Article(id=1240395010743530333, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240395006914130733, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501172, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1736438400000, receivedDateStr=2025-01-10, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773662815986, onlineDateStr=2026-03-16, pubDate=1753372800000, pubDateStr=2025-07-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773662815986, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-16, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773662815986, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773662815986, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240395006914130733, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='14', pageStart='2497', pageEnd='2688', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1773662815073, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773662858015, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1240395187109810535, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240395006914130733, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1240395187109810536, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240395006914130733, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2526, endPage=2531, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240395011112629105, articleId=1240395010743530333, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Analysis of the epidemic characteristics and related factors of dyslipidemia in adults of Nu ethnicity residents, columnId=1228016567443718970, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Epidemiology and Statistical Methods Advances, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To understand the prevalence of dyslipidemia among Nu residents with different characteristics in Yunnan Province, and analyze the associated risk factors of dyslipidemia.

Methods

In 2021, we used a multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method to select permanent Nu residents aged 18 and above in Nujiang Prefecture, Yunnan Province as survey subjects. We obtained survey subject information through three parts: questionnaire survey, body measurement, and laboratory examination. To analyze the prevalence intensity and distribution characteristics of dyslipidemia among Nu residents in Yunnan Province, and to explore the related influencing factors of dyslipidemia among Nu residents.

Results

This study included a total of 963 valid participants. The prevalence of dyslipidemia among Nu ethnicity residents aged 18 and above was 35.5%. The prevalence rates of hypercholesterolemia (TC), hypertriglyceridemia (TG), high LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), and low HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) were 15.5%, 12.4%, 10.6%, and 15.9%, respectively. Significant risk factors for dyslipidemia included age ≥60 years (OR=1.527, 95% CI=1.007-2.315), overweight (OR=3.194, 95% CI=1.417-7.197), obesity (OR=3.112, 95% CI=1.267-7.645), hypertension (OR=1.395, 95% CI=1.027-1.895), and diabetes mellitus (OR=2.022, 95% CI=1.341-3.049).

Conclusion

The prevalence rate of dyslipidemia among adults of the Nu ethnic group is close to the national average. The next step will be to focus on high-risk groups such as those aged≥60 years, overweight, and obese, while strengthening the management of patients with chronic diseases such as hypertension and diabetes to effectively reduce the prevalence of dyslipidemia.

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目的

了解云南省怒族居民不同特征人群中血脂异常的流行状况,分析血脂异常的相关危险因素。

方法

于2021年采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法抽取云南省怒江州的18岁及以上常住怒族居民为调查对象,通过问卷调查、体格检查和实验室检查三部分内容获取调查对象信息。分析云南省怒族居民血脂异常的流行强度及分布特征,探讨怒族居民血脂异常的相关影响因素。

结果

本研究共纳入有效调查对象963人,怒族18岁及以上居民血脂异常患病率为35.5%,高总胆固醇(TC)血症、高甘油三酯(TG)血症、高低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)血症及低高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)血症的患病率分别为15.5%、12.4%、10.6%和15.9%。年龄≥60岁(OR=1.527,95% CI:1.007~2.315)、超重(OR=3.194,95% CI:1.417~7.197)、肥胖(OR=3.112,95% CI:1.267~7.645)、高血压(OR=1.395,95% CI:1.027~1.895)及糖尿病(OR=2.022,95% CI:1.341~3.049)病史者,血脂异常患病风险较高。

结论

云南省怒族成人血脂异常患病率与全国接近,下一步将重点关注年龄≥60岁、超重、肥胖等高危人群,同时加强对高血压、糖尿病等慢性病患者的管理从而有效降低血脂异常患病率。

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邵英,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=wh6RQhIL7at06bnfD72Ecw==, magXml=MHuY9tktS7WAFVVQ8l1OGQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=s6wKqfneOfrjppZKunXkZA==, pdfFileSize=754520, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=5KYEsT8sWA/m59Sdig1aWA==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

