Article(id=1240413923426496574, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240413921266429979, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501325, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1737129600000, receivedDateStr=2025-01-18, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773667325121, onlineDateStr=2026-03-16, pubDate=1754755200000, pubDateStr=2025-08-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773667325121, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-16, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773667325121, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773667325121, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240413921266429979, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='15', pageStart='2689', pageEnd='2880', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1773667324606, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773667356299, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1240414054267802325, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240413921266429979, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1240414054267802326, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240413921266429979, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2803, endPage=2807, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240413923694932049, articleId=1240413923426496574, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Current status and influencing factors of rehabilitation service utilization among certified persons with disabilities in China, columnId=1240413923615240265, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Health Policy and Managenment, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To examine the utilization and influencing factors of rehabilitation services among certified persons with disabilities in China, providing a basis for meeting the rehabilitation service needs of disabled individuals and enhancing service utilization.

Methods

Using data from the 2023 national survey on the subjective perceptions and evaluations of the status of persons with disabilities and the national database on persons with disabilities, a descriptive analysis and binary logistic regression analysis were conducted to assess factors associated with rehabilitation service use among certified persons with disabilities.

Results

Among 8 667 certified persons with disabilities, 2 244 individuals used rehabilitation services in the past year, with a utilization rate of 25.89%. Among those who used rehabilitation services, 89% used one type of service, while only 11% used two or more types. Multivariate regression analysis showed that middle and higher income levels (OR=1.318,95% CI: 1.158-1.502; OR=1.625, 95% CI: 1.423-1.856), receipt of disability subsidies (OR=1.515, 95% CI: 1.329-1.726),and health insurance (OR=1.395, 95% CI: 0.972-2.003) were significant factors promoting the use of rehabilitation services.Individuals with mental disabilities (OR=3.034, 95% CI: 2.357-3.904) and physical disabilities (OR=1.202, 95% CI: 0.975-1.483) were more likely to use rehabilitation services. Regarding community support, the presence of rehabilitation service stations (OR=1.174, 95% CI: 1.026-1.343), day care centers (OR=1.439, 95% CI: 1.242-1.668), suitable cultural and sports facilities for persons with disabilities (OR=1.323, 95% CI: 1.170-1.496), and accessibility features in public service locations (OR=1.174, 95% CI: 1.036-1.329) positively influenced rehabilitation service utilization.

Conclusion

The utilization of rehabilitation services among persons with disabilities is closely associated with socioeconomic status, type of disability, and supportive community environments.

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目的

了解中国持证残疾人康复服务使用情况及其影响因素,为满足残疾人康复服务需求和提高残疾人康复服务利用水平提供参考依据。

方法

利用2023年全国残疾人保障和发展状况主观感受和评价抽样调查以及全国残疾人基础数据库数据,采用描述性分析和二元logistic回归分析方法分析我国持证残疾人康复服务使用的关联因素。

结果

8 667名持证残疾人中,2 244名残疾人在过去一年使用过康复服务,残疾人在过去一年的康复服务使用率为25.89%,进一步从使用残疾人康复服务群体来看,89%的残疾人使用了一项残疾人康复服务,仅有11%的残疾人使用二项及以上康复服务。多因素回归分析结果显示,中等收入及以上(OR=1.318,95% CI:1.158~1.502;OR=1.625,95% CI:1.423-1.856)、领取残疾人补贴(OR=1.515,95% CI:1.329~1.726)、医疗保险(OR=1.395,95% CI:0.972~2.003)能够促进残疾人康复服务使用。精神残疾(OR=3.034,95% CI:2.357~3.904)和肢体残疾(OR=1.202,95% CI:0.975~1.483)更有可能使用康复服务。从社区环境支持来看,康复服务站(OR=1.174,95% CI:1.026~1.343)、日间照料机构(OR= 1.439,95%CI:1.242~1.668)、建立适合残疾人的文化和体育活动场地(OR=1.323,95% CI:1.170~1.496)以及在社区公共服务场所覆盖无障碍设施(OR=1.174,95% CI:1.036~1.329)是残疾康复服务利用的促进因素。

结论

残疾人康复服务使用与其社会经济状况、残疾类型和社区残疾人支持性环境密切相关。

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张蕾,E-mail:
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周子欣(2000—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:人口学,残疾人社会工作

