Article(id=1240395014061216275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240395006914130733, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501149, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1736352000000, receivedDateStr=2025-01-09, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773662816776, onlineDateStr=2026-03-16, pubDate=1753372800000, pubDateStr=2025-07-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773662816776, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-16, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773662816776, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773662816776, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240395006914130733, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='14', pageStart='2497', pageEnd='2688', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1773662815073, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773662858015, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1240395187109810535, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240395006914130733, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1240395187109810536, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240395006914130733, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2532, endPage=2537, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240395014308680224, articleId=1240395014061216275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Status and influencing factors of occupational health literacy of key population in 2023, Yunnan, columnId=1228016570660745413, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Environmental and Occupational Health, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To assess the current status and influencing factors of occupational health literacy (OHL) among key populations in Yunnan Province.

Methods

In accordance with the requirements of the National Key Population Occupational Health Literacy Monitoring and Intervention Technical Plan, a stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select workers from three key industries in the secondary sector and five key industries in the tertiary sector in Yunnan Province. A questionnaire survey was conducted to assess their OHL levels. The pearson χ2 test and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the influencing factors of OHL.

Results

In 2023, the sample of Yunnan Province included 9 718 people. The overall OHL level was 48.4%, with the OHL level of the secondary sector was 55.0% and that of tertiary industry was 45.5%. Female workers had significantly higher OHL levels than males (χ2=11.529, P<0.05); higher income (χ2=166.574, Pfor trend<0.001) and higher education levels (χ2=99.473, Pfor trend<0.001) were positively associated with OHL levels. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that using “junior high school and below” and “monthly income<3 000 yuan” as reference groups, having a college degree or above (OR=1.180, 95% CI:1.042-1.335) and a monthly income of ≥9 000 yuan (OR=2.615, 95% CI:1.967-3.477) were protective factors for higher OHL levels (P<0.05). Using state-owned enterprises as the reference, working in private enterprises (OR=0.854, 95% CI:0.763-0.956) and public institutions (OR=0.865, 95% CI:0.756-0.991) were risk factors for OHL levels (P<0.05).

Conclusion

The OHL level in Yunnan Province needs to be further improved. Low-income groups, individuals with lower educational backgrounds, and workers in emerging industries should be key targets for future attention and intervention. To enhance OHL levels and safeguard workers’ health, targeted education and awareness campaigns should be designed based on the specific characteristics of each group.

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目的

了解云南省重点人群职业健康素养现状及其影响因素。

方法

严格按照《全国重点人群职业健康素养监测与干预技术方案》的要求,采用分层整群随机抽样的方法抽取云南省第二产业3个重点行业和第三产业5个重点行业的劳动者,采用问卷调查的方式对其职业健康素养(OHL)水平进行调查,使用Pearson χ2检验和多因素logistic回归模型分析OHL水平影响因素。

结果

2023年云南省纳入调查样本为9 718人,全省重点人群OHL水平为48.4%,其中第二产业OHL水平为55.0%,第三产业OHL水平为45.5%。女性OHL水平高于男性(χ2=11.529,P<0.05);月收入水平(χ2=166.574,Pfor trend<0.001)、学历越高OHL水平越高(χ2=99.473,Pfor trend<0.001)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,以初中及以下、月收入水平<3 000元为参照,大专及以上(OR=1.180,95% CI:1.042~1.335)、月收入≥9 000元(OR=2.615,95% CI:1.967~3.477)等是OHL水平的保护因素(P<0.05);以国有企业为参照,民营企业(OR=0.854,95% CI:0.763~0.956)、事业单位(OR=0.865,95% CI:0.756~0.991)是OHL水平的危险因素(P<0.05)。

结论

云南省OHL水平有待进一步提升,低月收入、低文化和新兴产业人群是我们未来关注与干预的重点对象,根据各人群特点开展针对性教育与宣传,提升OHL水平,保护劳动者健康。

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漆骏,E-mail:
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周美丰(1994—),女,硕士,医师,研究方向:职业卫生

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Safety and Health at Work, 2020, 11(4): 526-532., articleTitle=Scale development and validation to measure occupational health literacy among Thai informal workers, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1240413536543895919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240395014061216275, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240413536552284527, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240395014061216275, companyId=1240413536543895919, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, Yunnan 650100, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240413536556478832, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240395014061216275, companyId=1240413536543895919, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=云南省疾病预防控制中心,云南 昆明 650100)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1240413540557845052, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240395014061216275, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Comparison of OHL level in different dimensions of the second and third industries

