Article(id=1240413926333149503, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240413921266429979, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202412526, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1735488000000, receivedDateStr=2024-12-30, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773667325814, onlineDateStr=2026-03-16, pubDate=1754755200000, pubDateStr=2025-08-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773667325814, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-16, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773667325814, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773667325814, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240413921266429979, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='15', pageStart='2689', pageEnd='2880', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1773667324606, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773667356299, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1240414054267802325, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240413921266429979, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1240414054267802326, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240413921266429979, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2815, endPage=2821, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240413926576419162, articleId=1240413926333149503, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Interaction between tobacco dependence level and depression on health-related quality of life among current smokers, columnId=1228016572451718132, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Health and Social Behavior, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To analyze the independent effects and interaction of tobacco dependence level and depression on health related quality of life (HRQoL) among current smokers.

Methods

The data was from the 2021 “Psychology and Behavior Investigation of Chinese Residents” (RBICR) and a total of 1 399 cases were included in the analysis. Tobacco dependence level, depression, and HRQoL were assessed using the fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence scale, the patient health questionnaire-9 and the European five-dimensional five-level health scale. Mplus 7.0 and R software were used for analyses.

Results

The latent class analysis supported low and high level tobacco dependence level, with mean health utility value of 1.00(0.95, 1.00) and 1.00(0.89, 1.00), respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (Z=-5.521, P<0.001). The mean health utility values of the depressed and non-depressed groups were 1.00(0.84, 1.00), 1.00(0.95, 1.00), and the difference was statistically significant (Z=-7.580, P<0.001). Tobit regression analysis found that tobacco dependence level (β=-0.030, 95% CI:-0.043~-0.018) and depression(β=-0.068, 95%CI: -0.083~-0.053) were negatively associated with health utility value. Interaction analysis found no multiplicative interactions between tobacco dependence level and depression on HRQoL (OR=1.039, 95% CI: 0.589-1.831). There was a additive interaction between tobacco dependence level and depression on HRQoL, with high levels of tobacco dependence and depression co-existing at a higher risk of unhealthiness than the two factors alone(RERI=1.411, 95% CI: 0.055-2.767), and the synergistic effect was 1.464 times greater than the sum of the effects of the two factors alone(SI=1.464, 95% CI: 0.990-2.163), and the proportion of all unhealthy smokers attributable to high levels of tobacco dependence with a synergistic effect of depression was 25.87%(AP=25.87%, 95% CI: 3.91%-47.82%). Sensitivity analysis found that AP and SI index increased.

Conclusion

Tobacco dependence level and depression were negatively associated with HRQoL, and there was an additive interaction on HRQoL. Reducing tobacco dependence level among current smokers, developing targeted smoking cessation interventions and preventing depressive symptoms are important for improving current smokers’ HRQoL.

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目的

分析烟草依赖程度、抑郁对吸烟者健康相关生命质量(health-related quality of life,HRQoL)独立影响和交互作用。

方法

数据来自2021年“中国居民心理与行为调查研究”,共纳入1 399例现在吸烟者进行分析。使用法式烟草依赖评估量表、患者健康问卷-9、欧洲五维健康量表评估吸烟者的烟草依赖程度、抑郁水平和HRQoL。使用Mplus 7.0软件、R软件进行统计分析。

结果

潜在类别分析支持低水平和高水平烟草依赖分类,健康效应值平均水平分别为1.00(0.95, 1.00)、1.00(0.89, 1.00),差异有统计学意义(Z=-5.521,P<0.001)。抑郁组与非抑郁组的健康效应值平均水平为1.00(0.84, 1.00)、1.00(0.95, 1.00),差异有统计学意义(Z=-7.580,P<0.001)。Tobit回归分析发现,烟草依赖程度(β=-0.030,95%CI:-0.043~-0.018)、抑郁(β=-0.068,95%CI:-0.083~-0.053)与健康效应值呈负相关。交互作用分析发现,烟草依赖程度和抑郁对HRQoL不存在相乘交互作用(OR=1.039,95%CI:0.589~1.831)。烟草依赖程度和抑郁对HRQoL存在相加交互作用,高水平烟草依赖和抑郁同时存在时,不健康的风险高于两因素单独存在(RERI=1.411,95%CI:0.055~2.767),协同效应是两因素单独存在效应之和的1.464倍(SI=1.464,95%CI:0.990~2.163),在全部不健康的吸烟者中,可归因于高水平烟草依赖且抑郁协同作用的比例占25.87%(AP=25.87%,95%CI:3.91%~47.82%)。敏感性分析发现,归因百分比和协同指数增加。

结论

烟草依赖程度、抑郁与HRQoL负相关,对HRQoL存在相加交互作用。降低吸烟者的烟草依赖程度,制定针对性的戒烟干预措施,防止抑郁症状的发生,对于提高吸烟者的HRQoL具有重要意义。

