Article(id=1240413924533792913, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240413921266429979, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202503426, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1742659200000, receivedDateStr=2025-03-23, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773667325385, onlineDateStr=2026-03-16, pubDate=1754755200000, pubDateStr=2025-08-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773667325385, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-16, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773667325385, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773667325385, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240413921266429979, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='15', pageStart='2689', pageEnd='2880', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1773667324606, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773667356299, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1240414054267802325, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240413921266429979, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1240414054267802326, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240413921266429979, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2731, endPage=2736, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240413924730925218, articleId=1240413924533792913, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Comparative analysis of inflammatory bowel disease burden among females in China and globally from 1990 to 2021, columnId=1240413921954295836, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Epidemiology and Statistical Methods, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

Analyze the disease burden of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in females in China and globally to provide reference for the prevention and control of IBD in females.

Methods

The data on IBD in females in China and globally were extracted from the most recent update of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study available as of 2021. Age-standardized incidence rates (ASIR), age-standardized prevalence rates (ASPR), age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR), and age-standardized DALYs rates (ASDR) were calculated. Joinpoint analysis was used to estimate the annual percentage change (APC) and the average annual percentage change (AAPC).

Results

From 1990 to 2021, the ASIR and ASPR of IBD among Chinese females showed upward trends, with AAPC of 2.1% and 1.55%, respectively. Meanwhile, ASMR and ASDR exhibited downward trends, with AAPC values of -3.45% and -3.67%, respectively. Globally, the ASIR of IBD in females increased at an AAPC of 0.17%, while ASPR, ASMR, and ASDR all demonstrated downward trends, with AAPC of -0.25%, -0.53%, and-0.58%, respectively.

Conclusion

Chinese females exhibit significantly higher growth rates in IBD incidence and prevalence compared to global female averages, while demonstrating more pronounced declines in mortality and DALYs burden than global female averages. Although current disease burden remains lower than the global average, the rapid escalation highlights substantial health threats.

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目的

分析中国及全球女性炎症性肠病(inflammatory bowel disease,IBD)的疾病负担,为女性IBD防控提供参考借鉴。

方法

中国与全球女性IBD数据提取自GBD 2021数据库,计算年龄标化发病率(age-standardized incidence,ASIR)、年龄标准化患病率(age-standardized prevalence,ASPR)、年龄标化死亡率(age-standardized mortality rate,ASMR)和年龄标化伤残调整寿命年率(age-standardized disability-adjusted life years rate,ASDR)。运用joinpoint计算年度变化百分比(annual percentage change,APC)和平均年度变化百分比(average annual percentage change,AAPC)。

结果

1990—2021年,中国女性IBD的ASIR与ASPR均呈上升趋势,AAPC分别为2.1%和1.55%,ASMR与ASDR均呈下降趋势,AAPC分别为-3.45%和-3.67%;全球女性IBD的ASIR呈上升趋势,AAPC为0.17%,ASPR、ASMR与ASDR均呈下降趋势,AAPC分别为-0.25%、-0.53%、-0.58%。

结论

中国女性IBD发病率与患病率增速远超全球女性平均水平,而死亡和伤残调整寿命年(DALYs)负担下降较全球女性平均水平显著。尽管中国女性IBD疾病负担低于全球女性均值,但其快速上升的趋势提示中国女性仍面临较重的疾病威胁。

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石荣,E-mail:
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刘慧敏(1997—),女,博士在读,研究方向:中医外科-肛肠病学

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刘慧敏(1997—),女,博士在读,研究方向:中医外科-肛肠病学

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刘慧敏(1997—),女,博士在读,研究方向:中医外科-肛肠病学

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Changes in the IBD burden among females in China and globally, 1990—2021(95%UI