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
产业人数总体职业健康法律知识维度职业健康保护基本知识维度职业健康保护基本技能维度健康工作方式和行为维度
具备人数OHL水平(%)具备人数OHL水平(%)具备人数OHL水平(%)具备人数OHL水平(%)具备人数OHL水平(%)
第二产业3 6221 99155.01 97754.62 86779.21 25034.52 54270.2
第三产业6 0962 71544.52 42339.74 84379.31 90731.33 29054.0
合计9 7184 70648.44 40045.37 70179.23 15732.55 83260.0
卡方值99.000201.8000.02810.798248.900
P<0.001<0.001>0.050<0.001<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1240413540650119749, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240395014061216275, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

第二行业和第三行业各维度OHL水平比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
产业人数总体职业健康法律知识维度职业健康保护基本知识维度职业健康保护基本技能维度健康工作方式和行为维度
具备人数OHL水平(%)具备人数OHL水平(%)具备人数OHL水平(%)具备人数OHL水平(%)具备人数OHL水平(%)
第二产业3 6221 99155.01 97754.62 86779.21 25034.52 54270.2
第三产业6 0962 71544.52 42339.74 84379.31 90731.33 29054.0
合计9 7184 70648.44 40045.37 70179.23 15732.55 83260.0
卡方值99.000201.8000.02810.798248.900
P<0.001<0.001>0.050<0.001<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1240413540784337485, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240395014061216275, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Comparison of OHL level in secondary industry, tertiary industry and general population in different individual characteristic groups

