Article(id=1240375278585835753, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240375270163673092, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202311123, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1699286400000, receivedDateStr=2023-11-07, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773658111472, onlineDateStr=2026-03-16, pubDate=1713974400000, pubDateStr=2024-04-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773658111472, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-16, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773658111472, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773658111472, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240375270163673092, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='8', pageStart='1345', pageEnd='1536', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773658109465, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773658579758, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1240377242795176417, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240375270163673092, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1240377242795176418, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240375270163673092, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1412, endPage=1419, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240375278862659836, articleId=1240375278585835753, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Effects of different types of high-fat diets with various types of oils on serum lipid levels and gut microbiota in mice, columnId=1240375107953161116, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Nutrition and Foold Hygiene, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the effects of different high-fat diets with various types of oils on serum lipid levels and gut microbiota in mice.

Methods

Thirty SPF male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into three groups based on their body weight (n = 10 per group). The normal diet group (ND) was fed a basal diet while the palm oil high-fat group (PHFD) and soybean oil high-fat group (SHFD) were fed their respective high-fat diets for 17 weeks. Blood samples were collected to evaluate serum biochemical indexes. Bacterial RNA was extracted from the feces of mice, followed by 16S rRNA sequencing.

Results

Compared with the ND group, the body weights of mice were significantly increased in the PHFD and SHFD groups (P<0.05). Additionally, body weights of the PHFD group were significantly higher than that of the SHFD group (P<0.05). Compared with the ND group, the levels of serum total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were significantly increased in the PHFD group (P<0.05), the levels of serum TC and triglyceride (TG) were significantly increased in the SHFD group (P<0.05), the levels of serum TC and LDL-C were significantly higher in the PHFD group compared to the SHFD group (P<0.05). The results of gut microbiota showed that compared with ND, the PCA diagrams of the β diversity presented clear distinction, the Firmicutes/Bacteroidota ratio (F/B ratio) of the PHFD group was significantly increased (P<0.05), with the PHFD group having a significantly higher F/B ratio than the SHFD group (P<0.05). Moreover, the relative abundance of Muribaculaceae was significantly decreased (P<0.05). The PHFD group had significant increases in the relative abundance of characteristic bacteria, including Ileibacterium, Pseudomonas, and Bifidobacterium (P<0.05), whereas the SHFD group had significant increases in the relative abundance of characteristic bacteria, such as Mucispirillum, Allobaculum, and Colidextribacter (P<0.05). Additionally, the function of glucose metabolism-related pathways was significantly increased in the PHFD group (P<0.05), while function of lipid metabolism-related pathway was significantly decreased in the SHFD group (P<0.05).

Conclusion

Different types of high-fat diets with various types of oils lead to lipid metabolism disorder and significant differences in the composition and structural changes of gut microbiota in mice. The PHFD group shows increases in the relative abundances of genuses associated with glycolipid metabolism, while the SHFD group shows increases in the relative abundances of genuses associated with lipid-metabolism and decrease in the relative abundance of antioxidant capacity.

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目的

探究不同类型油脂高脂膳食对小鼠血脂水平及肠道菌群的影响。

方法

30只SPF级雄性C57BL/6J小鼠按体重随机分为三组,每组10只,普通对照组(ND)给予对照饲料,棕榈油高脂组(PHFD)和大豆油高脂组(SHFD)分别给予对应高脂饲料,喂养17周后测定血清生化指标,取粪便进行16S rRNA测序。

结果

与ND相比,PHFD和SHFD小鼠体重显著升高(P<0.05)且PHFD显著高于SHFD(P<0.05);与ND相比,PHFD血清总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、低密度脂蛋白(low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C)水平显著升高(P<0.05),SHFD血清TC、甘油三酯 (triglyceride,TG)水平显著升高(P<0.05),PHFD血清TC、LDL-C水平显著高于SHFD(P<0.05)。肠道菌群结果显示,与ND相比,各高脂组小鼠肠道菌群β多样性的PCA图显著区分,PHFD Firmicutes/Bacteroidota比值(F/B值)显著升高(P<0.05)且显著高于SHFD(P<0.05),Muribaculaceae相对丰度显著下降(P<0.05),PHFD特征菌IleibacteriumPseudomonasBifidobacterium相对丰度显著升高(P<0.05),SHFD特征菌MucispirillumAllobaculumColidextribacter相对丰度显著升高(P<0.05),PHFD糖代谢相关通路功能显著上升(P<0.05),SHFD脂代谢相关通路功能显著下降(P<0.05)。