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别(95%UI)ASIR(/10万)ASPR(/10万)ASMR(/10万)ASDR(/10万)
中国1990年0.74 (0.64~0.9)5.90 (4.99~7.03)0.74 (0.36~1.03)19.18 (9.09~27.73)
2021年1.41 (1.21~1.69)9.47 (8.05~11.39)0.25 (0.16~0.43)6.23 (4.38~9.44)
变化率(%)90.5460.34-66.22-67.52
全球1990年4.14 (3.66~4.79)49.43 (43.20~57.62)0.58 (0.46~0.68)21.18 (16.65~25.88)
2021年4.38 (3.82~5.11)45.90 (39.71~53.97)0.50 (0.42~0.59)17.75 (15.08~21.23)
变化率(%)5.80-7.15-16.95-16.19
), ArticleFig(id=1240424352945066519, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240413924533792913, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

1990—2021年中国和全球女性IBD疾病负担变化(95%UI

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别(95%UI)ASIR(/10万)ASPR(/10万)ASMR(/10万)ASDR(/10万)
中国1990年0.74 (0.64~0.9)5.90 (4.99~7.03)0.74 (0.36~1.03)19.18 (9.09~27.73)
2021年1.41 (1.21~1.69)9.47 (8.05~11.39)0.25 (0.16~0.43)6.23 (4.38~9.44)
变化率(%)90.5460.34-66.22-67.52
全球1990年4.14 (3.66~4.79)49.43 (43.20~57.62)0.58 (0.46~0.68)21.18 (16.65~25.88)
2021年4.38 (3.82~5.11)45.90 (39.71~53.97)0.50 (0.42~0.59)17.75 (15.08~21.23)
变化率(%)5.80-7.15-16.95-16.19
), ArticleFig(id=1240424353041535518, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240413924533792913, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

AAPCs of ASPR, ASIR, ASMR, and ASDR among females in China and globally(95%CI

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别(%)ASPRASIRASMRASDR
中国1.55 (1.02~2.08)2.10 (1.40~2.80)-3.45 (-3.60~-3.31)-3.67 (-3.89~-3.45)
全球-0.25 (-0.31~-0.18)0.17 (0.05~0.29)-0.53 (-0.74~-0.31)-0.58 (-0.71~-0.45)
), ArticleFig(id=1240424353146393128, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240413924533792913, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

中国、全球女性ASPR、 ASIR 、ASMR和ASDR的AAPC(95%CI

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别(%)ASPRASIRASMRASDR
中国1.55 (1.02~2.08)2.10 (1.40~2.80)-3.45 (-3.60~-3.31)-3.67 (-3.89~-3.45)
全球-0.25 (-0.31~-0.18)0.17 (0.05~0.29)-0.53 (-0.74~-0.31)-0.58 (-0.71~-0.45)
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1990—2021年中国和全球女性炎症性肠病疾病负担对比分析
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刘慧敏 , 王菁 , 黄娟 , 吴许雄 , 汪昭楚 , 卢敏圆 , 石荣
现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2025,52(15): 2731-2736
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现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2025, 52(15): 2731-2736
1990—2021年中国和全球女性炎症性肠病疾病负担对比分析
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刘慧敏, 王菁, 黄娟, 吴许雄, 汪昭楚, 卢敏圆, 石荣
作者信息
  • 福建中医药大学附属人民医院,福建 福州 350004
  • 刘慧敏(1997—),女,博士在读,研究方向:中医外科-肛肠病学

通讯作者:

石荣,E-mail:
Comparative analysis of inflammatory bowel disease burden among females in China and globally from 1990 to 2021
Hui-min LIU, Jing WANG, Juan HUANG, Xu-xiong WU, Zhao-chu WANG, Min-yuan LU, Rong SHI
Affiliations
  • Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated People's Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350004, China
出版时间: 2025-08-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202503426
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目的

分析中国及全球女性炎症性肠病(inflammatory bowel disease,IBD)的疾病负担,为女性IBD防控提供参考借鉴。

方法

中国与全球女性IBD数据提取自GBD 2021数据库,计算年龄标化发病率(age-standardized incidence,ASIR)、年龄标准化患病率(age-standardized prevalence,ASPR)、年龄标化死亡率(age-standardized mortality rate,ASMR)和年龄标化伤残调整寿命年率(age-standardized disability-adjusted life years rate,ASDR)。运用joinpoint计算年度变化百分比(annual percentage change,APC)和平均年度变化百分比(average annual percentage change,AAPC)。

