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Article(id=1240395009816580467, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240395006914130733, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501348, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1737388800000, receivedDateStr=2025-01-21, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773662815764, onlineDateStr=2026-03-16, pubDate=1753372800000, pubDateStr=2025-07-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773662815764, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-16, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773662815764, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773662815764, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240395006914130733, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='14', pageStart='2497', pageEnd='2688', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1773662815073, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773662858015, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1240395187109810535, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240395006914130733, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1240395187109810536, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240395006914130733, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2558, endPage=2562, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240395010043072892, articleId=1240395009816580467, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Analysis of the current status and associated factors of chronic pain among community-dwelling older adults, Shanghai, columnId=1228016572892119056, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Primary Health Services, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the prevalence and associated factors of chronic pain among community-dwelling older adults in Shanghai, China.

Methods

A multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method was employed to recruit residents aged ≥60 years from August to November 2023. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on demographic characteristics, pain status, and indicators of pain severity. Multivariate logistic regression was applied to identify factors associated with moderate to severe chronic pain.

Results

A total of 3 606 valid responses were obtained. The overall prevalence of chronic pain was 73.9%, with mild pain being the most common (60.4%). The mean age of participants was 73.2±9.4 years. The most frequently reported pain sites were the lumbosacral region, shoulders, and neck. Major pain relief approaches included traditional therapies (55.7%), topical medications (41.5%), and oral analgesics (40.1%). Pain intensity was significantly correlated with psychological distress (r=0.793) and impaired daily functioning (r=0.795). Female sex (OR=1.291), higher educational attainment (OR=1.620-1.679), poor spousal health (OR=1.777-3.112), and impaired ability of daily living (OR=0.481) were independently associated with increased risk of moderate to severe pain.

Conclusion

Chronic pain is highly prevalent among older adults in Shanghai communities, predominantly manifesting as mild pain. Female gender, higher education level, poor spousal health, and limited self-care ability are significant risk factors for moderate to severe pain. Early identification of high-risk individuals and multidimensional interventions are essential to improve pain management and reduce the burden of chronic pain in this population.

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目的

调查研究我国上海市社区老年人慢性疼痛现状及相关因素。

方法

使用多阶段分层整群抽样法，选取2023年8月至11月上海地区60岁及以上老年人为研究对象。通过自制问卷收集一般资料和疼痛状况，包括一般人口学资料、慢性疼痛情况、疼痛严重指标三方面。采用多因素logistic回归分析慢性疼痛相关因素。

结果

有效问卷共3 606份，慢性疼痛患病率73.9%，其中轻度疼痛比例（60.4%）最高，患者平均年龄（73.2±9.4）岁。疼痛常见部位为腰骶部、肩部和颈部，主要缓解方法为传统疗法（55.7%）、外用药物（41.49%）和口服止痛药（40.1%）。疼痛强度与精神痛苦、生活影响呈显著正相关关系（r=0.793和0.795）。女性（OR=1.291）、受教育程度较高（OR=1.620~1.679）及配偶健康状况较差（OR=1.777~3.112）显著增加老年人中重度疼痛风险，生活可以自理的老年人中重度疼痛风险显著降低（OR=0.481）。

结论

上海市社区老年人慢性疼痛患病率高，以轻度疼痛为主。女性、较高的教育水平、配偶健康状况较差以及不能自理的老年人群体更易出现中重度疼痛。应尽早识别并干预相关风险因素，并通过多维度关键因素筛查出高危人群，优化慢性疼痛的诊疗方案，降低中重度疼痛风险。

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鲍春龄，E-mail：
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点，除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=Pi/PypnoxYEMGTHRjgc0Dw==, magXml=1B5uVvTQT9A67JuPe6rU6g==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=PNdpQ/re8G2SXQzpvwEYHQ==, pdfFileSize=689268, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=zMrv1kXSzbSBzg1wc3WT7w==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