王梅仙(1995—),女,硕士,医师,研究方向:慢性非传染性疾病预防与控制

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Prevalence and influencing factors of dyslipidemia among the residents(35-75 years old)in Liaoning Province[J]. Chinese Journal of Prevention and Control of Chronic Diseases, 2023, 31(7): 485-488. (In Chinese), articleTitle=Prevalence and influencing factors of dyslipidemia among the residents(35-75 years old)in Liaoning Province, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240413545783948091, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240395010743530333, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=25, issue=2, pageStart=23, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=45, authorNames=佚名, journalName=上海护理, refType=null, unstructuredReference=佚名.国家卫生健康委办公厅发布《体重管理指导原则(2024年版)》[J].上海护理2025,25(2):23., articleTitle=国家卫生健康委办公厅发布《体重管理指导原则(2024年版)》, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240413545876222785, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240395010743530333, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=25, issue=2, pageStart=23, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=46, authorNames=Anonym, journalName=Shanghai Nursing, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Anonym.The General Office of the National Health Commission issued the “Guiding Principles for Weight Management (2024 Edition)”[J]. 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(In Chinese), articleTitle=The General Office of the National Health Commission issued the “Guiding Principles for Weight Management (2024 Edition)”, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1240413532001464468, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240395010743530333, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240413532022435990, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240395010743530333, companyId=1240413532001464468, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Yunnan Center for Disease Contral and Prevention, Kunming, Yunnan 650022, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240413532026630296, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240395010743530333, companyId=1240413532001464468, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.云南省疾病预防控制中心,云南 昆明 650022)]), AuthorCompany(id=1240413532202791068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240395010743530333, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240413532223762588, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240395010743530333, companyId=1240413532202791068, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.怒江州疾病预防控制中心)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1240413536648753525, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240395010743530333, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Basic information of the survey participants[n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
男性女性合计
年龄组(岁)
18~44182(18.9)199(20.7)381(39.6)
45~59186(19.3)219(22.7)405(42.1)
≥6071(7.4)106(11.0)177(18.4)
文化程度
小学以下150(15.6)258(26.8)408(42.3)
小学毕业172(17.9)166(17.2)338(35.1)
初中毕业87(9.0)84(8.7)171(17.8)
高中/中专/技校17(1.8)11(1.1)28(2.9)
大专及以上13(1.3)5(0.5)18(1.9)
婚姻状况
未婚39(4.0)11(1.1)50(5.2)
已婚/同居378(39.3)468(48.6)846(87.8)
丧偶/离婚/分居22(2.3)45(4.7)67(7.0)
职业
农民/工人/服务业399(41.4)466(48.4)865(89.8)
机关/企事业单位/专业技术7(0.7)3(0.3)10(1.1)
其他劳动者21(2.2)28(2.9)49(5.1)
在校学生/未就业/家务12(1.2)27(2.8)39(4.0)
合计439(45.6)524(54.4)963(100.0)
), ArticleFig(id=1240413536787165572, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240395010743530333, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

调查对象的基本信息[n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
男性女性合计
年龄组(岁)
18~44182(18.9)199(20.7)381(39.6)
45~59186(19.3)219(22.7)405(42.1)
≥6071(7.4)106(11.0)177(18.4)
文化程度
小学以下150(15.6)258(26.8)408(42.3)
小学毕业172(17.9)166(17.2)338(35.1)
初中毕业87(9.0)84(8.7)171(17.8)
高中/中专/技校17(1.8)11(1.1)28(2.9)
大专及以上13(1.3)5(0.5)18(1.9)
婚姻状况
未婚39(4.0)11(1.1)50(5.2)
已婚/同居378(39.3)468(48.6)846(87.8)
丧偶/离婚/分居22(2.3)45(4.7)67(7.0)
职业
农民/工人/服务业399(41.4)466(48.4)865(89.8)
机关/企事业单位/专业技术7(0.7)3(0.3)10(1.1)
其他劳动者21(2.2)28(2.9)49(5.1)
在校学生/未就业/家务12(1.2)27(2.8)39(4.0)
合计439(45.6)524(54.4)963(100.0)
), ArticleFig(id=1240413536912994702, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240395010743530333, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Prevalence of Dyslipidemia among different characteristic groups of Nu ethnic adults in yunnan province