结果

1990—2021年,中国女性IBD的ASIR与ASPR均呈上升趋势,AAPC分别为2.1%和1.55%,ASMR与ASDR均呈下降趋势,AAPC分别为-3.45%和-3.67%;全球女性IBD的ASIR呈上升趋势,AAPC为0.17%,ASPR、ASMR与ASDR均呈下降趋势,AAPC分别为-0.25%、-0.53%、-0.58%。

结论

中国女性IBD发病率与患病率增速远超全球女性平均水平,而死亡和伤残调整寿命年(DALYs)负担下降较全球女性平均水平显著。尽管中国女性IBD疾病负担低于全球女性均值,但其快速上升的趋势提示中国女性仍面临较重的疾病威胁。

炎症性肠病  /  GBD  /  女性  /  疾病负担  /  中国
Objective

Analyze the disease burden of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in females in China and globally to provide reference for the prevention and control of IBD in females.

Methods

The data on IBD in females in China and globally were extracted from the most recent update of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study available as of 2021. Age-standardized incidence rates (ASIR), age-standardized prevalence rates (ASPR), age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR), and age-standardized DALYs rates (ASDR) were calculated. Joinpoint analysis was used to estimate the annual percentage change (APC) and the average annual percentage change (AAPC).

Results

From 1990 to 2021, the ASIR and ASPR of IBD among Chinese females showed upward trends, with AAPC of 2.1% and 1.55%, respectively. Meanwhile, ASMR and ASDR exhibited downward trends, with AAPC values of -3.45% and -3.67%, respectively. Globally, the ASIR of IBD in females increased at an AAPC of 0.17%, while ASPR, ASMR, and ASDR all demonstrated downward trends, with AAPC of -0.25%, -0.53%, and-0.58%, respectively.

Conclusion

Chinese females exhibit significantly higher growth rates in IBD incidence and prevalence compared to global female averages, while demonstrating more pronounced declines in mortality and DALYs burden than global female averages. Although current disease burden remains lower than the global average, the rapid escalation highlights substantial health threats.

