Article(id=1240395016204505747, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240395006914130733, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202504001, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1743436800000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-01, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773662817288, onlineDateStr=2026-03-16, pubDate=1753372800000, pubDateStr=2025-07-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773662817288, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-16, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773662817288, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773662817288, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240395006914130733, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='14', pageStart='2497', pageEnd='2688', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1773662815073, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773662858015, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1240395187109810535, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240395006914130733, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1240395187109810536, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240395006914130733, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2607, endPage=2612, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240395016493912746, articleId=1240395016204505747, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Impact of pain levels on depression in rural elderly: the mediating role of activities of daily living and the moderating role of internet use, columnId=1228016572451718132, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Health and Social Behavior, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To analyze the impact of pain intensity on depression levels among rural elderly individuals, and to explore the mediating role of Activities of Daily Living (ADL) and the moderating effect of internet use.

Methods

This study was based on the 2020 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Partial correlation analysis was used to explore the relationships between pain intensity, ADL, depression levels, and internet use among rural elderly individuals. The Bootstrap method (Model 4,58) was used to analyze the mechanisms through which ADL and internet use affect the relationship between pain intensity and depression levels.

Results

Pain intensity had a significant direct effect on depression levels among rural elderly individuals (β=1.537, 95% CI: 1.347-1.728). ADL played a significant mediating role between pain intensity and depression levels (β=0.319, 95% CI: 0.262-0.380). Internet use weakened the negative effect of pain intensity on ADL (β=0.508, P<0.01) and strengthened the negative effect of ADL on depression levels (β=-0.224, P<0.01).

Conclusion

Pain intensity positively influences depression levels among rural elderly individuals. ADL partially mediates the relationship between pain intensity and depression levels. Internet use moderates the effects between pain intensity and ADL, as well as between ADL and depression levels. Therefore, it is recommended to guide rural elderly individuals at the personal, family, and community levels to utilize internet technologies to disrupt the "pain-ADL decline-depression" chain reaction.

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目的

分析疼痛程度对农村老年人抑郁水平的影响,探究日常生活活动能力(ADL)的中介作用和互联网使用的调节作用。

方法

本研究基于2020年中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS),运用偏相关分析法探究农村老年人疼痛程度、ADL、抑郁水平和互联网使用间相关性,使用Bootstrap法(模型4、58)分析ADL和互联网使用在疼痛程度和抑郁水平间的作用机制。

结果

疼痛程度对农村老年人抑郁水平的直接效应显著(β=1.537,95% CI:1.347~1.728),ADL在疼痛程度和抑郁水平间的中介效应显著(β=0.319,95% CI:0.262~0.380),互联网使用能够削弱疼痛程度对ADL的负向影响(β=0.508,P< 0.01),加强ADL对抑郁水平的负向影响(β=-0.224,P< 0.01)。

结论

疼痛程度能够正向影响农村老年人抑郁水平,ADL在疼痛程度和农村老年人抑郁水平间起部分中介作用,互联网使用在疼痛程度和ADL以及ADL和抑郁水平间发挥调节作用。因此,建议从个人、家庭和社区三个层面引导农村老年人利用互联网技术阻断“疼痛-ADL下降-抑郁”的连锁反应。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
李伟和于兆锋为共同通信作者。李伟,E-mail:
于兆锋,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=j4jfZ22BnlIrRBQKwSRbxA==, magXml=9Wd+ubezoWCQ2vEQgwqeJg==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=rDEV/bthnPv+x2ah9AZDFA==, pdfFileSize=698897, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=V/qhvSD38wH+6yAlaFRApw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=r7J3l4LDu4+0S5klJqV5AQ==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

冯晓晨(2001— ),男,硕士在读,研究方向:社会医学与卫生事业管理

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冯晓晨(2001— ),男,硕士在读,研究方向:社会医学与卫生事业管理

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冯晓晨(2001— ),男,硕士在读,研究方向:社会医学与卫生事业管理