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
人口学特征有效调查人数血脂异常
(%)
高TC血症
(%)
高TG血症
(%)
高LDL-C血症(%)低HDL-C血症(%)
性别
43939.016.415.210.917.7
52432.614.710.110.314.4
χ22.0030.1240.7281.6061.880
P0.1570.7250.3940.2050.169
年龄组(岁)
18~4438131.29.811.27.218.6
45~5940542.622.716.814.312.1
≥6017743.829.310.819.89.8
χ210.29234.3244.16019.6279.986
P<0.05<0.0010.125<0.001<0.05
现在吸烟
17636.116.415.39.613.8
78735.415.211.710.816.4
χ20.4471.0660.1430.0220.919
P0.5040.3020.7050.8820.338
饮酒
不饮酒74734.914.111.89.816.7
少量饮酒14134.318.411.213.712.1
危险饮酒2259.019.520.410.331.2
有害饮酒5338.222.119.610.912.7
χ23.2306.3940.6393.3426.760
P0.3580.0940.8870.3420.080
蔬菜水果摄入不足
72636.214.313.29.417.6
23733.318.810.114.011.0
χ20.0221.9440.4670.9830.856
P0.8820.1630.4950.3220.355
红肉摄入过量
48038.018.112.712.816.2
48333.012.812.18.315.6
χ20.5443.5580.0030.9740.652
P0.4610.0590.9590.3240.419
锻炼情况
经常锻炼15424.29.48.75.111.7
偶尔锻炼3835.16.025.52.922.3
不锻炼77138.117.612.212.416.4
χ22.3694.1984.9095.5032.275
P0.3060.1230.0860.0640.321
每日睡眠时间(h)
≥9 h30032.617.912.013.411.1
7~8 h57437.714.712.89.518.5
<7 h8929.912.911.19.313.7
χ20.1372.2160.0862.2753.381
P0.9340.3300.9580.3210.184
超重及肥胖
低体重3826.326.3022.90
正常体重40522.612.96.09.46.2
超重37248.817.518.610.925.6
肥胖14846.916.923.211.026.7
χ236.2281.24038.9650.59442.122
P<0.0010.743<0.0010.898<0.001
中心性肥胖
34150.221.919.317.523.3
62229.713.09.77.913.0
χ223.5253.52617.4387.36716.414
P<0.0010.060<0.001<0.05<0.001
高血压
36949.725.822.516.215.5
59430.011.58.58.416.1
χ225.44217.57627.3715.4470.024
P<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.050.877
糖尿病
12659.829.028.520.022.6
83733.014.110.89.615.2
χ226.6989.77819.8523.4875.169
P<0.001<0.05<0.0010.062<0.05
合计96335.515.512.410.615.9
), ArticleFig(id=1240413537097544088, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240395010743530333, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

云南省怒族不同特征群体血脂异常患病率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
人口学特征有效调查人数血脂异常
(%)
高TC血症
(%)
高TG血症
(%)
高LDL-C血症(%)低HDL-C血症(%)
性别
43939.016.415.210.917.7
52432.614.710.110.314.4
χ22.0030.1240.7281.6061.880
P0.1570.7250.3940.2050.169
年龄组(岁)
18~4438131.29.811.27.218.6
45~5940542.622.716.814.312.1
≥6017743.829.310.819.89.8
χ210.29234.3244.16019.6279.986
P<0.05<0.0010.125<0.001<0.05
现在吸烟
17636.116.415.39.613.8
78735.415.211.710.816.4
χ20.4471.0660.1430.0220.919
P0.5040.3020.7050.8820.338
饮酒
不饮酒74734.914.111.89.816.7
少量饮酒14134.318.411.213.712.1
危险饮酒2259.019.520.410.331.2
有害饮酒5338.222.119.610.912.7
χ23.2306.3940.6393.3426.760
P0.3580.0940.8870.3420.080
蔬菜水果摄入不足
72636.214.313.29.417.6
23733.318.810.114.011.0
χ20.0221.9440.4670.9830.856
P0.8820.1630.4950.3220.355
红肉摄入过量
48038.018.112.712.816.2
48333.012.812.18.315.6
χ20.5443.5580.0030.9740.652
P0.4610.0590.9590.3240.419
锻炼情况
经常锻炼15424.29.48.75.111.7
偶尔锻炼3835.16.025.52.922.3
不锻炼77138.117.612.212.416.4
χ22.3694.1984.9095.5032.275
P0.3060.1230.0860.0640.321
每日睡眠时间(h)
≥9 h30032.617.912.013.411.1
7~8 h57437.714.712.89.518.5
<7 h8929.912.911.19.313.7
χ20.1372.2160.0862.2753.381
P0.9340.3300.9580.3210.184
超重及肥胖
低体重3826.326.3022.90
正常体重40522.612.96.09.46.2
超重37248.817.518.610.925.6
肥胖14846.916.923.211.026.7
χ236.2281.24038.9650.59442.122
P<0.0010.743<0.0010.898<0.001
中心性肥胖
34150.221.919.317.523.3
62229.713.09.77.913.0
χ223.5253.52617.4387.36716.414
P<0.0010.060<0.001<0.05<0.001
高血压
36949.725.822.516.215.5
59430.011.58.58.416.1
χ225.44217.57627.3715.4470.024
P<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.050.877
糖尿病
12659.829.028.520.022.6
83733.014.110.89.615.2
χ226.6989.77819.8523.4875.169
P<0.001<0.05<0.0010.062<0.05
合计96335.515.512.410.615.9
), ArticleFig(id=1240413537219178914, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240395010743530333, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Results of multivariate logistic regression analysis on factors influencing the prevalence of Dyslipidemia

