Article(id=1240395009736897341, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240395006914130733, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202503343, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1742227200000, receivedDateStr=2025-03-18, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773662815746, onlineDateStr=2026-03-16, pubDate=1753372800000, pubDateStr=2025-07-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773662815746, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-16, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773662815746, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773662815746, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240395006914130733, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='14', pageStart='2497', pageEnd='2688', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1773662815073, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773662858015, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1240395187109810535, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240395006914130733, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1240395187109810536, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240395006914130733, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2514, endPage=2519, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240395009967584071, articleId=1240395009736897341, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Awareness survey of key messages on Tuberculosis prevention and control, Xizang regions, columnId=1228016567443718970, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Epidemiology and Statistical Methods Advances, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To assess the public awareness of tuberculosis (TB) prevention and control knowledge in high-altitude Xizang during the 13th Five-Year Plan period (2016-2020) and provide evidence for optimizing regional TB health education strategies.

Methods

A multistage stratified cluster random sampling method was employed to select study participants aged 15 years and older who had resided in the Xizang region for over six months. Data ware managed using EpiData 3.1 and analyzed with IBM SPSS Statistics 24.0.

Results

Among 1 191 participants, awareness rates of the five core TB prevention indicators were 32.58% (388/1 191), 78.51% (935/1 191), 77.25% (920/1 191), 62.05% (739/1 191), and 47.69% (568/1 191), respectively. The overall awareness rate was 59.61% (3550/5 955), while the full-awareness rate (all five messages) reached 11.50% (137/1 191).

Conclusion

Xizang’s overall TB core knowledge awareness rate (59.61%) falls below the 85% target set by the National TB Control Plan (2016-2020). Tailored interventions are recommended, including Tibetan-Chinese bilingual health campaigns targeting agricultural/pastoral workers, individuals with limited education, and employees of government agencies/enterprises. Concurrent efforts should enhance livelihood support and bilingual training for grassroots workers in high-altitude regions.

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目的

了解高海拔的西藏地区“十三五”期间公众对结核病防治知识的总体认知水平,为优化全区结核病健康教育工作提供数据支撑。

方法

采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样法抽取西藏地区居住超过6个月的15岁及以上居民,使用Epidata 3.1软件建立数据库,IBM SPSS Statistics 24.0软件实施统计分析。

结果

此次共调查1 191人。西藏自治区5条结核病防治核心信息知晓率分别为32.58%(388/1 191)、78.51%(935/1 191)、77.25%(920/1 191)、62.05%(739/1 191)和47.69%(568/1 191);结核病核心信息总知晓率为59.61%(3 550/5 955);全部知晓率为11.50%(137/1 191)。

结论

西藏结核病防治核心信息总知晓率未达到《全国结核病防治规划(2016—2020年)》85%目标要求。建议针对农牧民、低学历群体及机关/企/事业单位职工精准化推送藏汉双语防治信息,同步完善高海拔地区基层工作人员生活保障并强化藏汉双语培训。

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王健,E-mail:
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张宝莹(1995—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:结核病防控,健康教育