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周波,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=xhHL/XlvL+Y9BzbbPZe3ww==, magXml=Pgn4t/2pjr5+npQMmJA1kw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=6/ATf1E020KX1wZDA7e78w==, pdfFileSize=894533, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=3XZ5d2gkPlcmb5nYIbCuyw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=U0E0Y3j3ZE2rWk507KxQzA==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

黄晓冰(2001—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:慢性病等信息化研究

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J Behav Med, 2023,46(4): 668-679., articleTitle=Underlying patterns of the co-occurrence of tobacco use and mental health among youth, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1240424357202293546, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240413926333149503, awardId=广西科技厅:AD17195086, language=CN, fundingSource=广西科技基地和人才专项“广西医学创新人才培养示范基地建设”(广西科技厅:AD17195086), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1240424348901765537, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240413926333149503, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240424348910154144, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240413926333149503, companyId=1240424348901765537, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Information and Management, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240424348922737057, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240413926333149503, companyId=1240424348901765537, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.广西医科大学信息与管理学院,广西 南宁 530021)]), AuthorCompany(id=1240424349056954794, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240413926333149503, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240424349065343404, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240413926333149503, companyId=1240424349056954794, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.广西医科大学继续教育学院,广西 南宁 530021)]), AuthorCompany(id=1240424349161812408, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240413926333149503, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240424349170201015, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240413926333149503, companyId=1240424349161812408, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.广西省南宁市卫生健康委员会)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1240424354262086344, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240413926333149503, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Conditional probability plot of entries for binary classification, figureFileSmall=SsfDFWjoXQQkFJasR/w9kQ==, figureFileBig=oC6gABQy86xcS6N4NLTAkg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240424355772035793, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240413926333149503, language=CN, label=图1, caption=二分类的条目条件概率图, figureFileSmall=SsfDFWjoXQQkFJasR/w9kQ==, figureFileBig=oC6gABQy86xcS6N4NLTAkg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240424355910447833, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240413926333149503, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Basic characteristics and score of health utility values among current smokers (n=1 399)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量调查数(例)构成比(%)健康效用值[MP25P75)]统计值P
性别Z=-2.5480.011
1 28591.851.00(0.94, 1.00)
1148.151.00(0.89, 1.00)
年龄(岁)H=49.152<0.001
≤4060643.321.00(0.95, 1.00)
41~5042530.381.00(0.95, 1.00)
51~5920314.511.00(0.94, 1.00)
≥6016511.790.95(0.84, 1.00)**
受教育程度H=15.7520.001
小学及以下17812.721.00(0.89, 1.00)
初中25318.081.00(0.95, 1.00)**
高中28820.591.00(0.94, 1.00)**
大专及以上68048.611.00(0.95, 1.00)**
婚姻状态
已婚1 03173.701.00(0.94, 1.00)Z=-2.2350.025
其他36826.301.00(0.94, 1.00)
职业H=34.198<0.001
学生1369.721.00(0.95, 1.00)
在职76954.971.00(0.95, 1.00)**
退休1107.860.98(0.86, 1.00)
其他38427.451.00(0.93, 1.00)
常住地Z=-0.9430.346
城市96368.831.00(0.94, 1.00)
农村43631.171.00(0.94, 1.00)
户籍类型Z=-1.2780.201
非农业户口77955.681.00(0.94, 1.00)
农业户口62044.321.00(0.94, 1.00)
家庭人均月收入(元)H=22.949<0.001
≤3 00038527.521.00(0.89, 1.00)
3 001~6 00053938.531.00(0.95, 1.00)**
≥6 00147533.951.00(0.95, 1.00)**
子女数量(个)H=18.072<0.001
039127.951.00(0.95, 1.00)
149935.671.00(0.94, 1.00)
238827.731.00(0.94, 1.00)

3
1218.651.00(0.88, 1.00)**
独居Z=-0.9270.354
1 20185.851.00(0.94, 1.00)
19814.151.00(0.94, 1.00)

Z=-0.1050.916
25218.011.00(0.94, 1.00)
1 14781.991.00(0.94, 1.00)
高血压Z=-7.145<0.001
1 17784.131.00(0.95, 1.00)
22215.870.95(0.89, 1.00)
糖尿病Z=-4.791<0.001
1 35396.711.00(0.94, 1.00)
463.290.94(0.82, 1.00)
血脂异常Z=-3.317<0.001
1 32494.641.00(0.94, 1.00)
755.360.95(0.89, 1.00)
慢性阻塞性肺部疾病Z=-0.7480.454
1 39599.711.00(0.94, 1.00)
40.290.97(0.76, 1.00)
哮喘Z=-2.7650.006
1 38899.211.00(0.94, 1.00)
110.790.89(0.70, 1.00)
BMI(kg/m2H=2.1900.335
<23.9984060.041.00(0.95, 1.00)
24~27.9945832.741.00(0.94, 1.00)
≥281017.221.00(0.94, 1.00)
烟草依赖程度Z=-5.521<0.001
82859.191.00(0.95, 1.00)
57140.811.00(0.89, 1.00)
抑郁症状Z=-7.580<0.001
1 07676.911.00(0.95, 1.00)
32323.091.00(0.84, 1.00)
), ArticleFig(id=1240424356032082658, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240413926333149503, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