结论

不同类型油脂高脂膳食导致小鼠血脂紊乱,肠道菌群结构显著改变,PHFD糖脂代谢相关菌属相对丰度增加,SHFD脂质代谢相关菌属相对丰度增加,抗氧化相关菌相对丰度降低。

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郭福川,E-mail:
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陈睿然(1999—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:营养与慢性病

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陈睿然(1999—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:营养与慢性病

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陈睿然(1999—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:营养与慢性病

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注:A. 实验初体重,B. 实验末体重,#表示与ND相比具有显著性差异(P<0.05),*表示其余各组间比较具有显著性差异(P<0.05),下同。

, figureFileSmall=Xx9G3wQ0yBHySCuNlE+MIg==, figureFileBig=RioXt/hEYBoko8aQn938Qw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240748858444141227, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375278585835753, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Effects of different types of high-fat diets on serum biochemical indices in mice (n=10), figureFileSmall=JzKXlTylGMPByo0JKOYL8Q==, figureFileBig=GDl4//baGWmef2ktVA70Og==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240748858561581743, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375278585835753, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同类型高脂膳食对小鼠血清生化的影响(n=10)

注:A. 血清TC水平;B. 血清TG水平;C. 血清HDL-C水平;D. 血清LDL-C水平。

, figureFileSmall=JzKXlTylGMPByo0JKOYL8Q==, figureFileBig=GDl4//baGWmef2ktVA70Og==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240748858695799479, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375278585835753, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Effects of different types of high-fat diets on α diversity of gut microbiota in mice (n=10), figureFileSmall=oqE/fSs6OMcYQdN1IUflOA==, figureFileBig=vQsNrCjwUEKa+YAaAU0dhg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240748858792268475, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375278585835753, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同类型高脂膳食对小鼠肠道菌群α多样性的影响(n=10)

注:A. ACE指数;B. Chao1指数;C. Shannon指数;D. Simpson指数,*表示P<0.05。

, figureFileSmall=oqE/fSs6OMcYQdN1IUflOA==, figureFileBig=vQsNrCjwUEKa+YAaAU0dhg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240748858884543170, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375278585835753, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=The effect of different types of high-fat diets on β diversity of gut microbiota in mice was analyzed based on Weighted_UniFrac_Distance PCA (n=10), figureFileSmall=fNRwyxvq+HD2EDclQvBZJA==, figureFileBig=EgafCsSvmoE2Lqyf45DjjA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240748859001983694, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375278585835753, language=CN, label=图4, caption=基于Weighted_UniFrac_Distance的PCA分析不同类型高脂膳食对小鼠肠道菌群β多样性的影响(n=10)

注:A. ND,PHFD和SHFD;B. ND vs PHFD;C. ND vs SHFD;D. PHFD vs SHFD。

, figureFileSmall=fNRwyxvq+HD2EDclQvBZJA==, figureFileBig=EgafCsSvmoE2Lqyf45DjjA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240748859161367257, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375278585835753, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Effects of different types of high-fat diets on species composition at the phylum taxonomic level of gut microbiota in mice(n=10), figureFileSmall=lTft+4oDrvEzUPZ8WWfuCw==, figureFileBig=WcYQV4Me2Evp92jST04RvA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240748859324945119, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375278585835753, language=CN, label=图5, caption=不同类型高脂膳食对小鼠肠道菌群门分类水平物种组成的影响(n=10)

注:A. 门分类水平物种相对丰度比例分布柱状图;B.Firmicutes相对丰度;C. Bacteroidot相对丰度;D.Firmicutes/Bacteroidota比值(F/B ratio),*表示P<0.05。