Inflammatory bowel disease  /  GBD  /  Female  /  Disease burden  /  China
刘慧敏, 王菁, 黄娟, 吴许雄, 汪昭楚, 卢敏圆, 石荣. 1990—2021年中国和全球女性炎症性肠病疾病负担对比分析. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (15) : 2731 -2736 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202503426
Hui-min LIU, Jing WANG, Juan HUANG, Xu-xiong WU, Zhao-chu WANG, Min-yuan LU, Rong SHI. Comparative analysis of inflammatory bowel disease burden among females in China and globally from 1990 to 2021[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (15) : 2731 -2736 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202503426
炎症性肠病(inflammatory bowel disease,IBD),包括克罗恩病(Crohn disease, CD)和溃疡性结肠炎(ulcerative colitis, UC)[1],因其慢性、复发性和高医疗负担的特点成为威胁全球公共健康的重要疾病之一。IBD曾主要流行于西方发达国家,被认为与人种相关。但随着全球化和工业化进程的推进,亚洲、中东、南美等新兴工业化地区的IBD患病率不断上升,IBD对全球公共健康的威胁持续扩大。1990—2019年中国IBD的发病率和患病率大幅提升,同时,IBD的流行病学特征呈现出明显的性别差异,一项流行病学调查发现,中国女性的年龄标化患病率(age-standardized prevalence,ASPR)的平均年度变化百分比(average annual percentage change,AAPC)为2.71%,年龄标化发病率(age-standardized incidence,ASIR)的AAPC为2.75,分别高于男性的 2.42%和2.33%[2]。这可能与男女间的激素水平差异,使得女性在细胞和体液免疫反应上通常比男性更为强烈,这也意味着女性患上自身免疫性疾病的风险更高[3]。在女性特有的生理阶段如月经、妊娠、围绝经期等往往会出现激素水平剧烈波动,这不仅可能直接影响肠道免疫稳态,还可能与IBD治疗效应产生复杂交互作用。因此,了解中国和全球女性IBD流行病学特征有助于揭示IBD的性别特异性风险因素,有助于推动IBD防治研究向性别差异化方向延伸,优化疾病诊疗思路,推动疾病防控策略科学化、精准化。
本研究所涉及的所有数据均来源于GBD 2021数据库(http://ghdx.healthdata.org)。本研究提取了该数据库中1990—2021年中国和全球女性IBD相关数据,包括以5岁为一个亚组的全年龄段数据,疾病相关指标如患病、发病、死亡、伤残调整寿命年(disability-adjusted life years,DALYs)相关数据。
通过joinpoint软件对中国和全球女性ASPR、ASIR、年龄标化死亡率(age-standardized mortality rate,ASMR)和年龄标化DALYs率(age-standardized DALYs rate,ASDR)进行拐点分析,通过拟合分段线性回归模型,检测时间序列中的显著拐点,并计算其在1990—2021年间的年度变化百分比(annual percentage change,APC)、AAPC和95%置信区间(CI),采用置换检验(permutation test)评估并确定具有统计学意义的连接点数量,并计算出每个连接点的P值。将APC、AAPC值与0对比,大于0表示上升趋势,小于0表示下降趋势,检验水准α=0.05。
1990—2021年中国与全球女性IBD的ASIR均呈增长趋势,中国女性ASIR从0.74/10万增长到1.41/10万,增幅达90.54%,AAPC为2.10%,尤其在2005—2009年增长最为显著,APC为10.03%,并在2009年左右达到峰值后增速逐渐放缓。全球女性ASIR从1990年的4.14 /10万增至2021年的4.38/10万,增幅为5.8%,AAPC为0.17%,其中2005—2010年增速最快,APC为1.71%。32年来,中国女性IBD的ASIR基线水平低于全球女性平均水平。见表1图1
