩 1 , 关海滨 1 , 曾定元 1, 2
现代预防医学 | 儿少卫生与妇幼保健 2025,52(15): 2769-2774
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现代预防医学 | 儿少卫生与妇幼保健 2025, 52(15): 2769-2774
2017—2023年柳州市农村地区6～23月龄婴幼儿生长迟缓率变化趋势及影响因素分析
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胡敏1, 刘柳1, 张玉1, 2, 曾婷1, 2, 周州1, 农铮1, 覃单浩1, 关海滨1, 曾定元1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.柳州市妇幼保健院，广西 柳州 545001
  • 2.广西卫健委高龄孕产妇出生队列研究重点实验室，广西 柳州 545001

    • 胡敏（1984—），女，硕士，副主任医师，研究方向：儿童群体保健

通讯作者:

曾定元，E-mail:
Recent trends and influencing factors of stunting among infants and young children aged 6-23 months in rural areas of Liuzhou from 2017 to 2023
Min HU1, Liu LIU1, Yu ZHANG1, 2, Ting ZENG1, 2, Zhou ZHOU1, Zheng NONG1, Dan-hao QIN1, Hai-bin GUAN1, Ding-yuan ZENG1, 2
Affiliations
  • Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Liuzhou,Guangxi 545001, China
出版时间: 2025-08-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501052
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摘要
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目的

分析2017—2023年柳州市农村地区6～23月龄婴幼儿生长迟缓率变化趋势及影响因素，为早期预防和干预提供依据。

方法

对柳州市儿童营养改善项目2017—2023年监测调查的4 175名婴幼儿数据进行回顾性分析，根据2021年世界卫生组织和联合国儿童基金会婴幼儿喂养评价指标分析婴幼儿喂养状况，用趋势χ2检验分析生长迟缓率的时间变化趋势，用logistic回归分析生长迟缓的影响因素。

结果

2017—2023年柳州市农村地区6～23月龄婴幼儿生长迟缓率从11.52%降至3.85%（χ2趋势=41.914，P<0.001）。多因素logistic回归分析显示：母亲苗族（OR= 1.63，95%CI：1.13～2.37）、侗族（OR=1.74，95%CI：1.24～2.44）、初中及以下学历（文盲/小学OR=1.94，95%CI：1.22～3.08；初中OR=1.64，95%CI：1.10～2.44）、早产（OR=4.27，95%CI：2.89～6.30）、足月小于胎龄儿（OR=3.04，95%CI：2.25～4.09）、男童（OR=1.96，95%CI：1.51～2.55）、12～23月龄（OR=1.93，95%CI：1.45～2.57）、未达到最低膳食摄入频率（OR=1.45，95%CI：1.08～1.95）是婴幼儿生长迟缓的危险因素。母亲职业农业（OR=0.57，95%CI：0.37～0.87）、父亲职业非农（OR=0.45，95%CI：0.30～0.68）、喂养与营养知识得分（OR=0.78，95%CI：0.70～0.86）是婴幼儿生长迟缓的保护因素。

结论

2017—2023年柳州市农村地区6～23月龄婴幼儿生长迟缓率呈下降趋势，但仍高于全国平均水平。关注早产、足月小于胎龄儿、少数民族及低学历母亲，改善婴幼儿辅食喂养以降低生长迟缓发生率。

婴幼儿  /  生长迟缓  /  影响因素  /  最低膳食摄入频率
Objective

To analyze the trend and influencing factors of stunting among infants and young children (IYC) aged 6-23 months in rural areas of Liuzhou from 2017 to 2023, to provide evidence for early prevention and intervention for stunting.

Methods

Children nutrition improvement projects monitoring survey data of 4 175 IYC in Liuzhou between 2017 and 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. Complementary feeding practices were assessed using WHO/UNICEF 2021 IYC feeding indicators. The trend of stunting prevalence was analyzed by χ2 trend test, and the risk factors of stunting were analyzed by logistic regression analysis.