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别第二产业第三产业
人数占比
(%)
具备人数OHL水平(%)卡方值P人数占比
(%)
具备人数OHL水平(%)卡方值P
性别1.0750.30087.020<0.001
2 88879.71 60055.42 68744.11 01737.8
73420.339153.33 40955.91 69849.8
年龄(岁)46.441<0.00121.741<0.001
16~252476.814859.94106.715838.5
26~351 11430.868261.21 79129.486548.3
36~451 19633.065955.11 81329.781745.1
46~591 06529.450247.12 08229.787542.0
民族7.684<0.00132.195<0.001
汉族2 49768.91 41156.53 63359.61 51041.6
少数民族1 12531.158051.62 46340.41 20548.9
婚姻状况22.508<0.0016.858<0.050
未婚66618.441762.61 01016.648347.8
已婚2 95081.41 57353.35 05883.02 22344.0
其他60.2116.7280.5932.1
文化程度62.911<0.00193.072<0.001
初中及以下1 44139.867747.01 56325.655835.7
高中/职高/中专1 02628.359457.91 08217.743940.6
大专及以上1 15531.972062.33 45156.61 71849.8
月收入水平(元)141.077<0.00153.877<0.001
<3 00038910.711629.81 89731.176840.5
3 000~4 9991 80149.794552.51 79029.474041.3
5 000~6 9991 04428.865762.91 52725.074348.7
7 000~8 9992777.619570.475912.540152.8
≥9 0001113.17870.31232.06351.2
用人单位性质1.1560.280151.430<0.001
国有企业1 36037.573253.85989.820734.6
民营企业2 26262.51 25955.72 34038.486537.0
事业单位00003 07050.41 60352.2
其他0000881.44045.5
在岗年限(年)23.175<0.00116.266<0.001
≤11 01428.056555.71 76629.074542.2
2~490525.055160.91 46524.069647.5
5~1069219.136753.01 38022.664947.0
≥111 01127.950850.21 48524.462542.1
组别总人群
人数占比
(%)
具备人数OHL水平(%)卡方值P
性别11.529<0.001
5 57557.42 61746.9
4 14342.62 08650.4
年龄(岁)53.076<0.001
16~258979.243248.2
26~352 96930.61 59053.6
36~453 02131.11 43447.5
46~592 83129.11 25044.2
民族3.990<0.050
汉族6 13063.12 92147.7
少数民族3 58836.91 78549.7
婚姻状况26.941<0.001
未婚1 67617.290053.7
已婚8 00882.43 79647.4
其他340.31029.4
文化程度99.473a<0.001
初中及以下3 00430.91 23541.1
高中/职高/中专2 10821.71 03349.0
大专及以上4 60647.42 43852.9
月收入水平(元)166.574a<0.001
<3 0002 28623.588438.7
3 000~4 9993 59137.01 68546.9
5 000~6 9992 57126.51 40054.5
7 000~8 9991 03610.759657.5
≥9 0002342.414160.3
用人单位性质27.644<0.001
国有企业1 95820.193648.0
民营企业4 60247.42 12446.2
事业单位3 07031.61 60352.2
其他880.94045.5
在岗年限(年)28.055<0.001
≤12 78028.61 31047.1
2~42 37024.41 24752.6
5~102 07221.31 01649.0
≥112 496225.71 13345.4
), ArticleFig(id=1240413540897583704, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240395014061216275, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同个体特征组第二产业、第三产业和总体人群OHL水平比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别第二产业第三产业
人数占比
(%)
具备人数OHL水平(%)卡方值P人数占比
(%)
具备人数OHL水平(%)卡方值P
性别1.0750.30087.020<0.001
2 88879.71 60055.42 68744.11 01737.8
73420.339153.33 40955.91 69849.8
年龄(岁)46.441<0.00121.741<0.001
16~252476.814859.94106.715838.5
26~351 11430.868261.21 79129.486548.3
36~451 19633.065955.11 81329.781745.1
46~591 06529.450247.12 08229.787542.0
民族7.684<0.00132.195<0.001
汉族2 49768.91 41156.53 63359.61 51041.6
少数民族1 12531.158051.62 46340.41 20548.9
婚姻状况22.508<0.0016.858<0.050
未婚66618.441762.61 01016.648347.8
已婚2 95081.41 57353.35 05883.02 22344.0
其他60.2116.7280.5932.1
文化程度62.911<0.00193.072<0.001
初中及以下1 44139.867747.01 56325.655835.7
高中/职高/中专1 02628.359457.91 08217.743940.6
大专及以上1 15531.972062.33 45156.61 71849.8
月收入水平(元)141.077<0.00153.877<0.001
<3 00038910.711629.81 89731.176840.5
3 000~4 9991 80149.794552.51 79029.474041.3
5 000~6 9991 04428.865762.91 52725.074348.7
7 000~8 9992777.619570.475912.540152.8
≥9 0001113.17870.31232.06351.2
用人单位性质1.1560.280151.430<0.001
国有企业1 36037.573253.85989.820734.6
民营企业2 26262.51 25955.72 34038.486537.0
事业单位00003 07050.41 60352.2
其他0000881.44045.5
在岗年限(年)23.175<0.00116.266<0.001
≤11 01428.056555.71 76629.074542.2
2~490525.055160.91 46524.069647.5
5~1069219.136753.01 38022.664947.0
≥111 01127.950850.21 48524.462542.1
组别总人群
人数占比
(%)
具备人数OHL水平(%)卡方值P
性别11.529<0.001
5 57557.42 61746.9
4 14342.62 08650.4
年龄(岁)53.076<0.001
16~258979.243248.2
26~352 96930.61 59053.6
36~453 02131.11 43447.5
46~592 83129.11 25044.2
民族3.990<0.050
汉族6 13063.12 92147.7
少数民族3 58836.91 78549.7
婚姻状况26.941<0.001
未婚1 67617.290053.7
已婚8 00882.43 79647.4
其他340.31029.4
文化程度99.473a<0.001
初中及以下3 00430.91 23541.1
高中/职高/中专2 10821.71 03349.0
大专及以上4 60647.42 43852.9
月收入水平(元)166.574a<0.001
<3 0002 28623.588438.7
3 000~4 9993 59137.01 68546.9
5 000~6 9992 57126.51 40054.5
7 000~8 9991 03610.759657.5
≥9 0002342.414160.3
用人单位性质27.644<0.001
国有企业1 95820.193648.0
民营企业4 60247.42 12446.2
事业单位3 07031.61 60352.2
其他880.94045.5
在岗年限(年)28.055<0.001
≤12 78028.61 31047.1
2~42 37024.41 24752.6
5~102 07221.31 01649.0
≥112 496225.71 13345.4
), ArticleFig(id=1240413541002441312, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240395014061216275, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Analysis of influencing factors of OHL level in total population