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International Journal for Quality in Health Care:Journal of the International Society for Quality in Health Care/ISQua,2023, 35(3): mzad054., articleTitle=Effect of China's long-term care insurance on health outcomes of older disabled People: role of institutional care, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240424358091486050, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240413923426496574, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=34, issue=1, pageStart=197, pageEnd=215, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=12, authorNames=Rutherford K, Hiseler L, O’hagan F, journalName=Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Rutherford K, Hiseler L, O’hagan F. Help! I need somebody:Help- Seeking among workers with Self-Reported Work-Related mental disorders[J]. Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation, 2024, 34(1): 197-215., articleTitle=Help! I need somebody:Help- Seeking among workers with Self-Reported Work-Related mental disorders, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240424358204732263, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240413923426496574, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=4, pageStart=88, pageEnd=102, 128, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=13, authorNames=周林刚, 张勇, 吴进进, journalName=中国人口科学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=周林刚, 张勇, 吴进进.残疾人两项补贴政策瞄准偏误研究——基于深圳市的实证分析[J].中国人口科学2022,(4):88-102, 128., articleTitle=残疾人两项补贴政策瞄准偏误研究——基于深圳市的实证分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240424358338949996, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240413923426496574, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=4, pageStart=88, pageEnd=102, 128, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=14, authorNames=Zhou LG, Zhang Y, Wu JJ, journalName=Chinese Journal of Population Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhou LG, Zhang Y, Wu JJ. Study on targeting bias of the two-subsidy policy for persons with disabilities: An empirical analysis based on Shenzhen city[J]. Chinese Journal of Population Science, 2022, (4): 88-102, 128.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Study on targeting bias of the two-subsidy policy for persons with disabilities: An empirical analysis based on Shenzhen city, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240424358456390514, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240413923426496574, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=36, issue=2, pageStart=19, pageEnd=23, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=15, authorNames=唐瑞瑞, 胡龙军, 徐桔密, journalName=医学与社会, refType=null, unstructuredReference=唐瑞瑞,胡龙军,徐桔密,等.上海市标准化残疾人辅助器具服务社建设现状调查[J].医学与社会202336(2):19-23., articleTitle=上海市标准化残疾人辅助器具服务社建设现状调查, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240424358544470904, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240413923426496574, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=36, issue=2, pageStart=19, pageEnd=23, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=16, authorNames=Tang RR, Hu LJ, Xu JM, journalName=Medicine and Society, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Tang RR, Hu LJ, Xu JM, et al. Investigation on status quo of the standard assistive devices agencies construction for the disabled in Shanghai[J].Medicine and Society, 2023, 36(2): 19-23.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Investigation on status quo of the standard assistive devices agencies construction for the disabled in Shanghai, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1240424356493456125, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240413923426496574, awardId=72474012, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金项目(72474012), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1240424351598703110, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240413923426496574, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240424351644840458, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240413923426496574, companyId=1240424351598703110, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Institute of Population Research, Peking University, Beijing 100807, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240424351653229068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240413923426496574, companyId=1240424351598703110, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=北京大学人口研究所,北京 100807)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1240424354354361038, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240413923426496574, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Univariate analysis of disability rehabilitation service utilizationn [n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目全样本未使用康复服务使用康复服务χ2P
年龄(岁)5.770.217
20~34657(7.58)501(76.26)156(23.74)
35~491 596(18.41)1 175(73.62)421(26.38)
50~643 033(34.99)2 276(75.04)757(24.96)
65~792 701(31.16)1 983(73.42)718(26.58)
≥80680(7.85)488(71.76)192(28.24)
性别9.270.002
女性3 534(40.78)2 558(72.38)976(27.62)
男性5 133(59.22)3 865(75.30)1 268(24.70)
户籍0.970.325
城镇1 528(17.62)1 132(74.08)396(25.92)
农村7 139(82.38)5 291(74.11)1 848(25.89)
婚姻状况1.270.530
未婚1 591(18.36)1 165(73.22)426(26.78)
已婚有配偶6 056(69.87)4 509(74.46)1 547(25.54)
离婚/丧偶1 020(11.77)749(73.43)271(26.57)
民族5.090.024
少数民族802(9.25)621(77.43)181(22.57)
汉族7 865(90.75)5 802(73.77)2 063(26.23)
受教育水平11.030.012
未上过学1 095(12.63)775(70.78)320(29.22)
小学3 136(36.18)2 306(73.53)830(26.47)
初中3 362(38.79)2 543(75.64)819(24.36)
高中及以上1 074(12.39)799(74.39)275(25.61)
残疾类型212.45<0.001
听力607(7.00)463(76.28)144(23.72)
多重581(6.70)432(74.35)149(25.65)
智力708(8.17)531(75.00)177(25.00)
精神738(8.52)383(51.90)355(48.10)
肢体4 953(57.15)3 767(76.05)1 186(23.95)
视力937(10.81)731(78.01)206(21.99)
言语143(1.65)116(81.12)27(18.88)
残疾等级72.81<0.001
一级1 211(13.97)887(73.25)324(26.75)
二级2 206(25.45)1 653(74.93)553(25.07)
三级2 607(30.08)1 794(68.81)813(31.19)
四级2 643(30.49)2 089(79.04)554(20.96)
工作状况7.690.006
没有6 592(76.06)4 837(73.38)1 755(26.62)
2 075(23.94)1 586(76.43)489(23.57)
医疗保险5.930.015
未参加214(2.47)174(81.31)40(18.69)
参加8 453(97.53)6 249(73.93)2 204(26.07)
家庭收入46.81<0.001
低收入2 889(33.33)2 260(78.23)629(21.77)
中等收入2 889(33.33)2 130(73.73)759(26.27)
高收入2 889(33.34)2 033(70.37)856(29.63)
残疾人补贴114.82<0.001
没有3 573(41.23)2 863(80.13)710(19.87)
5 094(58.77)3 560(69.89)1 534(30.11)
社区康复站117.71<0.001
没有6 120(70.61)4 737(77.40)1 383(22.60)
2 547(29.39)1 686(66.20)861(33.80)
日间照料机构149.04<0.001
没有6 847(79.00)5 277(77.07)1 570(22.93)
1 820(21.00)1 146(62.97)674(37.03)
体育文化场地120.12<0.001
没有4 075(47.02)3 243(79.58)832(20.42)
4 592(52.98)3 180(69.25)1 412(30.75)
社区无障碍设施96.02<0.001
没有3 659(42.22)2 909(79.50)750(20.50)
5 008(57.78)3 514(70.17)1 494(29.83)
), ArticleFig(id=1240424355885282007, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240413923426496574, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