马祥（1997—），女，硕士，研究方向：针刺治疗痛症的疗效与机制研究

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马祥（1997—），女，硕士，研究方向：针刺治疗痛症的疗效与机制研究

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马祥（1997—），女，硕士，研究方向：针刺治疗痛症的疗效与机制研究

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(In Chinese), articleTitle=The moderating role of pain catastrophizing between pain vigilance and pain interference in chronic pain patients, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1240413545880417090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240395009816580467, awardId=2020YFC2008405; 2020YFC2008404, language=CN, fundingSource=国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFC2008405; 2020YFC2008404), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1240413546014634826, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240395009816580467, awardId=JCGZZ-2023044, language=CN, fundingSource=上海市名中医工作室基层工作站建设项目(JCGZZ-2023044), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1240413536120271173, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240395009816580467, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240413536124465479, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240395009816580467, companyId=1240413536120271173, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Yueyang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240413536137048392, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240395009816580467, companyId=1240413536120271173, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.上海中医药大学附属岳阳中西医结合医院，上海 200437)]), AuthorCompany(id=1240413536241906006, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240395009816580467, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240413536254488918, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240395009816580467, companyId=1240413536241906006, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.上海市虹口区嘉兴路街道社区卫生中心)]), AuthorCompany(id=1240413536367735136, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240395009816580467, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240413536376123745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240395009816580467, companyId=1240413536367735136, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.复旦大学附属中山医院)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1240413545138025238, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240395009816580467, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Univariate analysis of factors associated with chronic pain in the elderly

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量疼痛强度［n(%)］Z/χ2P值
无痛轻度疼痛中度疼痛重度疼痛
性别-5.094<0.001
男458(29.30)707(45.23)311(19.90)87(5.57)
女480(23.49)904(44.25)503(24.62)156(7.64)
年龄（岁）5.8000.760
60~69397(25.56)714(45.98)341(21.96)101(6.50)
70~79312(26.87)502(43.24)259(22.31)88(7.58)
80~89162(26.09)278(44.77)143(23.03)38(6.12)
≥9067(24.72)117(43.17)71(26.20)16(5.90)
BMI（kg/m2）14.8060.096
<18.537(26.24)70(49.65)23(16.31)11(7.80)
18.5~23.9649(26.37)1 118(45.43)531(21.58)163(6.62)
24~29.9173(24.20)297(41.54)192(26.85)53(7.41)
≥3079(27.34)126(43.60)68(23.53)16(5.54)
受教育程度18.8320.004
小学及以下118(25.88)210(46.05)95(20.83)33(7.24)
中学/中专589(24.30)1 101(45.42)574(23.68)160(6.60)
大专及以上231(31.82)300(41.32)145(19.97)50(6.89)
主要经济来源4.0520.256
退休养老金892(26.50)1 492(44.30)755(22.40)229(6.80)
子女的供养20(15.40)69(53.10)36(27.70)5(3.80)
银行存款7(20.00)17(48.60)5(14.30)6(17.10)
其他19(26.00)33(45.20)18(24.70)3(4.10)
退休前工作15.5820.004
公职人员66(27.05)93(38.11)74(30.33)11(4.51)
企业职工480(22.77)1 016(48.20)445(21.11)167(7.92)
灵活就业者40(27.40)71(48.63)25(17.12)10(6.85)
个体户/企业家34(23.45)69(47.59)34(23.45)8(5.52)
其他318(33.02)362(37.59)236(24.51)47(4.88)
配偶身体情况-181.088<0.001
很好74(46.25)62(38.75)19(11.88)5(3.13)
比较好255(33.55)322(42.37)153(20.13)30(3.95)
一般440(26.51)778(46.87)359(21.63)83(5.00)
不好77(23.26)126(38.07)88(26.59)40(12.08)
离异或丧偶92(13.24)323(46.47)195(28.06)85(12.23)
是否可以生活自理-11.192<0.001
不能64(11.64)234(42.55)167(30.36)85(15.45)
可以874(28.60)1 377(45.06)647(21.17)158(5.17)
平时是否需要照顾其他家人-0.8120.417
不需要603(26.80)960(42.70)512(22.80)175(7.80)
需要335(24.70)651(48.00)302(22.30)68(5.00)
), ArticleFig(id=1240413545314186018, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240395009816580467, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