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量β标准误Wald χ2POR值(95% CI
性别(ref 男性)
女性-0.1880.1551.4680.2260.829(0.612~1.123)
年龄组(岁)(ref 18~44)
45~590.2940.1603.3750.0661.341(0.981~1.835)
≥600.4230.2123.968<0.051.527(1.007~2.315)
现在吸烟(ref 否)
0.2330.2350.9840.3211.263(0.796~2.001)
饮酒(ref 不饮酒)
少量饮酒0.6680.4741.9900.1581.951(0.771~4.939)
危险饮酒-0.0650.3400.0360.8490.937(0.481~1.826)
有害饮酒-0.1030.2250.2080.6490.902(0.580~1.404)
蔬菜水果摄入不足(ref 否)
-0.0400.1720.0540.8150.961(0.685~1.346)
红肉摄入过多(ref 否)
0.0490.1510.1070.7441.051(0.782~1.412)
锻炼(ref 经常锻炼)
偶尔锻炼0.5220.3911.7800.1821.685(0.783~3.625)
从不锻炼0.2430.1961.5330.2161.275(0.868~1.874)
每日睡眠时间(ref <7小时)
7~8小时0.0610.2680.0520.8201.063(0.629~1.797)
≥9小时0.0850.2510.1140.7361.088(0.666~1.779)
超重及肥胖(ref 低体重)
正常体重0.4950.4101.4580.2271.640(0.735~3.662)
超重1.1610.4147.849<0.053.194(1.417~7.197)
肥胖1.1350.4596.131<0.053.112(1.267~7.645)
中心性肥胖(ref 否)
0.1600.1920.6970.4041.174(0.806~1.710)
高血压(ref 否)
0.3330.1564.529<0.051.395(1.027~1.895)
糖尿病(ref 否)
0.7040.21011.275<0.052.022(1.341~3.049)
), ArticleFig(id=1240413537328230829, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240395010743530333, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