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(In Chinese), articleTitle=Systematic analysis of the policies for improving primary health care service capacity in China——based on the new barrel theory, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240413546807358328, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240395009736897341, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=null, issue=5, pageStart=110, pageEnd=112, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=32, authorNames=加曼草, journalName=嘉应文学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=加曼草.藏汉语言文学翻译存在的问题及优化对策[J].嘉应文学2024,(5):110-112., articleTitle=藏汉语言文学翻译存在的问题及优化对策, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240413546895438719, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240395009736897341, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=null, issue=5, pageStart=110, pageEnd=112, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=33, authorNames=Jia MC, journalName=Jiaying Literature, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Jia MC. Problems and optimization strategies in Xizangan-Chinese literary translation[J]. Jiaying Literature, 2024, (5): 110-112. (In Chinese), articleTitle=Problems and optimization strategies in Xizangan-Chinese literary translation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240413546979324802, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240395009736897341, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=38, issue=6, pageStart=84, pageEnd=88, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=34, authorNames=毛波斌, 彭敏, 刘志涛, journalName=卫生软科学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=毛波斌,彭敏,刘志涛.云南省居民营养健康知识知晓率调查及影响因素分析[J].卫生软科学2024,38(6):84-88., articleTitle=云南省居民营养健康知识知晓率调查及影响因素分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240413548501857160, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240395009736897341, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=38, issue=6, pageStart=84, pageEnd=88, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=35, authorNames=Mao BB, Peng M, Liu ZT, journalName=Soft Science of Health, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Mao BB, Peng M, Liu ZT. Survey on the awareness of nutrition and health knowledge among residents in Yunnan Province and analysis of influencing factors[J]. Soft Science of Health, 2024, 38(6): 84-88. (In Chinese), articleTitle=Survey on the awareness of nutrition and health knowledge among residents in Yunnan Province and analysis of influencing factors, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240413548652852109, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240395009736897341, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=38, issue=4, pageStart=490, pageEnd=493, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=36, authorNames=周勇, 闫世春, 于兰, journalName=中国公共卫生, refType=null, unstructuredReference=周勇,闫世春,于兰,等.黑龙江省中小学学生及其家长结核病防治核心知识知晓情况及相关性分析[J].中国公共卫生2022,38(4):490-493., articleTitle=黑龙江省中小学学生及其家长结核病防治核心知识知晓情况及相关性分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240413548808041360, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240395009736897341, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=38, issue=4, pageStart=490, pageEnd=493, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=37, authorNames=Zhou Y, Yan SC, Yu L, journalName=Chinese Journal of Public Health, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhou Y, Yan SC, Yu L, et al. Core knowledge about tuberculosis prevention and treatment among primary and middle school students and their parents in Heilongjiang province and correlation between students’and parents’knowledge level[J]. Chinese Journal of Public Health, 2022, 38(4): 490-493. (In Chinese), articleTitle=Core knowledge about tuberculosis prevention and treatment among primary and middle school students and their parents in Heilongjiang province and correlation between students’and parents’knowledge level, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240413548925481878, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240395009736897341, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=38, issue=8, pageStart=713, pageEnd=717, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=38, authorNames=张梦娴, 周丽平, 叶建君, journalName=中国健康教育, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张梦娴,周丽平,叶建君,等.2020年湖北省公众结核病防治核心信息知晓情况调查分析[J].中国健康教育2022,38(8):713-717., articleTitle=2020年湖北省公众结核病防治核心信息知晓情况调查分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240413549093254044, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240395009736897341, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=38, issue=8, pageStart=713, pageEnd=717, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=39, authorNames=Zhang MX, Zhou LP, Ye JJ, journalName=Chinese Journal of Health Education, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang MX, Zhou LP, Ye JJ, et al. Analysis on awareness of key messages related tuberculosis among residents in Hubei Province in 2020[J]. Chinese Journal of Health Education, 2022, 38(8): 713-717. (In Chinese), articleTitle=Analysis on awareness of key messages related tuberculosis among residents in Hubei Province in 2020, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240413549231666079, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240395009736897341, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=48, issue=6, pageStart=124, pageEnd=129, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=40, authorNames=钱红胜, 鲁长芬, 罗小兵, journalName=成都体育学院学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=钱红胜,鲁长芬,罗小兵,等.