Results

The prevalence of stunting in the IYC in rural Liuzhou decreased from 11.52% in 2017 to 3.85% in 2023 (χ2trend=41.914, P<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that mothers of Miao ethnicity (OR=1.63, 95%CI: 1.13-2.37), mothers of Dong ethnicity (OR=1.74, 95% CI: 1.24-2.44), middle school and below education (primary school or below: OR=1.94, 95% CI: 1.22-3.08; middle school: OR=1.64, 95% CI: 1.10-2.44), preterm birth (OR=4.27,95% CI: 2.89-6.30), term SGA (OR=3.04, 95% CI: 2.25-4.09), boys (OR=1.96, 95% CI: 1.51-2.55), aged 12-23 months (OR=1.93, 95% CI: 1.45-2.57) , unmet minimum meal frequency (OR=1.45, 95% CI: 1.08-1.95) were risk factors for stunting.Mother's occupation as agriculture (OR=0.57, 95% CI: 0.37-0.87), father's occupation as non-agriculture (OR=0.45, 95% CI:0.30-0.68), feeding and nutrition knowledge scores (OR=0.78, 95% CI: 0.70-0.86) were protective factors.

Conclusion

The prevalence of stunting among IYC aged 6-23 months in rural areas of Liuzhou showed a decreasing trend from 2017 to 2023,but was higher than the national average level. Attention needs to be paid to preterm births, term SGA, mothers from ethnic minorities or with low educational level, and complementary feeding practices for IYC, in order to reduce the incidence of stunting.