吸烟者基本特征及健康效用值评分(n=1 399例)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量调查数(例)构成比(%)健康效用值[MP25P75)]统计值P
性别Z=-2.5480.011
1 28591.851.00(0.94, 1.00)
1148.151.00(0.89, 1.00)
年龄(岁)H=49.152<0.001
≤4060643.321.00(0.95, 1.00)
41~5042530.381.00(0.95, 1.00)
51~5920314.511.00(0.94, 1.00)
≥6016511.790.95(0.84, 1.00)**
受教育程度H=15.7520.001
小学及以下17812.721.00(0.89, 1.00)
初中25318.081.00(0.95, 1.00)**
高中28820.591.00(0.94, 1.00)**
大专及以上68048.611.00(0.95, 1.00)**
婚姻状态
已婚1 03173.701.00(0.94, 1.00)Z=-2.2350.025
其他36826.301.00(0.94, 1.00)
职业H=34.198<0.001
学生1369.721.00(0.95, 1.00)
在职76954.971.00(0.95, 1.00)**
退休1107.860.98(0.86, 1.00)
其他38427.451.00(0.93, 1.00)
常住地Z=-0.9430.346
城市96368.831.00(0.94, 1.00)
农村43631.171.00(0.94, 1.00)
户籍类型Z=-1.2780.201
非农业户口77955.681.00(0.94, 1.00)
农业户口62044.321.00(0.94, 1.00)
家庭人均月收入(元)H=22.949<0.001
≤3 00038527.521.00(0.89, 1.00)
3 001~6 00053938.531.00(0.95, 1.00)**
≥6 00147533.951.00(0.95, 1.00)**
子女数量(个)H=18.072<0.001
039127.951.00(0.95, 1.00)
149935.671.00(0.94, 1.00)
238827.731.00(0.94, 1.00)

3
1218.651.00(0.88, 1.00)**
独居Z=-0.9270.354
1 20185.851.00(0.94, 1.00)
19814.151.00(0.94, 1.00)

Z=-0.1050.916
25218.011.00(0.94, 1.00)
1 14781.991.00(0.94, 1.00)
高血压Z=-7.145<0.001
1 17784.131.00(0.95, 1.00)
22215.870.95(0.89, 1.00)
糖尿病Z=-4.791<0.001
1 35396.711.00(0.94, 1.00)
463.290.94(0.82, 1.00)
血脂异常Z=-3.317<0.001
1 32494.641.00(0.94, 1.00)
755.360.95(0.89, 1.00)
慢性阻塞性肺部疾病Z=-0.7480.454
1 39599.711.00(0.94, 1.00)
40.290.97(0.76, 1.00)
哮喘Z=-2.7650.006
1 38899.211.00(0.94, 1.00)
110.790.89(0.70, 1.00)
BMI(kg/m2H=2.1900.335
<23.9984060.041.00(0.95, 1.00)
24~27.9945832.741.00(0.94, 1.00)
≥281017.221.00(0.94, 1.00)
烟草依赖程度Z=-5.521<0.001
82859.191.00(0.95, 1.00)
57140.811.00(0.89, 1.00)
抑郁症状Z=-7.580<0.001
1 07676.911.00(0.95, 1.00)
32323.091.00(0.84, 1.00)
), ArticleFig(id=1240424356153717483, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240413926333149503, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Latent class analysis for nicotine dependence level

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模型LLAICBICaBICEntropyBLRTVLMR类别概率
1-5 980.25511 980.51112 032.94612 001.180
2-5 575.5411 193.08111 303.19411 236.4850.862<0.001<0.0010.59/0.41
3-5 546.37511 156.75011 324.54311 222.8910.6040.2410.2350.54/0.21/0.24
4-5 527.2711 140.54111 366.01211 229.4170.6410.1440.1410.25/0.14/0.15/0.46
), ArticleFig(id=1240424356308906742, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240413926333149503, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

烟草依赖程度的潜在类别分析拟合情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模型LLAICBICaBICEntropyBLRTVLMR类别概率
1-5 980.25511 980.51112 032.94612 001.180
2-5 575.5411 193.08111 303.19411 236.4850.862<0.001<0.0010.59/0.41
3-5 546.37511 156.75011 324.54311 222.8910.6040.2410.2350.54/0.21/0.24
4-5 527.2711 140.54111 366.01211 229.4170.6410.1440.1410.25/0.14/0.15/0.46
), ArticleFig(id=1240424356422152956, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240413926333149503, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Influencing factors of HRQoL among current smokers by Tobit regression analysis

