Article(id=1240395011913741236, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240395006914130733, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501015, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1735747200000, receivedDateStr=2025-01-02, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773662816265, onlineDateStr=2026-03-16, pubDate=1753372800000, pubDateStr=2025-07-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773662816265, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-16, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773662816265, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773662816265, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240395006914130733, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='14', pageStart='2497', pageEnd='2688', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1773662815073, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773662858015, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1240395187109810535, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240395006914130733, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1240395187109810536, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240395006914130733, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2619, endPage=2624, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240395014489042975, articleId=1240395011913741236, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Relationship between intergenerational emotional support and depression in the migrant elderly following children: a Moderated Mediation Model, columnId=1228016572451718132, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Health and Social Behavior, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the relationship between intergenerational emotional support and depression of migrant elderly following children and its mechanism of action.

Methods

A total of 210 migrant elderly following children participated in this study. And they completed the Intergenerational Emotional Support Questionnaire, Flow Centre Depression Scale, Short boredom proneness scale and Seff-Rating Scale of Sleep.

Results

(1) Intergenerational emotional support significantly and negatively predicted depression in migrant elderly following children (β=-0.354, P<0.001); (2) Boredom proneness played a mediating role between Intergenerational emotional support and depression of migrant elderly following children. The mediation effect value was -0.129 (95% Bootstrap CI=[-0.215,-0.068]), the mediating effect accounted for 36.44% of the total. (3) Sleep problem moderated the relationship between boredom proneness and depression of migrant elderly following children (β=0.137, P=0.009). Specifically, moderated mediation analysis showed that the impact of boredom proneness on depression strengthened with sleep problem getting worse among the migrant elderly following children (simple slope=0.384, 95% CI: 0.235-0.533, P<0.001). When there was mild sleep problem, the influence of boredom proneness function on depression was weaker (simple slope=0.110, 95% CI: -0.044-0.263, P=0.160).

Conclusion

This study highlights the mediating and moderating mechanisms linking intergenerational emotional support to depression of migrant elderly following children. More importantly, it has prominent implications for the prevention and intervention of depression among migrant elderly following children.

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目的

本研究旨在考察代际情感支持与随迁老人抑郁情绪的关系及其作用机制。

方法

以210名随迁老人为被试,采用代际情感支持问卷、流调中心抑郁量表、短式无聊倾向量表和睡眠状况自评量表进行测试。

结果

(1)代际情感支持总体负向预测随迁老人抑郁情绪 (β=-0.354, P<0.001);(2)无聊倾向在代际情感支持与随迁老人抑郁情绪之间起中介作用,中介效应值为-0.129 (95% Bootstrap CI=[-0.215,-0.068]),占总效应的36.44%;(3)代际情感支持通过无聊倾向影响随迁老人抑郁情绪的中介作用路径后半段受到睡眠问题的调节 (β=0.137, P=0.009)。具体来讲,随着睡眠问题的加重,无聊倾向对抑郁情绪的影响作用增强 (简单斜率=0.384, 95% CI:0.235~0.533, P<0.001);而当睡眠问题较轻时,无聊倾向对抑郁情绪作用越弱 (简单斜率=0.110, 95% CI:-0.044~0.263, P=0.160 )。

结论

本研究揭示了代际情感支持与随迁老人抑郁情绪的关系及其作用机制,对缓解随迁老人抑郁情绪具有一定启示作用。

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韩梦丹,E-mail:
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纪莉莉(1987—),女,博士,副教授,研究方向:老年心理护理

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纪莉莉(1987—),女,博士,副教授,研究方向:老年心理护理

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纪莉莉(1987—),女,博士,副教授,研究方向:老年心理护理

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Chinese Journal of Gerontology, 2021, 41(12): 2654-2657. (In Chinese), articleTitle=The mediating role of family care in the perception stress, self-perceived aging and sleep quality of elderly migraine patients in Changchun, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240413549076476825, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240395011913741236, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=24, issue=1, pageStart=802, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=36, authorNames=Chen R, Liu GW, Li SX, journalName=BMC Geriatrics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Chen R, Liu GW, Li SX, et al. Association between different patterns of social participation and loneliness among the Chinese older People: is there a local-migrant gap?[J]. 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Basic information on survey respondents (n=210)