中国女性ASPR从1990年的5.90/10万增长到2021年的9.47/10万,增幅达60.34%,AAPC为1.55%,尤其在2005—2009年出现了较快的增长,APC达10.88%,但在2015—2019年出现了短暂的下降,APC为-8.69%。全球女性ASPR从1990年的49.43 /10万下降至2021年的45.9 /10万,下降了7.15%,AAPC为-0.25%,尤其在2010—2018年出现了较为明显的下降,APC为-1.66%。见图2
1990—2021年中国和全球女性IBD的ASMR均呈下降趋势,分别下降了66.22%和16.95%,中国女性ASMR从1990年的0.74/10万下降至2021年的0.25/10万,AAPC为-3.45%,尤其在2004—2007年出现了显著的下降,APC为-8.60%。全球女性IBD的ASMR从1990年的0.58/10万降至2021年的0.50/10万,AAPC为-0.53%,其中2012—2021年下降最明显,APC为-1.97%。2002年以前中国女性IBD的ASMR高于全球女性平均水平,但从2004年开始全球女性IBD的ASMR反超中国。见表2
1990—2021年中国女性IBD的ASDR从19.18/10万下降至6.23/10万,降幅达67.52%,AAPC为-3.67%,尤其在2000—2004年下降幅度最大,APC为-5.70%。全球女性IBD的ASDR从21.18/10万下降至17.75/10万,降幅为16.19%,AAPC为-0.58%,以2012—2015年下降最为显著,APC为-2.05%。见图2
中国与全球女性IBD的患病率均随年龄增长而升高,且中国女性全年龄段患病率均显著低于全球女性平均水平。全球女性IBD患病率从15~19岁年龄段开始迅速上升,并于60~64岁达到高峰后波动下降。中国女性IBD患病率整体上升趋势较为缓和,在60~64岁达到高峰后缓慢下降。见图3A
中国与全球女性的IBD发病率均随着年龄增长而升高,全球女性IBD在15~19岁后发病率迅速上升,并在60~64岁达到顶峰后下降;中国女性IBD发病率在50~54岁达到顶峰后缓慢下降,中国女性IBD的发病率上升相对缓慢,整体波动幅度较小。见图3B
中国和全球女性IBD死亡率随年龄增长而上升,50岁前均保持在较低水平,50岁以后死亡率迅速攀升,80岁及以上人群死亡率达到最高峰。中国女性死亡率整体低于全球女性平均水平,但在75岁以后死亡率显著上升。见图3C
中国与全球女性IBD的DALYs均随年龄增加而增加,全球女性在55~59岁后DALYs增加显著,并在80岁以后达到顶峰;中国女性DALYs在65~69岁后增幅明显并在80岁以后达到峰值。见图3D
本研究揭示了1990—2021年中国及全球女性IBD流行病学特征的变化及差异,中国女性IBD的发病和患病呈现爆发式增长,ASIR与ASPR分别激增90.54%和60.34%,增速远高于全球女性平均水平。尽管2021年中国女性IBD的ASIR(1.41/10万)与ASPR(9.47/10万)仍显著低于全球女性平均水平,但这种低基线,高增速的现象表明,随着社会经济发展、生活方式西化及IBD诊出率的提升,中国女性人群的IBD疾病负担正逐渐加重,并呈现出与全球女性群体不同的流行病学演变轨迹。
中国女性IBD整体呈现出“低基线-高增长”“高增长-低死亡”的流行病学特征,本质上反映了迅速的社会变革给发展中国家传统疾病模式带来的冲击。根据IBD流行过程的四个阶段来看:出现期、发病加速期、复合流行期和流行平衡期[4],中国正处于“加速发病期”。在经济全球化驱动下,中国正经历快速的社会转型:城市化、工业化进程推进与社会生活方式西化,这些共同构成了IBD流行的新型社会决定因素。工业化不可避免带来环境毒物累积,动物实验表明,环境污染物可显著影响肠道微生物群的组成,如细颗粒物(PM2.5)可以诱导肠道免疫反应,增加肠道通透性,并诱导特定微生物群的生长,破坏肠道微生态平衡[5]。城市化带来的土地硬化率上升及过度卫生化等变化使城市人群尤其是儿童缺乏足够的微生物刺激,从而导致免疫训练不足,而细菌刺激是免疫系统正常发育重要条件[6]。研究观察到,从不发达国家移民到发达国家的人的后代患免疫相关疾病风险上升的现象也支持了环境对免疫系统功能和疾病的影响[7]
快速推进的工业化及城市化进程促进了以中国为首的新兴工业化国家生活方式西化,打破了传统富含膳食纤维的饮食模式。中国的城市化率从1990年的26.41%增至2019年的60.60%[8]。中国人的超加工食品摄入率从1990年的1.5%增长到2019年28.7%[9]。相关研究已证实,超加工食品摄入与IBD发病呈正相关,并可增加IBD相关手术风险[10],一项多中心的前瞻性队列研究也证实摄入更多超加工食品的人群发生IBD的风险也更高[11]。自20世纪80年代以来,中、低收入国家的超加工食品及蛋白质摄入大幅增加,这种食品以低纤维,高脂肪、高糖和高盐为特征[12]。一项健康调查报告指出,从1997—2011年,中国人的总谷类食物占比在总饮食中占比大幅下降,其中大米摄入从345.4 g/d降至254.3 g/d,而肉类摄入量则大幅增加,其中红肉摄入从75.19 g/d增至98.89 g/d[13]。