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
影响因素偏回归系数标准误Wald χ2POR(95% CI
性别0.2320.04823.004<0.0011.261(1.147~1.386)
年龄(岁)
16~251.000
26~350.2970.0969.6320.0021.346(1.116~1.625)
36~450.2100.1063.8890.0491.233(1.001~1.519)
46~590.1130.1091.0770.2991.120(0.904~1.386)
民族0.0530.0431.5110.2191.055(0.969~1.149)
婚姻状况
未婚1.000
已婚-0.2420.06912.148<0.0010.785(0.686~0.900)
其他-0.7980.3864.2710.0390.450(0.211~0.960)
文化程度
初中及以下1.000
高中/职高/中专0.1620.0617.138<0.0011.176(1.044~1.325)
大专及以上0.1650.0636.854<0.0011.180(1.042~1.335)
月收入水平(元)
<3 0001.000
3 000~4 9990.3380.05833.926<0.0011.402(1.251~1.570)
5 000~6 9990.6560.065102.308<0.0011.927(1.697~2.188)
7 000~8 9990.8400.08499.926<0.0012.316(1.964~2.735)
≥9 0000.9610.14543.723<0.0012.615(1.967~3.477)
用人单位性质
国有企业1.000
民营企业-0.1580.0587.485<0.0010.854(0.763~0.956)
事业单位-0.1450.0694.3970.0360.865(0.756~0.991)
其他-0.1410.2260.3880.4530.868(0.557~1.354)
在岗年限(年)
≤11.000
2~40.1260.0584.7270.0301.135(1.013~1.272)
5~10-0.0010.0620.0000.9910.999(0.885~1.129)
≥11-0.2080.06410.578<0.0010.812(0.716~0.921)
), ArticleFig(id=1240413541090521705, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240395014061216275, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

总人群OHL水平影响因素分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
影响因素偏回归系数标准误Wald χ2POR(95% CI
性别0.2320.04823.004<0.0011.261(1.147~1.386)
年龄(岁)
16~251.000
26~350.2970.0969.6320.0021.346(1.116~1.625)
36~450.2100.1063.8890.0491.233(1.001~1.519)
46~590.1130.1091.0770.2991.120(0.904~1.386)
民族0.0530.0431.5110.2191.055(0.969~1.149)
婚姻状况
未婚1.000
已婚-0.2420.06912.148<0.0010.785(0.686~0.900)
其他-0.7980.3864.2710.0390.450(0.211~0.960)
文化程度
初中及以下1.000
高中/职高/中专0.1620.0617.138<0.0011.176(1.044~1.325)
大专及以上0.1650.0636.854<0.0011.180(1.042~1.335)
月收入水平(元)
<3 0001.000
3 000~4 9990.3380.05833.926<0.0011.402(1.251~1.570)
5 000~6 9990.6560.065102.308<0.0011.927(1.697~2.188)
7 000~8 9990.8400.08499.926<0.0012.316(1.964~2.735)
≥9 0000.9610.14543.723<0.0012.615(1.967~3.477)
用人单位性质
国有企业1.000
民营企业-0.1580.0587.485<0.0010.854(0.763~0.956)
事业单位-0.1450.0694.3970.0360.865(0.756~0.991)
其他-0.1410.2260.3880.4530.868(0.557~1.354)
在岗年限(年)
≤11.000
2~40.1260.0584.7270.0301.135(1.013~1.272)
5~10-0.0010.0620.0000.9910.999(0.885~1.129)
≥11-0.2080.06410.578<0.0010.812(0.716~0.921)
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2023年云南省重点人群职业健康素养现状及其影响因素
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周美丰 , 曹晶晶 , 邢漪 , 漆骏
现代预防医学 | 环境与职业卫生 2025,52(14): 2532-2537
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现代预防医学 | 环境与职业卫生 2025, 52(14): 2532-2537
2023年云南省重点人群职业健康素养现状及其影响因素
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周美丰, 曹晶晶, 邢漪, 漆骏
作者信息
  • 云南省疾病预防控制中心,云南 昆明 650100
  • 周美丰(1994—),女,硕士,医师,研究方向:职业卫生

通讯作者:

漆骏,E-mail:
Status and influencing factors of occupational health literacy of key population in 2023, Yunnan
Mei-feng ZHOU, Jing-jing CAO, Yi XING, Jun QI
Affiliations
  • Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, Yunnan 650100, China
出版时间: 2025-07-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501149
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目的

了解云南省重点人群职业健康素养现状及其影响因素。

方法

严格按照《全国重点人群职业健康素养监测与干预技术方案》的要求,采用分层整群随机抽样的方法抽取云南省第二产业3个重点行业和第三产业5个重点行业的劳动者,采用问卷调查的方式对其职业健康素养(OHL)水平进行调查,使用Pearson χ2检验和多因素logistic回归模型分析OHL水平影响因素。

结果

2023年云南省纳入调查样本为9 718人,全省重点人群OHL水平为48.4%,其中第二产业OHL水平为55.0%,第三产业OHL水平为45.5%。女性OHL水平高于男性(χ2=11.529,P<0.05);月收入水平(χ2=166.574,Pfor trend<0.001)、学历越高OHL水平越高(χ2=99.473,Pfor trend<0.001)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,以初中及以下、月收入水平<3 000元为参照,大专及以上(OR=1.180,95% CI:1.042~1.335)、月收入≥9 000元(OR=2.615,95% CI:1.967~3.477)等是OHL水平的保护因素(P<0.05);以国有企业为参照,民营企业(OR=0.854,95% CI:0.763~0.956)、事业单位(OR=0.865,95% CI:0.756~0.991)是OHL水平的危险因素(P<0.05)。

结论

云南省OHL水平有待进一步提升,低月收入、低文化和新兴产业人群是我们未来关注与干预的重点对象,根据各人群特点开展针对性教育与宣传,提升OHL水平,保护劳动者健康。

重点人群  /  职业健康素养  /  现状调查
Objective

To assess the current status and influencing factors of occupational health literacy (OHL) among key populations in Yunnan Province.

Methods

In accordance with the requirements of the National Key Population Occupational Health Literacy Monitoring and Intervention Technical Plan, a stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select workers from three key industries in the secondary sector and five key industries in the tertiary sector in Yunnan Province. A questionnaire survey was conducted to assess their OHL levels. The pearson χ2 test and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the influencing factors of OHL.

Results

In 2023, the sample of Yunnan Province included 9 718 people. The overall OHL level was 48.4%, with the OHL level of the secondary sector was 55.0% and that of tertiary industry was 45.5%. Female workers had significantly higher OHL levels than males (χ2=11.529, P<0.05); higher income (χ2=166.574, Pfor trend<0.001) and higher education levels (χ2=99.473, Pfor trend<0.001) were positively associated with OHL levels. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that using “junior high school and below” and “monthly income<3 000 yuan” as reference groups, having a college degree or above (OR=1.180, 95% CI:1.042-1.335) and a monthly income of ≥9 000 yuan (OR=2.615, 95% CI:1.967-3.477) were protective factors for higher OHL levels (P<0.05). Using state-owned enterprises as the reference, working in private enterprises (OR=0.854, 95% CI:0.763-0.956) and public institutions (OR=0.865, 95% CI:0.756-0.991) were risk factors for OHL levels (P<0.05).

Conclusion

The OHL level in Yunnan Province needs to be further improved. Low-income groups, individuals with lower educational backgrounds, and workers in emerging industries should be key targets for future attention and intervention. To enhance OHL levels and safeguard workers’ health, targeted education and awareness campaigns should be designed based on the specific characteristics of each group.