健康教育供给侧结构性改革的选择动因与优化路径[J].成都体育学院学报2022,48(6):124-129., articleTitle=健康教育供给侧结构性改革的选择动因与优化路径, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240413549357495200, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240395009736897341, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=48, issue=6, pageStart=124, pageEnd=129, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=41, authorNames=Qian HS, Lu CF, Luo XB, journalName=Journal of Chengdu Sport University, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Qian HS, Lu CF, Luo XB, et al. The motivations and paths of supplyside reform of health education[J]. Journal of Chengdu Sport University, 2022, 48(6): 124-129. (In Chinese), articleTitle=The motivations and paths of supplyside reform of health education, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240413549462352803, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240395009736897341, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=79, issue=2, pageStart=502, pageEnd=514, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=42, authorNames=刘泽, 程杨, 陶卓霖, journalName=地理学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘泽,程杨,陶卓霖,等.西藏自治区层级医疗设施可达性精细化评价[J].地理学报2024,79(2):502-514., articleTitle=西藏自治区层级医疗设施可达性精细化评价, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240413549600764841, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240395009736897341, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=79, issue=2, pageStart=502, pageEnd=514, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=43, authorNames=Liu Z, Cheng Y, Tao ZL, journalName=Acta Geographica Sinica, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liu Z, Cheng Y, Tao ZL, et al. Refined assessment of accessibility to hierarchical health care facilities in Xizang[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2024, 79(2): 502-514. (In Chinese), articleTitle=Refined assessment of accessibility to hierarchical health care facilities in Xizang, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240413549747565483, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240395009736897341, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=5, pageStart=70, pageEnd=78, 69, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=44, authorNames=周彤, 李玉玲, 王雪聪, journalName=图书馆学研究, refType=null, unstructuredReference=周彤,李玉玲,王雪聪,等.大学生健康信息回避现状及影响因素研究[J].图书馆学研究2023,(5):70-78, 69., articleTitle=大学生健康信息回避现状及影响因素研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1240413549932114864, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240395009736897341, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=5, pageStart=70, pageEnd=78, 69, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=45, authorNames=Zhou T, Li YL, Wang XC, journalName=Library Science Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhou T, Li YL, Wang XC, et al. Current status and influencing factors of health information avoidance among college students[J]. Library Science Research, 2023, (5): 70-78, 69. (In Chinese), articleTitle=Current status and influencing factors of health information avoidance among college students, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1240413540973081181, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240395009736897341, awardId=XZ202201ZD0001G, language=CN, fundingSource=西藏自治区科技重大专项(XZ202201ZD0001G), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1240413541082133097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240395009736897341, awardId=XZ202301ZR0054G, language=CN, fundingSource=西藏自治区科技厅自然科学基金项目(XZ202301ZR0054G), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1240413535428210952, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240395009736897341, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240413535436599562, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240395009736897341, companyId=1240413535428210952, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Xizang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lhasa, Xizang Autonomous Region 850000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240413535440793869, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240395009736897341, companyId=1240413535428210952, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=西藏自治区疾病预防控制中心,西藏 拉萨市 850000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1240413540335546927, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240395009736897341, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Awareness rate of core knowledge on Tuberculosis (TB) prevention and control among survey participants