, figureFileSmall=lTft+4oDrvEzUPZ8WWfuCw==, figureFileBig=WcYQV4Me2Evp92jST04RvA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240748859471745768, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375278585835753, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=The relative abundance ratio distribution histogram and LEfSe analysis of gut microbiota in different types of high-fat diet mice at genus classification level (n=10), figureFileSmall=UOtBjKhZXTy5LNvXEB5Thw==, figureFileBig=vZizzYFsbKNZgaUI8usZCg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240748859576603376, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375278585835753, language=CN, label=图6, caption=不同类型高脂膳食小鼠肠道菌群属分类水平物种相对丰度比例分布柱状图和LEfSe分析结果(n=10), figureFileSmall=UOtBjKhZXTy5LNvXEB5Thw==, figureFileBig=vZizzYFsbKNZgaUI8usZCg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240748859706626809, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375278585835753, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=The relative abundance of critical gut microbiota in gene level (n=10), figureFileSmall=kkr9q/ur2owihrVa7xAEcw==, figureFileBig=3MiQZsLH8Yhx5Aw0AszVaw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240748859807290112, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375278585835753, language=CN, label=图7, caption=属水平关键肠道菌属相对丰度(n=10)

注:A. Muribaculaceae; B. Bifidobacterium; C. Ileibacterium; D. Lactobacillus; E. Pseudomonas; F. Mucispirillum; G. Allobaculum; H. Colidextribacter。

, figureFileSmall=kkr9q/ur2owihrVa7xAEcw==, figureFileBig=3MiQZsLH8Yhx5Aw0AszVaw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240748859920536328, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375278585835753, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Prediction of microbiota function by PICURSt2, figureFileSmall=tJwTiLDv+0x6bq7nAU8yfg==, figureFileBig=OYmJ4FCB64nvu594diSAKA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240748860058948371, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375278585835753, language=CN, label=图8, caption=PICURSt2菌群功能预测

注:A. PHFD vs ND;B. SHFD vs ND;C. SHFD vs PHFD。

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不同类型油脂高脂膳食对小鼠血脂水平及肠道菌群的影响
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陈睿然 , 陈洁 , 黄佳灵 , 李敏丽 , 郭福川
现代预防医学 | 营养与食品卫生 2024,51(8): 1412-1419
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现代预防医学 | 营养与食品卫生 2024, 51(8): 1412-1419
不同类型油脂高脂膳食对小鼠血脂水平及肠道菌群的影响
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陈睿然, 陈洁, 黄佳灵, 李敏丽, 郭福川
作者信息
  • 福建医科大学公共卫生学院,福建 福州 350122
  • 陈睿然(1999—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:营养与慢性病

通讯作者:

郭福川,E-mail:
Effects of different types of high-fat diets with various types of oils on serum lipid levels and gut microbiota in mice
Rui-ran CHEN, Jie CHEN, Jia-ling HUANG, Min-li LI, Fu-chuan GUO
Affiliations
  • School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
出版时间: 2024-04-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202311123
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目的

探究不同类型油脂高脂膳食对小鼠血脂水平及肠道菌群的影响。

方法

30只SPF级雄性C57BL/6J小鼠按体重随机分为三组,每组10只,普通对照组(ND)给予对照饲料,棕榈油高脂组(PHFD)和大豆油高脂组(SHFD)分别给予对应高脂饲料,喂养17周后测定血清生化指标,取粪便进行16S rRNA测序。

结果

与ND相比,PHFD和SHFD小鼠体重显著升高(P<0.05)且PHFD显著高于SHFD(P<0.05);与ND相比,PHFD血清总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、低密度脂蛋白(low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C)水平显著升高(P<0.05),SHFD血清TC、甘油三酯 (triglyceride,TG)水平显著升高(P<0.05),PHFD血清TC、LDL-C水平显著高于SHFD(P<0.05)。肠道菌群结果显示,与ND相比,各高脂组小鼠肠道菌群β多样性的PCA图显著区分,PHFD Firmicutes/Bacteroidota比值(F/B值)显著升高(P<0.05)且显著高于SHFD(P<0.05),Muribaculaceae相对丰度显著下降(P<0.05),PHFD特征菌IleibacteriumPseudomonasBifidobacterium相对丰度显著升高(P<0.05),SHFD特征菌MucispirillumAllobaculumColidextribacter相对丰度显著升高(P<0.05),PHFD糖代谢相关通路功能显著上升(P<0.05),SHFD脂代谢相关通路功能显著下降(P<0.05)。

结论

不同类型油脂高脂膳食导致小鼠血脂紊乱,肠道菌群结构显著改变,PHFD糖脂代谢相关菌属相对丰度增加,SHFD脂质代谢相关菌属相对丰度增加,抗氧化相关菌相对丰度降低。

高脂膳食  /  肠道菌群  /  棕榈油  /  大豆油
Objective

To investigate the effects of different high-fat diets with various types of oils on serum lipid levels and gut microbiota in mice.