老年人群慢性疼痛相关因素的单因素分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量疼痛强度［n(%)］Z/χ2P值
无痛轻度疼痛中度疼痛重度疼痛
性别-5.094<0.001
男458(29.30)707(45.23)311(19.90)87(5.57)
女480(23.49)904(44.25)503(24.62)156(7.64)
年龄（岁）5.8000.760
60~69397(25.56)714(45.98)341(21.96)101(6.50)
70~79312(26.87)502(43.24)259(22.31)88(7.58)
80~89162(26.09)278(44.77)143(23.03)38(6.12)
≥9067(24.72)117(43.17)71(26.20)16(5.90)
BMI（kg/m2）14.8060.096
<18.537(26.24)70(49.65)23(16.31)11(7.80)
18.5~23.9649(26.37)1 118(45.43)531(21.58)163(6.62)
24~29.9173(24.20)297(41.54)192(26.85)53(7.41)
≥3079(27.34)126(43.60)68(23.53)16(5.54)
受教育程度18.8320.004
小学及以下118(25.88)210(46.05)95(20.83)33(7.24)
中学/中专589(24.30)1 101(45.42)574(23.68)160(6.60)
大专及以上231(31.82)300(41.32)145(19.97)50(6.89)
主要经济来源4.0520.256
退休养老金892(26.50)1 492(44.30)755(22.40)229(6.80)
子女的供养20(15.40)69(53.10)36(27.70)5(3.80)
银行存款7(20.00)17(48.60)5(14.30)6(17.10)
其他19(26.00)33(45.20)18(24.70)3(4.10)
退休前工作15.5820.004
公职人员66(27.05)93(38.11)74(30.33)11(4.51)
企业职工480(22.77)1 016(48.20)445(21.11)167(7.92)
灵活就业者40(27.40)71(48.63)25(17.12)10(6.85)
个体户/企业家34(23.45)69(47.59)34(23.45)8(5.52)
其他318(33.02)362(37.59)236(24.51)47(4.88)
配偶身体情况-181.088<0.001
很好74(46.25)62(38.75)19(11.88)5(3.13)
比较好255(33.55)322(42.37)153(20.13)30(3.95)
一般440(26.51)778(46.87)359(21.63)83(5.00)
不好77(23.26)126(38.07)88(26.59)40(12.08)
离异或丧偶92(13.24)323(46.47)195(28.06)85(12.23)
是否可以生活自理-11.192<0.001
不能64(11.64)234(42.55)167(30.36)85(15.45)
可以874(28.60)1 377(45.06)647(21.17)158(5.17)
平时是否需要照顾其他家人-0.8120.417
不需要603(26.80)960(42.70)512(22.80)175(7.80)
需要335(24.70)651(48.00)302(22.30)68(5.00)
), ArticleFig(id=1240413545440015141, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240395009816580467, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Logistic regression analysis of factors associated with moderate to severe pain among older adults