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
人群特征调查人数
n(%)
肺结核是
(Q1)
n(%)
传播途径
(Q2)
n(%)
临床特征
(Q3)
n(%)
预防措施
(Q4)
n(%)
治愈情况
(Q5)
n(%)
总知晓率
n(%)
全部知晓率
n(%)
城乡
城市100(8.40)43(43.00)76(76.00)78(78.00)83(83.00)41(41.00)321(64.20)10(10.00)
农村1 091(91.60)345(31.62)859(78.74)842(77.18)656(60.13)527(48.30)3 229(59.19)127(11.64)
χ25.3990.4060.03520.3491.9594.9570.242
P0.0200.5240.851<0.0010.1620.0260.623
性别
626(52.56)197(31.47)493(78.75)484(77.32)376(60.06)290(46.33)1 840(58.79)66(10.54)
565(47.44)191(33.81)442(78.23)436(77.17)363(64.25)278(49.20)1 710(60.53)71(12.57)
χ20.7380.0480.0042.2080.9861.9501.194
P0.2900.8260.9510.1370.3210.1630.274
户口
本地1 146(96.22)372(32.46)897(78.27)883(77.05)700(61.08)548(47.82)3 400(59.34)133(11.61)
外省45(3.78)16(35.56)38(84.44)37(82.22)39(86.67)20(44.44)150(66.67)4(8.89)
χ20.1890.9780.65912.0360.1984.8000.314
P0.6640.3230.417<0.0010.6570.0280.575
民族
藏族1 124(94.37)370(32.92)877(78.02)867(77.14)681(60.59)529(47.06)3 324(59.15)132(11.74)
其他67(5.63)18(26.87)58(86.57)53(79.10)58(86.57)39(58.21)226(67.46)5(7.46)
χ21.0552.7340.14018.1243.1489.911.138
P0.3040.0980.709<0.0010.0760.00160.286
年龄组
15~25247(20.74)95(38.46)197(79.76)198(80.16)152(61.54)118(47.77)760(61.54)39(15.79)
25~35273(22.92)82(30.04)224(82.05)212(77.66)169(61.90)130(47.62)817(59.85)30(10.99)
35~45240(20.15)74(30.83)181(75.42)188(78.33)155(64.58)122(50.83)720(60.00)24(10.00)
45~55181(15.20)54(29.83)151(83.43)140(77.35)116(64.09)81(44.75)542(59.89)19(10.50)
55~250(20.99)83(33.20)182(72.80)182(72.80)147(58.80)117(46.80)711(56.88)25(10.00)
χ21.0743.0613.2940.1620.1648.7203.414a
P0.3000.0800.0700.6870.6860.0030.065
文化程度
小学及以下学历790(66.33)239(30.25)582(73.67)571(72.28)466(58.99)368(46.58)2 226(56.35)67(8.48)
初中及同学历173(14.53)67(38.73)152(87.86)153(88.44)108(62.43)95(54.91)575(66.47)28(16.18)
高中及同学历104(8.73)41(39.42)89(85.58)87(83.65)70(67.31)54(51.92)341(65.58)21(20.19)
大学及以上124(10.41)41(33.06)112(90.32)109(87.90)95(76.61)51(41.13)408(65.81)21(16.94)
χ22.63726.99724.20514.9370.03239.16017.183a
P0.104<0.001<0.001<0.0010.859<0.001<0.001
职业
机关企事业64(5.37)22(34.38)57(89.06)55(85.94)52(81.25)16(25.00)202(63.13)5(7.81)
服务业52(4.37)17(32.69)46(88.46)46(88.46)39(75.00)22(42.31)170(65.38)7(13.46)
学生136(11.42)60(44.12)116(85.29)117(86.03)91(66.91)67(49.26)451(66.32)31(22.79)
农业833(69.94)243(29.17)635(76.23)618(74.19)473(56.78)426(51.14)2 395(57.50)84(10.08)
其他106(8.90)46(43.40)81(76.42)84(79.25)84(79.25)37(34.91)332(62.64)10(9.43)
χ218.38813.82517.11038.21124.8675.61020.178
P<0.0010.0080.002<0.001<0.0010.230<0.001
是否接受过健康教育
818(68.68)264(32.27)693(84.72)685(83.74)544(66.50)415(50.73)2 601(63.59)110(13.45)
373(31.32)124(33.24)242(64.88)235(63.00)195(52.28)153(41.02)949(50.88)27(7.24)
χ20.11059.795662.68422.0139.69214.459.701
P0.740<0.001<0.001<0.0010.002<0.0010.002
合计1 191(100.00)388(32.58)935(78.51)920(77.25)739(62.05)568(47.69)3 550(59.61)137(11.50)
), ArticleFig(id=1240413540490736186, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240395009736897341, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

