Article(id=1240395015076237892, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240395006914130733, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501326, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1737216000000, receivedDateStr=2025-01-19, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773662817019, onlineDateStr=2026-03-16, pubDate=1753372800000, pubDateStr=2025-07-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773662817019, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-16, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773662817019, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773662817019, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240395006914130733, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='14', pageStart='2497', pageEnd='2688', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1773662815073, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773662858015, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1240395187109810535, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240395006914130733, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1240395187109810536, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240395006914130733, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2625, endPage=2630, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240395015336284759, articleId=1240395015076237892, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Impact of physical exercise on the executive function of college students: the role of green environment and exercise duration, columnId=1228016572451718132, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Health and Social Behavior, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the dose-response effect of green elements and duration of green exercise on executive function among college students.

Methods

Using a mixed experimental design, 90 physically active college students were assigned to greener and less green environment exercise groups and 10-, 20-, and 30-minute exercise durations according to their physical activity level. All subjects completed a moderate-intensity two-legged jump-rope workout, during which heart rate was monitored using a Polar RS800. Inhibitory control, working memory and cognitive flexibility were tested before and after the exercise.

Results

(1) The inhibitory control as well as working memory in the greener group was significantly better than that of less-green environment at the end of the exercise; (2) inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility were significantly better in 20 versus 30 minutes condition than in 10 minutes, but 20 versus 30 minutes was not significant.

Conclusion

Green environments and long duration exercise are more conducive to improving executive function, but there is no significant synergistic effect of green environments and exercise duration.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Yong-tao YANG, Jin-jin LUO, Hai HUANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1240395018091942587, articleId=1240395015076237892, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=体育锻炼对大学生执行功能的影响:绿色环境和锻炼时长的作用, columnId=1228016572640461823, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=健康与社会行为, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

以大学生为对象,通过选择不同的绿色环境和锻炼时间,探讨了体育锻炼对执行功能的影响。

方法

采用混合实验设计,90名身体活动活跃大学生根据体力活动水平分配至多绿色环境和少绿色环境锻炼组以及10 min、20 min和30 min锻炼时长组。6组大学生均完成中等强度的双脚跳绳运动,期间使用Polar RS800监控运动中的强度。锻炼前后分别测试抑制控制、工作记忆和认知灵活性。

结果

(1)运动结束后多绿色环境锻炼组大学生的抑制控制和工作记忆能力显著优于少绿色环境组;(2)锻炼20 min与30 min的抑制控制、工作记忆和认知灵活性均显著好于10 min,锻炼20 min与锻炼30 min的任务反应时差异不显著。

结论

绿色环境多、时间长的体育锻炼更有利于提高执行功能,但绿色环境和锻炼时长并没有显著的交互影响。

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杨勇涛,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=VXUBJ3iXunUF4yvOyucJBw==, magXml=dV7U7m+U+PM89Vv88/UakA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=n6iB4R1Na57w36UDOL3gfQ==, pdfFileSize=1240932, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=/LNIUpMsyn5QbBbIQvUJOg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=gIIXAFaYo1KajBOkc6YI3Q==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

杨勇涛(1982—),男,博士,副教授,研究方向:体育锻炼与心理健康促进

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Basic characteristics

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
多绿色环境少绿色环境
10 min20 min30 min10 min20 min30 min
性别(男/女)8/77/87/88/77/88/7
年龄(岁)23.20±1.4723.53±1.6023.73±1.5322.80±1.5223.00±1.3623.07±1.49
身高(cm)168.93±5.85168.60±7.42168.87±8.09169.93±7.13169.67±7.76170.00±7.59
体重(kg)62.07±10.0762.53±12.0264.27±13.3563.93±11.8963.93±11.7864.13±14.23
BMI(kg/m221.63±2.3821.78±2.3822.29±2.6821.97±2.8021.97±2.9921.93±3.18
), ArticleFig(id=1240413542483021953, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240395015076237892, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