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量β χ2P值OR(95% CI)
性别
男1
女0.2560.07810.7690.0011.291 (1.108~1.504)
受教育程度
小学及以下1
中学/中专0.5180.12616.806<0.0011.679 (1.311~2.151)
大专及以上0.4820.14910.4360.0011.620 (1.209~2.171)
退休前工作
公职人员1
企业职工-0.2280.1492.330.1270.796 (0.594~1.067)
灵活就业者-0.6290.2456.5990.0100.533 (0.33~0.861)
个体户/企业家-0.3210.2371.8380.1750.725 (0.456~1.154)
其他-0.2100.1591.7560.1850.810 (0.593~1.106)
配偶身体情况
很好1
比较好0.5750.2395.7680.0161.777 (1.112~2.842)
一般0.6960.2328.9890.0032.005 (1.272~3.159)
不好1.0810.25517.973<0.0012.946 (1.788~4.856)
离异或丧偶1.1350.24221.953<0.0013.112 (1.936~5.004)
是否可以生活自理
不能1
可以-0.7330.10845.874<0.0010.481 (0.389~0.594)
), ArticleFig(id=1240413545586815791, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240395009816580467, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同特征老年人群中重度疼痛风险logistic分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量β χ2P值OR(95% CI)
性别
男1
女0.2560.07810.7690.0011.291 (1.108~1.504)
受教育程度
小学及以下1
中学/中专0.5180.12616.806<0.0011.679 (1.311~2.151)
大专及以上0.4820.14910.4360.0011.620 (1.209~2.171)
退休前工作
公职人员1
企业职工-0.2280.1492.330.1270.796 (0.594~1.067)
灵活就业者-0.6290.2456.5990.0100.533 (0.33~0.861)
个体户/企业家-0.3210.2371.8380.1750.725 (0.456~1.154)
其他-0.2100.1591.7560.1850.810 (0.593~1.106)
配偶身体情况
很好1
比较好0.5750.2395.7680.0161.777 (1.112~2.842)
一般0.6960.2328.9890.0032.005 (1.272~3.159)
不好1.0810.25517.973<0.0012.946 (1.788~4.856)
离异或丧偶1.1350.24221.953<0.0013.112 (1.936~5.004)
是否可以生活自理
不能1
可以-0.7330.10845.874<0.0010.481 (0.389~0.594)
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上海市社区老年人慢性疼痛现状及相关因素分析
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马祥 1 , 焦志华 1 , 张安 1 , 黄玉钊 1 , 郭若耘 1 , 刘海霞 1 , 陆恺秋 1 , 雷一帆 1 , 刘柏霖 1 , 蒉潇飞 2 , 缪长虹 3 , 鲍春龄 1
现代预防医学 | 基层卫生服务 2025,52(14): 2558-2562
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现代预防医学 | 基层卫生服务 2025, 52(14): 2558-2562
上海市社区老年人慢性疼痛现状及相关因素分析
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马祥1, 焦志华1, 张安1, 黄玉钊1, 郭若耘1, 刘海霞1, 陆恺秋1, 雷一帆1, 刘柏霖1, 蒉潇飞2, 缪长虹3, 鲍春龄1
作者信息
  • 1.上海中医药大学附属岳阳中西医结合医院，上海 200437
  • 2.上海市虹口区嘉兴路街道社区卫生中心
  • 3.复旦大学附属中山医院

    • 马祥（1997—），女，硕士，研究方向：针刺治疗痛症的疗效与机制研究

通讯作者:

鲍春龄，E-mail：
Analysis of the current status and associated factors of chronic pain among community-dwelling older adults, Shanghai
Xiang MA1, Zhi-hua JIAO1, An ZHANG1, Yu-zhao HUANG1, Ruo-yun GUO1, Hai-xia LIU1, Kai-qiu LU1, Yi-fan LEI1, Bo-lin LIU1, xiao-fei KUI2, Chang-hong MIAO3, Chun-ling BAO1
Affiliations
  • Yueyang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
出版时间: 2025-07-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501348
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摘要
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目的

调查研究我国上海市社区老年人慢性疼痛现状及相关因素。

方法

使用多阶段分层整群抽样法，选取2023年8月至11月上海地区60岁及以上老年人为研究对象。通过自制问卷收集一般资料和疼痛状况，包括一般人口学资料、慢性疼痛情况、疼痛严重指标三方面。采用多因素logistic回归分析慢性疼痛相关因素。