调查对象结核病防治核心信息知晓率情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
人群特征调查人数
n(%)
肺结核是
(Q1)
n(%)
传播途径
(Q2)
n(%)
临床特征
(Q3)
n(%)
预防措施
(Q4)
n(%)
治愈情况
(Q5)
n(%)
总知晓率
n(%)
全部知晓率
n(%)
城乡
城市100(8.40)43(43.00)76(76.00)78(78.00)83(83.00)41(41.00)321(64.20)10(10.00)
农村1 091(91.60)345(31.62)859(78.74)842(77.18)656(60.13)527(48.30)3 229(59.19)127(11.64)
χ25.3990.4060.03520.3491.9594.9570.242
P0.0200.5240.851<0.0010.1620.0260.623
性别
626(52.56)197(31.47)493(78.75)484(77.32)376(60.06)290(46.33)1 840(58.79)66(10.54)
565(47.44)191(33.81)442(78.23)436(77.17)363(64.25)278(49.20)1 710(60.53)71(12.57)
χ20.7380.0480.0042.2080.9861.9501.194
P0.2900.8260.9510.1370.3210.1630.274
户口
本地1 146(96.22)372(32.46)897(78.27)883(77.05)700(61.08)548(47.82)3 400(59.34)133(11.61)
外省45(3.78)16(35.56)38(84.44)37(82.22)39(86.67)20(44.44)150(66.67)4(8.89)
χ20.1890.9780.65912.0360.1984.8000.314
P0.6640.3230.417<0.0010.6570.0280.575
民族
藏族1 124(94.37)370(32.92)877(78.02)867(77.14)681(60.59)529(47.06)3 324(59.15)132(11.74)
其他67(5.63)18(26.87)58(86.57)53(79.10)58(86.57)39(58.21)226(67.46)5(7.46)
χ21.0552.7340.14018.1243.1489.911.138
P0.3040.0980.709<0.0010.0760.00160.286
年龄组
15~25247(20.74)95(38.46)197(79.76)198(80.16)152(61.54)118(47.77)760(61.54)39(15.79)
25~35273(22.92)82(30.04)224(82.05)212(77.66)169(61.90)130(47.62)817(59.85)30(10.99)
35~45240(20.15)74(30.83)181(75.42)188(78.33)155(64.58)122(50.83)720(60.00)24(10.00)
45~55181(15.20)54(29.83)151(83.43)140(77.35)116(64.09)81(44.75)542(59.89)19(10.50)
55~250(20.99)83(33.20)182(72.80)182(72.80)147(58.80)117(46.80)711(56.88)25(10.00)
χ21.0743.0613.2940.1620.1648.7203.414a
P0.3000.0800.0700.6870.6860.0030.065
文化程度
小学及以下学历790(66.33)239(30.25)582(73.67)571(72.28)466(58.99)368(46.58)2 226(56.35)67(8.48)
初中及同学历173(14.53)67(38.73)152(87.86)153(88.44)108(62.43)95(54.91)575(66.47)28(16.18)
高中及同学历104(8.73)41(39.42)89(85.58)87(83.65)70(67.31)54(51.92)341(65.58)21(20.19)
大学及以上124(10.41)41(33.06)112(90.32)109(87.90)95(76.61)51(41.13)408(65.81)21(16.94)
χ22.63726.99724.20514.9370.03239.16017.183a
P0.104<0.001<0.001<0.0010.859<0.001<0.001
职业
机关企事业64(5.37)22(34.38)57(89.06)55(85.94)52(81.25)16(25.00)202(63.13)5(7.81)
服务业52(4.37)17(32.69)46(88.46)46(88.46)39(75.00)22(42.31)170(65.38)7(13.46)
学生136(11.42)60(44.12)116(85.29)117(86.03)91(66.91)67(49.26)451(66.32)31(22.79)
农业833(69.94)243(29.17)635(76.23)618(74.19)473(56.78)426(51.14)2 395(57.50)84(10.08)
其他106(8.90)46(43.40)81(76.42)84(79.25)84(79.25)37(34.91)332(62.64)10(9.43)
χ218.38813.82517.11038.21124.8675.61020.178
P<0.0010.0080.002<0.001<0.0010.230<0.001
是否接受过健康教育
818(68.68)264(32.27)693(84.72)685(83.74)544(66.50)415(50.73)2 601(63.59)110(13.45)
373(31.32)124(33.24)242(64.88)235(63.00)195(52.28)153(41.02)949(50.88)27(7.24)
χ20.11059.795662.68422.0139.69214.459.701
P0.740<0.001<0.001<0.0010.002<0.0010.002
合计1 191(100.00)388(32.58)935(78.51)920(77.25)739(62.05)568(47.69)3 550(59.61)137(11.50)
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Participation in Tuberculosis prevention health education and preferred communication channels among Xizang residents