被试基本信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
多绿色环境少绿色环境
10 min20 min30 min10 min20 min30 min
性别(男/女)8/77/87/88/77/88/7
年龄(岁)23.20±1.4723.53±1.6023.73±1.5322.80±1.5223.00±1.3623.07±1.49
身高(cm)168.93±5.85168.60±7.42168.87±8.09169.93±7.13169.67±7.76170.00±7.59
体重(kg)62.07±10.0762.53±12.0264.27±13.3563.93±11.8963.93±11.7864.13±14.23
BMI(kg/m221.63±2.3821.78±2.3822.29±2.6821.97±2.8021.97±2.9921.93±3.18
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体育锻炼对大学生执行功能的影响:绿色环境和锻炼时长的作用
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杨勇涛 1 , 罗金金 1 , 黄海 2
现代预防医学 | 健康与社会行为 2025,52(14): 2625-2630
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现代预防医学 | 健康与社会行为 2025, 52(14): 2625-2630
体育锻炼对大学生执行功能的影响:绿色环境和锻炼时长的作用
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杨勇涛1 , 罗金金1, 黄海2
作者信息
  • 1.天津体育学院竞技运动心理与生理调控重点实验室,天津 301617
  • 2.天津体育学院社会体育学院
  • 杨勇涛(1982—),男,博士,副教授,研究方向:体育锻炼与心理健康促进

通讯作者:

杨勇涛,E-mail:
Impact of physical exercise on the executive function of college students: the role of green environment and exercise duration
Yong-tao YANG1 , Jin-jin LUO1, Hai HUANG2
Affiliations
  • Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin 301617, China
出版时间: 2025-07-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501326
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目的

以大学生为对象,通过选择不同的绿色环境和锻炼时间,探讨了体育锻炼对执行功能的影响。

方法

采用混合实验设计,90名身体活动活跃大学生根据体力活动水平分配至多绿色环境和少绿色环境锻炼组以及10 min、20 min和30 min锻炼时长组。6组大学生均完成中等强度的双脚跳绳运动,期间使用Polar RS800监控运动中的强度。锻炼前后分别测试抑制控制、工作记忆和认知灵活性。

结果

(1)运动结束后多绿色环境锻炼组大学生的抑制控制和工作记忆能力显著优于少绿色环境组;(2)锻炼20 min与30 min的抑制控制、工作记忆和认知灵活性均显著好于10 min,锻炼20 min与锻炼30 min的任务反应时差异不显著。

结论

绿色环境多、时间长的体育锻炼更有利于提高执行功能,但绿色环境和锻炼时长并没有显著的交互影响。

体育锻炼  /  执行功能  /  绿色环境  /  锻炼时长
Objective

To investigate the dose-response effect of green elements and duration of green exercise on executive function among college students.

Methods

Using a mixed experimental design, 90 physically active college students were assigned to greener and less green environment exercise groups and 10-, 20-, and 30-minute exercise durations according to their physical activity level. All subjects completed a moderate-intensity two-legged jump-rope workout, during which heart rate was monitored using a Polar RS800. Inhibitory control, working memory and cognitive flexibility were tested before and after the exercise.

Results

(1) The inhibitory control as well as working memory in the greener group was significantly better than that of less-green environment at the end of the exercise; (2) inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility were significantly better in 20 versus 30 minutes condition than in 10 minutes, but 20 versus 30 minutes was not significant.

Conclusion

Green environments and long duration exercise are more conducive to improving executive function, but there is no significant synergistic effect of green environments and exercise duration.