血脂异常患病率影响因素的多元logistic回归分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量β标准误Wald χ2POR值(95% CI
性别(ref 男性)
女性-0.1880.1551.4680.2260.829(0.612~1.123)
年龄组(岁)(ref 18~44)
45~590.2940.1603.3750.0661.341(0.981~1.835)
≥600.4230.2123.968<0.051.527(1.007~2.315)
现在吸烟(ref 否)
0.2330.2350.9840.3211.263(0.796~2.001)
饮酒(ref 不饮酒)
少量饮酒0.6680.4741.9900.1581.951(0.771~4.939)
危险饮酒-0.0650.3400.0360.8490.937(0.481~1.826)
有害饮酒-0.1030.2250.2080.6490.902(0.580~1.404)
蔬菜水果摄入不足(ref 否)
-0.0400.1720.0540.8150.961(0.685~1.346)
红肉摄入过多(ref 否)
0.0490.1510.1070.7441.051(0.782~1.412)
锻炼(ref 经常锻炼)
偶尔锻炼0.5220.3911.7800.1821.685(0.783~3.625)
从不锻炼0.2430.1961.5330.2161.275(0.868~1.874)
每日睡眠时间(ref <7小时)
7~8小时0.0610.2680.0520.8201.063(0.629~1.797)
≥9小时0.0850.2510.1140.7361.088(0.666~1.779)
超重及肥胖(ref 低体重)
正常体重0.4950.4101.4580.2271.640(0.735~3.662)
超重1.1610.4147.849<0.053.194(1.417~7.197)
肥胖1.1350.4596.131<0.053.112(1.267~7.645)
中心性肥胖(ref 否)
0.1600.1920.6970.4041.174(0.806~1.710)
高血压(ref 否)
0.3330.1564.529<0.051.395(1.027~1.895)
糖尿病(ref 否)
0.7040.21011.275<0.052.022(1.341~3.049)
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怒族成人血脂异常流行特征及相关因素分析
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王梅仙 1 , 孟浩蓉 1 , 王新琳 2 , 杨卫美 2 , 高娇 1 , 邵英 1
现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2025,52(14): 2526-2531
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现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2025, 52(14): 2526-2531
怒族成人血脂异常流行特征及相关因素分析
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王梅仙1, 孟浩蓉1, 王新琳2, 杨卫美2, 高娇1, 邵英1
作者信息
  • 1.云南省疾病预防控制中心,云南 昆明 650022
  • 2.怒江州疾病预防控制中心
  • 王梅仙(1995—),女,硕士,医师,研究方向:慢性非传染性疾病预防与控制

通讯作者:

邵英,E-mail:
Analysis of the epidemic characteristics and related factors of dyslipidemia in adults of Nu ethnicity residents
Mei-xian WANG1, Hao-rong MENG1, Xin-lin WANG2, Wei-mei YANG2, Jiao GAO1, Ying SHAO1
Affiliations
  • Yunnan Center for Disease Contral and Prevention, Kunming, Yunnan 650022, China
出版时间: 2025-07-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501172
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目的

了解云南省怒族居民不同特征人群中血脂异常的流行状况,分析血脂异常的相关危险因素。

方法

于2021年采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法抽取云南省怒江州的18岁及以上常住怒族居民为调查对象,通过问卷调查、体格检查和实验室检查三部分内容获取调查对象信息。分析云南省怒族居民血脂异常的流行强度及分布特征,探讨怒族居民血脂异常的相关影响因素。

结果

本研究共纳入有效调查对象963人,怒族18岁及以上居民血脂异常患病率为35.5%,高总胆固醇(TC)血症、高甘油三酯(TG)血症、高低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)血症及低高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)血症的患病率分别为15.5%、12.4%、10.6%和15.9%。年龄≥60岁(OR=1.527,95% CI:1.007~2.315)、超重(OR=3.194,95% CI:1.417~7.197)、肥胖(OR=3.112,95% CI:1.267~7.645)、高血压(OR=1.395,95% CI:1.027~1.895)及糖尿病(OR=2.022,95% CI:1.341~3.049)病史者,血脂异常患病风险较高。

结论

云南省怒族成人血脂异常患病率与全国接近,下一步将重点关注年龄≥60岁、超重、肥胖等高危人群,同时加强对高血压、糖尿病等慢性病患者的管理从而有效降低血脂异常患病率。

血脂异常  /  患病率  /  影响因素
Objective

To understand the prevalence of dyslipidemia among Nu residents with different characteristics in Yunnan Province, and analyze the associated risk factors of dyslipidemia.

Methods

In 2021, we used a multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method to select permanent Nu residents aged 18 and above in Nujiang Prefecture, Yunnan Province as survey subjects. We obtained survey subject information through three parts: questionnaire survey, body measurement, and laboratory examination. To analyze the prevalence intensity and distribution characteristics of dyslipidemia among Nu residents in Yunnan Province, and to explore the related influencing factors of dyslipidemia among Nu residents.