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变量项目n(%)
性别75(35.7)
135(64.3)
年龄(岁)50~5929(13.8)
60~74149(71.0)
75~9032(15.2)
教育程度小学及以下81(38.6)
初中55(26.2)
高中34(16.2)
大中专及以上40(19.0)
户口性质农村126(60.0)
城镇84(40.0)
子女数量(个)142(20.0)
296(45.7)
≥372(34.3)
居住方式独居11(5.2)
与配偶同居50(23.8)
与儿女同居149(71.0)
健康状况自评34(16.2)
一般135(64.3)
41(19.5)
医疗费用支付方式自费4(1.9)
居民医保142(67.6)
职工医保64(30.5)
随迁时间(月)6~1227(12.9)
>12~3626(12.4)
>36~6023(11.0)
>60134(63.8)
是否和配偶一起迁移148(70.5)
62(29.5)
), ArticleFig(id=1240413539911922195, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240395011913741236, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

调查对象基本情况(n=210)

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变量项目n(%)
性别75(35.7)
135(64.3)
年龄(岁)50~5929(13.8)
60~74149(71.0)
75~9032(15.2)
教育程度小学及以下81(38.6)
初中55(26.2)
高中34(16.2)
大中专及以上40(19.0)
户口性质农村126(60.0)
城镇84(40.0)
子女数量(个)142(20.0)
296(45.7)
≥372(34.3)
居住方式独居11(5.2)
与配偶同居50(23.8)
与儿女同居149(71.0)
健康状况自评34(16.2)
一般135(64.3)
41(19.5)
医疗费用支付方式自费4(1.9)
居民医保142(67.6)
职工医保64(30.5)
随迁时间(月)6~1227(12.9)
>12~3626(12.4)
>36~6023(11.0)
>60134(63.8)
是否和配偶一起迁移148(70.5)
62(29.5)
), ArticleFig(id=1240413540033557023, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240395011913741236, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Results of descriptive statistics and correlation analysis for each variable (n=210)

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s123
1.代际情感支持8.161.251.000
2.抑郁情绪21.177.31-0.397c
3.无聊倾向21.5010.57-0.374c0.468c
4.睡眠问题20.707.23-0.262c0.499c0.341c
), ArticleFig(id=1240413540146803236, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240395011913741236, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

各变量的描述统计与相关分析结果(n=210)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
s123
1.代际情感支持8.161.251.000
2.抑郁情绪21.177.31-0.397c
3.无聊倾向21.5010.57-0.374c0.468c
4.睡眠问题20.707.23-0.262c0.499c0.341c
), ArticleFig(id=1240413540314575403, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240395011913741236, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Regression analysis of the relationship of variables in the mediating model

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
回归方程整体拟合指数回归系数显著性
结果变量预测变量RR2Fβt
抑郁情绪代际情感支持0.4820.23210.221-0.354-5.973c
无聊倾向代际情感支持0.4550.2078.832-0.384-5.912c
抑郁情绪代际情感支持0.5800.33614.625-0.225-3.760c
无聊倾向0.3365.635c
), ArticleFig(id=1240413540432015923, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240395011913741236, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

中介模型中变量关系的回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
回归方程整体拟合指数回归系数显著性
结果变量预测变量RR2Fβt
抑郁情绪代际情感支持0.4820.23210.221-0.354-5.973c
无聊倾向代际情感支持0.4550.2078.832-0.384-5.912c
抑郁情绪代际情感支持0.5800.33614.625-0.225-3.760c
无聊倾向0.3365.635c
), ArticleFig(id=1240413540557845053, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240395011913741236, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Mediation effects test with moderation