残疾人康复服务使用单因素分析[n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目全样本未使用康复服务使用康复服务χ2P
年龄(岁)5.770.217
20~34657(7.58)501(76.26)156(23.74)
35~491 596(18.41)1 175(73.62)421(26.38)
50~643 033(34.99)2 276(75.04)757(24.96)
65~792 701(31.16)1 983(73.42)718(26.58)
≥80680(7.85)488(71.76)192(28.24)
性别9.270.002
女性3 534(40.78)2 558(72.38)976(27.62)
男性5 133(59.22)3 865(75.30)1 268(24.70)
户籍0.970.325
城镇1 528(17.62)1 132(74.08)396(25.92)
农村7 139(82.38)5 291(74.11)1 848(25.89)
婚姻状况1.270.530
未婚1 591(18.36)1 165(73.22)426(26.78)
已婚有配偶6 056(69.87)4 509(74.46)1 547(25.54)
离婚/丧偶1 020(11.77)749(73.43)271(26.57)
民族5.090.024
少数民族802(9.25)621(77.43)181(22.57)
汉族7 865(90.75)5 802(73.77)2 063(26.23)
受教育水平11.030.012
未上过学1 095(12.63)775(70.78)320(29.22)
小学3 136(36.18)2 306(73.53)830(26.47)
初中3 362(38.79)2 543(75.64)819(24.36)
高中及以上1 074(12.39)799(74.39)275(25.61)
残疾类型212.45<0.001
听力607(7.00)463(76.28)144(23.72)
多重581(6.70)432(74.35)149(25.65)
智力708(8.17)531(75.00)177(25.00)
精神738(8.52)383(51.90)355(48.10)
肢体4 953(57.15)3 767(76.05)1 186(23.95)
视力937(10.81)731(78.01)206(21.99)
言语143(1.65)116(81.12)27(18.88)
残疾等级72.81<0.001
一级1 211(13.97)887(73.25)324(26.75)
二级2 206(25.45)1 653(74.93)553(25.07)
三级2 607(30.08)1 794(68.81)813(31.19)
四级2 643(30.49)2 089(79.04)554(20.96)
工作状况7.690.006
没有6 592(76.06)4 837(73.38)1 755(26.62)
2 075(23.94)1 586(76.43)489(23.57)
医疗保险5.930.015
未参加214(2.47)174(81.31)40(18.69)
参加8 453(97.53)6 249(73.93)2 204(26.07)
家庭收入46.81<0.001
低收入2 889(33.33)2 260(78.23)629(21.77)
中等收入2 889(33.33)2 130(73.73)759(26.27)
高收入2 889(33.34)2 033(70.37)856(29.63)
残疾人补贴114.82<0.001
没有3 573(41.23)2 863(80.13)710(19.87)
5 094(58.77)3 560(69.89)1 534(30.11)
社区康复站117.71<0.001
没有6 120(70.61)4 737(77.40)1 383(22.60)
2 547(29.39)1 686(66.20)861(33.80)
日间照料机构149.04<0.001
没有6 847(79.00)5 277(77.07)1 570(22.93)
1 820(21.00)1 146(62.97)674(37.03)
体育文化场地120.12<0.001
没有4 075(47.02)3 243(79.58)832(20.42)
4 592(52.98)3 180(69.25)1 412(30.75)
社区无障碍设施96.02<0.001
没有3 659(42.22)2 909(79.50)750(20.50)
5 008(57.78)3 514(70.17)1 494(29.83)
), ArticleFig(id=1240424356023694049, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240413923426496574, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Multivariate logistic regression analysis of factors influencing the use of rehabilitation services for persons with disabilities