Results

This study included a total of 963 valid participants. The prevalence of dyslipidemia among Nu ethnicity residents aged 18 and above was 35.5%. The prevalence rates of hypercholesterolemia (TC), hypertriglyceridemia (TG), high LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), and low HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) were 15.5%, 12.4%, 10.6%, and 15.9%, respectively. Significant risk factors for dyslipidemia included age ≥60 years (OR=1.527, 95% CI=1.007-2.315), overweight (OR=3.194, 95% CI=1.417-7.197), obesity (OR=3.112, 95% CI=1.267-7.645), hypertension (OR=1.395, 95% CI=1.027-1.895), and diabetes mellitus (OR=2.022, 95% CI=1.341-3.049).

Conclusion

The prevalence rate of dyslipidemia among adults of the Nu ethnic group is close to the national average. The next step will be to focus on high-risk groups such as those aged≥60 years, overweight, and obese, while strengthening the management of patients with chronic diseases such as hypertension and diabetes to effectively reduce the prevalence of dyslipidemia.

Dyslipidemia  /  Epidemic characteristics  /  Related factors
王梅仙, 孟浩蓉, 王新琳, 杨卫美, 高娇, 邵英. 怒族成人血脂异常流行特征及相关因素分析. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (14) : 2526 -2531 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501172
Mei-xian WANG, Hao-rong MENG, Xin-lin WANG, Wei-mei YANG, Jiao GAO, Ying SHAO. Analysis of the epidemic characteristics and related factors of dyslipidemia in adults of Nu ethnicity residents[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (14) : 2526 -2531 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501172
血脂异常被视为缺血性脑卒中、冠心病等心脑血管疾病的一个重要且独立的危险因素[1]。血脂异常是动脉粥样硬化的主要原因[2],以动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病(atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease,ASCVD)为主的心血管疾病是我国城乡居民第一位死亡原因,占死因构成的40%以上[3]。我国成人血脂异常的总体患病率显著上升,由2002年的18.6%增加至2018年的35.6%[4],血脂管理刻不容缓。云南少数民族聚居地区作为国家扶贫工作的主战场,人群中血脂异常及其伴随慢性病的发病率增长,可能成为导致脱贫人口重新返贫的重要因素。怒族是云南省一个独特的少数民族群体,其历史发展轨迹独特,直接从原始社会末期及奴隶社会初期过渡到社会主义社会,人口分别相对集中,主要聚居在滇西北怒江傈僳族自治州所辖的贡山、福贡及兰坪等地区。人口数量较少,2021年统计人数为3.66万人[5]。怒族居民的饮食习惯别具一格[6],其膳食中肉类食物较为充裕,而日常的主食则主要由荞麦、玉米(包谷)等粮食制成[7]。截至目前,国内针对怒族血脂异常的横断面调查与研究资料相对较少。因此,开展关于怒族血脂异常流行特征的研究,对于推动少数民族慢性病的预防与控制工作具有重要意义。本研究对云南省怒族2021年成人主要慢性病及其相关危险因素监测数据进行了深入分析,了解怒族人群血脂异常的流行病学特征及其群体间分布差异,并深入探讨其潜在危险因素,为制定相关防治策略提供理论支撑和数据参考。