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因变量方程1无聊倾向方程2抑郁情绪
βSEtβSEt
代际情感支持-0.3840.065-5.912c-0.1730.055-3.123b
无聊倾向0.2470.0574.358c
睡眠问题0.2980.0555.384c
无聊倾向 × 睡眠问题0.1370.0522.647b
R20.2070.448
F8.832c18.057c
), ArticleFig(id=1240413540658508359, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240395011913741236, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

有调节的中介效应检验

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因变量方程1无聊倾向方程2抑郁情绪
βSEtβSEt
代际情感支持-0.3840.065-5.912c-0.1730.055-3.123b
无聊倾向0.2470.0574.358c
睡眠问题0.2980.0555.384c
无聊倾向 × 睡眠问题0.1370.0522.647b
R20.2070.448
F8.832c18.057c
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代际情感支持与随迁老人抑郁情绪:有调节的中介模型
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纪莉莉 , 商冰慧 , 赵明静洁 , 张成杰 , 韩梦丹
现代预防医学 | 健康与社会行为 2025,52(14): 2619-2624
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现代预防医学 | 健康与社会行为 2025, 52(14): 2619-2624
代际情感支持与随迁老人抑郁情绪:有调节的中介模型
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纪莉莉, 商冰慧, 赵明静洁, 张成杰, 韩梦丹
作者信息
  • 河南大学护理与健康学院,河南 开封 475001
  • 纪莉莉(1987—),女,博士,副教授,研究方向:老年心理护理

通讯作者:

韩梦丹,E-mail:
Relationship between intergenerational emotional support and depression in the migrant elderly following children: a Moderated Mediation Model
Li-li JI, Bing-hui SHANG, ZHAO Ming-jing-jie, Cheng-jie ZHANG, Meng-dan HAN
Affiliations
  • School of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475001, China
出版时间: 2025-07-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501015
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目的

本研究旨在考察代际情感支持与随迁老人抑郁情绪的关系及其作用机制。

方法

以210名随迁老人为被试,采用代际情感支持问卷、流调中心抑郁量表、短式无聊倾向量表和睡眠状况自评量表进行测试。

结果

(1)代际情感支持总体负向预测随迁老人抑郁情绪 (β=-0.354, P<0.001);(2)无聊倾向在代际情感支持与随迁老人抑郁情绪之间起中介作用,中介效应值为-0.129 (95% Bootstrap CI=[-0.215,-0.068]),占总效应的36.44%;(3)代际情感支持通过无聊倾向影响随迁老人抑郁情绪的中介作用路径后半段受到睡眠问题的调节 (β=0.137, P=0.009)。具体来讲,随着睡眠问题的加重,无聊倾向对抑郁情绪的影响作用增强 (简单斜率=0.384, 95% CI:0.235~0.533, P<0.001);而当睡眠问题较轻时,无聊倾向对抑郁情绪作用越弱 (简单斜率=0.110, 95% CI:-0.044~0.263, P=0.160 )。

结论

本研究揭示了代际情感支持与随迁老人抑郁情绪的关系及其作用机制,对缓解随迁老人抑郁情绪具有一定启示作用。

随迁老人  /  代际情感支持  /  抑郁情绪  /  无聊倾向  /  睡眠问题
Objective

To explore the relationship between intergenerational emotional support and depression of migrant elderly following children and its mechanism of action.

Methods

A total of 210 migrant elderly following children participated in this study. And they completed the Intergenerational Emotional Support Questionnaire, Flow Centre Depression Scale, Short boredom proneness scale and Seff-Rating Scale of Sleep.

Results

(1) Intergenerational emotional support significantly and negatively predicted depression in migrant elderly following children (β=-0.354, P<0.001); (2) Boredom proneness played a mediating role between Intergenerational emotional support and depression of migrant elderly following children. The mediation effect value was -0.129 (95% Bootstrap CI=[-0.215,-0.068]), the mediating effect accounted for 36.44% of the total. (3) Sleep problem moderated the relationship between boredom proneness and depression of migrant elderly following children (β=0.137, P=0.009). Specifically, moderated mediation analysis showed that the impact of boredom proneness on depression strengthened with sleep problem getting worse among the migrant elderly following children (simple slope=0.384, 95% CI: 0.235-0.533, P<0.001). When there was mild sleep problem, the influence of boredom proneness function on depression was weaker (simple slope=0.110, 95% CI: -0.044-0.263, P=0.160).