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方式与途径应答人次应答比
(%)
方式与途径应答人次应答比
(%)
接受结核病健康教育方式an=818)科普信息查询方式(n=1 191)
就诊时医生宣传32940.22没查过61851.89
看电视34241.81微信微博自媒体30025.19
听亲友或其他人说21225.92医学在线咨询26622.33
希望接受的结核病宣传途径an=1 191)医学专业网站998.31
医生宣传74362.38百度谷歌等搜索917.64
广播电视等音像60350.63其它383.19
居委会/村委会宣传28824.1812320卫生热线181.51
喜欢的结核病宣传材料形式(n=1 191)喜欢的科普形式(n=1 191)
视频、动漫等声像材料45338.04视频72961.21
图文并茂的材料38632.41文字+图片49941.90
什么都行34428.88微信或微博43836.78
文字为主的材料15012.59动画24120.24
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西藏公众结核病防治核心知识健康教育接受度与宣传途径偏好分析

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方式与途径应答人次应答比
(%)
方式与途径应答人次应答比
(%)
接受结核病健康教育方式an=818)科普信息查询方式(n=1 191)
就诊时医生宣传32940.22没查过61851.89
看电视34241.81微信微博自媒体30025.19
听亲友或其他人说21225.92医学在线咨询26622.33
希望接受的结核病宣传途径an=1 191)医学专业网站998.31
医生宣传74362.38百度谷歌等搜索917.64
广播电视等音像60350.63其它383.19
居委会/村委会宣传28824.1812320卫生热线181.51
喜欢的结核病宣传材料形式(n=1 191)喜欢的科普形式(n=1 191)
视频、动漫等声像材料45338.04视频72961.21
图文并茂的材料38632.41文字+图片49941.90
什么都行34428.88微信或微博43836.78
文字为主的材料15012.59动画24120.24
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西藏地区结核病防治核心信息知晓率现状调查
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张宝莹 , 罗布卓玛 , 尼玛 , 杨国锋 , 王健
现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2025,52(14): 2514-2519
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现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2025, 52(14): 2514-2519
西藏地区结核病防治核心信息知晓率现状调查
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张宝莹, 罗布卓玛, 尼玛, 杨国锋, 王健
作者信息
  • 西藏自治区疾病预防控制中心,西藏 拉萨市 850000
  • 张宝莹(1995—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:结核病防控,健康教育

通讯作者:

王健,E-mail:
Awareness survey of key messages on Tuberculosis prevention and control, Xizang regions
Bao-ying ZHANG, ROB Zhuo-ma, Ma NI, Guo-feng YANG, Jian WANG
Affiliations
  • Xizang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lhasa, Xizang Autonomous Region 850000, China
出版时间: 2025-07-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202503343
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目的

了解高海拔的西藏地区“十三五”期间公众对结核病防治知识的总体认知水平,为优化全区结核病健康教育工作提供数据支撑。

方法

采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样法抽取西藏地区居住超过6个月的15岁及以上居民,使用Epidata 3.1软件建立数据库,IBM SPSS Statistics 24.0软件实施统计分析。

结果

此次共调查1 191人。西藏自治区5条结核病防治核心信息知晓率分别为32.58%(388/1 191)、78.51%(935/1 191)、77.25%(920/1 191)、62.05%(739/1 191)和47.69%(568/1 191);结核病核心信息总知晓率为59.61%(3 550/5 955);全部知晓率为11.50%(137/1 191)。

结论

西藏结核病防治核心信息总知晓率未达到《全国结核病防治规划(2016—2020年)》85%目标要求。建议针对农牧民、低学历群体及机关/企/事业单位职工精准化推送藏汉双语防治信息,同步完善高海拔地区基层工作人员生活保障并强化藏汉双语培训。

高海拔地区  /  西藏  /  结核病  /  知晓率  /  “十三五”
Objective

To assess the public awareness of tuberculosis (TB) prevention and control knowledge in high-altitude Xizang during the 13th Five-Year Plan period (2016-2020) and provide evidence for optimizing regional TB health education strategies.

Methods

A multistage stratified cluster random sampling method was employed to select study participants aged 15 years and older who had resided in the Xizang region for over six months. Data ware managed using EpiData 3.1 and analyzed with IBM SPSS Statistics 24.0.

Results

Among 1 191 participants, awareness rates of the five core TB prevention indicators were 32.58% (388/1 191), 78.51% (935/1 191), 77.25% (920/1 191), 62.05% (739/1 191), and 47.69% (568/1 191), respectively. The overall awareness rate was 59.61% (3550/5 955), while the full-awareness rate (all five messages) reached 11.50% (137/1 191).

Conclusion

Xizang’s overall TB core knowledge awareness rate (59.61%) falls below the 85% target set by the National TB Control Plan (2016-2020). Tailored interventions are recommended, including Tibetan-Chinese bilingual health campaigns targeting agricultural/pastoral workers, individuals with limited education, and employees of government agencies/enterprises. Concurrent efforts should enhance livelihood support and bilingual training for grassroots workers in high-altitude regions.