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量类别变量分组βZPOR值(95%CI
年龄(岁)20~34(参照组)
35~490.1790.1401.530.1271.196(0.950~1.505)
50~640.2270.1461.940.0521.254(0.998~1.577)
65~790.4240.1943.340.0011.528(1.191~1.959)
80及以上0.6050.2813.950.0001.832(1.356~2.474)
性别女性(参照组)
男性-0.0360.054-0.650.5150.964(0.864~1.076)
婚姻状况未婚(参照组)
已婚有配偶-0.0400.079-0.490.6240.960(0.817~1.129)
离婚/丧偶-0.1630.093-1.480.1380.850(0.685~1.054)
户口城镇(参照组)
农村0.0860.0721.300.1921.090(0.958~1.241)
民族少数民族(参照组)
汉族-0.0300.091-0.320.7470.970(0.806~1.167)
受教育水平未上过学(参照组)
小学-0.1870.069-2.230.0260.829(0.704~0.977)
初中-0.2830.068-3.120.0020.754(0.631~0.900)
高中及以上-0.3860.078-3.370.0010.680(0.544~0.851)
工作状况没有工作(参照组)
有工作0.0830.0781.150.2491.086(0.944~1.250)
家庭收入低收入(参照组)
中等收入0.2760.0874.170.0001.318(1.158~1.502)
高收入0.4860.1107.160.0001.625(1.423~1.856)
残疾人补贴没有(参照组)
0.4150.1016.240.0001.515(1.329~1.726)
医疗保险没参加(参照组)
参加0.3330.2571.800.0711.395(0.972~2.003)
残疾类型听力残疾(参照组)
多重残疾0.1030.1580.720.4691.109(0.838~1.467)
智力残疾0.0690.1490.500.6191.072(0.816~1.407)
精神残疾1.1100.3918.620.0003.034(2.357~3.904)
肢体残疾0.1840.1291.720.0851.202(0.975~1.483)
视力残疾-0.0860.117-0.670.5010.918(0.714~1.179)
言语残疾-0.2030.196-0.850.3980.816(0.509~1.307)
残疾等级一级(参照组)
二级0.0400.1050.400.6891.041(0.855~1.268)
三级0.0400.0910.460.6461.041(0.877~1.237)
四级-0.0820.096-0.790.4310.922(0.752-1.129)
社区康复站没有(参照组)
0.1600.0812.340.0191.174(1.026~1.343)
日间照料机构没有(参照组)
0.3640.1084.840.0001.439(1.242~1.668)
体育文化场地没有(参照组)
0.2800.0834.470.0001.323(1.170~1.496)
社区无障碍设施没有(参照组)
0.1600.0752.520.0121.174(1.036~1.329)
ConstantConstant-5.3590.002-12.520.0000.005(0.002~0.011)
), ArticleFig(id=1240424356250186480, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240413923426496574, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