Key population  /  Occupational health literacy  /  Inventory survey
周美丰, 曹晶晶, 邢漪, 漆骏. 2023年云南省重点人群职业健康素养现状及其影响因素. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (14) : 2532 -2537 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501149
Mei-feng ZHOU, Jing-jing CAO, Yi XING, Jun QI. Status and influencing factors of occupational health literacy of key population in 2023, Yunnan[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (14) : 2532 -2537 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501149
职业健康素养(occupational health literacy,OHL)是指劳动者获得职业健康基本知识,践行健康工作方式和生活方式,防范职业病和工作相关疾病发生风险,维护和促进自身健康的意识和能力[1]。截至2023年末,我国16~59岁劳动力人口约有8.64亿人,占总人口的61.3%[2],研究显示从2000年到2016年,全球与工作相关的伤残调整寿命年增加了967万年[3]。2020年全国职业病危害现状调查显示存在一种及以上职业病危害因素的企业有263 723家,占总数的93.46%,接触职业病危害因素劳动者870.38万人,劳动者职业病危害因素接害率为39.36%[4]。随着社会经济发展,职业人群不仅仅是面对传统职业病严重的危害,还要应对新技术、新工艺、作业方式等引发的职业健康问题[5]。研究表明,健康素养与健康结果、医疗成本及30天再入院率等相关[6-7],较低的健康素养增加了不良健康结果的风险,同时也成为获取医疗服务的隐形障碍,导致个人医疗负担加重,并对公共卫生体系造成高昂成本支出[8],改善健康素养被认为是提高全民健康水平最根本、最经济、最有效的措施之一[9]。本研究旨在了解云南省2023年重点人群OHL水平现状及影响因素,为一线劳动者开展有针对性的职业健康干预措施提供科学依据。
按照《全国重点人群职业健康素养监测与干预技术方案》[10](以下简称“技术方案”)的要求,云南省第二产业调查行业为黑色及有色金属矿采选业、非金属矿采选业、电气机械和器材制造业;第三产业调查行业为医疗卫生业、教育业、环境卫生业、交通运输业、快递/外卖配送业。调查对象纳入标准:年龄在16~59岁、工龄半年及以上、以上8个行业领域的一线劳动者;自愿参与且知情同意。
使用《技术方案》中《全国重点人群职业健康素养调查个人问卷》[11]开展调查,问卷包括年龄、性别、文化、月收入水平等基本信息和职业健康素养状况等。通过“全国重点人群职业健康素养调查监测”系统发布任务,生成问卷二维码,通过面对面集中调查方式,研究对象扫描二维码进行网络问卷匿名调查。具备基本OHL的判定标准为:问卷得分达到80%及以上;OHL水平是指具备基本OHL的劳动者在总人群中所占的比例。
严格按照审核通过的“抽样方案”实施抽样调查,对执行单位人员进行统一培训,执行单位人员进入企业,阐明本次自填问卷调查的背景、目的、步骤等,以争取获得相关机构及调查对象的支持与配合。调查结束后对原始数据进行省市两级审核并进行清理和逻辑检验,对不符合要求的问卷进行作废处理。
采用SPSS 22.0软件进行数据统计分析。分类变量资料采用率或构成比进行统计描述,计数资料率的比较采用Pearson χ2检验,OHL水平影响因素分析采用多因素logistic回归分析(纳入标准为0.05)。检验水准α=0.05(双侧)。
发放问卷10 035份,回收有效问卷9 718份,有效问卷回收率96.84%。其中男性5 575人(57.4%),女性4 143人(42.6%);年龄在36~46岁人数最多,占比31.1%;学历以大专及以上人数最多,占比47.4%;月收入水平主要集中在3 000~4 999元,占比37.0%;民营企业人数最多,占比47.4%。
研究对象总体OHL水平为48.4%,第二产业OHL水平为55.0%,第三产业OHL水平为44.5%。总体各维度OHL水平最高为职业健康保护基本知识维度(79.2%),最低为职业健康保护基本技能维度(32.5%)。第二产业OHL水平和各维度OHL水平均高于第三产业,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),见表1
总人群中年龄、性别、民族、文化程度、婚姻状况、月收入水平、用人单位性质、在岗年限差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.001),第二、三产业详见表2