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量标准误ZP β(95%CI
截距0.01661.389<0.0010.959(0.929~0.990)
性别
男(对照组)
0.012-3.3780.001-0.039(-0.062~-0.016)
年龄(岁)
≤40(对照组)
41~500.009-0.6750.500-0.006(-0.030~0.011)
51~590.0110.0980.9220.001(-0.020~0.022)
≥600.015-2.0760.038-0.030(-0.059~-0.002)
受教育程度
小学及以下(对照组)
初中0.0121.3240.1860.016(-0.007~0.039)
高中0.012-0.3600.719-0.004(-0.028~0.019)
大专及以上0.012-0.1410.888-0.002(-0.025~0.022)
婚姻状态
已婚(对照组)
其他0.0112.1650.0300.023(0.002~0.044)
职业
学生(对照组)
在职0.0130.6380.5230.008(-0.017~0.033)
退休0.019-1.4540.146-0.028(-0.065~0.010)
其他0.0140.7640.4450.010(-0.016~0.037)
子女数量(个)
0(对照组)
10.012-0.7400.459-0.009(-0.031~0.014)
20.012-1.1950.232-0.015(-0.039~0.009)
≥30.015-4.027<0.001-0.061(-0.091~-0.032)
家庭人均月收入(元)
≤3 000(对照组)
3 001~6 0000.0082.8520.0040.024(0.007~0.040)
≥6 0010.0093.0240.0020.027(0.010~0.045)
高血压
否(对照组)
0.009-2.7120.007-0.025(-0.044~-0.007)
糖尿病
否(对照组)
0.018-1.7940.073-0.033(-0.068~0.003)
血脂异常
否(对照组)
0.014-2.3150.021-0.033(-0.061~-0.005)
哮喘
否(对照组)
0.036-1.4670.142-0.053(-0.123~0.018)
抑郁症状
否(对照组)
0.008-8.846<0.001-0.068(-0.083~-0.053)
烟草依赖程度
否(对照组)
0.006-4.681<0.001-0.030(-0.043~-0.018)
Log(Sigma)0.019-114.001<0.001-2.158(-2.195~-2.121)
), ArticleFig(id=1240424356522816256, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240413926333149503, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

现在吸烟者HRQoL影响因素的Tobit回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量标准误ZP β(95%CI
截距0.01661.389<0.0010.959(0.929~0.990)
性别
男(对照组)
0.012-3.3780.001-0.039(-0.062~-0.016)
年龄(岁)
≤40(对照组)
41~500.009-0.6750.500-0.006(-0.030~0.011)
51~590.0110.0980.9220.001(-0.020~0.022)
≥600.015-2.0760.038-0.030(-0.059~-0.002)
受教育程度
小学及以下(对照组)
初中0.0121.3240.1860.016(-0.007~0.039)
高中0.012-0.3600.719-0.004(-0.028~0.019)
大专及以上0.012-0.1410.888-0.002(-0.025~0.022)
婚姻状态
已婚(对照组)
其他0.0112.1650.0300.023(0.002~0.044)
职业
学生(对照组)
在职0.0130.6380.5230.008(-0.017~0.033)
退休0.019-1.4540.146-0.028(-0.065~0.010)
其他0.0140.7640.4450.010(-0.016~0.037)
子女数量(个)
0(对照组)
10.012-0.7400.459-0.009(-0.031~0.014)
20.012-1.1950.232-0.015(-0.039~0.009)
≥30.015-4.027<0.001-0.061(-0.091~-0.032)
家庭人均月收入(元)
≤3 000(对照组)
3 001~6 0000.0082.8520.0040.024(0.007~0.040)
≥6 0010.0093.0240.0020.027(0.010~0.045)
高血压
否(对照组)
0.009-2.7120.007-0.025(-0.044~-0.007)
糖尿病
否(对照组)
0.018-1.7940.073-0.033(-0.068~0.003)
血脂异常
否(对照组)
0.014-2.3150.021-0.033(-0.061~-0.005)
哮喘
否(对照组)
0.036-1.4670.142-0.053(-0.123~0.018)
抑郁症状
否(对照组)
0.008-8.846<0.001-0.068(-0.083~-0.053)
烟草依赖程度
否(对照组)
0.006-4.681<0.001-0.030(-0.043~-0.018)
Log(Sigma)0.019-114.001<0.001-2.158(-2.195~-2.121)
), ArticleFig(id=1240424356644451080, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240413926333149503, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Multiplicative interaction of nicotine dependence and depression on HROoL