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Journal of Affective Disorders, 2025, 368: 645-654., articleTitle=The impact of Internet device diversity on depressive symptoms among middle-aged and older adults in China: A cross-lagged model of social participation as the mediating role, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1240413553144951782, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240395016204505747, awardId=71774119, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(71774119), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1240413553249809383, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240395016204505747, awardId=ZR2023MG019; ZR2023MG004, language=CN, fundingSource=山东省自然科学基金面上项目(ZR2023MG019; ZR2023MG004), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1240413553363055594, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240395016204505747, awardId=2023YJSCX001, language=CN, fundingSource=山东第二医科大学2023年研究生科研创新基金(2023YJSCX001), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1240413553472107501, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240395016204505747, awardId=2024BKQ029, language=CN, fundingSource=山东第二医科大学博士科研基金(2024BKQ029), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1240413541203767920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240395016204505747, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240413541212156530, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240395016204505747, companyId=1240413541203767920, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Management, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240413541220545137, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240395016204505747, companyId=1240413541203767920, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.山东第二医科大学管理学院,山东 潍坊 261053)]), AuthorCompany(id=1240413541312819830, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240395016204505747, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240413541325402745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240395016204505747, companyId=1240413541312819830, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.山东第二医科大学公共卫生学院)]), AuthorCompany(id=1240413541438648964, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240395016204505747, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240413541447037573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240395016204505747, companyId=1240413541438648964, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.山东第二医科大学人事处)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1240413549923726254, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240395016204505747, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Hypothetical model of the relationships between variables, figureFileSmall=GHMJAPyCBkoXFB3o1rSXfQ==, figureFileBig=J9hNSYeJObu/yweQKBKEGg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240413550045361078, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240395016204505747, language=CN, label=图1, caption=各变量关系假设模型图, figureFileSmall=GHMJAPyCBkoXFB3o1rSXfQ==, figureFileBig=J9hNSYeJObu/yweQKBKEGg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240413550187967418, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240395016204505747, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=The moderating role of internet use between pain intensity and ADL, figureFileSmall=4kqAazpiJO4lZxGA/DHFqQ==, figureFileBig=lPCnE7kK5+cf999vzgKd9g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240413550284436416, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240395016204505747, language=CN, label=图2, caption=互联网使用在疼痛程度和ADL间的调节作用, figureFileSmall=4kqAazpiJO4lZxGA/DHFqQ==, figureFileBig=lPCnE7kK5+cf999vzgKd9g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240413550401876930, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240395016204505747, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=The moderating role of internet use between pain intensity and Depression Levels, figureFileSmall=Khxa2k8T8uvbxj7I5c3aYQ==, figureFileBig=dkFZjSGTU1BhX6Y8L6qTLw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240413550536094661, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240395016204505747, language=CN, label=图3, caption=互联网使用在疼痛程度和抑郁水平间的调节作用, figureFileSmall=Khxa2k8T8uvbxj7I5c3aYQ==, figureFileBig=dkFZjSGTU1BhX6Y8L6qTLw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240413550636757961, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240395016204505747, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Analysis of the basic situation and differences among rural elderly

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量例数[n(%)]ADL抑郁水平
t/F t/F
性别9.388a-15.720a
3 089(49.25)34.30±3.928.75±6.13
3 183(50.75)33.30±4.5411.29±6.65
年龄(岁)107.543a5.181c
60~693 944(62.88)34.30±3.659.90±6.58
70~791 940(30.93)33.23±4.7510.42±6.52
≥80388(6.19)31.42±6.179.58±5.79
文化程度33.40±4.5555.305a
未接受正式教育3 892(62.05)33.439a10.74±6.54
小学1 300(20.73)34.18±3.969.56±6.46
初中774(12.34)34.67±3.278.55±6.20
高中及以上306(4.88)34.93±3.436.94±5.64
婚姻状况4.703a-8.096a
有配偶4 920(78.44)33.93±4.179.69±6.42
无配偶1 352(21.56)33.28±4.5911.34±6.73
慢性病数量(种)106.500a164.068a
0882(14.06)35.21±2.497.38±5.28
11 325(21.13)34.54±3.538.63±6.03
≥24 065(64.81)33.24±4.6811.08±6.67
夜间睡眠时长(h)83.411a259.303a
<62 617(41.73)33.00±4.9512.17±6.77
6~83 034(48.37)34.45±3.528.47±5.92
>8621(9.90)33.79±4.288.74±5.72
吸烟5.290a-10.355a
吸烟2 877(45.87)34.10±4.079.13±6.25
不吸烟3 395(54.13)33.53±4.4310.82±6.65
饮酒9.755a-9.335a
饮酒2 028(32.33)34.46±3.278.96±6.18
不饮酒4 244(67.67)33.47±4.6510.56±6.62
医疗保险4.760a-2.565c
参保5 904(94.13)33.88±4.159.99±6.54
未参保368(5.87)32.42±5.7610.89±6.24
养老保险1.370-0.767
参保5 413(86.30)33.82±4.2410.02±6.54
未参保859(13.70)33.60±4.5210.20±6.40
), ArticleFig(id=1240413550758392779, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240395016204505747, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