过量的蛋白质摄入会导致肠道菌群失衡及腐败发酵增加,一项关于亚洲人群的荟萃分析发现,高蛋白摄入会增加IBD风险[14]。抗生素滥用也是导致IBD发病率增高的重要因素,中国作为世界上抗生素使用量最大的国家,2013年中国抗生素使用总量是英国的9倍,是美国的6倍[15],抗生素滥用导致肠道菌群紊乱与免疫耐受破坏[16]。从环境暴露时间窗来看,中国在较短的时间内迅速推进了工业化、城市化进程,这使得中国异于西方国家的长期环境暴露带来的疾病累积,这也是中国女性IBD呈现出低基线的特点的重要原因。并且,中国新发病例以中青年为主,中青年群体在快速城市化、密集工业活动中更早暴露于高浓度污染物,导致早期生物损伤累积,但由于暴露-发病的滞后性使得现阶段的疾病负担仍较低。与此同时,医疗可及性提高,内镜技术普及使得疾病诊出率上升,这些因素共同造成了中国女性IBD“低基线-高增速”“高增长-低死亡”的疾病流行模式。
中国女性IBD的流行病学特点进一步印证了环境变化和社会发展对疾病的影响。这提示中国需在防控窗口期前瞻性干预以避免重蹈发达国家“高负担”的困境。在环境诱因方面,政府应推动国民饮食结构优化,加大食品安全监管。如制定肠道健康膳食指南,推广高膳食纤维、低超加工食品的健康饮食模式;加强对环境污染的治理,如重点管控工业废气、废水的排放,严格控制环境污染。在诊疗优化方面,各级医疗机构应当引进并推广先进诊疗技术,提高IBD早期筛查能力,缩短诊断时间窗;推进新药物研发,建立科学且高效的IBD分级诊疗体系,同时搭建现代化的IBD疾病信息管理系统。分级诊疗体系当明确各级诊疗机构在IBD诊疗中的具体职能,如基层医疗机构侧重疾病初步筛查、定期随访等基础工作,二级医院侧重常见病症诊治,三级医院则专注疑难复杂病例处理与科研。通过医疗联合体、远程医疗等方式强化各级医疗机构间的协作。以电子病历系统为基础的现代化IBD疾病信息管理系统,应当详尽记录患者全方位信息并据此建立女性生物银行,开发涵盖女性月经数据、经产次数等性别特异性因子的疾病预测模型,并以此为基础进行大数据分析,对疾病流行趋势、治疗成效、并发症等展开监测,为精准防控与个性化诊疗提供有力的数据支撑。西方发达国家IBD耐药性导致的治疗效果减弱警示我们应当提前布局替代疗法,避免重蹈“创新-耐药-再创新”的高成本循环。中国等发展中国家应当建立“环境预警-基层响应-治疗储备”三级防控体系,实现流行病学转型的跨阶段压缩,逐步建立具有中国特色的IBD低增长、低负担防控模式。
尽管,1990—2021年中国女性IBD的疾病基线水平远低于全球女性平均水平,但其增幅却远超全球女性平均水平,其爆发的增长趋势提示中国女性仍然面临严峻的疾病负担。结合中国庞大的人口基数及逐渐步入老龄化社会的现状,IBD仍将持续对中国女性健康造成巨大威胁。采取有效且科学的干预措施降低IBD对女性健康的影响是以中国为首的发展中国家应当重视的社会问题。
本研究存在一定局限性:一是,数据可靠性受制于GBD数据库的建模方法,例如中国偏远地区的IBD数据可能存在漏报的局限性;二是,本次研究因数据库限制只探究了IBD的疾病负担,未对克罗恩病和溃疡性结肠炎进行细化分析。未来研究需结合真实世界数据校验模型、纳入突发公共卫生事件减少分析偏倚,并进一步就性别差异进行深入分析以优化防控策略。
  • 福建省中医肛肠与肛周创面修复临床医学研究中心(闽科社2022Y2011)
  • 国医大师陈民藩传承工作室建设项目(国中医药办人教函[2022] 245号)
  • 石荣福建省名中医传承工作室建设项目(闽卫中医函[2023] 697号)
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2025年第52卷第15期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202503426
  • 接收时间:2025-03-23
  • 首发时间:2026-03-16
  • 出版时间:2025-08-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-03-23
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福建省中医肛肠与肛周创面修复临床医学研究中心(闽科社2022Y2011)
国医大师陈民藩传承工作室建设项目(国中医药办人教函[2022] 245号)
石荣福建省名中医传承工作室建设项目(闽卫中医函[2023] 697号)
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    福建中医药大学附属人民医院,福建 福州 350004

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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