残疾人康复服务使用影响因素多因素logistic回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量类别变量分组βZPOR值(95%CI
年龄(岁)20~34(参照组)
35~490.1790.1401.530.1271.196(0.950~1.505)
50~640.2270.1461.940.0521.254(0.998~1.577)
65~790.4240.1943.340.0011.528(1.191~1.959)
80及以上0.6050.2813.950.0001.832(1.356~2.474)
性别女性(参照组)
男性-0.0360.054-0.650.5150.964(0.864~1.076)
婚姻状况未婚(参照组)
已婚有配偶-0.0400.079-0.490.6240.960(0.817~1.129)
离婚/丧偶-0.1630.093-1.480.1380.850(0.685~1.054)
户口城镇(参照组)
农村0.0860.0721.300.1921.090(0.958~1.241)
民族少数民族(参照组)
汉族-0.0300.091-0.320.7470.970(0.806~1.167)
受教育水平未上过学(参照组)
小学-0.1870.069-2.230.0260.829(0.704~0.977)
初中-0.2830.068-3.120.0020.754(0.631~0.900)
高中及以上-0.3860.078-3.370.0010.680(0.544~0.851)
工作状况没有工作(参照组)
有工作0.0830.0781.150.2491.086(0.944~1.250)
家庭收入低收入(参照组)
中等收入0.2760.0874.170.0001.318(1.158~1.502)
高收入0.4860.1107.160.0001.625(1.423~1.856)
残疾人补贴没有(参照组)
0.4150.1016.240.0001.515(1.329~1.726)
医疗保险没参加(参照组)
参加0.3330.2571.800.0711.395(0.972~2.003)
残疾类型听力残疾(参照组)
多重残疾0.1030.1580.720.4691.109(0.838~1.467)
智力残疾0.0690.1490.500.6191.072(0.816~1.407)
精神残疾1.1100.3918.620.0003.034(2.357~3.904)
肢体残疾0.1840.1291.720.0851.202(0.975~1.483)
视力残疾-0.0860.117-0.670.5010.918(0.714~1.179)
言语残疾-0.2030.196-0.850.3980.816(0.509~1.307)
残疾等级一级(参照组)
二级0.0400.1050.400.6891.041(0.855~1.268)
三级0.0400.0910.460.6461.041(0.877~1.237)
四级-0.0820.096-0.790.4310.922(0.752-1.129)
社区康复站没有(参照组)
0.1600.0812.340.0191.174(1.026~1.343)
日间照料机构没有(参照组)
0.3640.1084.840.0001.439(1.242~1.668)
体育文化场地没有(参照组)
0.2800.0834.470.0001.323(1.170~1.496)
社区无障碍设施没有(参照组)
0.1600.0752.520.0121.174(1.036~1.329)
ConstantConstant-5.3590.002-12.520.0000.005(0.002~0.011)
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中国持证残疾人康复服务使用现状及影响因素分析
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周子欣 , 张高洁 , 张蕾
现代预防医学 | 卫生政策与管理 2025,52(15): 2803-2807
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现代预防医学 | 卫生政策与管理 2025, 52(15): 2803-2807
中国持证残疾人康复服务使用现状及影响因素分析
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周子欣, 张高洁, 张蕾
作者信息
  • 北京大学人口研究所,北京 100807
  • 周子欣(2000—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:人口学,残疾人社会工作

通讯作者:

张蕾,E-mail:
Current status and influencing factors of rehabilitation service utilization among certified persons with disabilities in China
Zi-xin ZHOU, Gao-jie ZHANG, Lei ZHANG
Affiliations
  • Institute of Population Research, Peking University, Beijing 100807, China
出版时间: 2025-08-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501325
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目的

了解中国持证残疾人康复服务使用情况及其影响因素,为满足残疾人康复服务需求和提高残疾人康复服务利用水平提供参考依据。

方法

利用2023年全国残疾人保障和发展状况主观感受和评价抽样调查以及全国残疾人基础数据库数据,采用描述性分析和二元logistic回归分析方法分析我国持证残疾人康复服务使用的关联因素。

结果

8 667名持证残疾人中,2 244名残疾人在过去一年使用过康复服务,残疾人在过去一年的康复服务使用率为25.89%,进一步从使用残疾人康复服务群体来看,89%的残疾人使用了一项残疾人康复服务,仅有11%的残疾人使用二项及以上康复服务。多因素回归分析结果显示,中等收入及以上(OR=1.318,95% CI:1.158~1.502;OR=1.625,95% CI:1.423-1.856)、领取残疾人补贴(OR=1.515,95% CI:1.329~1.726)、医疗保险(OR=1.395,95% CI:0.972~2.003)能够促进残疾人康复服务使用。精神残疾(OR=3.034,95% CI:2.357~3.904)和肢体残疾(OR=1.202,95% CI:0.975~1.483)更有可能使用康复服务。从社区环境支持来看,康复服务站(OR=1.174,95% CI:1.026~1.343)、日间照料机构(OR= 1.439,95%CI:1.242~1.668)、建立适合残疾人的文化和体育活动场地(OR=1.323,95% CI:1.170~1.496)以及在社区公共服务场所覆盖无障碍设施(OR=1.174,95% CI:1.036~1.329)是残疾康复服务利用的促进因素。

结论

残疾人康复服务使用与其社会经济状况、残疾类型和社区残疾人支持性环境密切相关。

残疾人  /  康复服务使用  /  社区支持环境  /  影响因素
Objective

To examine the utilization and influencing factors of rehabilitation services among certified persons with disabilities in China, providing a basis for meeting the rehabilitation service needs of disabled individuals and enhancing service utilization.

Methods

Using data from the 2023 national survey on the subjective perceptions and evaluations of the status of persons with disabilities and the national database on persons with disabilities, a descriptive analysis and binary logistic regression analysis were conducted to assess factors associated with rehabilitation service use among certified persons with disabilities.