结果

有效问卷共3 606份，慢性疼痛患病率73.9%，其中轻度疼痛比例（60.4%）最高，患者平均年龄（73.2±9.4）岁。疼痛常见部位为腰骶部、肩部和颈部，主要缓解方法为传统疗法（55.7%）、外用药物（41.49%）和口服止痛药（40.1%）。疼痛强度与精神痛苦、生活影响呈显著正相关关系（r=0.793和0.795）。女性（OR=1.291）、受教育程度较高（OR=1.620~1.679）及配偶健康状况较差（OR=1.777~3.112）显著增加老年人中重度疼痛风险，生活可以自理的老年人中重度疼痛风险显著降低（OR=0.481）。

结论

上海市社区老年人慢性疼痛患病率高，以轻度疼痛为主。女性、较高的教育水平、配偶健康状况较差以及不能自理的老年人群体更易出现中重度疼痛。应尽早识别并干预相关风险因素，并通过多维度关键因素筛查出高危人群，优化慢性疼痛的诊疗方案，降低中重度疼痛风险。

老年人  /  慢性疼痛  /  流行病学调查  /  相关因素分析
Objective

To investigate the prevalence and associated factors of chronic pain among community-dwelling older adults in Shanghai, China.

Methods

A multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method was employed to recruit residents aged ≥60 years from August to November 2023. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on demographic characteristics, pain status, and indicators of pain severity. Multivariate logistic regression was applied to identify factors associated with moderate to severe chronic pain.

Results

A total of 3 606 valid responses were obtained. The overall prevalence of chronic pain was 73.9%, with mild pain being the most common (60.4%). The mean age of participants was 73.2±9.4 years. The most frequently reported pain sites were the lumbosacral region, shoulders, and neck. Major pain relief approaches included traditional therapies (55.7%), topical medications (41.5%), and oral analgesics (40.1%). Pain intensity was significantly correlated with psychological distress (r=0.793) and impaired daily functioning (r=0.795). Female sex (OR=1.291), higher educational attainment (OR=1.620-1.679), poor spousal health (OR=1.777-3.112), and impaired ability of daily living (OR=0.481) were independently associated with increased risk of moderate to severe pain.

Conclusion

Chronic pain is highly prevalent among older adults in Shanghai communities, predominantly manifesting as mild pain. Female gender, higher education level, poor spousal health, and limited self-care ability are significant risk factors for moderate to severe pain. Early identification of high-risk individuals and multidimensional interventions are essential to improve pain management and reduce the burden of chronic pain in this population.