Conclusion

This study highlights the mediating and moderating mechanisms linking intergenerational emotional support to depression of migrant elderly following children. More importantly, it has prominent implications for the prevention and intervention of depression among migrant elderly following children.

Migrant elderly following children  /  Intergenerational emotional support  /  Depression  /  Boredom proneness  /  Sleep problem
纪莉莉, 商冰慧, 赵明静洁, 张成杰, 韩梦丹. 代际情感支持与随迁老人抑郁情绪:有调节的中介模型. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (14) : 2619 -2624 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501015
Li-li JI, Bing-hui SHANG, ZHAO Ming-jing-jie, Cheng-jie ZHANG, Meng-dan HAN. Relationship between intergenerational emotional support and depression in the migrant elderly following children: a Moderated Mediation Model[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (14) : 2619 -2624 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501015
2022年发布的《“十四五”健康老龄化规划》中明确将心理健康问题日益突出作为老龄事业的严峻挑战,并强调了特殊老年群体心理健康的重要性。调查显示,随迁老人的抑郁程度显著高于本地老年人[1],长期持续抑郁可能会对随迁老年群体的生活质量和生命健康产生重要威胁。然而,学术界对随迁老人抑郁情绪的影响因素及作用机制的研究还较少涉及。近年有学者研究发现,相比经济和照料支持,代际情感支持更能预测老年人的抑郁情绪[2]
控制价值理论认为,无聊倾向的典型特征在于个体对生活的低感知控制[3]。良好的代际情感支持能够增强个体的心理资源,维持心理控制感[4],从而减少无聊倾向,而无聊倾向是导致个体抑郁的重要风险因素[5-6]。因此,代际情感支持可能通过无聊倾向影响随迁老人抑郁情绪。抑郁的易感模型指出,当个体认为当前生活是自己无法控制的时候就很容易产生抑郁[7]。由于面临生活环境和生活方式的转变,随迁老人极容易受到睡眠问题的影响[8],更容易消极评估自身控制能力而产生抑郁。根据 “雪上加霜”模型,一种风险因素会“增强”另一种风险因素的不利影响[9]。因此,严重的睡眠问题可能会增强无聊倾向对抑郁情绪的影响。
综上,本研究以控制价值理论和“雪上加霜”模型为基础,构建有调节的中介模型,旨在深入探讨代际情感支持对随迁老人抑郁情绪的影响及作用机制,以及无聊倾向和睡眠问题在其中的作用,以期为减轻随迁老人抑郁情绪,推动健康老龄化的开展提供重要参考。