以是否具备OHL为因变量,单因素方差分析中有统计学意义的个体特征组作为自变量,进行多因素logistic回归分析。以男性、初中及以下、月收入水平<3 000元为参照,女性(OR=1.261,95% CI:1.147~1.386)、高中/职高/中专(OR=1.176,95% CI:1.044~1.325)、大专及以上(OR=1.180,95% CI:1.042~1.335)、月收入3 000~4 999(OR=1.402,95% CI:1.251~1.570)、月收入5 000~6 999(OR=1.927,95% CI:1.697~2.188)、月收入7 000~8 999(OR=2.316,95% CI:1.964~2.735)、月收入≥9 000(OR=2.615,95% CI:1.967~3.477)是OHL水平的保护因素(P<0.05)。以国有企业为参照,民营企业(OR=0.854,95% CI:0.763~0.956)、事业单位(OR=0.865,95% CI:0.756~0.991)是OHL水平的危险因素(P<0.05)见表3
健康素养是健康促进和疾病预防的一个重要因素[6],较高OHL水平使劳动者能够更有效地识别工作环境中的潜在健康风险。本研究结果显示云南省2023年重点人群OHL水平为48.4%,其中第二产业重点人群OHL水平为55.0% ;第三产业重点人群OHL水平为44.5%,均低于2022年我国重点人群的OHL水平(52.6%)、第二产业OHL水平(56.5%)、第三产业OHL水平(48.9%)[12],这种差距可能与云南省的经济水平、地理位置、人口素质等多种因素密切相关。作为经济社会发展程度相对落后的地区,云南省的经济水平影响了教育投入、医疗资源和职业健康服务的质量和可及性。此外,云南复杂的地形和交通不便使偏远地区的劳动者更难获得有效的职业健康服务。提升云南省的重点人群OHL水平需要多方面的努力,包括增加经济投入、改善教育与培训系统、增强职业健康意识及改善工作环境;同时,应注重向偏远和经济欠发达区域倾斜,实施地区性策略来提高整体OHL水平。
本次研究进一步分析了重点人群各维度OHL水平,结果显示:职业健康保护基本知识维度得分最高(79.2%),其次为健康工作方式和行为维度(60.0%)、职业健康法律知识维度(45.3%),而职业健康保护基本技能维度最低(32.5%);在未来的职业健康干预中,需特别加强法律知识和基本技能等相关知识的培训,提升劳动者自我保护能力。调查还发现第二产业重点人群OHL水平和四个维度OHL水平均高于第三产业,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),这与第三产业中部分新兴产业特性有关,如快递和外卖行业,其劳动者学历普遍较低(高中/职高/中专以下),且人员流动性较大,使得系统化的进行职业健康教育和培训难以开展;此外,现行的职业健康与安全相关的法律法规(职业健康标准、职业病预防法、工伤保险法等)主要针对传统就业形式,对平台企业劳动者保护机制任不够完善[13]
研究结果表明性别、年龄、文化程度、月收入水平、在岗年限(年)、用人单位性质是OHL水平影响因素(P<0.001)。其中女性的OHL水平高于男性,这与其他研究结果一致[12,14],可能目前女性对于健康的关注度更高,且更倾向于主动学习职业健康知识。年龄方面,多因素logistic分析显示,OHL水平未随着年龄的增长而提高,与既往研究一致[15],这可能是46~59年龄段人群文化水平(初中及以下)和月收入水平(少于3 000元)较低有关。研究表明[6,16-20],文化程度和月收入水平越高,OHL水平越高,这是因为高文化程度和高月收入者更擅长获取并应用职业健康保护知识,且能够充分利用周围资源获取相关信息。此外,不同性质的用人单位在OHL水平上存在差异,在多因素logistic回归分析中,控制其他混杂因素后,以国有企业为参照,民营企业(OR=0.854,95% CI:0.763~0.956)、事业单位(OR=0.865,95% CI:0.756~0.991)是OHL水平的危险因素(P<0.05)。这可能是因为事业单位主要集中在教育和医疗卫生行业,对职业病危害防治相关方面培训较少且本研究使用的问卷在传统职业病危害防治方面的调查比重相对较大,传统行业劳动者更据优势;其次,大部分民营企业普遍缺乏对职工的职业健康教育和培训,可能导致这些职工更容易遭受职业健康伤害,甚至面临更高的死亡风险[21]
综上所述,本研究分析了云南省职业健康素养现状及其影响因素。结果显示月收入水平和文化程度较低人群是未来OHL干预的重点对象。同时,新兴产业的快速发展和人员高流动性带来了新的挑战,也应引起足够关注。未来应针对不同职业群体的特点,开展有针对性的职业健康科普教育,提升重点人群OHL水平,促进工作环境健康良性发展。
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2025年第52卷第14期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501149
  • 接收时间:2025-01-09
  • 首发时间:2026-03-16
  • 出版时间:2025-07-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-01-09
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    云南省疾病预防控制中心,云南 昆明 650100

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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