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量βWalds χ2OR(95% CIP
模型1
烟草依赖程度0.3830.2571.4951.468 (0.887~2.428)0.135
抑郁1.2740.1797.1283.575 (2.519~5.075)<0.001
烟草依赖程度×抑郁0.0380.2890.1331.039 (0.589~1.831)0.894
模型2
烟草依赖程度0.4010.3221.2471.494 (0.795~2.806)0.212
抑郁1.3460.2236.0473.843 (2.484~5.945)<0.001
烟草依赖程度×抑郁0.1510.3600.4181.163 (0.574~2.355)0.676
), ArticleFig(id=1240424356778668816, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240413926333149503, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

烟草依赖程度与抑郁对HRQoL的相乘交互作用

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量βWalds χ2OR(95% CIP
模型1
烟草依赖程度0.3830.2571.4951.468 (0.887~2.428)0.135
抑郁1.2740.1797.1283.575 (2.519~5.075)<0.001
烟草依赖程度×抑郁0.0380.2890.1331.039 (0.589~1.831)0.894
模型2
烟草依赖程度0.4010.3221.2471.494 (0.795~2.806)0.212
抑郁1.3460.2236.0473.843 (2.484~5.945)<0.001
烟草依赖程度×抑郁0.1510.3600.4181.163 (0.574~2.355)0.676
), ArticleFig(id=1240424356866749208, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240413926333149503, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Additive interaction of nicotine dependence level and depression on HRQoL

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量烟草依赖水平抑郁βWalds χ2OR(95% CIP
模型1
001.000
011.2740.1797.1283.575 (2.518~5.077)<0.001
100.3840.2571.4951.468 (0.8875~2.429)0.135
111.6960.1829.3425.454 (3.820~7.789)<0.001
RERI1.411 (0.055~2.767)
AP(%)25.87 (3.91~47.82)a
SI1.464 (0.990~2.163)
模型2
001.000
011.3460.2236.0473.842 (2.483~5.948)<0.001
100.4010.3221.2471.493 (0.794~2.808)0.212
111.8980.2288.3436.673 (4.270~10.429)<0.001
RERI2.337 (0.351~4.323)
AP(%)35.02 (11.70~58.34)a
SI1.700 (1.071~2.700)a
), ArticleFig(id=1240424356984189728, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240413926333149503, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

烟草依赖程度与抑郁对HRQoL的相加交互作用

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量烟草依赖水平抑郁βWalds χ2OR(95% CIP
模型1
001.000
011.2740.1797.1283.575 (2.518~5.077)<0.001
100.3840.2571.4951.468 (0.8875~2.429)0.135
111.6960.1829.3425.454 (3.820~7.789)<0.001
RERI1.411 (0.055~2.767)
AP(%)25.87 (3.91~47.82)a
SI1.464 (0.990~2.163)
模型2
001.000
011.3460.2236.0473.842 (2.483~5.948)<0.001
100.4010.3221.2471.493 (0.794~2.808)0.212
111.8980.2288.3436.673 (4.270~10.429)<0.001
RERI2.337 (0.351~4.323)
AP(%)35.02 (11.70~58.34)a
SI1.700 (1.071~2.700)a
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烟草依赖程度与抑郁对吸烟者健康相关生命质量的交互作用分析
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黄晓冰 1 , 周波 2 , 邱羽琪 3 , 李鑫 1
现代预防医学 | 健康与社会行为 2025,52(15): 2815-2821
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现代预防医学 | 健康与社会行为 2025, 52(15): 2815-2821
烟草依赖程度与抑郁对吸烟者健康相关生命质量的交互作用分析
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黄晓冰1, 周波2 , 邱羽琪3, 李鑫1
作者信息
  • 1.广西医科大学信息与管理学院,广西 南宁 530021
  • 2.广西医科大学继续教育学院,广西 南宁 530021
  • 3.广西省南宁市卫生健康委员会
  • 黄晓冰(2001—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:慢性病等信息化研究

通讯作者:

周波,E-mail:
Interaction between tobacco dependence level and depression on health-related quality of life among current smokers
Xiao-bing HUANG1, Bo ZHOU2 , Yu-qi QIU3, Xin LI1
Affiliations
  • School of Information and Management, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
出版时间: 2025-08-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202412526
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目的

分析烟草依赖程度、抑郁对吸烟者健康相关生命质量(health-related quality of life,HRQoL)独立影响和交互作用。

方法

数据来自2021年“中国居民心理与行为调查研究”,共纳入1 399例现在吸烟者进行分析。使用法式烟草依赖评估量表、患者健康问卷-9、欧洲五维健康量表评估吸烟者的烟草依赖程度、抑郁水平和HRQoL。使用Mplus 7.0软件、R软件进行统计分析。