农村老年人基本情况及差异性分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量例数[n(%)]ADL抑郁水平
t/F t/F
性别9.388a-15.720a
3 089(49.25)34.30±3.928.75±6.13
3 183(50.75)33.30±4.5411.29±6.65
年龄(岁)107.543a5.181c
60~693 944(62.88)34.30±3.659.90±6.58
70~791 940(30.93)33.23±4.7510.42±6.52
≥80388(6.19)31.42±6.179.58±5.79
文化程度33.40±4.5555.305a
未接受正式教育3 892(62.05)33.439a10.74±6.54
小学1 300(20.73)34.18±3.969.56±6.46
初中774(12.34)34.67±3.278.55±6.20
高中及以上306(4.88)34.93±3.436.94±5.64
婚姻状况4.703a-8.096a
有配偶4 920(78.44)33.93±4.179.69±6.42
无配偶1 352(21.56)33.28±4.5911.34±6.73
慢性病数量(种)106.500a164.068a
0882(14.06)35.21±2.497.38±5.28
11 325(21.13)34.54±3.538.63±6.03
≥24 065(64.81)33.24±4.6811.08±6.67
夜间睡眠时长(h)83.411a259.303a
<62 617(41.73)33.00±4.9512.17±6.77
6~83 034(48.37)34.45±3.528.47±5.92
>8621(9.90)33.79±4.288.74±5.72
吸烟5.290a-10.355a
吸烟2 877(45.87)34.10±4.079.13±6.25
不吸烟3 395(54.13)33.53±4.4310.82±6.65
饮酒9.755a-9.335a
饮酒2 028(32.33)34.46±3.278.96±6.18
不饮酒4 244(67.67)33.47±4.6510.56±6.62
医疗保险4.760a-2.565c
参保5 904(94.13)33.88±4.159.99±6.54
未参保368(5.87)32.42±5.7610.89±6.24
养老保险1.370-0.767
参保5 413(86.30)33.82±4.2410.02±6.54
未参保859(13.70)33.60±4.5210.20±6.40
), ArticleFig(id=1240413550871638989, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240395016204505747, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Correlation analysis of variables (r)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
疼痛程度ADL抑郁水平互联网使用
疼痛程度1.000---
ADL-0.192a1.000--
抑郁水平0.234a-0.246a1.000-
互联网使用-0.0050.049a-0.059a1.000
), ArticleFig(id=1240413550980690896, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240395016204505747, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

各变量相关性分析(r

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
疼痛程度ADL抑郁水平互联网使用
疼痛程度1.000---
ADL-0.192a1.000--
抑郁水平0.234a-0.246a1.000-
互联网使用-0.0050.049a-0.059a1.000
), ArticleFig(id=1240413551093937108, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240395016204505747, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Mediating effect of ADL on the relationship between pain severity and depression levels