本研究采用方便取样法选取开封市某四个社区225名随迁老人作为研究对象进行施测。参与者的纳入标准如下:(1)年龄 ≥ 50岁,迁入时间在6个月(含)以上,由于家庭养老、照顾晚辈等原因跟随子女或其他亲人迁移到新城市,户籍未发生改变;(2)意识清楚、表达能力无障碍,能独立或在协助下完成问卷;(3)能够掌握智能手机的使用;(4)知情同意并自愿接受本次的调查。排除标准:(1)患危重疾病或体力虚弱无法配合者;(2)伴严重认知障碍、精神障碍者;(3)伴严重视、听力障碍者。利用 G*Power 3.1.9.7软件进行样本量估计[10],取中等效应量0.15,容许误差α取0.05,检验效能1-β取双侧95%,计算得出样本量为194例。剔除填写答案过于规律和未完全回答的问卷,最终获得有效数据210份,回收有效率为93.33%。本研究已通过河南大学伦理委员会审查(HUS0M2025-010),研究对象均知情同意并自愿参与本研究。随迁老人的平均年龄为66.91±6.55岁。
采用中国西安交通大学人口所编制的代际支持情感分量表[11],共有3个条目,采用Likert 3级评分,得分范围在3~9分。得分越高,代表相应的代际情感支持程度越高。本研究中Cronbach α系数分别为0.779。
采用Andresen[12]编制的10项流调中心抑郁量表,参考黄庆波等人[13]修订成的简版流调中心抑郁水平评定量表(CES-D10),该量表由10个项目构成,要求被访者在回答过去1周内各项目所描述症状出现的频率。以(1~5)5级记分,总分为5~50分,得分越高,表明中老年人的抑郁程度越高。该量表Cronbach α系数为0.785。
采用Struk等人[14]的设计,后由彭嘉熙等学者[15]改编的短式无聊倾向量表。该量表包括8个项目,以(1~7)7级评分,“完全不同意”计1分,“完全同意”计7分。量表总分为所有条目得分的总和,总分为8~56分。得分越高,无聊倾向越高。该量表Cronbach α系数为0.853。
采用李建明学者[16]编制睡眠状况自评量表(SRSS)进行测量,该量表共有10个项目,每个项目分5级评分(1~5),评分越高,说明个体睡眠问题越严重。本研究中,该量表Cronbach α系数为0.832。
采用SPSS 27.0对数据进行统计分析,使用Harman单因素进行共同方法偏差检验;使用均数、标准差对各变量进行描述性统计;采用Pearson相关性对各变量间的关系进行分析描述研究变量之间的关联;运用PROCESS宏程序中模型14和Bootstrap法进行有调节的中介路径检验和分析,检验水准α=0.05。
结果显示,210名随迁老人年龄多集中于60~74岁(71.0%),详细情况见表1
共同方法偏差是指在研究过程中由于调查样本的选择,测试环境的一致性,以及一些其他干扰因素造成的系统误差。采用Harman单因子检验法分析共同方法偏差,对代际情感支持、无聊倾向、睡眠问题与抑郁情绪的原始题目进行未旋转的探索性因子分析。统计分析结果表明,有8个因子的特征值均大于1,第一个因子解释26.50%的变异量,小于40%的临界值,说明不存在严重的共同方法偏差。
Pearson相关分析显示,代际情感支持与抑郁情绪、无聊倾向、睡眠问题呈负相关,无聊倾向、睡眠问题与抑郁情绪呈正相关。人口学变量中性别、教育程度、户口性质、健康状况自评和医疗费用支付方式与四个主要变量相关。因此,在后续的分析中,将其纳入模型进行分析。具体见表2
本研究在控制社会人口学特征的基础上,以代际情感支持为自变量,无聊倾向为中介变量,抑郁情绪为因变量。采用SPSS宏程序PROCESS中Model 4对数据进行分析,变量均进行中心化处理。结果显示,代际情感支持负向预测抑郁情绪(β=-0.354, t=-5.973, P<0.001)和无聊倾向(β=-0.384, t=-5.912, P<0.001)。在引入无聊倾向变量做中介后,代际情感支持负向预测抑郁情绪(β=-0.225, t=-3.760, P<0.001),无聊倾向正向预测抑郁情绪(β=0.336, t=5.635, P<0.001)。无聊倾向在代际情感支持与抑郁情绪之间的中介效应95%置信区间为[-0. 215,-0.068],表明中介效应显著,且为不完全中介作用。其中中介效应量为0.129,中介效应占总效应的36.44%。详见表3