结果

潜在类别分析支持低水平和高水平烟草依赖分类,健康效应值平均水平分别为1.00(0.95, 1.00)、1.00(0.89, 1.00),差异有统计学意义(Z=-5.521,P<0.001)。抑郁组与非抑郁组的健康效应值平均水平为1.00(0.84, 1.00)、1.00(0.95, 1.00),差异有统计学意义(Z=-7.580,P<0.001)。Tobit回归分析发现,烟草依赖程度(β=-0.030,95%CI:-0.043~-0.018)、抑郁(β=-0.068,95%CI:-0.083~-0.053)与健康效应值呈负相关。交互作用分析发现,烟草依赖程度和抑郁对HRQoL不存在相乘交互作用(OR=1.039,95%CI:0.589~1.831)。烟草依赖程度和抑郁对HRQoL存在相加交互作用,高水平烟草依赖和抑郁同时存在时,不健康的风险高于两因素单独存在(RERI=1.411,95%CI:0.055~2.767),协同效应是两因素单独存在效应之和的1.464倍(SI=1.464,95%CI:0.990~2.163),在全部不健康的吸烟者中,可归因于高水平烟草依赖且抑郁协同作用的比例占25.87%(AP=25.87%,95%CI:3.91%~47.82%)。敏感性分析发现,归因百分比和协同指数增加。

结论

烟草依赖程度、抑郁与HRQoL负相关,对HRQoL存在相加交互作用。降低吸烟者的烟草依赖程度,制定针对性的戒烟干预措施,防止抑郁症状的发生,对于提高吸烟者的HRQoL具有重要意义。

烟草依赖  /  抑郁  /  吸烟者  /  健康相关生命质量  /  潜在类别分析  /  交互作用分析
Objective

To analyze the independent effects and interaction of tobacco dependence level and depression on health related quality of life (HRQoL) among current smokers.

Methods

The data was from the 2021 “Psychology and Behavior Investigation of Chinese Residents” (RBICR) and a total of 1 399 cases were included in the analysis. Tobacco dependence level, depression, and HRQoL were assessed using the fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence scale, the patient health questionnaire-9 and the European five-dimensional five-level health scale. Mplus 7.0 and R software were used for analyses.

Results

The latent class analysis supported low and high level tobacco dependence level, with mean health utility value of 1.00(0.95, 1.00) and 1.00(0.89, 1.00), respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (Z=-5.521, P<0.001). The mean health utility values of the depressed and non-depressed groups were 1.00(0.84, 1.00), 1.00(0.95, 1.00), and the difference was statistically significant (Z=-7.580, P<0.001). Tobit regression analysis found that tobacco dependence level (β=-0.030, 95% CI:-0.043~-0.018) and depression(β=-0.068, 95%CI: -0.083~-0.053) were negatively associated with health utility value. Interaction analysis found no multiplicative interactions between tobacco dependence level and depression on HRQoL (OR=1.039, 95% CI: 0.589-1.831). There was a additive interaction between tobacco dependence level and depression on HRQoL, with high levels of tobacco dependence and depression co-existing at a higher risk of unhealthiness than the two factors alone(RERI=1.411, 95% CI: 0.055-2.767), and the synergistic effect was 1.464 times greater than the sum of the effects of the two factors alone(SI=1.464, 95% CI: 0.990-2.163), and the proportion of all unhealthy smokers attributable to high levels of tobacco dependence with a synergistic effect of depression was 25.87%(AP=25.87%, 95% CI: 3.91%-47.82%). Sensitivity analysis found that AP and SI index increased.

Conclusion

Tobacco dependence level and depression were negatively associated with HRQoL, and there was an additive interaction on HRQoL. Reducing tobacco dependence level among current smokers, developing targeted smoking cessation interventions and preventing depressive symptoms are important for improving current smokers’ HRQoL.