Exercise  /  Executive function  /  Green environment  /  Exercise duration
杨勇涛, 罗金金, 黄海. 体育锻炼对大学生执行功能的影响:绿色环境和锻炼时长的作用. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (14) : 2625 -2630 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501326
Yong-tao YANG, Jin-jin LUO, Hai HUANG. Impact of physical exercise on the executive function of college students: the role of green environment and exercise duration[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (14) : 2625 -2630 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501326
绿色基因假说[1]认为,人类与绿色植物具有生命同源性、内在相似性与作用关联性,人类与生俱来对植物表现出亲近感,并对包含植物要素的空间环境表现出偏好。这种偏好对人们调节压力、改善健康有诸多益处。研究发现,暴露于绿色环境能够改善个体的心境状态,降低压力,提高幸福感[2-3],还能够提高个体的工作记忆、执行功能等认知能力[4]。不仅绿色环境能够改善认知能力,绿色锻炼也具有类似的效果。绿色锻炼是一种在自然环境尤其是带有绿色环境的空间中进行的身体锻炼[5]。研究发现,不仅在自然绿色环境中存在这种健康效益,在自然元素占比高的人造绿色环境中进行身体锻炼也可以有效地提高个体的身心健康水平。在自然或人造绿色环境中进行户外锻炼、室内锻炼时观看窗外自然环境或自然风景图片,或观看虚拟自然环境都能够改善积极情绪水平且效果优于非绿色环境[2],并且有水体的绿色环境的效果更好[2, 6]
目前大多研究关注绿色锻炼改善情绪、降低压力和提高幸福感的效果[7],对其能否改善认知能力缺少足够探讨。一项研究发现在自然环境中训练有利于提高运动员大脑的动作计划和实施能力,激活水平高于室内训练[8],另一项研究发现室内锻炼和公园锻炼的认知唤醒高于没有身体活动的锻炼者,但室内锻炼和公园锻炼均对工作记忆有积极的影响[9],说明暴露于更多的绿色环境并不能够增加认知效益。还有一项研究发现小于30 min、30~60 min和大于60 min的公园锻炼均能提高执行功能,30~60 min锻炼的效果更好[10],初步证实绿色锻炼时长和执行功能的关系,也有发现10和15 min的绿色锻炼与1分钟没有差异[11]
现有研究充分探讨了绿色锻炼对心理健康的影响[7],但是较少关注绿色锻炼对认知功能的影响,尤其是未关注绿色环境和锻炼时间是否存在交互作用。另外,大多研究以绿色环境中步行或室内锻炼的同时观看绿色环境为主,缺少对户外绿色环境中更高强度的身体活动认知效益的分析。基于此,本研究以大学生为研究对象,探讨了不同的绿色环境和锻炼时长条件下中等强度跳绳锻炼对大学生执行功能的影响。
使用Gpower 3.1预估样本量,选择重复测量方差分析主效应和交互效应,效应量0.25,统计功效0.90,显著性0.05,组数6,测量2,需72个被试。为预防被试脱落,采用整群抽样方法对某大学一年级和二年级267名在校生进行国际体力活动问卷调查,根据“身体活动量=3.3×每周累计低强度活动时间+4.0×每周累计中等强度活动时间+8.0×每周累计高强度活动时间”筛选90名中等体力活动水平(1 800~2 500梅脱/周)大学生参加实验。最后使用RAND函数生成随机数后将被试平均分配到6种实验条件下,每组各15名。所有被试均为右利手,无心脑血管疾病和心理疾病,近一周没有感冒、发烧和服用药物经历,实验前1天不参加剧烈体育锻炼,不能摄入酒精和咖啡因。所有被试均完成了实验任务,未发生呼吸困难、恶心、受伤等意外情况。单因素方差分析结果显示,所有组的体力活动水平均无显著差异,P<0.05。