在中介效应的基础上,进一步探究睡眠问题的调节效应。为验证中介作用的后半段路径是否受睡眠问题的调节,采用SPSS宏程序PROCESS中Model 14对数据进行分析。结果显示,无聊倾向与抑郁情绪呈正相关(β=0.247, t=4.358, P<0.001),无聊倾向与睡眠问题的交互项对抑郁情绪(β=0.137, t=2.647, P=0.009)的预测作用显著,代际情感支持显著负向预测抑郁情绪(β=-0.173, t=-3.123, P=0.002),这表明,睡眠问题调节了中介过程的后半段路径,有调节的中介模型成立。详见表4
为了更详尽地阐释睡眠问题的调节作用,在不同睡眠问题水平下对代际情感支持通过无聊倾向这一中介变量与抑郁情绪的关系进行了简单斜率分析。结果显示,在睡眠问题处于低水平(β=0.110, t=1.409, P=0.160)时,无聊倾向对抑郁情绪不具有预测作用);当睡眠问题处于中等(β=0.247, t=4.358, P< 0.001)和高水平(β=0.384, t=5.076, P< 0.001)时,无聊倾向对抑郁情绪具有正向预测作用,且相对于睡眠问题处于中等水平的随迁老人,睡眠问题处于高水平的随迁老人无聊倾向对抑郁情绪的正向预测作用增强。具体见图1
本研究结果显示,代际情感支持显著负向预测随迁老人的抑郁情绪,这与以往相关的研究结果类似[17]。一方面,在孝道的实践中,子女给老年父母提供的情感支持,满足了随迁老人对子女的孝顺期待,符合中国传统文化背景下父母对子女精神层面的需求,有效缓解了抑郁情绪[18]。另一方面,代际情感支持在强化社会网络、改善心理状态和提升生活满意度方面发挥着重要作用[17]。对于随迁老人而言,在迁入地他们常常面对人际关系重建困难和沟通不足的困境。此时,子女的代际情感支持可能成为关键,可有效调节老年人资源的丧失,通过情感交流和日常的沟通,给予其理解、关怀和情感慰藉[19],能够有效缓解抑郁情绪,对心理健康产生积极的作用。因此,对随迁老人的代际情感支持越多,其患抑郁的风险越低。这启示我们,针对随迁老人,加强家庭成员之间的沟通和情感联系,是缓解其抑郁情绪的重要策略。
研究结果发现无聊倾向在代际情感支持与随迁老人抑郁情绪之间起中介作用。研究结果符合控制价值理论,即代际情感支持通过无聊倾向的中介作用进而影响其抑郁情绪。已有研究表明,外部刺激(代际情感支持)的缺乏以及内部刺激(掌控感和价值感)的减少,容易使个体陷入无聊状态中[20]。家庭因素(家庭养老、照顾子女或孙辈等)是随迁老人进行迁移的主要原因。随迁老人转入迁移地后,来自家庭的支持,特别是来自子女的支持,是他们在陌生环境中获得掌控感的重要来源。若子女忽略与随迁老人的情感沟通,老年人的情感需求得不到满足,便容易产生无意义感和低价值感,导致无聊倾向[21]。神经心理机制表明,高无聊倾向者前额叶皮层活动异常,这种神经基础可能导致他们对环境刺激反应迟钝,难以从日常活动中获得满足感[22],久而久之个体对生活的意义感逐渐丧失,引发情绪低落、兴趣丧失等抑郁症状[3]。相反,当随迁老人感受到来自子女的情感支持时,他们能够在当前的生活环境中找到掌控感和价值感,适应新环境的信心增强,从而拥有更加丰富的心理情感资源。研究结果提示,家庭与社会应该共同努力,为随迁老人提供更多的情感支持和社会活动形式,缓解无聊倾向,增强其生活意义感,帮助他们更好地适应新的生活环境,保持身心健康,以避免或减少抑郁情绪的产生。
本研究还证实了睡眠问题在中介路径后半段的调节作用,即睡眠问题能够调节无聊倾向对随迁老人抑郁情绪的预测作用,符合“雪上加霜”模型。相对于中等睡眠问题的随迁老人,在睡眠问题较多的随迁老人群体中,无聊倾向对随迁老人抑郁情绪的正向预测作用被放大;而在睡眠问题较少的随迁老人群体中,无聊倾向对抑郁情绪的正向预测作用不再显著。