Tobacco dependence  /  Depression  /  smokers  /  Health-related quality of life  /  Interaction analysis
黄晓冰, 周波, 邱羽琪, 李鑫. 烟草依赖程度与抑郁对吸烟者健康相关生命质量的交互作用分析. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (15) : 2815 -2821 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202412526
Xiao-bing HUANG, Bo ZHOU, Yu-qi QIU, Xin LI. Interaction between tobacco dependence level and depression on health-related quality of life among current smokers[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (15) : 2815 -2821 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202412526
烟草危害是全球范围内的重大公共卫生问题,每年约有800万人因使用烟草而导致死亡[1]。烟草依赖是一种被忽视的慢性病[2]。我国40岁以上人群重度烟草依赖率为31.1%[3]。吸烟者中被诊断抑郁的概率约为21.00%[4]。烟草依赖的吸烟者,抑郁的状况更严重[5]。研究表明,吸烟与健康相关生命质量(health- related quality of life,HRQoL)负相关,不吸烟者或戒烟者的HRQoL评分高于长期吸烟者[6]。目前,关于HRQoL的研究主要集中在慢性病、共病患者或老年人[7-8],关于吸烟者的HRQoL的研究较少。吸烟/烟草依赖和抑郁能对HRQoL产生直接或间接影响[9-12],但是,当吸烟者烟草依赖和抑郁共存时,对HRQoL的影响研究较少。基于此,本文利用2021年“中国居民心理与行为调查研究”调查数据,分析烟草依赖程度和抑郁对吸烟者HRQoL的独立影响和交互作用,为调整戒烟措施提供参考依据。
本文所使用的数据来自2021年“中国居民心理与行为调查研究”。该数据可通过在线申请进行使用(https://www.x-mol.com/groups/pbicr)。选取1 399例现在吸烟者进行分析。
使用法式烟草依赖评估量表评估现在吸烟者的烟草依赖程度。该量表共包括6个条目,根据调查对象的回答进行评分。本文使用潜在类别分析对吸烟者的烟草依赖程度进行分类。采用最大似然估计法,结合赤池信息准则(Akaike information criterion,AIC)、熵(Entropy)等指标进行评价[13]。当熵>0.8时,模型准确度在90%以上。罗-蒙代尔-鲁本校正似然比(BLRT)的概率小于0.05,说明K的类别的分类优于K-1个类别。该量表的Cronbach α系数为0.750。
使用患者健康问卷-9评估吸烟者的抑郁情况,该量表共包括9个条目,使用4级评分法,包括“从来没有(0分)”到“接近每天(3分)”。该量表总分27分,评分>10分定义为检出抑郁症状[11]。该量表的 Cronbach α系数为0.957 。
采用欧洲五维健康量表评估老年人的HRQoL。该量表由五个维度组成:活动能力、自我保健、日常活动、疼痛或不舒服和焦虑或沮丧,每个维度包含“没有问题”到“非常严重问题”五个类别。如,调查对象在五个维度均存在“非常严重问题”,健康量表状态则是“55555”。在Luo等[14]建立的健康效应值积分体系中,可获得每种健康状态的健康效应值,范围在-0.391~1.000。在进行交互作用分析时,将健康效应值转变成二分类变量,健康效应值小于1定义为“不健康”,等于1定义为“健康”。该量表的 Cronbach α系数为0.792。
(1)吸烟/饮酒:指调查30 d内仍有吸烟/饮酒行为;(2)慢性病:共有16种,具体可参考在线网页介绍;(3)身体质量指数(body mass index,BMI),BMI[15]=体重(kg)/身高的二次方(m2)。
使用R4.4.1、Mplus 7. 0软件进行统计分析。健康效应值因不符合正态分布,用[MP25P75)]表示,二分类变量差异使用Mann-Whitney U检验,多分类变量差异使用Kruskal-Wallis H检验并进行两两比较;Spearman系数分析烟草依赖、抑郁和健康效应值的关系。Tobit回归分析HRQoL的影响因素并对变量之间的共线性进行诊断。采用logistic回归分析烟草依赖程度与抑郁对HRQoL相乘或相加交互作用,并计算超额相对危险度(relative excess risk due to interaction,RERI)、交互作用归因百分比(attributable proportion due to interaction, AP)、协同指数(synergy index, SI)估计值和95%的置信区间,当烟草依赖程度与抑郁对HRQoL有相加交互作用时,RERIAP的可信区间(CI)应大于0,SI的可信区间应大于1[16]。排除慢性病患者,进行敏感性分析。检验水准α=0.05。
纳入现在吸烟者1 399例,男性1 285例,占91.85%,健康效应值平均水平为0.93(0.94, 1.00)。不同性别、年龄、受教育程度、婚姻状态、职业、家庭人均月收入、子女数量以及是否患高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常、哮喘的吸烟者,健康效应值差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。见表1
潜在类别分析支持将烟草依赖程度分为二分类,见表2。第一类828例,命名为“低水平烟草依赖”,健康效应值为1.00(0.95, 1.00);第二类571例,命名为“高水平烟草依赖”,健康效应值为1.00(0.89, 1.00),差异有统计学意义(Z=-5.521,P<0.001)。见表1图1。Spearman相关性分析发现,烟草依赖评分与健康效应值呈负相关(rs=-0180,P<0.001)。