Results

Among 8 667 certified persons with disabilities, 2 244 individuals used rehabilitation services in the past year, with a utilization rate of 25.89%. Among those who used rehabilitation services, 89% used one type of service, while only 11% used two or more types. Multivariate regression analysis showed that middle and higher income levels (OR=1.318,95% CI: 1.158-1.502; OR=1.625, 95% CI: 1.423-1.856), receipt of disability subsidies (OR=1.515, 95% CI: 1.329-1.726),and health insurance (OR=1.395, 95% CI: 0.972-2.003) were significant factors promoting the use of rehabilitation services.Individuals with mental disabilities (OR=3.034, 95% CI: 2.357-3.904) and physical disabilities (OR=1.202, 95% CI: 0.975-1.483) were more likely to use rehabilitation services. Regarding community support, the presence of rehabilitation service stations (OR=1.174, 95% CI: 1.026-1.343), day care centers (OR=1.439, 95% CI: 1.242-1.668), suitable cultural and sports facilities for persons with disabilities (OR=1.323, 95% CI: 1.170-1.496), and accessibility features in public service locations (OR=1.174, 95% CI: 1.036-1.329) positively influenced rehabilitation service utilization.

Conclusion

The utilization of rehabilitation services among persons with disabilities is closely associated with socioeconomic status, type of disability, and supportive community environments.