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量模型1:ADL模型2:抑郁水平模型3:抑郁水平
β tβ tβ t
常量39.5820.45087.889a16.4340.97316.896a4.1040.6666.165a
疼痛程度-1.0230.066-15.513a1.5370.09715.827a1.8560.09819.036a
ADL-0.3120.018-17.054a
性别-0.4360.160-2.724b0.9350.2314.040a1.0710.2374.528a
年龄-1.1730.087-13.523a-0.5300.127-4.165a-0.1640.128-1.281
文化程度0.2670.0624.308a-0.4850.090-5.411a-0.5680.091-6.206a
婚姻状况0.1960.1301.5130.9590.1885.111a0.8980.1924.678a
慢性病数量-0.5950.073-8.103a0.8620.1078.082a1.0480.1099.650a
夜间睡眠时长0.4750.0805.932a-1.5840.116-13.650a-1.7320.118-14.632a
吸烟0.3290.1492.211c-0.1690.215-0.786-0.2710.220-1.235
饮酒-0.4640.118-3.931a0.3090.1711.8090.4530.1752.599b
医疗保险-1.1170.217-5.144a0.3550.3151.130a0.7030.3212.191c
R20.1290.2190.182
F92.324a145.827a126.771a
), ArticleFig(id=1240413551194600407, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240395016204505747, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

ADL在疼痛程度与抑郁水平间中介效应分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量模型1:ADL模型2:抑郁水平模型3:抑郁水平
β tβ tβ t
常量39.5820.45087.889a16.4340.97316.896a4.1040.6666.165a
疼痛程度-1.0230.066-15.513a1.5370.09715.827a1.8560.09819.036a
ADL-0.3120.018-17.054a
性别-0.4360.160-2.724b0.9350.2314.040a1.0710.2374.528a
年龄-1.1730.087-13.523a-0.5300.127-4.165a-0.1640.128-1.281
文化程度0.2670.0624.308a-0.4850.090-5.411a-0.5680.091-6.206a
婚姻状况0.1960.1301.5130.9590.1885.111a0.8980.1924.678a
慢性病数量-0.5950.073-8.103a0.8620.1078.082a1.0480.1099.650a
夜间睡眠时长0.4750.0805.932a-1.5840.116-13.650a-1.7320.118-14.632a
吸烟0.3290.1492.211c-0.1690.215-0.786-0.2710.220-1.235
饮酒-0.4640.118-3.931a0.3090.1711.8090.4530.1752.599b
医疗保险-1.1170.217-5.144a0.3550.3151.130a0.7030.3212.191c
R20.1290.2190.182
F92.324a145.827a126.771a
), ArticleFig(id=1240413551299458010, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240395016204505747, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Mediating effect test of ADL on the relationship between pain severity and depression levels

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
路径βBoot SEBoot LLCLBoot ULCL相对中介效应(%)
总效应1.8560.0981.6652.047100.00
直接效应1.5370.0971.3471.72882.81
总间接效应0.3190.0300.2620.38017.19
), ArticleFig(id=1240413551391732700, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240395016204505747, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

ADL在疼痛程度与抑郁水平间中介效应检验

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
路径βBoot SEBoot LLCLBoot ULCL相对中介效应(%)
总效应1.8560.0981.6652.047100.00
直接效应1.5370.0971.3471.72882.81
总间接效应0.3190.0300.2620.38017.19
), ArticleFig(id=1240413551458841567, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240395016204505747, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Moderating effect of internet use on the relationship between pain severity, ADL, and depression levels

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变量模型1:ADL模型2:抑郁水平
β tβ t
常量3.7900.4468.493a8.8770.64913.686a
疼痛程度-1.0200.066-15.496a1.5300.09715.771a
ADL-0.3290.020-16.781a
互联网使用0.6220.1544.031b-0.6630.236-2.812b
疼痛程度×互联网使用0.5080.1772.866b
ADL×互联网使用-0.2240.077-2.898b
R20.1320.222
F79.114a136.926a
), ArticleFig(id=1240413551530144737, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240395016204505747, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