研究对象的抑郁评分平均水平为5.00(1.00,9.00)分。抑郁组、非抑郁组的的健康效应值平均水平分别为1.00(0.84, 1.00)、1.00(0.95, 1.00),差异有统计学意义(Z=-7.580,P<0.001),见表1。Spearman相关性分析发现,抑郁评分与健康效应值呈负相关(rs=-0.280,P<0.001)。
将性别、年龄等变量及烟草依赖程度、抑郁作为自变量,健康效应值作为因变量,使用Tobit回归分析烟草依赖程度、抑郁与健康效应值的相关性。分析发现,所有变量的方差膨胀因子均小于5,容忍度均小于1,各变量间不存在共线性。烟草依赖程度(β=-0.030,95%CI:-0.043~-0.018)、抑郁(β=-0.068,95%CI:-0.083~-0.053)与健康效应值负相关。见表3
以是否健康为因变量(0=健康,1=不健康),以烟草依赖程度(0=低水平,1=高水平)、抑郁(0=否,1=是)、烟草依赖程度×抑郁为自变量,同时调整混杂因素,进行多因素logistic回归分析。分析发现,烟草依赖程度和抑郁对健康不存在相乘交互作用(OR=1.039,95%CI:0.589~1.831)。敏感性分析的结果与模型1结果类似。见表4
将烟草依赖程度(0=低水平,1=高水平)、抑郁(0=否,1=是)转变成哑变量纳入回归模型,调整混杂因素,高水平烟草依赖和抑郁同时存在时,不健康的风险是低水平烟草依赖且不抑郁调查对象的5.454倍(OR=5.454,95%CI:3.820~7.789)。两因素同时存在时,不健康的风险高于两因素单独存在(RERI=1.411,95%CI:0.055~2.767);协同效应是两因素单独存在的1.464倍(SI=1.464,95%CI:0.990~2.163);在全部不健康的吸烟者中,可归因于两因素协同作用的比例占25.87%(AP=25.87%,95%CI:3.91%~47.82%)。敏感性分析发现,AP和SI指数均增加。见表5
潜在类别分析是一种新的混合类型分类方法,分类优于聚类分析。分析发现,高水平的烟草依赖HRQoL评分较低。Tobit回归分析显示,烟草依赖与HRQoL呈负相关,与既往研究类似[17]。烟草依赖可通过影响个体的认知及情感功能,影响调查对象对问卷条目的理解,减少其主观幸福感,进而降低HRQoL[18]。而较低的HRQoL可能会造成其尼古丁依赖程度加重[11]。烟草依赖者更容易产生精神问题[11]及心肺功能障碍[19],也会造成较低的HRQoL。
分析发现,抑郁与吸烟者的HRQoL呈负相关。抑郁症作为中国常见的精神疾病,患者更容易吸烟并产生烟草依赖[11]。精神分裂症共病烟草依赖的患病率在58%~88%之间[20],烟草依赖能降低精神分裂症患者的血药浓度,影响治疗效果[21]。与非抑郁患者相比,抑郁症状的个体对HRQoL的满意度较低[22]。长期吸烟,尼古丁会影响大脑情绪的神经递质发生变化[23],还会导致下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺系统紊乱和皮质醇分泌水平高,引起神经生物系统功能障碍,导致抑郁[24]。烟草依赖与抑郁之间相互影响,互为因果[11]
交互作用分析发现,尼古丁依赖与抑郁对HRQoL不存在相乘交互作用。相加交互作用分析发现,现在吸烟者中,可归因于高水平烟草依赖且抑郁协同作用的比例占25.87%。RERI、SI同样提示高水平烟草依赖且抑郁存在相加交互作用,但指标不具有统计学意义(P>0.05)。排除患有慢性病的患者进行敏感性分析,AP和SI增加。提示,根据吸烟者的烟草依赖水平,制定针对性的戒烟干预措施,同时,降低吸烟者的烟草依赖程度,防止抑郁情绪产生,对提高吸烟者的健康相关生命质量具有积极作用。
研究的局限性:(1)研究为横断面调查,不能确定烟草依赖程度、抑郁与HRQoL的因果关系;(2)研究结果是调查对象自报的,可能存在报告偏倚;(3)由于该研究本身并不是针对吸烟者开展的调查,慢性阻塞性肺病、哮喘、慢性病等都是调查对象自报的,可能会低估慢性病对HRQoL产生影响。
综上所述,烟草依赖程度、抑郁与HRQoL负相关,烟草依赖程度和抑郁对HRQoL存在相加交互作用,在吸烟者中降低烟草依赖程度,制定针对性的戒烟干预措施,防止抑郁症状的发生,对于提高吸烟者的健康相关生命质量具有重要意义。
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202412526
  • 接收时间:2024-12-30
  • 首发时间:2026-03-16
  • 出版时间:2025-08-10
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  • 收稿日期:2024-12-30
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广西科技基地和人才专项“广西医学创新人才培养示范基地建设”(广西科技厅:AD17195086)
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    1.广西医科大学信息与管理学院,广西 南宁 530021
    2.广西医科大学继续教育学院,广西 南宁 530021
    3.广西省南宁市卫生健康委员会

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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属数
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genus
种数
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species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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