Infants and young children  /  Stunting  /  Risk factors  /  Minimum meal frequency
胡敏, 刘柳, 张玉, 曾婷, 周州, 农铮, 覃单浩, 关海滨, 曾定元. 2017—2023年柳州市农村地区6～23月龄婴幼儿生长迟缓率变化趋势及影响因素分析. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (15) : 2769 -2774 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501052
Min HU, Liu LIU, Yu ZHANG, Ting ZENG, Zhou ZHOU, Zheng NONG, Dan-hao QIN, Hai-bin GUAN, Ding-yuan ZENG. Recent trends and influencing factors of stunting among infants and young children aged 6-23 months in rural areas of Liuzhou from 2017 to 2023[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (15) : 2769 -2774 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501052
正文
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2023年发布的儿童营养不良联合估计显示，2022年全球有1.481亿5岁以下儿童生长迟缓。生长迟缓影响儿童的体格生长、认知发育以及成年后的慢性疾病风险和收入水平，减损社会经济生产力[1]。婴幼儿喂养做法直接影响2岁以下儿童的健康、发育和营养状况，世界卫生组织（WHO）和联合国儿童基金会（UNICEF）推荐使用婴幼儿喂养评价指标来评估婴幼儿喂养实践[2]。全球大多数6～23月龄婴幼儿没有按照全球建议喂养，贫困国家和地区的婴幼儿面临的危机更大[3-4]。过去二十年我国儿童营养状况显著改善，但地区、城乡差异仍存在，婴幼儿喂养状况尤其是农村地区仍不理想[5-6]。目前婴幼儿喂养评价指标与生长迟缓关系的研究结果仍存在争议。本研究利用2017—2023年柳州市儿童营养改善项目监测数据，分析柳州市农村地区6～23月龄婴幼儿生长迟缓率变化趋势及影响因素，探讨婴幼儿喂养指标与生长迟缓的关系，为制定干预策略降低农村地区婴幼儿生长迟缓风险提供相关依据。
1　对象与方法
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1.1　对象
数据来自柳州市儿童营养改善项目2017基线调查和2020—2023年监测评估，项目覆盖柳州市融安县、融水苗族自治县和三江侗族自治县。采用多阶段抽样、按规模大小成比例的概率抽样（PPS）和随机等距抽样相结合的方法进行样本抽选，每县抽取5个乡（镇），每乡（镇）抽取3～5个村，每村随机抽取12～20名6～23月龄婴幼儿为监测对象。本研究经柳州市妇幼保健院医学伦理委员会批准（批号：快审-科研-2024-033）。
1.2　方法
从项目数据库提取婴幼儿个人和家庭、辅食喂养等数据进行分析。调查数据分别来自儿童出生基本情况调查表、家长喂养和营养知识调查表、儿童24 h食物调查表、儿童体检表。
1.3　定义及判断标准
采用2006年WHO儿童生长标准，测量身高（长）低于同年龄标准人群身高（长）中位数减2个标准差为生长迟缓。早产为出生胎龄小于37周（≤259 d）。采用中国新生儿生长标准[7]，小于胎龄（small for gestational age，SGA）指出生体重低于同胎龄平均出生体重P10。
1.4　辅食喂养评价指标
2021年WHO和UNICEF新婴幼儿喂养评价指标[2]共包括17项推荐的2岁以下婴幼儿喂养指标，本文主要利用如下5个指标：最低膳食多样性（minimum dietary diversity，MDD）、最低膳食摄入频率（minimum meal frequency，MMF）、最低可接受膳食（minimum acceptable diet，MAD）、蛋类和/或肉类摄入（egg and/or flesh food consumption，EFF）、蔬菜或水果零摄入（zero vegetable or fruit consumption，ZVF），定义及计算方法见参考文献2。
1.5　质量控制
对现场调查人员进行统一培训，调查结束后审核人员对调查问卷进行审核，发现问题及时复核和纠正。调查数据通过Epidata（2017年）、桂妇儿健康服务信息管理系统（2020—2023年）进行双录入，两次信息录入完全一致方可提交。
1.6　统计学方法
采用SPSS 24. 0软件分析数据。计量资料以（）表示；计数资料以例数（%）表示，组间比较采用χ2检验；采用趋势χ2检验分析生长迟缓率随年份变化趋势；单因素logistic回归分析P<0.05的变量纳入多因素logistic回归分析。双侧检验，检验水准α=0.05。
2　结果
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2.1　一般情况
共调查4 478名婴幼儿，剔除不合格问卷后共4 175名婴幼儿纳入研究。母亲汉族占31.66%；年龄25岁以下、35岁及以上分别占18.40%、26.92%；学历以初中为主，占61.05%；家务占47.21%。父亲汉族占33.68%；年龄25岁以下、35岁及以上分别占8.53%、40.43%；初中学历占64.43%；家务占23.98%。父母为主要看护人占85.56%，喂养与营养知识平均分为（2.60±1.26）。多胎占3.19%，早产占5.39%，足月SGA占11.98%。男童占53.89%，6～11月龄占33.80%。母乳喂养率为39.76%，6～8月龄婴幼儿辅食添加率为92.55%，达到MDD、MMF和MAD的比例分别为65.46%、82.54%和53.87%，EFF、ZVF的比例分别为90.28%和14.90%，71.16%服用营养包。