Methods

Thirty SPF male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into three groups based on their body weight (n = 10 per group). The normal diet group (ND) was fed a basal diet while the palm oil high-fat group (PHFD) and soybean oil high-fat group (SHFD) were fed their respective high-fat diets for 17 weeks. Blood samples were collected to evaluate serum biochemical indexes. Bacterial RNA was extracted from the feces of mice, followed by 16S rRNA sequencing.

Results

Compared with the ND group, the body weights of mice were significantly increased in the PHFD and SHFD groups (P<0.05). Additionally, body weights of the PHFD group were significantly higher than that of the SHFD group (P<0.05). Compared with the ND group, the levels of serum total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were significantly increased in the PHFD group (P<0.05), the levels of serum TC and triglyceride (TG) were significantly increased in the SHFD group (P<0.05), the levels of serum TC and LDL-C were significantly higher in the PHFD group compared to the SHFD group (P<0.05). The results of gut microbiota showed that compared with ND, the PCA diagrams of the β diversity presented clear distinction, the Firmicutes/Bacteroidota ratio (F/B ratio) of the PHFD group was significantly increased (P<0.05), with the PHFD group having a significantly higher F/B ratio than the SHFD group (P<0.05). Moreover, the relative abundance of Muribaculaceae was significantly decreased (P<0.05). The PHFD group had significant increases in the relative abundance of characteristic bacteria, including Ileibacterium, Pseudomonas, and Bifidobacterium (P<0.05), whereas the SHFD group had significant increases in the relative abundance of characteristic bacteria, such as Mucispirillum, Allobaculum, and Colidextribacter (P<0.05). Additionally, the function of glucose metabolism-related pathways was significantly increased in the PHFD group (P<0.05), while function of lipid metabolism-related pathway was significantly decreased in the SHFD group (P<0.05).

Conclusion

Different types of high-fat diets with various types of oils lead to lipid metabolism disorder and significant differences in the composition and structural changes of gut microbiota in mice. The PHFD group shows increases in the relative abundances of genuses associated with glycolipid metabolism, while the SHFD group shows increases in the relative abundances of genuses associated with lipid-metabolism and decrease in the relative abundance of antioxidant capacity.