本研究使用2×3重复测量实验设计,其中运动环境为组间变量,包括少绿色锻炼和多绿色锻炼,锻炼时长为组内变量,包括10 min、20 min和30 min,因变量为执行功能任务的反应时,包括抑制功能、工作记忆和认知灵活性。
(1)可测心率穿戴设备:芬兰产Polar RS800心率表。(2)竞速钢丝跳绳:规格为PVC、钢丝;绳长为3 m×4 mm,净重170g。
自然程度是区分不同环境自然与否的一个重要标注,本研究用自然因素来量化可见自然率,可见自然率高的为多绿色环境,反之为少绿色环境。因此,本研究选择人工湖边为多绿色环境,体育馆外为少绿色环境。已有研究通过提取人视线范围内绿地空间暴露数据以及我国成年人平均身高男性172.6 cm,女性160.6 cm,可见自然率通过在两处位置设置距离地面166 cm(男女平均身高均值)相机拍摄,并通过模拟双眼视角125°视野,以面向人工湖、体育馆正面,全景模式分别从前后左右四个方位拍摄八组图片,再使用Auto CAD 2021计算图片的可见自然率。独立样本t检验结果表明,两个空间的可见自然率存在显著差异,t=3.825,P<0.01,多绿色环境的可见自然率(77%)显著高于少绿色环境(44%)。
使用E-prime 3.0对执行功能的三种认知任务刺激进行编程。
抑制控制能力使用经典的箭头Flanker任务范式。电脑屏幕中央首先呈现黑色注视点“+”,500 ms后呈现一组箭头,被试需忽视两旁干扰刺激箭头的方向,尽可能快速地对中心刺激箭头是“<”或“>”进行判断。如果是“<”,按“F”键;是“>”,按“J”键。所有刺激均随机出现,若1 700 ms内未进行按键反应则箭头消失。所有任务共12个block,一致和不一致的任务各6个,每个block 10个试次,持续15 s,中间间隔休息15s。一致的任务刺激刺激材料:> > > > >、< < < < <;不一致的任务刺激材料:> > < > >、< < > < <。
工作记忆使用经典的2-back任务范式。要求被试在一系列字母中指出当前呈现刺激与前面呈现过的倒数第二个刺激是否一致,如果相同则按“F”键;不相同则按“J”键进。刺激由五个大写字母(B、D、L、Y、P)组成,指导语消失后屏幕中央呈现白色注视点“+”,500 ms后刺激物在注视点位置集中呈现2 000 ms。所有任务共8个block,每个10个试次,持续20 s,中间间隔20 s。
认知灵活性采用More-oddSwitching范式。第一阶段为大小任务,被试对白底红字的数字大小进行判断,数字小于5按“F”键,大于5按“J”键;第二阶段为奇偶任务,实验材料为白底绿字,数字为奇数按“F”键,为偶数按“J”键;第三阶段为混合任务,实验材料为白底红字和白底绿字,红色数字按大小判断,绿色数字按奇偶判断。三种任务刺激按照ABCCBA顺序随机呈现。指导语结束后屏幕中央呈现黑色注视点“+”,500 ms后刺激物在注视点位置集中呈现,时间为2 000 ms。任务共计8个block,每个15个试次,持续30 s,中间间隔休息30 s。
实验得到天津体育学院学术道德与伦理委员会的批准(TJUS-2023039)。实验开始前所有被试按照约定时间达到实验室,在主试的指导下填写个人基本信息并签署知情同意书(包括参与实验的益处和风险),然后由实验人员向每一位被试介绍实验流程并完成三种认知任务作为基线值,测试时间约18 min。之后被试被送至体育馆和人工湖两个地点,时间约5 min,到达实验地点后佩戴Polar RS800并进行5 min的拉伸活动和跳绳练习。热身结束后进行正式运动,六组被试均完成中等强度(60~70%最大心率)的跳绳锻炼,运动结束后即刻进行第二次认知任务测试,测试结束后再次在主试的指导下进行拉伸整理至整个实验结束。所有运动干预和测试在2023年4~6月份下午3∶00~5∶00点完成。
使用SPSS 26.0对执行功能三种任务的反应时进行协方差分析,数据以均数±标准差形式呈现,组内多重比较采用Post-Hoc检验,检验水准α=0.05。
不同组别被试的性别、年龄、身高、体重和身体质量指数(Body Mass Index, BMI)均没有显著差异,P>0.05(见表1)。