Persons with disabilities  /  Rehabilitation service utilization  /  Community support environment  /  Influencing factors
周子欣, 张高洁, 张蕾. 中国持证残疾人康复服务使用现状及影响因素分析. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (15) : 2803 -2807 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501325
Zi-xin ZHOU, Gao-jie ZHANG, Lei ZHANG. Current status and influencing factors of rehabilitation service utilization among certified persons with disabilities in China[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (15) : 2803 -2807 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501325
目前全球有超过10亿人受各类残疾问题困扰,在总人口中占比超过15%[1],而中国残疾人规模就已超过8 500万人,是世界上残疾人口规模最大的国家,其康复服务体系建设兼具规模效应与政策示范价值。为应对这一全球性议题,世卫组织批准通过《2014—2021年全球残疾行动计划》,努力将残疾人纳入医疗保健,提高残疾人获得基本卫生服务的机会,扩大其康复服务使用率[1]。中国政府积极响应国际倡议,提出要让残疾人“人人享有康复服务”的庄严承诺。2017年以来,国务院和国家卫健委先后出台《残疾预防和残疾人康复条例》《关于印发加快推进康复医疗工作发展意见的通知》,明确提出要采取措施加强残疾人康复服务供给,为其提供基本医疗和康复服务,不断拓展残疾人康复医疗。然而,当前残疾人在获取康复服务时还面临财务可及性差和康复服务使用率远低于需求率的双重挑战[2],亟待系统厘清影响残疾人康复服务使用的关联因素。为更好的给残疾人提供针对性的服务与援助,中国残联构建了残疾人基础数据库,并在2023年推动实施了全国残疾人保障和发展状况主观感受和评价抽样调查,系统记录了中国持证残疾人康复服务使用情况。本研究旨在全面分析中国持证残疾人康复服务使用现状及其关联因素,以期为中国残疾人康复服务体系构建提供经验证据。
本文使用的数据来源于2023年全国残疾人保障和发展状况主观感受和评价抽样调查。该调查采用按比例分层和多阶段随机抽样的方法,抽取在全国残疾人基础数据库中登记并持有中国残疾人联合会(CDPF)颁发的残疾人证的个人作为调查对象。2023年3—6月,中国残疾人联合会的专业访谈人员对被选中的个人进行了调查。如果残疾人无法作答,则由其同住家庭成员进行问卷调查。调查内容涉及残疾人基本人口学信息、经济状况、就业、社会保障、教育、康复服务使用、无障碍环境和残疾人公共服务设施供给等方面的主观和客观调查。调查样本量为9 104名残疾人。本研究将两个数据库进行横向合并,并删掉所有没有匹配上的样本、重要变量缺失值和家庭收入存在的极端值,最后得到样本量为8 667名持证残疾人。
以残疾人过去一年内是否使用过康复服务为因变量(0=否,1=是),将残疾人人口学特征(年龄、性别、婚姻状况、户口、民族)、社会经济状况(受教育水平、是否有工作、家庭年收入、是否有残疾人补贴和是否参加医疗保险)、残疾状态(残疾类型和残疾等级)和社区环境支持(是否有社区康复站、残疾人日间照料机构、适合残疾人体育文化活动的场地和社区无障碍设施)四个方面中的16个因素作为自变量进行多因素logistic回归分析。运用Stata 17.0统计软件对数据进行一般描述性分析,χ2检验和logistic回归分析,检验水准α=0.05。
在8 667名持证残疾人中,男性5 133人(59.22 %),女性3 534人(40.78 %);年龄2~34岁657人(7.58%),35~49岁1 596人(18.41%),50~64岁3 033人(34.99%),65~79岁2 701人(31.16%),80岁及以上680人(7.85%);婚姻状况未婚1 591人(18.36%),已婚有配偶6 056人(69.87%),离婚/丧偶1 020人(11.77%);汉族7 865人(90.75%),少数民族802人(9.25%);教育水平为未上过学的有1 095人(12.63 %),小学3 136人(36.18%),初中3 362人(38.79%),高中及以上1 074人(12.39%);听力残疾607人(7.00%),多重残疾581人(6.70%),智力残疾708人(8.17%),精神残疾738人(8.52%),肢体残疾4 953人(57.15%),视力残疾937人(10.81%),言语残疾143人(1.65%);一级残疾1 211人(13.97%),二级残疾2 206人(25.45%),三级残疾2 607人(30.08%),四级残疾2 643人(30.49%);参与工作2 075人(23.94%),没有工作6 592人(76.06%);8 453人(97.53%)参加医疗保险,214人(2.47%)没有医疗保险;领取残疾补贴5 094人(58.77%),没有补贴3 574人(41.23%);2 547人(29.39%)所在社区建有社区康复服务站,6 120人(70.61%)所在社区没有社区康复站;1 820人(21.00%)所在社区建有日间照料机构,6 847人(79.00%)所在社区没有日间照料机构;4 592人(52.98%)所在村(社区)内建有适合残疾人的文化和体育活动场地、器材、用品并组织开展残疾人文化体育活动;5 008人(57.78%)所在社区公共服务场所有无障碍设施,3 659人(42.22%)所在社区公共服务场所没有无障碍设施。
在8 667名持证残疾人中,最近一年内使用过康复服务的有2 244人(25.89%),没有使用康复服务的有6 423人(74.11%);在2 244名使用过康复服务残疾人中,有2 005名残疾人使用过一项残疾人康复服务(其中294人使用康复医疗服务,139人使用康复训练,457人使用辅助器具服务,1 115人使用支持性服务),239名(10.65%)残疾人使用二项及以上康复服务。χ2检验显示,残疾人康复服务使用在性别、民族、受教育程度、户口、残疾类型、残疾等级、有无工作、有无医疗保险、家庭年收入、有无残疾人补贴、社区有无康复站、日间照料机构、适合残疾人的体育文化活动场地和社区公共服务无障碍设施方面存在显著差异,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05),残疾人年龄、婚姻状况和户籍在康复服务利用上不具有统计学意义。见表1