本次研究数据源于云南省福贡县2021年开展的成人主要慢性病及其危险因素监测项目。调查对象为在该县居住≥6个月、年龄≥18岁的怒族常住居民,排除了孕妇、患有严重疾病或残疾障碍、存在认知障碍等可能影响调查结果准确性的个体,共抽取调查对象1 085人,排除了122人,最终纳入调查对象963人,应答率88.8%。该项目获得了云南省疾病预防控制中心科学研究伦理委员会的审查批准,审批号:伦审批2020-17号,所有参与调查的人员均签署了知情同意书。
本次调查采用现况调查样本量计算方法估算最小样本量为每个调查点770人。各调查点采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样的方法进行抽样:首先每个调查点采用简单随机抽样法抽取4个乡镇/街道;其次每个抽中的乡镇/街道采用简单随机抽样法抽取2个行政村/居委会;再次每个抽中的行政村/居委会内,以不少于60户为规模将居民户划分为若干个村民/居民小组;最后采用简单随机抽样法抽取1个村民/居民小组,在小组中抽取60户左右,调査户中18岁及以上怒族常住居民接受调査。
(1)问卷调查:个人基本情况、生活习惯(吸烟、饮酒、睡眠情况、身体活动水平),主要慢性病患病、治疗及控制情况等。
(2)身体测量:身高、体重、血压和心率。
(3)实验室指标:血清脂质代谢四项总胆固醇(Total cholesterol,TC)、甘油三酯(Triglyceride,TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(High density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(Low density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C)及空腹血糖水平测定。对于无糖尿病诊断史的调查对象,需进行口服葡萄糖耐量试验(Oral glucose tolerance test,OGTT),即在空腹状态下摄入75 g无水葡萄糖溶液,并于2 h后测定血糖浓度。
血脂异常:根据《中国成人血脂异常防治指南(2016年修订版)》[8]推荐的标准,高TC血症(TC≥6.2 mmol/L)、TG血症(TG≥2.2 mmol/L)、低HDL-C血症(HDL-C<1.0 mmol/L)、高LDL-C血症(LDL-C≥4.1 mmol/L),血脂异常为存在上述四类血脂异常中的1种或以上者,或近14天内曾使用降脂类药物(依据患者主诉)。
体质指数(Body Mass Index, BMI):低体重为BMI<18.5;正常体重为18.5≤BMI≤23.9;超重为24≤BMI≤27.9;肥胖为BMI≥28.0。
危险饮酒:男性平均每日纯酒精摄入量介于41 g至61 g之间(不含61 g),而女性则为21 g至41 g之间(不含41 g);有害饮酒:男性平均每日纯酒精摄入量达到或超过61 g,女性则达到或超过41 g。
蔬菜、水果摄入不足:根据世界卫生组织(World Health Organization,WHO)的建议,每人每天应摄取不少于400 g的蔬菜和水果。在本研究中,若个体每日的蔬菜和水果摄取量低于此标准,则被认定为摄入不足。同时,世界癌症研究基金会提出,红肉(例如猪肉、牛肉和羊肉)的日均摄入量(以生重计)应不超过100 g。在本研究中,若个体的日均红肉摄入量超过此限值,则被视为摄入过量。
锻炼情况[9]:经常锻炼:>3次/周,>10 min/次;偶尔锻炼:1~2次/周,>10 min/次;从不锻炼:从不进行锻炼。
为保证监测工作质量,项目团队在调查的前期、中期及收尾阶段,均对各环节执行了严格的质量控制措施。调查对象置换率小于10%,所有调查指标的完成率均超过90%,其中身体测量指标(包括身高、体重、腰围及血压)的复核一致率高于95%。问卷录音质控审核合格率大于90%,数据完整率大于99.5%。
为使监测结果代表性更佳,对统计描述的结果进行事后分层权重的加权调整。利用SPSS 22.0 软件统计分析,采用卡方检验对不同特征群体的血脂异常患病率进行统计学分析,并运用多元logistic回归模型探讨其相关影响因素,检验水准α=0.05。
本次调查共有对象963人,男性439人,占45.6%,女性524人,占54.4%。18-44岁、45~59岁,60岁及以上年龄组人口分别为381人(39.6%)、405人(42.1%)、177人(18.4%)。调查对象的文化程度以小学及以下占比较高(77.4%);婚姻状况以已婚/同居占比较高(87.8%);职业以农民/工人/服务业者占比最高(89.8%)。见表1
云南省怒族2021年成人血脂异常患病率为35.5%,高总胆固醇血症、高甘油三酯血症、高低密度脂蛋白胆固醇血症、低高密度脂蛋白胆固醇血症的患病率分别为15.5%、12.4%、10.6%和15.9%。