High-fat diet  /  Gut microbiota  /  Palm oil  /  Soybean oil
陈睿然, 陈洁, 黄佳灵, 李敏丽, 郭福川. 不同类型油脂高脂膳食对小鼠血脂水平及肠道菌群的影响. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (8) : 1412 -1419 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202311123
Rui-ran CHEN, Jie CHEN, Jia-ling HUANG, Min-li LI, Fu-chuan GUO. Effects of different types of high-fat diets with various types of oils on serum lipid levels and gut microbiota in mice[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (8) : 1412 -1419 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202311123
人的胃肠道存在的大量微生物被称为肠道菌群[1],调节机体免疫和能量代谢,结构改变会对身体健康产生一定影响[2-4]。棕榈油富含饱和脂肪酸,在食品工业中具有广泛的应用,是全球生产量、消费量和国际贸易量最大的植物油,大豆油富含多不饱和脂肪酸,在预防心血管疾病和调节胆固醇水平方面发挥重要作用,是亚洲地区主要的食用油之一。然而,油脂的过量摄入却可能导致代谢性疾病的发生,而在这个过程中,肠道菌群的作用不容忽视。研究表明,富含棕榈油的高脂膳食导致BacteroidesBacteroidaceae减少而Lactobacaceae增加[5],与肥胖的发展呈正相关[6];富含大豆油的高脂膳食通过降低Firmicutes丰度[7]F/B[8],影响机体代谢,说明不同类型高脂饮食均对肠道菌群都有负面影响[9-10]。研究发现棕榈油高脂膳食和大豆油高脂膳食均改变肠道菌群结构,促进碳水化合物代谢[11]VerrucomicrobiaActinomycetes在大豆油和棕榈油高脂膳食中存在差异,但未进一步分析[12]
目前,我国居民膳食结构中脂肪供能比较高[13],影响身体健康。本研究通过16S rRNA测序技术,深入探究富含饱和脂肪酸的棕榈油高脂膳食与富含多不饱和脂肪酸的大豆油高脂膳食对小鼠血脂水平及肠道菌群的影响。通过对不同类型油脂高脂膳食的小鼠肠道菌群进行功能预测,分析肠道菌群变化与血脂异常的相关性,进一步丰富对膳食与肠道菌群关系的认识,同时也对指导我国居民进行合理膳食提供理论支持。
6~8周龄SPF级雄性C57BL/6J小鼠30只,体质量20±2 g,购于北京华阜康生物科技股份有限公司,许可证编号:SCXK(京)2019-0008。
对照饲料(供能比为碳水化合物69.8 %、脂肪10.0 %和蛋白质20.2 %)、棕榈油高脂饲料、大豆油高脂饲料(高脂饲料供能比为碳水化合物34.4 %、脂肪45.4 %和蛋白质20.2 %),购于北京科澳协力饲料有限公司。
Research plus微量移液器 德国Eppendorf公司;DK-S26水浴锅 上海精宏实验设备有限公司;其林贝尔XW-80A旋涡混合器 上海巴玖实业有限公司;5702台式低速离心机 德国Eppendorf 公司;Multisakn go酶标仪 美国赛默飞世尔科技有限公司。总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)试剂盒、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C) 南京建成生物工程研究所。
小鼠饲养于福建医科大学上街校区实验动物中心(福建福州,动物许可证号:SYXK(闽)2022-0003),适应性喂养7天后按体重随机分为普通对照组(ND)、棕榈油高脂组(PHFD)和大豆油高脂组(SHFD),每组10只。ND给予对照饲料,PHFD给予棕榈油高脂饲料,SHFD给予大豆油高脂饲料,连续喂养17周,实验期间接受12 h /12 h光/暗循环、温度25±1 ℃、相对湿度50±10%,自由摄食和饮水。该实验动物方案符合福建医科大学实验动物伦理委员会要求,伦理编号:IACUC FJMU 2022-0596。
小鼠适应性喂养7天后称重记为初体重,实验最后一天记录终体重。
喂养周期结束后禁食不禁水12 h,麻醉后心脏取血,分离血清备用。按试剂盒说明测定血清TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C水平。
实验结束前收集小鼠粪便,消毒鼠笼,无菌纱布铺于鼠笼内底部后将小鼠移入笼内,小鼠正常活动,收集粪便待测。
粪便样本委托武汉安隆科讯技术有限公司进行粪便微生物16S rRNA测序。抽提基因组DNA后,利用1%琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测抽提的基因组DNA。经过PCR扩增、文库构建、上机测序。原始数据下机后以Fastq格式存储,包含每条测序序列名称、碱基序列及其对应测序质量信息。
使用QIIME2分析平台,原始下机数据使用Trimmomatic、Pear进行质控,序列拼接使用Flash、Pear,mothur和uchime对Tag序列进行质控,OTU聚类使用uclust和uparse,使用classify-sklearn和RDP比对。