回归结果显示如表2所示,在人口学特征中,年龄≥65岁是持证残疾人康复服务利用的促进因素;在社会经济指标中,文化程度小学及以上是残疾人康复服务利用的阻碍因素,中等收入及以上、领取残疾人补贴、有医疗保险是残疾人康复服务利用的促进因素;从残疾状态来看,残疾类型为精神残疾和肢体残疾是残疾人康复服务利用的促进因素;从社区环境支持来看,社区建设有康复服务站、日间照料机构、有适合残疾人的文化和体育活动场地以及在社区公共服务场所覆盖无障碍设施是残疾康复服务使用的促进因素。
明确残疾人康复服务使用的关联因素是保证残疾人“人人享有康复服务”的前提和基础。本研究利用2023年全国残疾人保障和发展状况主观感受和评价抽样调查以及国家残疾人口基础数据库中的相关数据,分析了中国持证残疾人最近一年内康复服务使用现状及其关联因素。研究结果显示,残疾人康复服务整体使用率仍处于较低水平,其中年龄为核心的个体特征、社会经济状况、残疾类型和社区残疾人服务供给均显著影响残疾人康复服务利用水平。受教育水平负向影响残疾人康复服务使用;年龄≥65岁、中等收入及以上、领取残疾人补贴、参加医疗保险、残疾类型为精神残疾和肢体残疾、社区建设有康复服务站、日间照料机构、适合残疾人的文化和体育活动场地以及在社区公共服务场所覆盖无障碍设施对残疾人康复服务利用促进作用。
据《中国残疾人事业统计年鉴》,2023年我国接受过基本康复服务的持证残疾人占比为23.07%。本研究显示,我国持证残疾人群中最近一年内使用过康复服务的比例为25.89%,相较于2021年的22.36%都实现了相对增幅。但需要注意的是,当前统计仅反映残疾人最近一年的康复服务使用情况,部分残疾人可能在过去接受过相关服务(如辅助器具适配或功能训练),但因阶段性需求满足或服务持续性不足而未在统计年度内使用,这提示康复服务覆盖率的动态变化需结合长期追踪数据综合评估。这一比例和中低收入国家如尼泊尔(22%)类似[3],但略低于中高收入国家如博兹瓦纳(33%)[4]
从残疾人社会经济状况来看,与已有研究一致,残疾人家庭收入水平越高,越能承担使用康复服务所产生的经济成本,同时,残疾人在使用康复服务时可以通过获取各类残疾人专项补贴(如康复补贴、辅助器具补贴、伤残津贴、家庭无障碍改造补贴等)和医保转移支付两种方式来减轻残疾导致的经济负担,进而提高残疾人康复服务利用水平[5-6]。这一结果拓展了医疗保险的效用边界,即参加医疗保险不仅能提高普通公众基本卫生服务利用水平[7-8],还能显著提高残疾人群体的康复服务利用水平。
同时,本研究证实社区无障碍设施、康复服务站、日间照料机构和适合残疾人体育和文化活动的场地能够显著提高残疾人康复服务利用水平。社会支持理论视角下,这种促进作用可能源于工具性、信息性和情感性支持机制的协同运作[9]。社区康复服务站与日间照料机构作为工具支持载体,通过提供物理治疗设备和专业护理人员,可直接满足肢体残疾人的康复需求,并为残疾人创造持续参与治疗的基础条件[10]。社区无障碍设施提供信息支持,通过消除物理环境障碍传递服务可达性信号,缓解残疾人因行动受限产生的畏难心理,提升服务可及性。社区文体活动场地为残疾人参与文体活动提供便利,建立的同伴支持关系能增强康复信心,通过情感支持机制形成持续服务激励,降低服务中断风险。但当前数据显示41.23%的残疾人尚未领取补贴,70.61%的社区缺乏康复服务站,42.22%的社区公共服务场所无障碍设施不完善,这些短板可能直接影响服务可及性。
本研究还发现精神残疾和肢体残疾显著影响残疾人康复服务利用水平,这一现象可能与不同残疾类型的康复需求特征和服务供给结构差异密切相关。精神残疾人群体通常面临长期且复杂的康复需求,包括药物治疗、心理功能重建等多维度服务,这类服务的专业性和持续性要求较高,可能促使精神残疾人更主动寻求系统化康复支持以维持基本生活功能[11]。肢体残疾人康复需求主要集中在物理治疗、辅助器具适配和功能训练等领域,这些服务在我国基层康复机构中相对普及且易于实施。
基于研究发现的残疾人康复服务利用影响因素,有必要从完善保障体系、充分考虑不同残疾类型的异质性需求、完善政策实施保障机制等方面制定针对性政策,推动残疾人康复服务高质量发展。(1)完善社会保障体系。政府应优先扩大残疾人补贴覆盖范围[12],建立与物价水平联动的补贴动态调整机制,重点保障低收入家庭和重度残疾人群体的基本需求。(2)差异化服务供给。针对不同类型残疾人辅助器具适配特点,依据世界卫生组织国际功能分类框架,按肢体残疾、视力障碍、精神残疾等九大类别制定动态更新的基本康复服务清单,同步构建省级专业化评估中心、市级辅助器具体验站与社区租赁服务点的三级适配网络,借鉴上海、北京等地辅具租赁试点经验推行政府集中采购、企业以租代售与商业保险分期支付相结合的供给模式[13]。(3)提升政策执行效能。建立由残疾人联合会牵头协调卫生、民政、财政等部门参与的季度联席会议机制,开发整合补贴发放、服务记录、效果评估等功能的全链条数据平台,将康复服务覆盖率、社区站点达标率等核心指标以不低于百分之三的权重纳入地方政府绩效考核体系,对连续两年排名末位的县级单位实施驻村督导与财政拨款额度联动调节。
本研究存在一定的局限性。一是,研究采用横断面数据设计,变量测量存在时间同步性,难以确定社会经济因素、社区环境支持与康复服务利用之间的因果关系。二是,由于数据测量工具的差异,研究结果难以与使用2006年第二次全国残疾人抽样调查数据进行纵向比较,无法准确评估残疾人康复服务使用率的长期变化趋势。同时,调查数据未涵盖家庭支持网络等关键变量,未对社区无障碍设施等变量的细节进行区分,这些因素可能在一定程度上影响残疾人康复服务使用水平,从而导致本文研究结果可能存在由遗漏变量导致的内生性问题,进而无法全面识别出持证残疾人康复服务利用的关联因素。此外,研究样本仅覆盖持证残疾人群体,未包含未持证但实际存在康复需求的潜在残疾人群,因此研究结论的外部有效性可能有限。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(72474012)
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2025年第52卷第15期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501325
  • 接收时间:2025-01-18
  • 首发时间:2026-03-16
  • 出版时间:2025-08-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-01-18
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国家自然科学基金项目(72474012)
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    北京大学人口研究所,北京 100807

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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Percentage of total
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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