High-altitude regions  /  Xizang  /  Tuberculosis  /  Awareness rate  /  The 13th Five-Year Plan
张宝莹, 罗布卓玛, 尼玛, 杨国锋, 王健. 西藏地区结核病防治核心信息知晓率现状调查. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (14) : 2514 -2519 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202503343
Bao-ying ZHANG, ROB Zhuo-ma, Ma NI, Guo-feng YANG, Jian WANG. Awareness survey of key messages on Tuberculosis prevention and control, Xizang regions[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (14) : 2514 -2519 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202503343
2021年WHO全球结核病报告显示中国位居全球结核病高负担国家第二位(8.5%)[1]。西藏位于高海拔地区(大气氧含量仅为海平面的60%~70%),虽地广人稀,但结核病患病率却高达0.76%,成为西部疫情最严重的省份之一,且存在群众结核病防治知识普遍缺乏的问题[2-3]。鉴于健康教育在普及结核病防治知识和提升公众健康中的关键作用[4-5]。本研究于2021年2月针对西藏 “十三五”期间结核病防治核心知识知晓率现状展开调查,为优化结核病健康教育工作提供数据支持。
西藏自治区15岁及以上常住居民(包含在调查地居住超过6个月的非本地户籍)。本调查经西藏自治区疾病预防控制中心伦理委员会审批(批号:2023-003),所有调查对象均知情同意。
于2021年1月~2月采用中国疾病预防控制中心结核病预防控制中心统一设计的结核病防治核心信息知晓率调查问卷展开调查,主要包括调查对象基本情况、结核病防治核心信息知晓情况和健康教育接受情况三部分。
根据国家《关于开展“十三五”全国结核病防治规划终期评估的通知》以及结核病防治核心知识知晓率调查专题实施方案[6]要求,每省约抽样1 200人,分别在12个调查点抽取,每个调查点抽取100人。
本调查采用分层整群随机抽样方法,基于西藏统计局提供的乡级行政单位15岁及以上城乡人口数据(比例约1∶9)及国家要求的样本量标准(每省1 200人),确定城乡样本量分别为100人和1 100人;按城乡比例抽取1个街道(16个城镇中抽取)和11个乡级调查点(690个乡中抽取);进一步从选定的1个街道的8个居委会抽取1个,11个乡级调查点抽取11个村调查点(110个村中抽取);对最终12个调查点居民实施个体编码,采用有放回的概率抽样确保总体容量保持恒定。本调查共发放1 200份问卷,实际1 191份有效问卷被收回,有效回收率为99.25%。
核心信息总知晓率是指调查对象正确回答核心信息的总条目数占全部调查对象回答的核心信息的总条目数的百分比;核心信息全部知晓率指正确回答全部核心信息的人数占调查总人数的百分比;单一核心信息知晓率指正确回答某一条核心信息的人数占全部调查人数的百分比。
采用EpiData 3.1软件实施平行录入,统计分析全程应用IBM SPSS Statistics 24.0软件完成,采用Pearson卡方检验(或趋势卡方检验)比较不同组别间的知晓率差异,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
此次共调查1 191人,其中男性626人(52.56%),女性565人(47.44%);藏族1 124人(94.37%);本地区户口1 146人(96.22%);15~25岁年龄组247人(20.74%),25~35岁年龄组273人(22.92%);小学及以下790人(66.30%);农业劳动者833人(69.90%),在校学生136人(11.40%)。
5条结核病防治核心信息知晓率分别为32.58%(388/1 191)、78.51%(935/1 191)、77.25%(920/1 191)、62.05%(739/1 191)和47.69%(568/1 191)。城市人群在Q1(结核病的定义,χ2 = 5.399,P = 0.020)及Q4(预防措施,χ2=20.349,P<0.001)知晓率高于农村;本地区居民Q4知晓率低于外省(预防措施,χ2=12.036,P<0.001);藏族Q4知晓率(60.59%)低于其他民族(预防措施,χ2=18.124,P<0.001);大学及以上学历者Q2(传播途径)、Q3(临床症状)及Q4(预防措施)知晓率均高于75%,显著高于小学及以下人群(χ2=26.997、24.205和14.937,均P<0.001);不同职业人群在单条核心知识知晓率上存在差异。见表1