以绿色环境(多绿色环境、少绿色环境)、锻炼时长(10 min、20 min、30 min)为自变量,前测不一致反应时为协变量,后测不一致反应时为因变量做协方差分析,结果显示,环境主效应显著,F(5,84)=9.731,P<0.05,η2=0.105,多绿色环境组反应时显著低于少绿色环境组;锻炼时长主效应显著,F(5,84)=24.543,P<0.01,η2 =0.372,多重比较结果显示,锻炼20分钟和30分钟的反应时显著快于10 min,P<0.05,20 min与30 min的反应时差异不显著,P>0.05。绿色环境与锻炼时长的交互作用不显著,F(5,84)=1.471,P>0.05(见图3)。
以绿色环境(多绿色环境、少绿色环境)、锻炼时长(10 min、20 min、30 min)为自变量,前测反应时为协变量,后测反应时为因变量做协方差分析,结果显示,环境主效应显著,F(5,84)=4.240,P<0.05,η2 =0.049,多绿色环境组反应时显著低于少绿色环境锻炼组;锻炼时长的主效应显著,F(5,84)=20.655,P<0.01,η2=0.332,多重比较结果显示,锻炼20 min和30 min的反应时显著快于锻炼10 min,锻炼20 min与30 min的反应时差异不显著,P>0.05。绿色环境与锻炼时长的交互作用不显著,F(5,84)=0.184,P>0.05,η2=0.004(见图4)。
以绿色环境(多绿色环境、少绿色环境)、锻炼时长(10 min、20 min、30 min)为自变量,前测反应时为协变量,后测反应时为因变量做协方差分析,结果显示,环境主效应不显著,F(5,84)=0.011,P>0.05,η2=0.056;锻炼时长主效应显著,F(5,84)=15.576,P<0.001,η2 =0.273。多重比较结果显示,20 min与30 min的反应时显著好于10 min,P<0.05,但20 min与30 min的反应时差异不显著,P>0.05。绿色环境与锻炼时长的交互作用不显著,F(5,84)=1.379,P>0.05,η2=0.032(见图5)。
为了进一步验证绿色锻炼对执行功能的影响,本研究选择两种绿色环境存在显著差异的户外空间,以大学生为研究对象,探讨了中等强度的急性跳绳锻炼时绿色环境和锻炼时长的差异对大学生执行功能的影响,结果发现,多绿色环境中的体育锻炼对大学生抑制功能和工作记忆有更好的提升效果,同时20 min和30 min绿色锻炼对大学生抑制功能、工作记忆和认知灵活性的提升效果也优于10分钟,证实了绿色环境的多少和时长差异导致了不同的执行功能改善效果。
先前研究大多关注室内锻炼和绿色锻炼对情绪和认知功能的不同影响[9-10],很少研究关注锻炼空间绿色环境的差异可能导致的不同结果。一项研究发现室内锻炼和公园锻炼对工作记忆均有积极影响但效果没有差异,该研究还发现暴露于过多的绿色环境并不能够增加认知效益[9]。另一项发现先完成身体锻炼后观看虚拟自然环境和只观看虚拟自然环境对改善听觉注意力的效果更好,而只有先完成身体锻炼后观看虚拟自然环境视频对视觉注意力产生了积极影响,其他三组没有显著效果[11]。因此,为了进一步验证绿色环境差异导致的认知功能变化,本研究选择了人工湖和体育馆外两个不同的绿色锻炼空间,与Wade等[9]的结果相反,本研究结果发现可见自然率77%的多绿色环境中的锻炼对大学生执行功能的积极效果显著优于可见自然绿44%的少绿色环境。该结果说明锻炼空间内的绿色环境越多,对大学生执行功能的改善效果越明显。至于多绿色环境能够更好的提高抑制功能和工作记忆的心理机制,一方面可能与多绿色环境中个体有更愉悦的情绪水平[3]和低压力水平[12]有关。另一方面还与绿色环境改变了大脑功能有关,一项研究探讨了30 min不同的绿色元素(绿色环境组、绿色画面组和绿色声音组)有氧锻炼影响大学生执行功能的神经机制,结果发现只有既有声音又包含画面的绿色锻炼可通过提高右侧颞上回激活水平提高执行功能[13],说明体育锻炼空间中的绿色元素越丰富,锻炼对执行功能的效果越好。