互联网使用在疼痛程度、ADL和抑郁水平间调节效应分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量模型1:ADL模型2:抑郁水平
β tβ t
常量3.7900.4468.493a8.8770.64913.686a
疼痛程度-1.0200.066-15.496a1.5300.09715.771a
ADL-0.3290.020-16.781a
互联网使用0.6220.1544.031b-0.6630.236-2.812b
疼痛程度×互联网使用0.5080.1772.866b
ADL×互联网使用-0.2240.077-2.898b
R20.1320.222
F79.114a136.926a
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疼痛程度对农村老年人抑郁水平的影响:日常生活活动能力的中介作用与互联网使用的调节作用
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冯晓晨 1 , 黄静雯 2 , 安妮 1 , 秘玉清 2 , 王永强 1 , 王冉 2 , 王欣 1 , 罗盛 1 , 李伟 2 , 于兆锋 3
现代预防医学 | 健康与社会行为 2025,52(14): 2607-2612
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现代预防医学 | 健康与社会行为 2025, 52(14): 2607-2612
疼痛程度对农村老年人抑郁水平的影响:日常生活活动能力的中介作用与互联网使用的调节作用
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冯晓晨1, 黄静雯2, 安妮1, 秘玉清2, 王永强1, 王冉2, 王欣1, 罗盛1, 李伟2 , 于兆锋3
作者信息
  • 1.山东第二医科大学管理学院,山东 潍坊 261053
  • 2.山东第二医科大学公共卫生学院
  • 3.山东第二医科大学人事处
  • 冯晓晨(2001— ),男,硕士在读,研究方向:社会医学与卫生事业管理

通讯作者:

李伟和于兆锋为共同通信作者。李伟,E-mail:
于兆锋,E-mail:
Impact of pain levels on depression in rural elderly: the mediating role of activities of daily living and the moderating role of internet use
Xiao-chen FENG1, Jing-wen HUANG2, Ni AN1, Yu-qing MI2, Yong-qiang WANG1, Ran WANG2, Xin WANG1, Sheng LUO1, Wei LI2 , Zhao-feng YU3
Affiliations
  • School of Management, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, China
出版时间: 2025-07-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202504001
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目的

分析疼痛程度对农村老年人抑郁水平的影响,探究日常生活活动能力(ADL)的中介作用和互联网使用的调节作用。

方法

本研究基于2020年中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS),运用偏相关分析法探究农村老年人疼痛程度、ADL、抑郁水平和互联网使用间相关性,使用Bootstrap法(模型4、58)分析ADL和互联网使用在疼痛程度和抑郁水平间的作用机制。

结果

疼痛程度对农村老年人抑郁水平的直接效应显著(β=1.537,95% CI:1.347~1.728),ADL在疼痛程度和抑郁水平间的中介效应显著(β=0.319,95% CI:0.262~0.380),互联网使用能够削弱疼痛程度对ADL的负向影响(β=0.508,P< 0.01),加强ADL对抑郁水平的负向影响(β=-0.224,P< 0.01)。

结论

疼痛程度能够正向影响农村老年人抑郁水平,ADL在疼痛程度和农村老年人抑郁水平间起部分中介作用,互联网使用在疼痛程度和ADL以及ADL和抑郁水平间发挥调节作用。因此,建议从个人、家庭和社区三个层面引导农村老年人利用互联网技术阻断“疼痛-ADL下降-抑郁”的连锁反应。

农村老年人  /  疼痛程度  /  日常生活活动能力  /  抑郁水平  /  互联网使用
Objective

To analyze the impact of pain intensity on depression levels among rural elderly individuals, and to explore the mediating role of Activities of Daily Living (ADL) and the moderating effect of internet use.

Methods

This study was based on the 2020 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Partial correlation analysis was used to explore the relationships between pain intensity, ADL, depression levels, and internet use among rural elderly individuals. The Bootstrap method (Model 4,58) was used to analyze the mechanisms through which ADL and internet use affect the relationship between pain intensity and depression levels.

Results

Pain intensity had a significant direct effect on depression levels among rural elderly individuals (β=1.537, 95% CI: 1.347-1.728). ADL played a significant mediating role between pain intensity and depression levels (β=0.319, 95% CI: 0.262-0.380). Internet use weakened the negative effect of pain intensity on ADL (β=0.508, P<0.01) and strengthened the negative effect of ADL on depression levels (β=-0.224, P<0.01).

Conclusion

Pain intensity positively influences depression levels among rural elderly individuals. ADL partially mediates the relationship between pain intensity and depression levels. Internet use moderates the effects between pain intensity and ADL, as well as between ADL and depression levels. Therefore, it is recommended to guide rural elderly individuals at the personal, family, and community levels to utilize internet technologies to disrupt the "pain-ADL decline-depression" chain reaction.