Older adults  /  Chronic pain  /  Epidemiological survey  /  Analysis of influencing factors
马祥, 焦志华, 张安, 黄玉钊, 郭若耘, 刘海霞, 陆恺秋, 雷一帆, 刘柏霖, 蒉潇飞, 缪长虹, 鲍春龄. 上海市社区老年人慢性疼痛现状及相关因素分析. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (14) : 2558 -2562 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501348
Xiang MA, Zhi-hua JIAO, An ZHANG, Yu-zhao HUANG, Ruo-yun GUO, Hai-xia LIU, Kai-qiu LU, Yi-fan LEI, Bo-lin LIU, xiao-fei KUI, Chang-hong MIAO, Chun-ling BAO. Analysis of the current status and associated factors of chronic pain among community-dwelling older adults, Shanghai[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (14) : 2558 -2562 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501348
正文
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疼痛是一种与实际或潜在组织损伤相关的不愉快感觉和情感体验，或与此类似的经历[1-2]。它不仅影响个体的身体健康，导致日常生活能力和生活质量的下降，还常常伴随心理问题，引发焦虑和抑郁情绪。此外，疼痛还会增加老年人跌倒、情绪波动、日常活动减少及睡眠障碍的风险[3]，其负面影响不仅限于个人，还会波及家庭和社会关系，进而加重整个社会的经济负担[4]。截至2020年底，户籍60岁以上的老年人口达533.49万人，占户籍总人口的36.1%；65岁以上的老年人有382.44万人，占比25.9%[5]，上海是全国最早进入人口老龄化且老龄化程度最高的城市之一。慢性疼痛在老年人中普遍存在，且严重影响其生活质量。因此，本研究旨在调查上海市60岁以上老年人的慢性疼痛现状，探讨影响慢性疼痛的相关因素，以便为上海市老年人群体建立相应的评估策略和更有效的干预措施，为解决老年慢性疼痛的临床研究提供参考。
1　对象与方法
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1.1　研究对象
本研究选取上海市的老年人群为研究对象。
纳入标准：①年龄≥60岁；②近一年来长期居住地为上海市；③沟通能力正常，可清晰描述自身情况；④自愿参与本研究。
排除标准：①问卷填写不完整或中途退出。②无法沟通理解问卷内容。
1.2　研究方法
本研究经上海中医药大学附属岳阳中西医结合医院伦理委员会批准（批准文号：2023-154），并遵循科学抽样原则。鉴于社会经济背景和老年人群特征的多样性，采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法。上海市16个行政区按社会经济状况分为中心城区、近郊区和远郊区，从每类区域随机抽取一个区作为样本区。随后，从每个区随机抽取2个社区，再从每个社区随机抽取1个居民委员会，进一步随机抽取居民楼，筛选符合研究标准的60岁及以上老年人进行问卷调查。数据收集在2023年8月至11月期间进行。
本研究所使用的调查问卷，依据国家重点研发计划“老年疼痛控制技术研究专项”的专家建议制定，并参考了中国健康与养老追踪调查（CHARLS）[6]的相关内容。该问卷由中山大学附属第一医院牵头设计，联合新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院、中国人民解放军北部战区总医院、郑州大学第一附属医院、广西医科大学附属肿瘤医院以及上海中医药大学附属岳阳中西医结合医院等多家单位的专家团队共同完成。
问卷内容包括以下几个部分：①一般人口学情况，如性别、年龄、教育程度、BMI、退休前工作等；②慢性疼痛患病情况，涉及疼痛部位、数量及缓解措施等；③疼痛严重程度评估的核心指标，包括疼痛强度、相关精神痛苦程度及对生活的影响等，这些评估指标依据相关文献进行评估[7]。本研究问卷使用0~10数字疼痛强度评估量表（NRS）结合Wong-Baker脸谱量表进行评估。在NRS中，0表示无影响或无痛，10表示最强烈的影响或痛感。将NRS评分划分为等级资料：0代表无痛，1~3为轻度，4~6为中度，7~10为重度。
1.3　统计学方法