锻炼时长也可能影响绿色锻炼的效果。本研究结果发现20 min和30 min的绿色锻炼对执行功能的提升效果优于10 min,但20 min和30 min的效果没有差异,部分证实了中等强度的绿色锻炼和执行功能之间的量效关系。前述对公园锻炼人群的研究发现30~60 min的公园锻炼对抑制功能的积极影响优于小于30 min和大于60 min[10]。另外,元分析结果发现绿色环境或绿色锻炼的心理健康效益存在暴露时间或锻炼时长的量效关系[6],绿色锻炼的情绪改善效果在5 min即刻达到峰值,随后逐渐下降但有再次提高的现象。上述两项实证研究为绿色锻炼提高认知功能的量效关系提供了支持。另外也有研究发现绿色锻炼对注意功能的影响没有表现出锻炼时长的量效关系,10 min和15 min的绿色锻炼与1 min没有差异[11]。研究者认为,这与长时间锻炼更好的提高前额叶功能[14]以及增加神经营养因子释放有关[15],但是目前还未发现绿色锻炼的时长改善执行功能神经机制的研究成果。
本研究探讨了不同的绿色环境和锻炼时长对大学生执行功能的影响,结果证实绿色环境的多少以及锻炼时长能够对执行功能的影响不同。结果提示青少年可通过绿色锻炼获得认知益处,校园环境可增加更多的绿色环境以及绿色环境的可及性,让学生参加更长时间的绿色锻炼,获得更多认知益处。本研究也有一些不足,一方面只分析了体育锻炼的即刻效益,未对锻炼效果的延时效益,尤其是长周期绿色锻炼的效益进行深入分析。由于锻炼时长和执行功能的效果还存在较多争论[16],未来研究可继续探讨锻炼时长包括长周期锻炼的认知效益。另一方面,本研究未对绿色锻炼改善执行功能的机制进行探讨,未来可使用MMM(manipulation-of-mediation-as-a-moderator)设计探讨情绪的中介作用,亦可结合fMRI或fNRIS技术分析绿色锻炼改善执行功能的神经机制。另外,由于体育锻炼的量效关系受到运动类型的影响,未来研究可设计不同类型的长周期绿色锻炼(有氧运动、太极拳、八段锦等),对同时间点(第4、8和12周)的执行功能进行评估,并在干预结束后的1~2个月进行随访,分析长期绿色锻炼改善执行功能的长期效益和延时效益。最后,已有研究多使用绿色环境步行探讨绿色锻炼对认知功能的影响。倒U型理论[17]认为,低强度步行的认知效益可能有限,这可能导致绿色步行导致的认知改善源自绿色环境。因此未来研究可比较中、高强度的单一室内锻炼、户外绿色锻炼、户外绿色空间但不锻炼、室内绿色锻炼等条件下的认知功能,理清绿色环境和绿色锻炼的不同效果。
本研究探讨了体育锻炼中绿色环境和锻炼时长对大学生执行功能的影响,结果表明绿色环境多、时间长的体育锻炼更有利于提高执行功能,但绿色环境和锻炼时长并没有明显的协同效益。
  • 天津市教委人文社科科研计划项目(2022SK027)
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501326
  • 接收时间:2025-01-19
  • 首发时间:2026-03-16
  • 出版时间:2025-07-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-01-19
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天津市教委人文社科科研计划项目(2022SK027)
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    1.天津体育学院竞技运动心理与生理调控重点实验室,天津 301617
    2.天津体育学院社会体育学院

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
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Number of
species
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Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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