以往有研究发现,睡眠质量与控制感密切相关[23]。当随迁老人具有较严重的睡眠问题时,其对身体的掌控感更低,也越容易产生抑郁情绪。研究结果显示,无论无聊倾向程度高低与否,睡眠问题较严重的个体相比睡眠问题较轻的个体均表现出了更多的抑郁情绪,这证实了睡眠问题可能是随迁老人抑郁情绪的风险因素。此外,依据“雪上加霜”模型,缘于子女情感支持缺乏而导致无聊倾向的随迁老人可能会过于关注自身的内部状态,引发个体无意义感、注意力涣散、情感失调等问题,给个体带来心理压力[24]。然而因生活环境的改变,随迁老人的睡眠可能会受到影响。当随迁老人出现较为严重的睡眠问题时,他们对身体的掌控感就会降低,也更容易担心自身的健康状况[25]。在此情境下,随迁老人将面临“身”与“心”的双重压力,容易对随迁生活失去动力和热情,导致抑郁情绪。此时,无聊倾向对抑郁情绪的预测作用表现出正向显著的增强作用。相反,如果随迁老人的睡眠问题较轻,也更容易拥有积极的自我老化感知[26],可能会寻求更多方式转移自身注意力,增强自身的价值感,比如参加更多的社区活动,或者进行更多的社会参与以寻求生活意义感[27],减少抑郁情绪。本研究探讨睡眠问题在代际情感支持通过无聊倾向影响随迁老人抑郁情绪路径间的调节作用,提示社区工作者及研究者一方面要需要注意和识别随迁老人抑郁情绪的风险因素(低代际情感支持、无聊倾向)。另一方面应及时关注随迁老人的睡眠问题并进行适当干预,对缓解抑郁情绪具有重要意义。
本研究存在一些局限,有待未来的研究加以完善。首先,本研究采用横断面研究设计,尚不能判断随迁老年人代际情感支持与抑郁情绪的绝对因果关系,未来可以采用追踪研究。其次,本研究仅在河南省一部分社区开展调查,对全国其他地区的代表性程度,未来还需要通过大样本,多中心的队列研究来进一步论证。最后,本研究仅探讨了代际情感支持与随迁老人抑郁情绪的关系以及两者间的内在作用机制(无聊倾向的中介以及睡眠问题的调节)。未来研究一方面还可以引入更多的中介变量和调节变量,如社会参与、自我老化感知等,以进一步丰富研究框架,解释两者间更复杂的因果关系。另一方面还可以引入更多的视角,比如社区因素、配偶因素等,以进一步丰富随迁老人的心理健康研究。
综上所述,代际情感支持对随迁老年人的抑郁情绪具有保护作用,无聊倾向在代际情感支持与抑郁情绪间的中介作用和睡眠问题在无聊倾向与抑郁情绪间的调节作用成立。针对相关研究结果,建议家庭成员与社区协同合作,通过加强社区教育和活动,提供心理健康服务以及更为有效的健康管理等途径,加强家庭成员之间的沟通和情感联系,缓解随迁老人的无聊倾向,改善睡眠问题,以避免和减少随迁老人的抑郁情绪。
  • 河南省重点研发与推广专项(科技攻关)项目(252102320193; 242102320164; 232102310508)
  • 河南省高校人文社会科学研究一般项目(2024-zzjh-299)
  • 河南省社会科学界联合会调研课题(SKL-2024-350)
  • 河南省哲学社会科学规划项目(2023BJY006)
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2025年第52卷第14期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501015
  • 接收时间:2025-01-02
  • 首发时间:2026-03-16
  • 出版时间:2025-07-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-01-02
基金
河南省重点研发与推广专项(科技攻关)项目(252102320193; 242102320164; 232102310508)
河南省高校人文社会科学研究一般项目(2024-zzjh-299)
河南省社会科学界联合会调研课题(SKL-2024-350)
河南省哲学社会科学规划项目(2023BJY006)
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    河南大学护理与健康学院,河南 开封 475001

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
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Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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