Rural elderly  /  Pain level  /  Activities of daily living  /  Depression level  /  Internet use
冯晓晨, 黄静雯, 安妮, 秘玉清, 王永强, 王冉, 王欣, 罗盛, 李伟, 于兆锋. 疼痛程度对农村老年人抑郁水平的影响:日常生活活动能力的中介作用与互联网使用的调节作用. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (14) : 2607 -2612 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202504001
Xiao-chen FENG, Jing-wen HUANG, Ni AN, Yu-qing MI, Yong-qiang WANG, Ran WANG, Xin WANG, Sheng LUO, Wei LI, Zhao-feng YU. Impact of pain levels on depression in rural elderly: the mediating role of activities of daily living and the moderating role of internet use[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (14) : 2607 -2612 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202504001
抑郁作为最常见的心理疾病之一,不仅能导致老年人健康水平下降、自杀风险增加和生命质量降低,还会给家庭、社会带来沉重负担,日益成为社会关注的重要现实议题[1-2]。疼痛是指一种与实际或潜在的组织损伤相关的不愉快的感觉和情绪情感体验[3]。与城市老年人相比,农村老年人由于年轻时从事农业体力劳动,长期的农业工作更容易导致老年期疼痛的发生[4]。相关研究发现,反复发作的疼痛会影响老年人日常生活活动能力(ADL),而ADL下降恰恰是导致老年人抑郁重要因素[5-6]。此外,诸多研究表明[7-8],互联网为老年群体提供了与子女、亲友进行线上交流的机会,拓宽了健康信息获取的途径,对老年人ADL和心理健康具有积极影响。基于此,本研究提出以下假设(模型如图1):
假设1:疼痛程度能够正向预测农村老年人抑郁水平(a)。
假设2:ADL在疼痛程度和农村老年人抑郁水平间起中介作用(b, c)。
假设3:互联网使用在疼痛程度、ADL和农村老年人抑郁水平间起调节作用(b’, c’)。
本研究数据来源于2020年CHARLS,该调查覆盖了全国28个省(包括自治区和直辖市),能够较为准确地反映中国中老年人群体的整体状况。CHARLS研究已获得北京大学生物医学伦理委员会的批准(IRB00001052-11015),并取得了所有参与者的知情同意。本文研究对象纳入标准:(1)年龄≥60岁,(2)常住地为农村(3)核心变量未有缺失值,最终获得样本6 772例。
2020年CHARLS通过询问“身体哪些部位感到疼痛?请列出所有部位”,选项包括头、肩膀、胳膊和手腕等16个部位。本研究采用Ma等[9]的方法确定疼痛程度,即0个部位疼痛为无痛,1~3个为轻度疼痛,≥4个为中、重度疼痛。
本研究采用Andresen等[10]修订的简版流调中心抑郁水平评定量表(CESD-10)衡量抑郁水平。该量表共10个条目,每个条目依据“很少或者根本没有(<1天)”到“大多数的时间(5~7天)”依次计0~3分,其中“对未来充满希望”“我很愉快”为反向条目,采用反向计分。总分范围0~30分,得分越高表明抑郁水平越高。本研究中,该量表Chronbach α系数为0.766。
本研究采用Katz等[11]的ADL量表作为评估工具,该量表由基础性日常生活活动能力量表(BADL)和工具性日常生活活动能力量表(IADL)组成。BADL包括穿衣、洗澡、吃饭、上下床、如厕以及控制大小便6项;IADL包括做家务、做饭、买东西、打电话、吃药以及理财6项。每个条目依据“无法完成”到“没有困难”依次计0~3分,总分范围0~36分,得分越高表明ADL越好。本研究中,该量表Chronbach α系数为0.856。