全区结核病核心信息总知晓率为59.61%(3 550/5 955)。城市人群总知晓率(64.20%)高于农村(χ2=4.957,P=0.026);本地区户籍(59.34%)低于外省(66.67%,χ2 = 4.8,P = 0.028);其他民族(67.46%)显著高于藏族(59.15%,χ2=9.91,P=0.001 6)。15~25岁组最高(61.54%),55岁及以上组最低(56.88%,χ2=8.72,P=0.003);大学及以上学历者(65.81%)显著高于小学及以下者(56.35%,χ2=39.16,P<0.001);接受过健康教育者总知晓率为63.59%,显著高于未接受者(50.88%,χ2=14.45,P<0.001)。见表1
核心信息全部知晓率为11.50%(137/1 191)。不同文化程度全部知晓率间差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);不同职业全部知晓率间差异有统计学意义(χ2=20.178,P<0.001);接受过健康教育者全部知晓率(13.45%)显著高于未接受者(7.24%,χ2=9.701,P=0.002)。见表1
68.68%(818/1 191)调查对象接受过结核病健康教育,其中主要途径为就诊时医生宣传(40.22%)及看电视(41.81%);62.38%(743/1 191)偏好医生宣传,38.04%(453/1 191)公众喜欢视频、动漫等声像材料式宣传材料;仍有51.89%(618/1 191)的公众没查过结核病科普信息,视频形式科普喜爱度最高(61.21%)。见表2
调查结果显示,西藏结核病防治核心知识总知晓率为59.61%,较2014年(34.00%)[8]有所提升,但仍低于国家“十三五”规划目标(85%)[9]及河南 (84.35%)、湖南(88.30%)、青海(81.23%)、云南(85.27%)、山东(88.27%)[10-14]。单条核心条目中,“肺结核定义(Q1)”知晓率最低(32.58%),低于全国(75.30%)的水平[15],其他4条也均未达到要求。这可能是西藏高海拔地理特征导致传统宣教覆盖率低,叠加医疗资源分布不均及基层卫生人员流失[16-18]和藏汉双语转换偏差[19],共同制约健康教育效能。建议进一步完善高海拔地区基层卫生人才职业保障机制,强化双语培训能力,整合村医、藏医及藏语言文化教育工作者等组建双语宣教团队,将结核病防治知识嵌入藏族谚语、小品、歌舞等文化载体。
小学及以下文化群体全部知晓率最低,高中及同等学历组却高于大学及以上者,这可能与信息理解能力差异、校园宣传强度及社会参与度有关[20];高中群体更易接触系统化宣传,而大学及以上高学历群体可能因为认知自信或者专注专业课程及实习降低关注度。学生全部知晓率要高于农业劳动者,这可能是由于近几年宣传侧重校园而忽视其他群体,提示要将宣传的侧重点多向农业劳动者和机关/事业/企业单位人员倾斜。同时证实了接受过结核病健康教育者知晓率更高[21],也凸显出系统性健康干预的有效性。
未接受过结核病健康教育的公众占比31.22%,高于全国水平(19.70%)[15]。公众主要依赖就诊时医生宣传(40.22%)和看电视(41.81%)这两种宣传途径,可能源于藏区群众对于医生的信赖度较高[22]。但38.04%公众更倾向于视频/动漫等动态可视化材料的宣传,61.21%的公众希望通过视频形式来达到科普的目的,提示全区现行的结核病传统宣教模式与受众需求存在适度偏差[23]。51.89%的公众从未主动检索过结核病科普信息,可能与西藏特殊的地理环境、健康资源可及性差等原因有关[24]。提示全区的大部分群体存在健康信息规避的倾向[25],建议基层要结合微信、抖音等平台开发藏汉双语视听材料,以音视频等形式开展精准化科普。
综上所述,西藏公众的结核病防治核心知识知晓率较国家目标仍存在差距。在完善高海拔地区基层卫生人员职业保障体系的基础上,强化藏汉双语培训机制,针对文化程度两极化群体及农业劳动者实施精准宣教。
  • 西藏自治区科技重大专项(XZ202201ZD0001G)
  • 西藏自治区科技厅自然科学基金项目(XZ202301ZR0054G)
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202503343
  • 接收时间:2025-03-18
  • 首发时间:2026-03-16
  • 出版时间:2025-07-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-03-18
基金
西藏自治区科技重大专项(XZ202201ZD0001G)
西藏自治区科技厅自然科学基金项目(XZ202301ZR0054G)
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    西藏自治区疾病预防控制中心,西藏 拉萨市 850000

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
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Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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