本研究采用双录入法对问卷信息进行数据整理，使用 Epidata 3.1 建立数据库并录入数据，统计分析使用 SPSS 25.0 软件完成。单因素分析中，秩和检验用于分析单向有序分类变量，趋势检验用于分析双向有序分类变量。Spearman 等级相关分析用于评估疼痛强度与精神痛苦、生活影响之间的相关性。多因素logistic回归模型用于分析影响老年慢性疼痛病人中重度疼痛风险的因素。所有统计检验均为双侧，P<0.05 为差异具有统计学意义。
2　结果
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2.1　一般资料情况
本研究共纳入3 752名老年人参与问卷调查，排除缺失数据后，获得有效样本3 606份，有效率为96.1%。其中，男性1 563名（43.34%），女性2 043名（56.66%），年龄范围为60至105岁。表1。
2.2　慢性疼痛情况
3 606调查的老年人群体中，慢性疼痛患者共2 668人，患病率为73.9%。患者平均年龄为（73.2 ± 9.4）岁。慢性疼痛部位数量为1处的有1 735例（65.03%），2处611例（22.9%），3处及以上322例（12.07%）。最常见的疼痛部位依次为腰骶部、肩及上肢部、颈部。轻度疼痛（1~3分）占60.4%，中度（4~6分）占30.5%，重度（7~10分）占9.1%，平均评分为3.49±2.01。疼痛对精神痛苦的影响中，轻度影响占59.9%，中度占26.9%，重度占9.7%，平均评分为3.30±2.17。疼痛对生活的影响，轻度影响占60.9%，中度占25.4%，重度占9.0%，平均评分为3.20±2.13。疼痛强度与精神痛苦、生活影响之间呈显著正相关关系（r=0.793和0.795，P<0.001）。缓解方法中，传统疗法（针灸、拔罐、推拿等）采用1 486例（55.7%），外用药物（膏贴、喷雾等）1 107例（41.49%），口服止痛药1 070例（40.1%），运动锻炼822例（30.81%），未采取任何治疗措施者230例（8.62%）。
2.3　慢性疼痛强度的相关因素分析
2.3.1　单因素分析
性别（Z=-5.094, P <0.001）、受教育程度（χ2=60.508, P<0.001）、退休前工作（Z=15.582, P =0.004）、配偶身体情况（χ2=181.088, P<0.001）、是否可以生活自理（Z=-11.192, P<0.001）等因素与慢性疼痛强度显著相关。表1。
2.3.2　多因素分析
以疼痛强度作为因变量（1=轻度及以下，2=中度及以上）进行多因素logistic回归分析，结果显示，老年女性中重度疼痛风险显著高于男性（OR= 1.291, P=0.001）；受教育程度较高者疼痛风险显著增加（OR= 1.620~1.679, P<0.001）；灵活就业老年人中重度疼痛风险显著低于公职人员（OR= 0.533, P=0.010）；配偶健康状况较差（“比较好”、“一般”、“不好”或“离异/丧偶”）显著增加中重度疼痛风险（OR分别为1.777, 2.005, 2.946, 3.112, P<0.05）；生活可以自理的老年人中重度疼痛风险显著降低（OR= 0.481, P<0.001）。表2。
3　讨论
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本调查显示，上海市社区60岁以上老年人慢性疼痛患病率为73.9%，高于其他地区研究[6,8-10]。轻度疼痛占44.7%，未采取措施者仅8.62%。这可能与上海经济发达、医疗资源丰富及老年人健康意识较强有关。老年人慢性疼痛高发部位依次为腰骶部、肩及上肢、颈部，与既往研究一致[8-9,11]。缓解疼痛的主要治疗方式包括针灸、推拿、拔罐等传统疗法，以及膏贴、喷雾等外用药物。研究表明，老年患者对针灸等传统疗法具有较高的接受度[12]。现有证据显示，针灸在缓解颈部疼痛、腰背痛及坐骨神经痛等方面具有显著疗效[13-17]，其镇痛机制可能与前额叶皮层、杏仁核等脑区的调控有关，还可以通过调节前扣带皮层功能改善痛情绪[18]。此外，外用药物因其起效迅速、不良反应少，亦被广泛应用于老年群体，尤其是非甾体抗炎药（NSAIDs），通过局部抗炎作用有效缓解疼痛，是轻至中度老年慢性肌肉骨骼疼痛的首选方案[19]。