参考以往文献[7],选取CHARLS问卷中问题“过去一个月,您是否上网?”构建一个虚拟变量用于解释互联网使用情况。本研究将回答“否”定义为1,回答“是”定义为2。
本研究纳入的控制变量包括性别(男=1,女=2)、年龄(60~69岁=1,70~79岁=2,≥80岁=3)、文化程度(接受正式教育=1,小学=2,初中=3,高中及以上=4)、婚姻状况(有配偶=1,无配偶=2)、慢性病数量(1=0种,2=1种,3=≥2种)、夜间睡眠时长(1=<6h,2=6~8h,3=>8h)、吸烟与饮酒(1=是,2=否)、医疗保险和养老保险(1=参保,2=不参保)。
本研究使用StataMP 18 和IBM SPSS Statistics 21软件对数据进行清洗和分析。分别运用结构相对数(%)和均值±标准差()对连续资料和分类资料进行描述;采用t检验和方差分析对农村老年人的基本特征进行比较。采用偏相关分析探究农村老年人疼痛程度、ADL、抑郁水平和互联网使用的相关性。采用Hayes等[12]开发的PROCESS宏程序中Bootstrap法(模型4、58,重复抽样5 000次)分析ADL在农村老年人疼痛程度和抑郁水平间的中介作用及联网使用的调节作用,检验水准α=0.05。
本研究共纳入6 272名≥60岁的农村老年人,男性3 089人(49.25%),女性3 183人(50.75%);年龄为60~69岁3 944人(62.05%);3 892名老年人未接受过正式教育(62.05%),4 920名老年人有配偶(82.79%),仅882名老年人未患慢性病(14.06%)。不同性别、年龄、文化程度、婚姻状况、慢性病种数、夜间睡眠时长、吸烟、饮酒和医疗保险参保情况与农村老年人ADL和抑郁水平的差异均存在统计学意义(P<0.05),见表1
控制混杂因素后,偏相关分析结果显示,农村老年人疼痛程度与ADL负正相关(r=-0.192,P<0.001),与抑郁水平呈正相关(r=0.234,P<0.001);ADL与抑郁水平呈负相关(r=-0.246,P<0.001),与互联网使用呈正相关(r=0.049,P<0.001);抑郁水平与互联网使用呈负相关(r=-0.059,P<0.001),见表2
控制混杂因素后,以农村老年人疼痛程度为自变量,ADL为中介变量,抑郁水平为因变量构建中介模型。疼痛程度能够负向预测ADL(β=-1.023,P<0.001),正向预测抑郁水平(β=1.537,1.856,P<0.001);ADL能够负向预测抑郁水平(β=-0.312,P<0.001)。中介效应检验结果显示,疼痛程度对农村老年人抑郁水平的直接效应具有统计学意义(β=1.537,95% CI:1.347~1.728),直接效应占总效应82.81%,假设1成立;ADL在疼痛程度和抑郁程度间的中介效应具有统计学意义(β=0.319,95% CI:0.262~0.380),中介效应占总效应17.19%,假设2成立。见表3表4
在中介效应的基础上,采用采用Process宏程序模型58分析互联网使用在疼痛程度、ADL和抑郁水平间的调节效应。如表5所示,疼痛程度和互联网使用的交互项正向预测ADL(β=0.508,P< 0.01);ADL和互联网使用的交互项负向预测老年人抑郁水平(β=-0.224,P< 0.01),假设3成立。采用简单斜率检验法进一步明确互联网使用在疼痛程度、ADL和抑郁水平间的调节效应。如图1所示,与未使用互联网相比,使用互联网能削弱疼痛程度对ADL的负向预测作用。如图2所示,与未使用互联网相比,使用互联网能增强ADL对抑郁水平的负向预测作用。
本研究以2020年CHARLS种6 272名≥60岁的农村老年人为研究对象,探究农村老年人疼痛程度、ADL、抑郁水平和互联网使用的关系。研究发现,农村老年人疼痛程度直接正向预测其抑郁水平,直接效应占总效应的82.81%;ADL在疼痛程度和抑郁水平间存在中介效应,间接效应占总效应的17.19%。此外,互联网使用在疼痛程度和ADL以及ADL和抑郁水平间均起调节作用
研究结果显示,疼痛程度能够直接正向影响农村老年人抑郁水平,与申莉等研究一致[13]。有研究表明,疼痛可以引发大脑中前额叶、杏仁核和海马等区域异常活动,而这些区域异常往往与抑郁等消极情绪的产生有关[14]。此外,农村老年人经济条件相对较差,且由于早期从事农业劳动造成的疼痛往往具有长期性,长期依赖药物缓解疼痛使其医疗经济负担加重,进而导致抑郁水平加剧。