所有数据采用SPSS 26.0统计软件分析,计量资料用均数±标准误(mean±SEM)表示,各指标组间比较采用单因素方差分析;组间两两比较,若方差齐,采用LSD检验;若方差不齐,采用邓尼特T3检验,检验水准α=0.05,应用GraphPad 8.0.2软件作图。
干预17周后,与ND相比,PHFD和SHFD小鼠终体重显著升高(P<0.05)且PHFD显著高于SHFD(P<0.05),见图1
图2所示,PHFD小鼠血清TC和LDL-C水平显著高于ND和SHFD(P<0.05),SHFD小鼠血清TC和TG水平显著高于ND(P<0.05)。
α多样性用于评估肠道菌群丰富度和多样性,如图3所示,SHFD的Chao1指数显著低于ND(P<0.05),各组ACE指数、Shannon指数和Simpson指数差异不显著(P>0.05)。
β多样性指数聚焦于样本间的差异,如图4 Weighted_UniFrac_Distance β多样性PCA图所示,各组组内菌群分布相对集中,组间菌群组成具有显著性差异(P<0.05)。
在门分类水平上比较各组小鼠肠道微生物群落构成,所有组小鼠中FirmicutesBacteroidota均为优势菌门,见图5AFirmicutes/Bacteroidota比值(F/B ratio)反映肠道菌群失调的程度,如图5B-D所示,与ND相比,PHFD的Firmicutes相对丰度和F/B值显著升高(P<0.05),且PHFD的F/B值显著高于SHFD(P<0.05),PHFD和SHFD Bacteroidota相对丰度显著降低(P<0.05)。
在属分类水平上对各组的肠道微生物群落构成进行分析,图6A展示属水平相对丰度前10的菌属,各组菌属构成不同。
LDA Effect Size分析(LEfSe分析)寻找组间丰度有显著差异的物种。如图6B-D所示,在属水平上,ND主要菌群为Muribaculaceae,PHFD与ND相比主要为BifidobacteriumIleibacterium,SHFD与ND相比主要为AllobaculumColidextribacter;PHFD与SHFD相比,PHFD的主要菌群为BifidobacteriumIleibacteriumLactobacillusPseudomonas,SHFD主要为AlistipesMucispirillumAllobaculumColidex-tribacter
为进一步研究差异菌属,分析各组属水平关键菌相对丰度,如图7所示,与ND相比,PHFD和SHFD Muribaculaceae相对丰度显著降低(P<0.05),Bifidobacterium相对丰度显著升高(P<0.05)且PHFD显著高于SHFD(P<0.05),PHFD IleibacteriumLactobacillusPseudomonas相对丰度显著高于ND和SHFD(P<0.05),SHFD MucispirillumAllobaculumColidextribacter相对丰度显著高于ND和PHFD(P<0.05)。
为深入了解功能改变如何影响肠道微生物群结构变化,通过PICRUSt2进行微生物群功能预测,STAMP软件分析其差异。如图8所示,与ND相比,PHFD在Carbohydrate digestion and absorption、Starch and sucrose metabolism、Autophagy-yeast、Arabinogalactan biosynthesis-Mycobacterium等功能显著升高(P<0.05),但Apoptosis、Protein digestion and absorption、Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis-gangllo series、Lysosome、Glycosaminoglycan degradation、N-Glycan biosynthesis等功能显著降低(P<0.05);与ND相比,SHFD在p53 signaling pathway、colorectal cancer、Apoptosis-multiple species、linoleic acid metabolism、Ether lipid metabolism、Retinol metabolism等功能显著降低(P<0.05)。与SHFD相比,PHFD Glycosaminoglycan degradation、N-Glycan biosynthesis、proximal tubule bicarbonate reclamation功能显著降低低于(P<0.05),Carbohydrate digestion and absorption、Autophagy-yeast、Phosphotransferase system等功能显著升高(P<0.05)。
将体重和血清生化指标与属水平关键菌作Spearman相关性分析,如图9A所示,ND小鼠Muribaculaceae与血清HDL-C和LDL-C呈正相关(P<0.05),Pseudomonas与血清HDL-C呈负相关(P<0.05),Colidextribacter与血清LDL-C呈负相关(P<0.05);如图9B所示,PHFD小鼠Pseudomonas与体重呈正相关(P<0.05);如图9C所示,SHFD小鼠Bifidobacterium与体重和血清LDL-C呈负相关(P<0.05),Allobaculum与体重呈负相关(P<0.05)。