各年龄段群体中,血脂异常、高总胆固醇血症、高低密度脂蛋白胆固醇血症三者的患病率均随年龄增加而逐渐上升,而低高密度脂蛋白胆固醇血症患病率却随年龄增长呈现下降趋势,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。此外,超重肥胖人群、中心性肥胖人群、高血压及糖尿病患者中,各类血脂异常患病率均要比正常人群高。见表2
采用二分类非条件logistic回归模型探讨血脂异常的影响因素,以血脂是否异常作为因变量(0=否,1=是),以单因素分析有统计学意义及参考既往文献认为对血脂异常有影响的变量(性别、年龄、现在吸烟、蔬菜水果摄入不足、高血压、糖尿病等)作为自变量进行分析,以赋值为1的类别作为参照类。
多因素分析结果显示,年龄≥60岁(OR=1.527,95% CI:1.007~2.315)、超重(OR=3.194,95% CI:1.417~7.197)、肥胖(OR=3.112,95% CI:1.267~7.645)、高血压(OR=1.395,95% CI:1.027~1.895)及糖尿病(OR=2.022,95% CI:1.341~3.049)病史者,血脂异常患病风险较高。见表3
本次研究结果显示,云南省怒族2021年成人血脂异常患病率为35.5%,与全国2018年平均水平(35.6%)接近[3],与其他地区相比,低于2020年昆明市(36.01%)[10]、2015年陕西省(40.36%)[11],但高于2012年保山市(34.9%)[12]、2018年如皋市(31.54%)[13]。与其他民族相比,低于广西瑶族(58.8%)[14]、云南省布朗族(50.36%)[15]、湘西少数民族(38.8%)[16],但高于贵州侗族(35.30%)、苗族(34.47%)[17]。各民族间血脂异常发病率的差异可能与饮食模式、健康意识、生活习惯以及体育锻炼习惯的差异性有关。广西瑶族散居山区,形成“岭南无山不有瑶”的分布局面,喜好烟酒;云南布朗族饮食偏好酱料和腌制品,饮酒文化盛行“逢酒必饮、饮则尽兴”;湘西少数民族饮食特色喜爱酸辣和腊味,也爱好饮酒。而既往研究表明,吸烟饮酒与血脂异常患病高风险相关[10-11]。贵州侗族苗族喜食油茶、红/白酸汤等食物[17],白酸汤作为贵州地区传统发酵调味品,其独特之处在于其含有干酪乳杆菌,可耐酸抗胆汁,增强宿主免疫力,并具有调节血脂、降低血浆胆固醇的作用[18]。怒族成人高TC血症患病率为15.5%,高TG血症患病率为12.4%,高LDL-C血症患病率为10.6%,低HDL-C血症患病率为15.9%,四种血脂异常类型较为均衡。
多因素分析结果显示,年龄≥60岁、超重、肥胖、高血压及糖尿病病史者,血脂异常患病风险较高。60岁及以上人群血脂异常患病率较高,可能与年龄增长导致不良生活习惯(如高脂饮食、缺乏运动、吸烟和饮酒)累积、身体机能衰退及代谢率降低有关。与马爱娟[19]、徐培培[13]的研究结果一致,超重与肥胖会导致血脂异常患病率的升高,这可能与超重或肥胖人群需要依赖体内储存的脂肪供能有关,脂肪供能时,会释放大量游离脂肪酸,促进肝脏合成TG和胆固醇。同时,脂肪细胞增生肥大及巨噬细胞浸润可引发脂肪组织功能障碍,导致血脂异常[20]。与以往研究相符[21-23],高血压和糖尿病患者中,血脂异常的患病率显著高于健康人群。高血压、糖尿病和血脂异常作为代谢综合征的组分,各疾病伴随存在,相互关联,但本次研究属于横断面调查,观察到了关联性但因果关系的结论需要今后进一步通过有时序性的资料(如队列研究)进行证明。
综上所述,云南省怒族成人血脂异常患病率接近全国水平。下一步应重点关注中等体力活动人群,加强高血压、糖尿病患者的规范化管理,开展定期随访和筛查尽可能早发现早干预。同时,各地应积极响应国家“体重管理年”活动,通过讲座、横幅、海报等形式,向大众特别是体重超标人群普及健康生活方式,可依据《体重管理指导原则(2024年版)》[24],推广限制能量饮食、均衡膳食、高蛋白饮食等多种减重饮食模式。此外,还需加强健康教育和健康促进工作,重点针对中老年群体,鼓励其维持健康体重,从而降低超重和肥胖发生率,有效控制血脂异常患病率。
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2025年第52卷第14期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501172
  • 接收时间:2025-01-10
  • 首发时间:2026-03-16
  • 出版时间:2025-07-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-01-10
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    1.云南省疾病预防控制中心,云南 昆明 650022
    2.怒江州疾病预防控制中心

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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