本研究结果显示疼痛严重程度构成比在四个不同年龄段老年人中无差异（χ2=5.800, P =0.760），可能因调查对象年龄跨度在60~105岁，未涉及青中年人群，这也与王江林等人的结果相似[20]。研究结果显示，老年女性重度疼痛风险显著高于男性，与既往研究一致[8]。这可能与女性较低痛阈值及激素水平相关[21]，其中雌激素下降可能导致骨质疏松[22-23]、神经递质失衡及神经功能障碍，从而增加疼痛敏感性[21,24]。中学及以上学历者中重度疼痛风险显著高于小学及以下者（OR=1.679和1.620, P=0.001），与既往研究一致[8]。这一趋势可能与教育水平对健康管理和医疗资源获取的影响相关。高学历者通常健康素养较高，更早识别、报告疼痛，并积极寻求医疗帮助[14]。因此，教育水平可能影响疼痛感知与干预，制定干预策略时应予以考量。老年人重度疼痛风险与配偶健康状况密切相关，配偶健康恶化会增加其疼痛风险（OR=2.946和3.112, P<0.001）。配偶健康不佳或离异丧偶可能加重老年人的家庭责任与心理压力，影响身心健康，增强疼痛感知并诱发慢性疼痛。此外，离异或丧偶者的慢性疼痛发生率显著高于单身或已婚者[25]。生活自理能力显著影响老年人慢性疼痛风险。生活可以自理的老年人中重度疼痛风险显著降低（OR=0.481, P<0.001）。生活自理能力较强者通常具备更好的疼痛管理能力和健康状况，从而降低慢性疼痛发生率。长期未治疗的慢性疼痛会使老年人增加跌倒风险、影响心理健康、降低自我效能感，并可能导致日常活动能力下降[26]。因此，提高老年人生活自理能力与社会支持水平对缓解慢性疼痛和改善整体健康至关重要。相较于公职人员，灵活就业人群中重度疼痛的风险较高（OR=0.533, P=0.010），提示该群体在疼痛管理和社区服务方面需要特别关注。
在本研究中，疼痛相关的精神痛苦与生活影响系依据ICD-11对慢性疼痛严重程度的定义，通过NRS进行评估，分别反映疼痛带来的情绪负担及日常功能受限程度。结果显示，疼痛强度与精神痛苦（r=0.793）及生活影响（r=0.795）呈显著正相关，提示疼痛程度越高，个体所感受到的心理困扰与功能障碍越严重。慢性疼痛可干扰心理状态和生活质量，腰骶部疼痛常导致活动受限与平衡能力下降，患者因疼痛难以完成弯腰、久坐、搬重物等动作，甚至影响行走能力。新加坡一项研究[27]发现，慢性腰痛患者抑郁症状发生率显著升高，生活质量评分低于无痛人群。另有综述[28]指出，肩痛可引发恐惧、沮丧、孤独等负面情绪，并导致运动恐惧、焦虑、睡眠障碍及社会参与减少。一项研究显示，61%的慢性疼痛患者患抑郁，65%的抑郁患者亦存在慢性疼痛[29]，情绪困扰通过灾难化思维可进一步放大疼痛体验[30]。本研究初步反映了疼痛与心理影响的关联，但未纳入标准化心理量表，未来研究应引入PHQ-9、GAD-7等工具，以深入探讨慢性疼痛的心理机制并优化干预策略。
综上所述，慢性疼痛在上海市社区老年人中患病率较高，以轻度疼痛为主，且受性别、教育水平、生活功能状态及配偶健康等多因素影响，提示慢性疼痛防控应向精准化、协同化方向发展。建议从四方面系统推进：一是加强分层分类健康教育与疼痛知识普及，提升老年人识别与自我管理能力，预防止痛药物依赖；二是健全基层医疗慢性疼痛风险筛查与随访机制，重点干预生活功能受限与家庭支持薄弱人群，提升基层医务人员多模式干预能力；三是整合心理干预与传统疗法资源，建立“疼痛—情绪”双评估机制，开展太极、针灸等非药物疗法协同服务；四是推动个体化疼痛管理路径建设，借助电子健康档案系统实现跨专业协同，同时引导医保支持多元干预模式。通过多维度综合干预，可有效缓解疼痛相关负担，提升老年人整体健康水平与生活质量。
基金
收起
  • 国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFC2008405; 2020YFC2008404)
  • 上海市名中医工作室基层工作站建设项目(JCGZZ-2023044)
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2025年第52卷第14期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501348
  • 接收时间：2025-01-21
  • 首发时间：2026-03-16
  • 出版时间：2025-07-25
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  • 收稿日期：2025-01-21
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFC2008405; 2020YFC2008404)
上海市名中医工作室基层工作站建设项目(JCGZZ-2023044)
作者信息
    1.上海中医药大学附属岳阳中西医结合医院，上海 200437
    2.上海市虹口区嘉兴路街道社区卫生中心
    3.复旦大学附属中山医院

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
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Percentage of
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Genus		 种数
Number of
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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