肠道菌群是人体肠道微生物群落的总称,宿主为肠道菌群生长提供稳定环境,肠道菌群协助宿主参与多种功能,故当肠道微生态平衡遭到破坏时会导致各种疾病发生。
本研究发现,高脂膳食导致小鼠体重升高和血脂异常。TC合成与脂肪酸的饱和度相关[14],PHFD富含饱和脂肪酸(Saturated Fatty Acids, SFA),结构稳定不易被氧化,在摄入和吸收时易于储存,SHFD富含多不饱和脂肪酸(Poly Unsaturated Fatty Acid, PUFA),具有的不稳定双键易被氧化,使PHFD血清TC和LDL-C显著高于SHFD。与ND相比,SHFD血清TG显著升高可能与催化TAGs合成的二酰基甘油酰基转移酶(Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase, DGAT)相关,DGAT2在促进PUFA形成TAGs方面起着至关重要的作用[15],可能因此导致SHFD血清TG水平显著升高。
本实验结果表明,大豆油高脂膳食导致肠道菌群丰富度程度下降,而丰富度降低与血脂异常相关[16]。短链脂肪酸(short-chain fatty acids, SCFAs)在免疫反应方面起重要作用,Firmicutes增加能增强SCFAs产生,并从饮食中获得能量从而导致体重增加和脂肪细胞组织中脂肪堆积进而导致肥胖[17],而Bacteroidota下降与脂肪沉积相关,可能对体脂和血脂产生不利影响[18],而F/B值作为肠道菌群失衡的标志,其升高与肥胖等代谢性疾病相关[19]。本实验中不同类型油脂高脂膳食降低Bacteroidota相对丰度,棕榈油高脂膳食导致Firmicutes相对丰度增加,F/B值升高,PHFD肠道菌群失衡程度高于SHFD,与体重和血清生化变化情况基本符合。
LEfSe分析各组小鼠肠道菌群属水平特征菌,发现不同类型高脂膳食均显著降低了被认为是健康肠道微生物标志物的Muribaculaceae[20]的相对丰度。PHFD中高丰度的Ileibacterium可能通过增强糖酵解
和减弱三羧酸循环介导碳水化合物代谢[21]Pseudomonas与肠道炎症相关,有研究发现高脂膳食会导致Pseudomonas含量升高[22]。SHFD中Colidextribacter相对丰度显著升高与抗氧化酶活性呈负相关[23]MucispirillumAllobaculum与脂质代谢和代谢性疾病呈正相关[24]Bifidobacterium相对丰度升高可能通过抑制脂肪生成酶表达从而抑制细胞分化与脂质积累[25-26]。以上结果表明,PHFD升高IleibacteriumPseudomonasBifidobacterium相对丰度介导碳水化合物代谢,促进炎症改变肠道菌群稳态;SHFD升高MucispirillumAllobaculumColidextribacter相对丰度影响脂质代谢和降低抗氧化能力改变肠道菌群稳态。
功能预测深入了解功能改变如何响应肠道微生物群的结构变化,PHFD糖脂代谢相关功能通路升高,SHFD亚油酸代谢和醚脂代谢等脂代谢相关功能通路降低。进一步分析特征菌与小鼠血清生化指标相关性,发现ND组小鼠Muribaculaceae与血清HDL-C和LDL-C水平呈正相关,PseudomonasColidextribacter分别与血清HDL-C和LDL-C水平呈负相关;PHFD组Pseudomonas与体重水平呈正相关;SHFD组Bifidobacterium与体重和血清LDL-C水平呈负相关,Allobaculum与体重水平呈负相关,结果更加有利地说明高脂膳食改变肠道菌群稳态,导致表现为体重增加和血脂异常的代谢紊乱。
综上所述,本研究表明不同类型油脂的高脂膳食导致小鼠血脂异常,影响菌群丰富度,改变菌群构成,富含棕榈油的高脂膳食使与糖脂代谢相关菌属相对丰度增加,富含大豆油的高脂膳食影响脂质代谢相关菌群并使与抗氧化能力相关菌属相对丰度降低,研究揭示肠道菌群在不同高脂状态下的变化,为居民膳食提供指导,也为代谢性疾病的预防和发病机制的研究提供思路与线索。
  • 福建省自然科学基金资助项目(2021J01735)
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2024年第51卷第8期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202311123
  • 接收时间:2023-11-07
  • 首发时间:2026-03-16
  • 出版时间:2024-04-25
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  • 收稿日期:2023-11-07
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福建省自然科学基金资助项目(2021J01735)
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    福建医科大学公共卫生学院,福建 福州 350122

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郭福川,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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