2.2　生长迟缓发生特征
2017—2023年柳州市农村地区6～23月龄婴幼儿生长迟缓305例，生长迟缓率为7.31%，7年间生长迟缓率呈下降趋势（χ2趋势=41.914，P<0.001），从11.52%降至3.85%。6～11月龄和12～23月龄儿童生长迟缓率均呈下降趋势（χ2趋势=14.534、29.909，均P<0.001），其中6～11月龄儿童生长迟缓率降幅最大。汉族父母的婴幼儿生长迟缓率低于苗族、侗族；生长迟缓率随父母学历增加而下降；父母家务的生长迟缓率高于就业；多胎的生长迟缓率高于单胎，早产、足月SGA的生长迟缓率高于足月非SGA；生长迟缓率男童高于女童，12～23月龄高于6～11月龄；未达MMF的生长迟缓率高于达者。见图1、表1。
2.3　生长迟缓相关因素分析结果
单因素logistic回归分析显示：父母民族、学历、职业、喂养与营养知识得分、胎数、出生体重与胎龄、儿童性别、年龄、MMF、营养包服用情况均与生长迟缓相关。将上述因素纳入多因素logistic回归分析显示：母亲苗族、侗族、初中及以下学历、早产、足月SGA、男童、12～23月龄、未达到MMF与生长迟缓正相关。母亲职业农业、父亲职业非农、喂养与营养知识得分与生长迟缓负相关。12～23月龄儿童生长迟缓也有类似的风险，但未发现母亲民族与生长迟缓相关；而6～11月龄儿童生长迟缓的危险因素是母亲文盲/小学学历、早产、足月SGA、男童。见表2。
3　讨论
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本研究对2017—2023年柳州市儿童营养改善项目监测资料进行分析，结果显示柳州市农村地区6～23月龄婴幼儿生长迟缓率为7.31%，7年间生长迟缓率从11.52%下降至3.85%。Huo等[8]报道2016—2021年我国儿童营养改善项目地区6～23月龄婴幼儿生长迟缓率从7.5%降至4.1%，柳州市农村地区婴幼儿生长迟缓率高于全国水平，与我国发达地区婴幼儿生长迟缓率（0.9%）[9]差距较远，仍需重视婴幼儿生长迟缓防控工作。
本研究发现，母亲学历高、父母就业、喂养与营养知识得分高的婴幼儿生长迟缓风险降低，他们更可能有经济能力保障家庭食物与营养安全，更好的利用医疗保健服务资源，更可能遵循推荐的喂养指南[8,10-11]。本研究显示，婴幼儿生长迟缓率存在民族差异，苗族、侗族母亲的婴幼儿生长迟缓风险分别是汉族的1.63、1.74倍。王睿乾、Wei等[12-13]报道藏族、彝族、维吾尔族、回族等少数民族儿童生长迟缓的风险高于汉族。可能受不同民族的遗传、经济、居住地特征、生活风俗习惯、医疗保健服务情况等因素的影响，需进一步研究民族不平等现象的驱动因素。
本研究发现，早产、足月SGA生长迟缓的风险分别是足月非SGA的4.27和3.04倍。小型脆弱新生儿（早产儿、LBW、SGA）身长/身高的生长轨迹低于足月SGA，在儿童期相对于同龄人更轻和更矮[14]，儿童生长迟缓的早期干预应从妊娠期开始。既往研究表明，男童生长迟缓风险高于女童[8,15]，本研究也支持这一观点。关于性别差异发生原因的证据有限，但社会、环境和遗传因素的复杂相互作用可能是差异的基础[16]。本研究中12～23月龄婴幼儿生长迟缓风险高于6～11月龄，与Huo[8]、Derseh[17]等的报道一致。生长迟缓是一种长期发展的长期状况，一旦发生就很难逆转，预防和减少生长迟缓需要早期干预。
有研究报道婴幼儿喂养指标（MDD、MMF、MAD）与儿童生长迟缓密切相关[17-18]。本研究中，未达到MMF的婴幼儿生长迟缓风险是达到者的1.45倍，其他喂养指标未显示与婴幼儿生长迟缓相关联。喂养频率反映了能量摄入，达到MMF增加了满足能量需求的可能性。即使达到MMF的儿童也会能量摄入不足，可能与能量密度低、少量、种类有限的食物摄入有关[19]。Addae等[15]的研究未发现婴幼儿喂养指标与生长迟缓相关，生长迟缓反映长期营养不良，喂养指标只评价过去24 h内的食物摄入量，不一定反映长期饮食模式，可能对预测慢性营养不良不敏感。婴幼儿喂养指标与儿童生长迟缓之间关系的研究结果仍然不一致，但不意味着婴幼儿喂养对儿童生长和健康并不重要，纵向研究可能会探索更准确的关联。
本研究通过对2017—2023年柳州市儿童营养改善项目监测资料的回顾性分析，探讨了农村地区6～23月龄婴幼儿生长迟缓率的变化趋势和影响因素，为制定针对性干预措施降低生长迟缓发生风险和改善儿童健康提供了参考依据。儿童生长迟缓受多种因素影响，遗传因素、饮食与生活方式、疾病因素等民族差异仍需进一步研究。
基金
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  • 广西科技重点研发计划(桂科AB18126056)
  • 广西卫健委自筹经费科研课题(Z-B20241363)
文献
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参考文献 引证文献
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2025年第52卷第15期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501052
  • 接收时间：2025-01-05
  • 首发时间：2026-03-16
  • 出版时间：2025-08-10
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  • 收稿日期：2025-01-05
基金
广西科技重点研发计划(桂科AB18126056)
广西卫健委自筹经费科研课题(Z-B20241363)
作者信息
    1.柳州市妇幼保健院，广西 柳州 545001
    2.广西卫健委高龄孕产妇出生队列研究重点实验室，广西 柳州 545001

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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