研究结果显示,疼痛程度能够通过ADL间接影响农村老年人抑郁水平。疼痛患者常常面临身体活动受限等问题,重度疼痛者日常生活无法自理且需要帮助,几乎会对生活的各个方面产生影响[15]。一项针对社区老年人慢性疼痛的研究发现,许多患有慢性疼痛的老年人还伴随步态障碍,而步态障碍往往是老年人日常生活能力下降的重要原因[16]。同时,ADL下降往往使老年人无法参与正常的社交娱乐活动,孤独感和由疼痛造成的焦虑难以排解,且ADL下降可能导致老年人产生负面的自我评价,增加挫败感,从而加重抑郁水平[17]
研究结果显示,互联网使用在农村老年人疼痛程度与ADL间起着显著调节作用,即与未使用互联网相比,使用互联网的情况下,疼痛程度对ADL的负向预测作用有所减弱。谢劲[18]的研究认为互联网技术拓宽了老年人获取信息、知识的渠道。而农村地区医疗可及性低且老年人经济条件差,患有疼痛的老年人通过互联网可以获取免费且便捷健康资源和信息,一定程度弥补了线下医疗缺失对ADL的负面影响,减少因疼痛就医的经济压力,进而避免了“因病致残”的恶性循环。此外,研究还发现,互联网使用在农村老年人ADL与抑郁水平间也起着显著调节作用,即与未使用互联网相比,在使用互联网的情况下,ADL对抑郁水平的负向预测作用更强。一方面,ADL较低的农村老年人由于身体功能受限,通常大部分时间待在家中,而互联网为老年人与子女联系、同伴交流、寻求知识及休闲娱乐提供了平台[8],从而减弱了ADL对抑郁水平的负向影响。另一方面,互联网使用能够增强老年人的自我效能感。已有研究表明,自我效能感越高的人更倾向于采取积极的行为应对生活中的挑战,这种积极心态有助于减轻因ADL水平低所带来的负面情绪[19]
本研究仍存在一定的局限性:第1,本研究采用横断面数据,无法推断因果关系;第2,由于数据限制,未能充分控制所有潜在的混杂因素;第3,剔除存在缺失值的样本可能影响研究结果的普遍性。
综上,为改善农村老年人抑郁水平提出以下建议:个人层面:老年人应积极利用互联网获取疼痛管理与康复知识,减轻疼痛对日常活动的限制;同时,通过线上社交平台参与轻度娱乐活动(如健康操直播、兴趣社群),增强自我效能感,缓解因ADL受限导致的抑郁情绪。家庭层面:子女应定期通过视频通话与老年人互动,远程指导健康信息筛选,协助线上就医或药品购买,缓解其医疗经济焦虑。社区层面:村委可组织“低龄助高龄”数字帮扶小组,与村医合作定期开展疼痛管理培训,优化公共场所无障碍设施,确保ADL受限的老年人通过辅助技术平等获取社会支持资源,利用互联网技术阻断“疼痛-ADL下降-抑郁”的连锁反应。
  • 国家自然科学基金(71774119)
  • 山东省自然科学基金面上项目(ZR2023MG019; ZR2023MG004)
  • 山东第二医科大学2023年研究生科研创新基金(2023YJSCX001)
  • 山东第二医科大学博士科研基金(2024BKQ029)
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2025年第52卷第14期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202504001
  • 接收时间:2025-04-01
  • 首发时间:2026-03-16
  • 出版时间:2025-07-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-04-01
基金
国家自然科学基金(71774119)
山东省自然科学基金面上项目(ZR2023MG019; ZR2023MG004)
山东第二医科大学2023年研究生科研创新基金(2023YJSCX001)
山东第二医科大学博士科研基金(2024BKQ029)
作者信息
    1.山东第二医科大学管理学院,山东 潍坊 261053
    2.山东第二医科大学公共卫生学院
    3.山东第二医科大学人事处

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
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